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Afarin M, Naeimpoor F. Effect of microbial interactions on performance of community metabolic modeling algorithms: flux balance analysis (FBA), community FBA (cFBA) and SteadyCom. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024:10.1007/s00449-024-03072-7. [PMID: 39180547 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
To explore the impact of microbial interactions on outcomes from three prevalent algorithms (Flux Balance Analysis (FBA), community FBA (cFBA), and SteadyCom) analyzing microbial community metabolic networks, five toy community models representing common microbial interactions were designed. These include commensalism, mutualism, competition, mutualism-competition, and commensalism-competition. Various scenarios, considering different biomass yields and substrate constraints, were examined for each type. In commensal communities, all algorithms consistently produced similar results. However, changes in biomass yields and substrate constraints led to variable abundances (0.33-0.8) and community growth rates (2-5 1/h) within a broad range. For competitive communities, all algorithms predicted growth of fastest-growing member. To comply with the natural coexistence of members, suboptimal solutions over optimal point are recommended. FBA faced challenges in modeling mutualism, consistently predicting growth of only one member. Although cFBA and SteadyCom resulted in a lower community growth rate, coexistence of both members were satisfied. In toy models with dual interactions, more realistic outcomes were achieved contrary to purely competitive model as the dependency fosters the coexistence which was missing in the competitive only scenarios. These findings emphasize the importance of algorithm choice based on specific microbial interaction types for reliable community behavior predictions..
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Afarin
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Naeimpoor
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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Jonynaite K, Stirke A, Gerken H, Frey W, Gusbeth C. Influence of growth medium on the species-specific interactions between algae and bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2024; 16:e13321. [PMID: 39168352 PMCID: PMC11338630 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated a species-specific algal-bacterial co-culture that has recently attracted worldwide scientific attention as a novel approach to enhancing algal growth rate. We report that the type of interaction between Chlorella vulgaris and bacteria of the genus Delftia is not solely determined by species specificity. Rather, it is a dynamic process of adaptation to the surrounding conditions, where one or the other microorganism dominates (temporally) depending on the growth conditions, in particular the medium. Under laboratory conditions, we found that Delftia sp. had a negative effect on C. vulgaris growth when co-cultured in a TAP medium. However, the co-culture of algae and bacteria under BG-11 and BG-11 + acetic acid resulted in an increase in algal concentration compared to algal cultures without bacteria under the same conditions. Additional chemical analysis revealed that the presence of different carbon (the main organic carbon source-acetic acid in TAP or BG-11 + acetic acid medium and inorganic carbon source-Na2CO3 in BG-11 or BG-11 + acetic acid medium) and nitrogen (NH4Cl in TAP medium and NaNO3 in BG-11 or BG-11 + acetic acid medium) species in the growth medium was one of the main factors driving the shift in interaction type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamile Jonynaite
- Laboratory of Bioelectrics, Department of Functional Materials and ElectronicsState Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and TechnologyVilniusLithuania
| | - Arunas Stirke
- Laboratory of Bioelectrics, Department of Functional Materials and ElectronicsState Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and TechnologyVilniusLithuania
| | - Henri Gerken
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona Center for Algae Technology and InnovationArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave TechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruheGermany
| | - Christian Gusbeth
- Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave TechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruheGermany
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Karitani Y, Yamada R, Matsumoto T, Ogino H. Improvement of cell growth in green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii through co-cultivation with yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol Lett 2024; 46:431-441. [PMID: 38578514 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-024-03483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE CO2 fixation methods using green algae have attracted considerable attention because they can be applied for the fixation of dilute CO2 in the atmosphere. However, green algae generally exhibit low CO2 fixation efficiency under atmospheric conditions. Therefore, it is a challenge to improve the CO2 fixation efficiency of green algae under atmospheric conditions. Co-cultivation of certain microalgae with heterotrophic microorganisms can increase the growth potential of microalgae under atmospheric conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the culture conditions under which the growth potential of green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is enhanced by co-culturing with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and to identify the cause of the enhanced growth potential. RESULTS When C. reinhardtii and S. cerevisiae were co-cultured with an initial green algae to yeast inoculum ratio of 1:3, the cell concentration of C. reinhardtii reached 133 × 105 cells/mL on day 18 of culture, which was 1.5 times higher than that of the monoculture. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression levels of 363 green algae and 815 yeast genes were altered through co-cultivation. These included genes responsible for ammonium transport and CO2 enrichment mechanism in green algae and the genes responsible for glycolysis and stress responses in yeast. CONCLUSION We successfully increased C. reinhardtii growth potential by co-culturing it with S. cerevisiae. The main reasons for this are likely to be an increase in inorganic nitrogen available to green algae via yeast metabolism and an increase in energy available for green algae growth instead of CO2 enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukino Karitani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Yamada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Ogino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
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Reyes C, Sajó Z, Lucas MS, Sinha A, Schwarze FWMR, Ribera J, Nyström G. Cocultivation of White-Rot Fungi and Microalgae in the Presence of Nanocellulose. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0304122. [PMID: 36154147 PMCID: PMC9604150 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03041-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocultivation of fungi and algae can result in a mutualistic or antagonistic interaction depending on the species involved and the cultivation conditions. In this study, we investigated the growth behavior and enzymatic activity of two filamentous white-rot fungi (Trametes versicolor and Trametes pubescens) and two freshwater algae (Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus vacuolatus) cocultured in the presence of TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical) oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). The growth of fungi and algae was studied in liquid, agar medium, and 3D-printed nanocellulose hydrogels. The results showed that cocultures grew faster under nutrient-rich conditions than in nutrient-depleted conditions. Key cellulose-degrading enzymes, including endoglucanase and laccase activities, were higher in liquid cocultures of T. versicolor and S. vacuolatus in the presence of cellulose compared to single cultures of fungi or algae. Although similar results were observed for cocultures of T. pubescens and C. vulgaris, laccase production diminished over time in these cultures. Fungi and algae were capable of growth in 3D-printed cellulose hydrogels. These results showed that cellulase enzyme production could be enhanced by cocultivating white-rot fungi with freshwater algae under nutrient-rich conditions with TEMPO-CNF and CNC. Additionally, the growth of white-rot fungi and freshwater algae in printed cellulose hydrogels demonstrates the potential use of fungi and algae in hydrogel systems for biotechnological applications, including biofuel production and bio-based fuel cell components. IMPORTANCE Depending on the conditions used to grow fungi and algae in the lab, they can interact in a mutually beneficial or negative way. These interactions could stimulate the organisms to produce enzymes in response to the interaction. We studied how wood decay fungi and freshwater algae grew in the presence and absence of cellulose, one of the basic building blocks of wood. How fungi and algae grew in 3D-printed cellulose hydrogels was also tested. Our results showed that fungi and algae partners produced significantly larger amounts of enzymes that degraded cellulose when grown with cellulose than when grown alone. In addition, fungi and algae were shown to grow in dense nanocellulose hydrogels and could survive the shear conditions during gel structuring while 3D-printing. These cultures could potentially be applied in the biotech industry for applications like energy production from cellulose, biofuel production, and bioremediation of cellulose material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Reyes
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, Empa, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Zsófia Sajó
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, Empa, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Susanna Lucas
- Scientific Center for Light and Electron Microscopy (ScopeM), ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ashutosh Sinha
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, Empa, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Health Science and Technolgy, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Javier Ribera
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, Empa, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Gustav Nyström
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, Empa, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Health Science and Technolgy, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Booth M, Spicer A, Kiparissides A. Shedding light on phototrophic biomass production of Chlorella variabilis: The importance of dissolved CO2, light intensity and duty cycle. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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A Multi–Membrane System to Study the Effects of Physical and Metabolic Interactions in Microbial Co-Cultures and Consortia. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous cell-to-cell contact between different species is a general feature of all natural environments. However, almost all research is conducted on single-species cultures, reflecting a biotechnological bias and problems associated with the complexities of reproducibly growing and controlling multispecies systems. Consequently, biotic stress due to the presence of other species remains poorly understood. In this context, understanding the effects of physical contact between species when compared to metabolic contact alone is one of the first steps to unravelling the mechanisms that underpin microbial ecological interactions. The current technologies to study the effects of cell-to-cell contact present disadvantages, such as the inefficient or discontinuous exchange of metabolites when preventing contact between species. This paper presents and characterizes a novel bioreactor system that uses ceramic membranes to create a “multi-membrane” compartmentalized system whereby two or more species can be co-cultured without the mixing of the species, while ensuring the efficient sharing of all of the media components. The system operates continuously, thereby avoiding the discontinuities that characterize other systems, which either have to use hourly backwashes to clean their membranes, or have to change the direction of the flow between compartments. This study evaluates the movement of metabolites across the membrane in co-cultures of yeast, microalgae and bacterial species, and monitors the movement of the metabolites produced during co-culturing. These results show that the multi-membrane system proposed in this study represents an effective system for studying the effects of cell-to-cell contact in microbial consortia. The system can also be adapted for various biotechnological purposes, such as the production of metabolites when more than one species is required for such a process.
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Maeda I, Kudou S, Iwai S. Efficient isolation and cultivation of endosymbiotic Chlorella from Paramecium bursaria on agar plates by co-culture with yeast cells. J Microbiol Methods 2021; 186:106254. [PMID: 34052226 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Paramecium bursaria is a ciliate that harbors Chlorella-like unicellular green algae as endosymbionts. The relationship between the host P. bursaria and the endosymbiotic Chlorella is facultative; therefore, both partners can be cultured independently and re-combined to re-establish symbiosis, making this system suitable for studying algal endosymbiosis. However, despite many previous studies, cultivation of endosymbiotic Chlorella remains difficult, particularly on agar plates. Here we describe a simple agar plate method for efficiently isolating and culturing cells of the endosymbiotic alga Chlorella variabilis from an individual P. bursaria cell, by co-culturing them with yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The co-culture with the yeast significantly improved the colony-forming efficiency of the alga on agar. Growth assays suggest that the main role of the co-cultured yeast cells is not to provide nutrients for the algal cells, but to protect the algal cells from some environmental stresses on the agar surface. Using the algal cells grown on the plates and a set of specially designed primers, direct colony PCR can be performed for screening of multiple endosymbiont clones isolated from a single host ciliate. These methods may provide a useful tool for studying endosymbiotic Chlorella species within P. bursaria and various other protists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippei Maeda
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8560, Japan
| | - Shou Kudou
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8560, Japan
| | - Sosuke Iwai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8560, Japan.
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Conacher CG, Luyt NA, Naidoo-Blassoples RK, Rossouw D, Setati ME, Bauer FF. The ecology of wine fermentation: a model for the study of complex microbial ecosystems. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3027-3043. [PMID: 33834254 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11270-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The general interest in microbial ecology has skyrocketed over the past decade, driven by technical advances and by the rapidly increasing appreciation of the fundamental services that these ecosystems provide. In biotechnology, ecosystems have many more functionalities than single species, and, if properly understood and harnessed, will be able to deliver better outcomes for almost all imaginable applications. However, the complexity of microbial ecosystems and of the interactions between species has limited their applicability. In research, next generation sequencing allows accurate mapping of the microbiomes that characterise ecosystems of biotechnological and/or medical relevance. But the gap between mapping and understanding, to be filled by "functional microbiomics", requires the collection and integration of many different layers of complex data sets, from molecular multi-omics to spatial imaging technologies to online ecosystem monitoring tools. Holistically, studying the complexity of most microbial ecosystems, consisting of hundreds of species in specific spatial arrangements, is beyond our current technical capabilities, and simpler model systems with fewer species and reduced spatial complexity are required to establish the fundamental rules of ecosystem functioning. One such ecosystem, the ecosystem responsible for natural alcoholic fermentation, can provide an excellent tool to study evolutionarily relevant interactions between multiple species within a relatively easily controlled environment. This review will critically evaluate the approaches that are currently implemented to dissect the cellular and molecular networks that govern this ecosystem. KEY POINTS: • Evolutionarily isolated fermentation ecosystem can be used as an ecological model. • Experimental toolbox is gearing towards mechanistic understanding of this ecosystem. • Integration of multidisciplinary datasets is key to predictive understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Conacher
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - N A Luyt
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - R K Naidoo-Blassoples
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - D Rossouw
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - M E Setati
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - F F Bauer
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa.
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Sharma PK, Goud VV, Yamamoto Y, Sahoo L. Efficient Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated stable genetic transformation of green microalgae, Chlorella sorokiniana. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:196. [PMID: 33927987 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02750-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The green oleaginous microalgae, Chlorella sorokiniana, is a highly productive Chlorella species and a potential host for the production of biofuel, nutraceuticals, and recombinant therapeutic proteins. The lack of a stable and efficient genetic transformation system is the major bottleneck in improving this species. We report an efficient and stable Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation system for the first time in C. sorokiniana. Cocultivation of C. sorokiniana cells (optical density at λ 680 = 1.0) with Agrobacterium at a cell density of OD600 = 0.6, on BG11 agar medium (pH 5.6) supplemented with 100 μM of acetosyringone, for three days at 25 ± 2 °C in the dark, resulted in significantly higher transformation efficiency (220 ± 5 hygromycin-resistant colonies per 106 cells). Transformed cells primarily selected on BG11 liquid medium with 30 mg/L hygromycin followed by selecting homogenous transformants on BG11 agar medium with 75 mg/L hygromycin. PCR analysis confirmed the presence of hptII, and the absence of virG amplification ruled out the Agrobacterium contamination in transformed microalgal cells. Southern hybridization confirmed the integration of the hptII gene into the genome of C. sorokiniana. The qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses confirmed hptII and GUS gene expression in the transgenic cell lines. The specific growth rate, biomass doubling time, PSII activity, and fatty-acid profile of transformed cells were found similar to wild-type untransformed cells, clearly indicating the growth and basic metabolic processes not compromised by transgene expression. This protocol can facilitate opportunities for future production of biofuel, carotenoids, nutraceuticals, and therapeutic proteins. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02750-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabin Kumar Sharma
- Centre for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039 India
| | - Vaibhab V Goud
- Centre for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039 India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039 India
| | - Y Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Lingaraj Sahoo
- Centre for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039 India
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039 India
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Biorefinery-Based Approach to Exploit Mixed Cultures of Lipomyces starkeyi and Chloroidium saccharophilum for Single Cell Oil Production. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14051340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mutualistic interactions between the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi and the green microalga Chloroidium saccharophilum in mixed cultures were investigated to exploit possible synergistic effects. In fact, microalga could act as an oxygen generator for the yeast, while the yeast could provide carbon dioxide to microalga. The behavior of the two microorganisms alone and in mixed culture was studied in two synthetic media (YEG and BBM + G) before moving on to a real model represented by the hydrolysate of Arundo donax, used as low-cost feedstock, and previously subjected to steam explosion and enzymatic hydrolysis. The overall lipid content and lipid productivity obtained in the mixed culture of YEG, BBM + G and for the hydrolysate of Arundo donax were equal to 0.064, 0.064 and 0.081 glipid·gbiomass−1 and 30.14, 35.56 and 37.22 mglipid·L−1·day−1, respectively. The mixed cultures, in all cases, proved to be the most performing compared to the individual ones. In addition, this study provided new input for the integration of Single Cell Oil (SCO) production with agro-industrial feedstock, and the fatty acid distribution mainly consisting of stearic (C18:0) and oleic acid (C18:1) allows promising applications in biofuels, cosmetics, food additives and other products of industrial interest.
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Deka D, Sonowal S, Chikkaputtaiah C, Velmurugan N. Symbiotic Associations: Key Factors That Determine Physiology and Lipid Accumulation in Oleaginous Microorganisms. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:555312. [PMID: 33391195 PMCID: PMC7772188 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.555312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Symbiosis naturally provides an opportunity for microorganisms to live together by mutual or one-way benefit. In symbiotic relationships, the microorganisms usually overcome the limitations of being free-living. Understanding the symbiotic relationships of oleaginous microorganisms provides potential route for the sustainable production of microbial-based alternative fuels. So far, several studies have been conducted in oleaginous microorganisms for the production of alternative fuels. However, some oleaginous microorganisms require high quantity of nutrients for their growth, and high level of energy and chemicals for harvest and separation of lipid bodies. Symbiotic associations can successfully be applied to address these issues. Of symbiotic associations, lichens and selective species of oleaginous endosymbiotic mucoromycotina have received substantial interest as better models to study the evolutionary relationships as well as single-cell oil production. Construction of artificial lichen system composed of cyanobacteria and oleaginous yeast has been achieved for sustainable production of lipids with minimum energy demand. Recently, endosymbiotic mucoromycotina species have been recognized as potential sources for biofuels. Studies found that endohyphal bacterium influences lipid profiling in endosymbiotic mucoromycotina species. Studies on the genetic factors related to oleaginous characteristics of endosymbiotic mucoromycotina species are scarce. In this regard, this review summarizes the different forms of symbiotic associations of oleaginous microorganisms and how symbiotic relationships are impacting the lipid formation in microorganisms. Further, the review also highlights the importance of evolutionary relationships and benefits of co-culturing (artificial symbiosis) approaches for sustainable production of biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepi Deka
- Biological Sciences Division, Branch Laboratory-Itanagar, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Naharlagun, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat, India
| | - Shashanka Sonowal
- Biological Sciences Division, Branch Laboratory-Itanagar, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Naharlagun, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat, India
| | - Channakeshavaiah Chikkaputtaiah
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat, India
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, India
| | - Natarajan Velmurugan
- Biological Sciences Division, Branch Laboratory-Itanagar, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Naharlagun, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat, India
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Haberkorn I, Walser J, Helisch H, Böcker L, Belz S, Schuppler M, Fasoulas S, Mathys A. Characterization of Chlorella vulgaris (Trebouxiophyceae) associated microbial communities 1. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2020; 56:1308-1322. [PMID: 32428976 PMCID: PMC7687158 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae exhibit extensive potential for counteracting imminent challenges in the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and biomaterial sectors, but lack economic viability. Biotechnological systems for contamination control could advance the economic viability of microalgal feedstock, but the selection of suitable strains that sustainably promote microalgal productivity remains challenging. In this study, total diversity in phototrophic Chlorella vulgaris cultures was assessed by amplicon sequencing comparing cultures subjected to five different cultivation conditions. Overall, 12 eukaryotic and 53 prokaryotic taxa were identified; Alphaproteobacteria (36.7%) dominated the prokaryotic and C. vulgaris (97.2%) the eukaryotic community. Despite altering cultivation conditions, 2 eukaryotic and 40 prokaryotic taxa remained stably associated with C. vulgaris; diversity between systems did not significantly differ (P > 0.05). Among those, 20 cultivable taxa were isolated and identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. Subsequently, controlled co-cultures were investigated showing stable associations of C. vulgaris with Sphingopyxis sp. and Pseudomonas sp.. Out-competition of C. vulgaris due to ammonium or phosphate limitation was not observed, despite significantly elevated growth of Sphingopyxis sp. and Tistrella sp.. (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, C. vulgaris growth was impaired by Tistrella sp.. Hence, the study provides a selection of stable indigenous prokaryotes and eukaryotes for artificially tailoring microbial biocenoses. Following a bottom-up approach, it provides a base for controlled co-cultures and thus the establishment of even more complex biocenoses using interkingdom assemblages. Such assemblages can benefit from functional richness for improved nutrient utilization, as well as bacterial load control, which can enhance microalgal feedstock production through improved culture stability and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Haberkorn
- Laboratory of Sustainable Food ProcessingInstitute of Food, Nutrition and HealthSwiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH)Schmelzbergstrasse 98092ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Jean‐Claude Walser
- Genetic Diversity CentreSwiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH)Universitätsstrasse 168092ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Harald Helisch
- Institute of Space System EngineeringUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 2970569StuttgartGermany
| | - Lukas Böcker
- Laboratory of Sustainable Food ProcessingInstitute of Food, Nutrition and HealthSwiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH)Schmelzbergstrasse 98092ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Stefan Belz
- Institute of Space System EngineeringUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 2970569StuttgartGermany
| | - Markus Schuppler
- Laboratory of Food MicrobiologyInstitute of Food, Nutrition and HealthSwiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH)Schmelzbergstrasse 78092ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Stefanos Fasoulas
- Institute of Space System EngineeringUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 2970569StuttgartGermany
| | - Alexander Mathys
- Laboratory of Sustainable Food ProcessingInstitute of Food, Nutrition and HealthSwiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH)Schmelzbergstrasse 98092ZürichSwitzerland
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Oosthuizen JR, Naidoo RK, Rossouw D, Bauer FF. Evolution of mutualistic behaviour between Chlorella sorokiniana and Saccharomyces cerevisiae within a synthetic environment. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 47:357-372. [PMID: 32385605 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-020-02280-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Yeast and microalgae are microorganisms with widely diverging physiological and biotechnological properties. Accordingly, their fields of applications diverge: yeasts are primarily applied in processes related to fermentation, while microalgae are used for the production of high-value metabolites and green technologies such as carbon capture. Heterotrophic-autotrophic systems and synthetic ecology approaches have been proposed as tools to achieve stable combinations of such evolutionarily unrelated species. We describe an entirely novel synthetic ecology-based approach to evolve co-operative behaviour between winery wastewater isolates of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and microalga Chlorella sorokiniana. The data show that biomass production and mutualistic growth improved when co-evolved yeast and microalgae strains were paired together. Combinations of co-evolved strains displayed a range of phenotypes, including differences in amino acid profiles. Taken together, the results demonstrate that biotic selection pressures can lead to improved mutualistic growth phenotypes over relatively short time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Oosthuizen
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - R K Naidoo
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - D Rossouw
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - F F Bauer
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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Alder-Rangel A, Idnurm A, Brand AC, Brown AJP, Gorbushina A, Kelliher CM, Campos CB, Levin DE, Bell-Pedersen D, Dadachova E, Bauer FF, Gadd GM, Braus GH, Braga GUL, Brancini GTP, Walker GM, Druzhinina I, Pócsi I, Dijksterhuis J, Aguirre J, Hallsworth JE, Schumacher J, Wong KH, Selbmann L, Corrochano LM, Kupiec M, Momany M, Molin M, Requena N, Yarden O, Cordero RJB, Fischer R, Pascon RC, Mancinelli RL, Emri T, Basso TO, Rangel DEN. The Third International Symposium on Fungal Stress - ISFUS. Fungal Biol 2020; 124:235-252. [PMID: 32389286 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stress is a normal part of life for fungi, which can survive in environments considered inhospitable or hostile for other organisms. Due to the ability of fungi to respond to, survive in, and transform the environment, even under severe stresses, many researchers are exploring the mechanisms that enable fungi to adapt to stress. The International Symposium on Fungal Stress (ISFUS) brings together leading scientists from around the world who research fungal stress. This article discusses presentations given at the third ISFUS, held in São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil in 2019, thereby summarizing the state-of-the-art knowledge on fungal stress, a field that includes microbiology, agriculture, ecology, biotechnology, medicine, and astrobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Idnurm
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexandra C Brand
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Exeter, Exeter, England, UK
| | - Alistair J P Brown
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Exeter, Exeter, England, UK
| | - Anna Gorbushina
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Materials and the Environment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina M Kelliher
- Department of Molecular & Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Claudia B Campos
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - David E Levin
- Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deborah Bell-Pedersen
- Center for Biological Clocks Research, Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ekaterina Dadachova
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Florian F Bauer
- Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Geoffrey M Gadd
- Geomicrobiology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Gerhard H Braus
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gilberto U L Braga
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme T P Brancini
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Graeme M Walker
- School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | | | - István Pócsi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Jan Dijksterhuis
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jesús Aguirre
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - John E Hallsworth
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Julia Schumacher
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Materials and the Environment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Koon Ho Wong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Laura Selbmann
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy; Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA), Mycological Section, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Martin Kupiec
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michelle Momany
- Fungal Biology Group & Plant Biology Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Mikael Molin
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Natalia Requena
- Molecular Phytopathology Department, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Oded Yarden
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jeruslaem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Radamés J B Cordero
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Reinhard Fischer
- Department of Microbiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Renata C Pascon
- Biological Sciences Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Tamas Emri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Thiago O Basso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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