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Xu L, Liu Y, Feng S, Liu C, Zhong X, Ren Y, Liu Y, Huang Y, Yang M. The relationship between atmospheric particulate matter, leaf surface microstructure, and the phyllosphere microbial diversity of Ulmus L. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:566. [PMID: 38880875 PMCID: PMC11181616 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05232-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants can retain atmospheric particulate matter (PM) through their unique foliar microstructures, which has a profound impact on the phyllosphere microbial communities. Yet, the underlying mechanisms linking atmospheric particulate matter (PM) retention by foliar microstructures to variations in the phyllosphere microbial communities remain a mystery. In this study, we conducted a field experiment with ten Ulmus lines. A series of analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and high-throughput amplicon sequencing, were applied to examine the relationship between foliar surface microstructures, PM retention, and phyllosphere microbial diversity of Ulmus L. RESULTS We characterized the leaf microstructures across the ten Ulmus lines. Chun exhibited a highly undulated abaxial surface and dense stomatal distribution. Langya and Xingshan possessed dense abaxial trichomes, while Lieye, Zuiweng, and Daguo had sparsely distributed, short abaxial trichomes. Duomai, Qingyun, and Lang were characterized by sparse stomata and flat abaxial surfaces, whereas Jinye had sparsely distributed but extensive stomata. The mean leaf retention values for total suspended particulate (TSP), PM2.5, PM2.5-10, PM10-100, and PM> 100 were 135.76, 6.60, 20.10, 90.98, and 13.08 µg·cm- 2, respectively. Trichomes substantially contributed to PM2.5 retention, while larger undulations enhanced PM2.5-10 retention, as evidenced by positive correlations between PM2.5 and abaxial trichome density and between PM2.5-10 and the adaxial raw microroughness values. Phyllosphere microbial diversity patterns varied among lines, with bacteria dominated by Sediminibacterium and fungi by Mycosphaerella, Alternaria, and Cladosporium. Redundancy analysis confirmed that dense leaf trichomes facilitated the capture of PM2.5-associated fungi, while bacteria were less impacted by PM and struggled to adhere to leaf microstructures. Long and dense trichomes provided ideal microhabitats for retaining PM-borne microbes, as evidenced by positive feedback loops between PM2.5, trichome characteristics, and the relative abundances of microorganisms like Trichoderma and Aspergillus. CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings, a three-factor network profile was constructed, which provides a foundation for further exploration into how different plants retain PM through foliar microstructures, thereby impacting phyllosphere microbial communities.
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Grants
- 216Z6301G Science and Technology Development Fund of Central Guidance on Local, China
- 216Z6301G Science and Technology Development Fund of Central Guidance on Local, China
- 216Z6301G Science and Technology Development Fund of Central Guidance on Local, China
- 216Z6301G Science and Technology Development Fund of Central Guidance on Local, China
- 216Z6301G Science and Technology Development Fund of Central Guidance on Local, China
- 216Z6301G Science and Technology Development Fund of Central Guidance on Local, China
- 216Z6301G Science and Technology Development Fund of Central Guidance on Local, China
- 216Z6301G Science and Technology Development Fund of Central Guidance on Local, China
- 216Z6301G Science and Technology Development Fund of Central Guidance on Local, China
- 21326301D Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province, China
- 21326301D Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province, China
- 21326301D Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province, China
- 21326301D Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province, China
- 21326301D Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province, China
- 21326301D Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province, China
- 21326301D Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province, China
- 21326301D Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province, China
- 21326301D Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Liren Xu
- Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
- Hebei Academy of Forestry and Grassland Science, Shijiazhuang, 050061, Hebei, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yichao Liu
- Hebei Academy of Forestry and Grassland Science, Shijiazhuang, 050061, Hebei, China
| | - Shuxiang Feng
- Hebei Academy of Forestry and Grassland Science, Shijiazhuang, 050061, Hebei, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Xinyu Zhong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yachao Ren
- Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Yujun Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yinran Huang
- Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Academy of Forestry and Grassland Science, Shijiazhuang, 050061, Hebei, China.
| | - Minsheng Yang
- Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China.
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He C, Zhang M, Li X, He X. Seasonal dynamics of phyllosphere epiphytic microbial communities of medicinal plants in farmland environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1328586. [PMID: 38239215 PMCID: PMC10794659 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1328586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The phyllosphere of plants is inhabited by various microorganisms, which play a crucial role in plant physiological metabolism. Currently, there is limited research on the dynamic effects of species and seasons on plant phyllosphere microbial community diversity and microbial interactions. Methods In this study, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence the leaf surface parasitic microorganisms of five medicinal plants (Bupleurum chinense, Atractylodes lancea, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Astragalus membranaceus, and Lonicera japonica). Results The results showed that bacteria and fungi clustered into 3,898 and 1,572 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), respectively. Compared to host species, seasons had a more significant impact on the a diversity of bacteria and fungi. The heterogeneity of phyllosphere microbial communities was greater in winter compared to summer. Key species analysis at the OTU level and Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated significant preferences in microbial interactions under plant and seasonal backgrounds. The network connections between bacterial and fungal communities significantly increased during seasonal transitions compared to connections with plants. Discussion This study enhances our understanding of the composition and ecological roles of plant-associated microbial communities in small-scale agricultural environments. Additionally, it provides valuable insights for assessing the biodiversity of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao He
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Man Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xianen Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xueli He
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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Huang WF, Li J, Huang JA, Liu ZH, Xiong LG. Review: Research progress on seasonal succession of phyllosphere microorganisms. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 338:111898. [PMID: 37879538 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Phyllosphere microorganisms have recently attracted the attention of scientists studying plant microbiomes. The origin, diversity, functions, and interactions of phyllosphere microorganisms have been extensively explored. Many experiments have demonstrated seasonal cycles of phyllosphere microbes. However, a comprehensive comparison of these separate investigations to characterize seasonal trends in phyllosphere microbes of woody and herbaceous plants has not been conducted. In this review, we explored the dynamic changes of phyllosphere microorganisms in woody and non-woody plants with the passage of the season, sought to find the driving factors, summarized these texts, and thought about future research trends regarding the application of phyllosphere microorganisms in agricultural production. Seasonal trends in phyllosphere microorganisms of herbaceous and woody plants have similarities and differences, but extensive experimental validation is needed. Climate, insects, hosts, microbial interactions, and anthropogenic activities are the diverse factors that influence seasonal variation in phyllosphere microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Feng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian-An Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li-Gui Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Yuan Z, Ye J, Lin F, Wang X, Yang T, Bi B, Mao Z, Fang S, Wang X, Hao Z, Ali A. Relationships between Phyllosphere Bacterial Communities and Leaf Functional Traits in a Temperate Forest. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3854. [PMID: 38005751 PMCID: PMC10674237 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
As a vital component of biodiversity, phyllosphere bacteria in forest canopy play a critical role in maintaining plant health and influencing the global biogeochemical cycle. There is limited research on the community structure of phyllosphere bacteria in natural forests, which creates a gap in our understanding of whether and/or how phyllosphere bacteria are connected to leaf traits of their host. In this study, we investigated the bacterial diversity and composition of the canopy leaves of six dominant tree species in deciduous broad-leaved forests in northeastern China, using high-throughput sequencing. We then compare the differences in phyllosphere bacterial community structure and functional genes of dominant tree species. Fourteen key leaf functional traits of their host trees were also measured according to standard protocols to investigate the relationships between bacterial community composition and leaf functional traits. Our result suggested that tree species with closer evolutionary distances had similar phyllosphere microbial alpha diversity. The dominant phyla of phyllosphere bacteria were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. For these six tree species, the functional genes of phyllosphere bacteria were mainly involved in amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism processes. The redundancy and envfit analysis results showed that the functional traits relating to plant nutrient acquisition and resistance to diseases and pests (such as leaf area, isotope carbon content, and copper content) were the main factors influencing the community structure of phyllosphere bacteria. This study highlights the key role of plant interspecific genetic relationships and plant attributes in shaping phyllosphere bacterial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoqiang Yuan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (Z.Y.); (B.B.)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; (J.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Ji Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; (J.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Fei Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; (J.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Xing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; (J.Y.); (X.W.)
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Teng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road 71, Nanjing 210008, China;
| | - Boyuan Bi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (Z.Y.); (B.B.)
| | - Zikun Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; (J.Y.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shuai Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; (J.Y.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xugao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; (J.Y.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhanqing Hao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (Z.Y.); (B.B.)
| | - Arshad Ali
- Forest Ecology Research Group, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China;
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5
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De Mandal S, Jeon J. Phyllosphere Microbiome in Plant Health and Disease. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3481. [PMID: 37836221 PMCID: PMC10575124 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The phyllosphere refers to the aboveground surface of plants colonized by diverse microorganisms. Microbes inhabiting this environment play an important role in enhancing the host's genomic and metabolic capabilities, including defense against pathogens. Compared to the large volume of studies on rhizosphere microbiome for plant health and defense, our understanding of phyllosphere microbiome remains in its infancy. In this review, we aim to explore the mechanisms that govern the phyllosphere assembly and their function in host defence, as well as highlight the knowledge gaps. These efforts will help develop strategies to harness the phyllosphere microbiome toward sustainable crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junhyun Jeon
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
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6
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Elyamine AM, Wang H, Oummu-Kulthum MAH, Raissa S, Nahdhoit AR, Meng S, Tao P, Hu Z. Mangroves leaves phyllosphere bacteria community and its ability to survive under pyrene stress during the acclimation process. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 187:105920. [PMID: 36931048 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants in general and mangroves in particular can harbor hyper-diverse microorganisms in their different compartments including the phyllosphere area. This study used the leaves of three mangrove species; black mangrove (Avicenia germinans), red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) and mangrove apple (Sonneratia alba) in order to evaluate the phyllosphere epiphytic bacterial community on their leaves surface and assess the ability of some epiphytic bacteria to tolerate and survive under pyrene stress. Through the 16S rRNA genes sequencing, 380203, 405203 and 344863 OTUs were identified respectively in the leaves of mangroves apple, black and red mangroves. The identified OTUs was positively correlated with leaves-wax (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.904), nitrogen (r2 = 0.72), phosphorus content (r2 = 0.62) and the water factor (r2 = 0.93). It was however highly and negatively correlated with the canopy cover (r2 = 0.93). The pyrene degradation rate in the mineral salt medium (MSM) containing pyrene as external stress was different in each mangrove species and varied depending on various factors. Therefore, through the succession culture in MSM, several bacteria strain belonging to Rhizobiales and Enterobacteres were found to be abundant in red mangroves. Bacteria belonging to Bacilliales and Sphingobacteriales were more abundant in mangroves apples and bacteria from Xanthomonadales and Sphingomonadales were more presents in back mangroves. The important finding was to reveal that the black mangrove at the non-submerged substrate, recorded the highest number of OTU, coinciding with its highest leaf's nitrogen and phosphorus content and most importantly, its highest rate of pyrene degradation. The general result of this study join previous research results and get place in the mangrove agenda, as part of a better understanding insight into the role of plant identity in driving the phyllosphere epiphytic microbial community structures in mangrove ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohamed Elyamine
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Microbiology, Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou City, Guangdong, 515063, China; Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Comoros, Moroni, 269, Comoros
| | - Han Wang
- Huanhuai University, Zhumadian, 46000, China
| | | | - Sailine Raissa
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Comoros, Moroni, 269, Comoros
| | - Ahamada Rachid Nahdhoit
- Institute of Graduate Studies, Fundamental and Industrial Microbiology, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler Faith, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Shanshan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Microbiology, Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou City, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Peng Tao
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Microbiology, Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou City, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Zhong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Microbiology, Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou City, Guangdong, 515063, China.
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Postiglione A, Prigioniero A, Zuzolo D, Tartaglia M, Scarano P, Maisto M, Ranauda MA, Sciarrillo R, Thijs S, Vangronsveld J, Guarino C. Quercus ilex Phyllosphere Microbiome Environmental-Driven Structure and Composition Shifts in a Mediterranean Contex. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3528. [PMID: 36559640 PMCID: PMC9782775 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The intra- and interdomain phyllosphere microbiome features of Quercus ilex L. in a Mediterranean context is reported. We hypothesized that the main driver of the phyllosphere microbiome might be the season and that atmospheric pollutants might have a co-effect. Hence, we investigated the composition of epiphytic bacteria and fungi of leaves sampled in urban and natural areas (in Southern Italy) in summer and winter, using microscopy and metagenomic analysis. To assess possible co-effects on the composition of the phyllosphere microbiome, concentrations of particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined from sampled leaves. We found that environmental factors had a significative influence on the phyllosphere biodiversity, altering the taxa relative abundances. Ascomycota and Firmicutes were higher in summer and in urban areas, whereas a significant increase in Proteobacteria was observed in the winter season, with higher abundance in natural areas. Network analysis suggested that OTUs belonging to Acidobacteria, Cytophagia, unkn. Firmicutes(p), Actinobacteria are keystone of the Q. ilex phyllosphere microbiome. In addition, 83 genes coding for 5 enzymes involved in PAH degradation pathways were identified. Given that the phyllosphere microbiome can be considered an extension of the ecosystem services offered by trees, our results can be exploited in the framework of Next-Generation Biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Postiglione
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via de Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Antonello Prigioniero
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via de Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Daniela Zuzolo
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via de Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Maria Tartaglia
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via de Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Scarano
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via de Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Maria Maisto
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via de Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Ranauda
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via de Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Rosaria Sciarrillo
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via de Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Sofie Thijs
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Carmine Guarino
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via de Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
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Ponette-González AG, Chen D, Elderbrock E, Rindy JE, Barrett TE, Luce BW, Lee JH, Ko Y, Weathers KC. Urban edge trees: Urban form and meteorology drive elemental carbon deposition to canopies and soils. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120197. [PMID: 36189483 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Urban tree canopies are a significant sink for atmospheric elemental carbon (EC)--an air pollutant that is a powerful climate-forcing agent and threat to human health. Understanding what controls EC deposition to urban trees is therefore important for evaluating the potential role of vegetation in air pollution mitigation strategies. We estimated wet, dry, and throughfall EC deposition for oak trees at 53 sites in Denton, TX. Spatial data and airborne discrete-return LiDAR were used to compute predictors of EC deposition, including urban form characteristics, and meteorologic and topographic factors. Dry and throughfall EC deposition varied 14-fold across this urban ecosystem and exhibited significant variability from spring to fall. Generalized additive modeling and multiple linear regression analyses showed that urban form strongly influenced tree-scale variability in dry EC deposition: traffic count as well as road length and building height within 100-150 m of trees were positively related to leaf-scale dry deposition. Rainfall amount and extreme wind-driven rain from the direction of major pollution sources were significant drivers of throughfall EC. Our findings indicate that complex configurations of roads, buildings, and vegetation produce "urban edge trees" that contribute to heterogeneous EC deposition patterns across urban systems, with implications for greenspace planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra G Ponette-González
- Department of Geography and the Environment, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305279, Denton, TX 76203, USA.
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Department of Geography, 1251 University of Oregon, Eugene OR 97403-1251, USA
| | - Evan Elderbrock
- Department of Landscape Architecture, 5249 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-5249, USA
| | - Jenna E Rindy
- Department of Geography and the Environment, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305279, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Tate E Barrett
- Department of Geography and the Environment, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305279, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Brett W Luce
- Department of Geography and the Environment, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305279, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Jun-Hak Lee
- Department of Landscape Architecture, 5249 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-5249, USA
| | - Yekang Ko
- Department of Landscape Architecture, 5249 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-5249, USA
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Afridi MS, Javed MA, Ali S, De Medeiros FHV, Ali B, Salam A, Sumaira, Marc RA, Alkhalifah DHM, Selim S, Santoyo G. New opportunities in plant microbiome engineering for increasing agricultural sustainability under stressful conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:899464. [PMID: 36186071 PMCID: PMC9524194 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.899464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Plant microbiome (or phytomicrobiome) engineering (PME) is an anticipated untapped alternative strategy that could be exploited for plant growth, health and productivity under different environmental conditions. It has been proven that the phytomicrobiome has crucial contributions to plant health, pathogen control and tolerance under drastic environmental (a)biotic constraints. Consistent with plant health and safety, in this article we address the fundamental role of plant microbiome and its insights in plant health and productivity. We also explore the potential of plant microbiome under environmental restrictions and the proposition of improving microbial functions that can be supportive for better plant growth and production. Understanding the crucial role of plant associated microbial communities, we propose how the associated microbial actions could be enhanced to improve plant growth-promoting mechanisms, with a particular emphasis on plant beneficial fungi. Additionally, we suggest the possible plant strategies to adapt to a harsh environment by manipulating plant microbiomes. However, our current understanding of the microbiome is still in its infancy, and the major perturbations, such as anthropocentric actions, are not fully understood. Therefore, this work highlights the importance of manipulating the beneficial plant microbiome to create more sustainable agriculture, particularly under different environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Ammar Javed
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sher Ali
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Baber Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Salam
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sumaira
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Romina Alina Marc
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dalal Hussien M. Alkhalifah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gustavo Santoyo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
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10
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Anguita-Maeso M, Haro C, Navas-Cortés JA, Landa BB. Primer Choice and Xylem-Microbiome-Extraction Method Are Important Determinants in Assessing Xylem Bacterial Community in Olive Trees. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1320. [PMID: 35631745 PMCID: PMC9144944 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the unique and unexplored microbial environment of xylem sap is starting to be of relevant importance for plant health, as it could include microbes that may protect plants against xylem-limited pathogens, such as Verticillium dahliae and Xylella fastidiosa. In this study, we evaluated the effects that the method for extracting the xylem bacterial communities, the plant age and the PCR primers may have on characterizing the xylem-bacterial-community composition by using an NGS approach. Xylem sap was extracted from xylem vessels by using a Scholander pressure chamber, or by macerating wood shavings that were obtained from xylem tissues by using branches from 10-year-old olive trees, or the entire canopy of 1-year-old olive plantlets. Additionally, we compared four different PCR-primer pairs that target 16S rRNA for their efficacy to avoid the coamplification of mitochondria and chloroplast 16S rRNA, as this represents an important drawback in metabarcoding studies. The highest amplifications in the mitochondria and chloroplast reads were obtained when using xylem woody chips with the PCR1-799F/1062R (76.05%) and PCR3-967F/1391R (99.96%) primer pairs. To the contrary, the PCR2-799F/1115R and PCR4-799F/1193R primer pairs showed the lowest mitochondria 16S rRNA amplification (<27.48%), no chloroplast sequences and the highest numbers of bacterial OTUs identified (i.e., 254 and 266, respectively). Interestingly, only 73 out of 172 and 46 out of 181 genera were shared between the xylem sap and woody chips after amplification with PCR2 or PCR4 primers, respectively, which indicates a strong bias of the bacterial-community description, depending on the primers used. Globally, the most abundant bacterial genera (>60% of reads) included Anoxybacillus, Cutibacterium, Pseudomonas, Spirosoma, Methylobacterium-Methylorubrum and Sphingomonas; however, their relative importance varied, depending on the matrix that was used for the DNA extraction and the primer pairs that were used, with the lowest effect due to plant age. These results will help to optimize the analysis of xylem-inhabiting bacteria, depending on whether whole xylematic tissue or xylem sap is used for the DNA extraction. More importantly, it will help to better understand the driving and modifying factors that shape the olive-xylem-bacterial-community composition.
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11
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Ding C, Zhang W, Wang Y, Ding M, Wang X, Li A, Liang D, Su X. Study on the differences of phyllosphere microorganisms between poplar hybrid offspring and their parents. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12915. [PMID: 35310169 PMCID: PMC8932310 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The females and males of dioecious plants have evolved sex-specific characteristics in terms of their morphological and physiological properties. However, the differentiation of phyllosphere microorganism of dioecious plants between parents and hybrid offspring remain largely unexplored. Here, the phyllosphere bacterial and fungal community diversity and composition of female (Populus nigra 'DH5' (PNDH5)), male (P. simonii 'DH4' (PSDH4)), and the hybrid offspring (P. simonii × P. nigra 'DH1' (PSPNDH1), P. simonii × P. nigra 'DH2' (PSPNDH2), P. simonii × P. nigra 'DH3' (PSPNDH3)) were investigated using 16S rDNA/ITS rDNA gene-based Illumina NovaSeq 6000 sequencing. There was considerable variation of plant height, diameter at breast height, leaf area, length of petioles, leaf moisture content, and starch among different samples, and PSDH2 owned the highest plant height, diameter at breast height, and length of petioles. No distinct differences of phyllosphere bacterial community diversity were observed among PSDH4, PNDH5, PSPNDH1, PSPNDH2, and PSPNDH3; while, PSPNDH2 owned the highest fungal Pielou_e index, Shannon index, and Simpson index. Firmicutes and Ascomycota were the predominant phyllosphere bacterial and fungal community at the phylum level, respectively. Bacilli and Gammaproteobacteria were the two most dominant bacterial classes regardless of parent and the hybrid offspring. The predominant phyllosphere fungal community was Dothideomycetes at the class level. The NMDS demonstrated that phyllosphere microbial community obviously differed between parents and offspring, while the phyllosphere microbial community presented some similarities under different hybrid progeny. Also, leaf characteristics contributed to the differentiation of phyllosphere bacterial and fungal communities between parents and hybrid offspring. These results highlighted the discrimination of phyllosphere microorganisms on parent and hybrid offspring, which provided clues to potential host-related species in the phyllosphere environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Weixi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Mi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojiang Wang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Aiping Li
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Dejun Liang
- Liaoning Provincial Poplar Institute, Gaizhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaohua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
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12
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Perreault R, Laforest-Lapointe I. Plant-microbe interactions in the phyllosphere: facing challenges of the anthropocene. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:339-345. [PMID: 34522008 PMCID: PMC8776876 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-01109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Global change is a defining feature of the Anthropocene, the current human-dominated epoch, and poses imminent threats to ecosystem dynamics and services such as plant productivity, biodiversity, and environmental regulation. In this era, terrestrial ecosystems are experiencing perturbations linked to direct habitat modifications as well as indirect effects of global change on species distribution and extreme abiotic conditions. Microorganisms represent an important reservoir of biodiversity that can influence macro-organisms as they face habitat loss, rising atmospheric CO2 concentration, pollution, global warming, and increased frequency of drought. Plant-microbe interactions in the phyllosphere have been shown to support plant growth and increase host resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we review how plant-microbe interactions in the phyllosphere can influence host survival and fitness in the context of global change. We highlight evidence that plant-microbe interactions (1) improve urban pollution remediation through the degradation of pollutants such as ultrafine particulate matter, black carbon, and atmospheric hydrocarbons, (2) have contrasting impacts on plant species range shifts through the loss of symbionts or pathogens, and (3) drive plant host adaptation to drought and warming. Finally, we discuss how key community ecology processes could drive plant-microbe interactions facing challenges of the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaëlle Perreault
- grid.86715.3d0000 0000 9064 6198Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1 Canada
| | - Isabelle Laforest-Lapointe
- grid.86715.3d0000 0000 9064 6198Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1 Canada ,grid.86715.3d0000 0000 9064 6198Centre Sève, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1 Canada
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13
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Diversity and Source of Airborne Microbial Communities at Differential Polluted Sites of Rome. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic fraction of airborne PM10 which includes bacteria, viruses, fungi and pollens, has been proposed as one of the potential causes of the PM10 toxicity. The present study aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the microbial community variations associated to PM10, and their main local sources in the surrounding environment in three urban sites of Rome, characterized by differential pollution rate: green area, residential area and polluted area close to the traffic roads. We combined high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, with detailed chemical analysis of particulate matter sampled from air, paved road surfaces and leaf surfaces of Quercus ilex. Our results demonstrated that bacterial and fungal airborne communities were characterized by the highest alpha-diversity and grouped separately from epiphytic and road dust communities. The reconstruction of source-sink relationships revealed that the resuspension/deposition of road dust from traffic might contribute to the maximum magnitude of microbial exchanges. The relative abundance of extremotolerant microbes was found to be enhanced in epiphytic communities and was associated to a progressively increase of pollution levels as well as opportunistic human pathogenicity in fungal communities.
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14
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Huang Y, Wang HC, Cai LT, Li W, Pan D, Xiang L, Su X, Li Z, Adil MF, Shamsi IH. Phyllospheric Microbial Composition and Diversity of the Tobacco Leaves Infected by Didymella segeticola. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:699699. [PMID: 34721315 PMCID: PMC8551862 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.699699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A Myriad of biotic and abiotic factors inevitably affects the growth and production of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), which is a model crop and sought-after worldwide for its foliage. Among the various impacts the level of disease severity poses on plants, the influence on the dynamics of phyllospheric microbial diversity is of utmost importance. In China, recurring reports of a phyto-pathogen, Didymella segeticola, a causal agent of tobacco leaf spot, accentuate the need for its in-depth investigation. Here, a high-throughput sequencing technique, IonS5TMXL was employed to analyze tobacco leaves infected by D. segeticola at different disease severity levels, ranging from T1G (least disease index) to T4G (highest disease index), in an attempt to explore the composition and diversity of phyllospheric microbiota. In all healthy and diseased tobacco leaves, the most dominant fungal phylum was Ascomycota with a high prevalence of genus Didymella, followed by Boeremia, Meyerozyma and Alternaria, whereas in the case of bacterial phyla, Proteobacteria was prominent with Pseudomonas being a predominant genus, followed by Pantoea. The relative abundance of fungi, i.e., Didymella and Boeremia (Ascomycota) and bacteria, i.e., Pseudomonas and Pantoea (Proteobacteria) were higher in diseased groups compared to healthy groups. Healthy tissues exhibited relatively rich and diverse fungal communities in contrast with diseased groups. The infection of D. segeticola had a complex and significant effect on fungal as well as bacterial alpha diversity. FUNGuild analysis indicated that the relative abundance of pathotrophs and saprotrophs in diseased tissues proportionally increased with disease severity. PICRUSt analysis of diseased tissues indicated that the relative abundance of bacterial cell motility and membrane transport-related gene sequences elevated with an increase in disease severity from T1G to T3G and then tended to decrease at T4G. Conclusively, the current study shows the typical characteristics of the tobacco leaf microbiome and provides insights into the distinct microbiome shifts on tobacco leaves infected by D. segeticola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- Upland Flue-Cured Tobacco Quality and Ecology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, China.,College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Han-Cheng Wang
- Upland Flue-Cured Tobacco Quality and Ecology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, China
| | - Liu-Ti Cai
- Upland Flue-Cured Tobacco Quality and Ecology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenhong Li
- Guizhou Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Daiwei Pan
- Faculty of Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Ligang Xiang
- Upland Flue-Cured Tobacco Quality and Ecology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, China.,College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiankun Su
- Upland Flue-Cured Tobacco Quality and Ecology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhong Li
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Muhammad Faheem Adil
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Imran Haider Shamsi
- Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Molina L, Segura A. Biochemical and Metabolic Plant Responses toward Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals Present in Atmospheric Pollution. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2305. [PMID: 34834668 PMCID: PMC8622723 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic components of atmospheric particles. These pollutants induce a wide variety of responses in plants, leading to tolerance or toxicity. Their effects on plants depend on many different environmental conditions, not only the type and concentration of contaminant, temperature or soil pH, but also on the physiological or genetic status of the plant. The main detoxification process in plants is the accumulation of the contaminant in vacuoles or cell walls. PAHs are normally transformed by enzymatic plant machinery prior to conjugation and immobilization; heavy metals are frequently chelated by some molecules, with glutathione, phytochelatins and metallothioneins being the main players in heavy metal detoxification. Besides these detoxification mechanisms, the presence of contaminants leads to the production of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the dynamic of ROS production and detoxification renders different outcomes in different scenarios, from cellular death to the induction of stress resistances. ROS responses have been extensively studied; the complexity of the ROS response and the subsequent cascade of effects on phytohormones and metabolic changes, which depend on local concentrations in different organelles and on the lifetime of each ROS species, allow the plant to modulate its responses to different environmental clues. Basic knowledge of plant responses toward pollutants is key to improving phytoremediation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lázaro Molina
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, C.S.I.C., Calle Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain;
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16
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Ambient Air Pollution Shapes Bacterial and Fungal Ivy Leaf Communities. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102088. [PMID: 34683409 PMCID: PMC8540654 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ambient air pollution exerts deleterious effects on our environment. Continuously exposed to the atmosphere, diverse communities of microorganisms thrive on leaf surfaces, the phylloplane. The composition of these communities is dynamic, responding to many environmental factors including ambient air pollution. In this field study, over a 2 year period, we sampled Hedera helix (ivy) leaves at six locations exposed to different ambient air pollution conditions. Daily, we monitored ambient black carbon (BC), PM2.5, PM10, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone concentrations and found that ambient air pollution led to a 2–7-fold BC increase on leaves, the phylloplane BC load. Our results further indicated that the phylloplane BC load correlates with the diversity of bacterial and fungal leaf communities, impacting diversity more than seasonal effects. The bacterial genera Novosphingobium, Hymenobacter, and Methylorubrum, and the fungal genus Ampelomyces were indicators for communities exposed to the highest phylloplane BC load. Parallel to this, we present one fungal and two bacterial phylloplane strains isolated from an air-polluted environment able to degrade benzene, toluene, and/or xylene, including a genomics-based description of the degradation pathways involved. The findings of this study suggest that ambient air pollution shapes microbial leaf communities, by affecting diversity and supporting members able to degrade airborne pollutants.
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17
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Phyllosphere Community Assembly and Response to Drought Stress on Common Tropical and Temperate Forage Grasses. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0089521. [PMID: 34161142 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00895-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Grasslands represent a critical ecosystem important for global food production, soil carbon storage, and water regulation. Current intensification and expansion practices add to the degradation of grasslands and dramatically increase greenhouse gas emissions and pollution. Thus, new ways to sustain and improve their productivity are needed. Research efforts focus on the plant-leaf microbiome, or phyllosphere, because its microbial members impact ecosystem function by influencing pathogen resistance, plant hormone production, and nutrient availability through processes including nitrogen fixation. However, little is known about grassland phyllospheres and their response to environmental stress. In this study, globally dominant temperate and tropical forage grass species were grown in a greenhouse under current climate conditions and drought conditions that mimic future climate predictions to understand if (i) plant host taxa influence microbial community assembly, (ii) microbial communities respond to drought stress, and (iii) phyllosphere community changes correlate to changes in plant host traits and stress-response strategies. Community analysis using high-resolution sequencing revealed Gammaproteobacteria as the dominant bacterial class, which increased under severe drought stress on both temperate and tropical grasses while overall bacterial community diversity declined. Bacterial community diversity, structure, and response to drought were significantly different between grass species. This community dependence on plant host species correlated with differences in grass species traits, which became more defined under drought stress conditions, suggesting symbiotic evolutionary relationships between plant hosts and their associated microbial community. Further understanding these strategies and the functions microbes provide to plants will help us utilize microbes to promote agricultural and ecosystem productivity in the future. IMPORTANCE Globally important grassland ecosystems are at risk of degradation due to poor management practices compounded by predicted increases in severity and duration of drought over the next century. Finding new ways to support grassland productivity is critical to maintaining their ecological and agricultural benefits. Discerning how grassland microbial communities change in response to climate stress will help us understand how plant-microbe relationships may be useful to sustainably support grasslands in the future. In this study, phyllosphere community diversity and composition were significantly altered under drought conditions. The significance of our research is demonstrating how severe climate stress reduces bacterial community diversity, which previously was directly associated with decreased plant productivity. These findings guide future questions about functional plant-microbe interactions under stress conditions, greatly enhancing our understanding of how bacteria can increase food security by promoting grassland growth and resilience.
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18
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Souza FFC, Mathai PP, Pauliquevis T, Balsanelli E, Pedrosa FO, Souza EM, Baura VA, Monteiro RA, Cruz LM, Souza RAF, Andreae MO, Barbosa CGG, de Angelis IH, Sánchez-Parra B, Pӧhlker C, Weber B, Ruff E, Reis RA, Godoi RHM, Sadowsky MJ, Huergo LF. Influence of seasonality on the aerosol microbiome of the Amazon rainforest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 760:144092. [PMID: 33341626 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Amazon rainforest is the world's largest tropical forest, and this biome may be a significant contributor to primary biological aerosol (PBA) emissions on a global scale. These aerosols also play a pivotal role in modulating ecosystem dynamics, dispersing biological material over geographic barriers and influencing climate through radiation absorption, light scattering, or acting as cloud condensation nuclei. Despite their importance, there are limited studies investigating the effect of environmental variables on the bioaerosol composition in the Amazon rainforest. Here we present a 16S rRNA gene-based amplicon sequencing approach to investigate the bacterial microbiome in aerosols of the Amazon rainforest during distinct seasons and at different heights above the ground. Our data revealed that seasonal changes in temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation are the primary drivers of compositional changes in the Amazon rainforest aerosol microbiome. Interestingly, no significant differences were observed in the bacterial community composition of aerosols collected at ground and canopy levels. The core airborne bacterial families present in Amazon aerosol were Enterobacteriaceae, Beijerinckiaceae, Polyangiaceae, Bacillaceae and Ktedonobacteraceae. By correlating the bacterial taxa identified in the aerosol with literature data, we speculate that the phyllosphere may be one possible source of airborne bacteria in the Amazon rainforest. Results of this study indicate that the aerosol microbiota of the Amazon Rainforest are fairly diverse and principally impacted by seasonal changes in temperature and humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prince P Mathai
- Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Eduardo Balsanelli
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Fabio O Pedrosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Emanuel M Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Valter A Baura
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Rose A Monteiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M Cruz
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A F Souza
- Meteorology Department, State University of Amazonas - UEA, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Meinrat O Andreae
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cybelli G G Barbosa
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - Christopher Pӧhlker
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bettina Weber
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany; Institut für Biologie, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Emil Ruff
- Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, USA; J Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, USA
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19
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Stevens V, Thijs S, Vangronsveld J. Diversity and plant growth-promoting potential of (un)culturable bacteria in the Hedera helix phylloplane. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:66. [PMID: 33639859 PMCID: PMC7912551 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A diverse community of microbes naturally exists on the phylloplane, the surface of leaves. It is one of the most prevalent microbial habitats on earth and bacteria are the most abundant members, living in communities that are highly dynamic. Today, one of the key challenges for microbiologists is to develop strategies to culture the vast diversity of microorganisms that have been detected in metagenomic surveys. Results We isolated bacteria from the phylloplane of Hedera helix (common ivy), a widespread evergreen, using five growth media: Luria–Bertani (LB), LB01, yeast extract–mannitol (YMA), yeast extract–flour (YFlour), and YEx. We also included a comparison with the uncultured phylloplane, which we showed to be dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. Inter-sample (beta) diversity shifted from LB and LB01 containing the highest amount of resources to YEx, YMA, and YFlour which are more selective. All growth media equally favoured Actinobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria, whereas Bacteroidetes could only be found on LB01, YEx, and YMA. LB and LB01 favoured Firmicutes and YFlour was most selective for Betaproteobacteria. At the genus level, LB favoured the growth of Bacillus and Stenotrophomonas, while YFlour was most selective for Burkholderia and Curtobacterium. The in vitro plant growth promotion (PGP) profile of 200 isolates obtained in this study indicates that previously uncultured bacteria from the phylloplane may have potential applications in phytoremediation and other plant-based biotechnologies. Conclusions This study gives first insights into the total bacterial community of the H. helix phylloplane, including an evaluation of its culturability using five different growth media. We further provide a collection of 200 bacterial isolates underrepresented in current databases, including the characterization of PGP profiles. Here we highlight the potential of simple strategies to obtain higher microbial diversity from environmental samples and the use of high-throughput sequencing to guide isolate selection from a variety of growth media. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02119-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Stevens
- Center for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Sofie Thijs
- Center for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Center for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium. .,Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland.
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20
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Herrmann M, Geesink P, Richter R, Küsel K. Canopy Position Has a Stronger Effect than Tree Species Identity on Phyllosphere Bacterial Diversity in a Floodplain Hardwood Forest. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 81:157-168. [PMID: 32761502 PMCID: PMC7794210 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01565-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The phyllosphere is a challenging microbial habitat in which microorganisms can flourish on organic carbon released by plant leaves but are also exposed to harsh environmental conditions. Here, we assessed the relative importance of canopy position-top, mid, and bottom at a height between 31 and 20 m-and tree species identity for shaping the phyllosphere microbiome in a floodplain hardwood forest. Leaf material was sampled from three tree species-maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.), oak (Quercus robur L.), and linden (Tilia cordata MILL.)-at the Leipzig canopy crane facility (Germany). Estimated bacterial species richness (Chao1) and bacterial abundances approximated by quantitative PCR of 16S rRNA genes exhibited clear vertical trends with a strong increase from the top to the mid and bottom position of the canopy. Thirty operational taxonomic units (OTUs) formed the core microbiome, which accounted for 77% of all sequence reads. These core OTUs showed contrasting trends in their vertical distribution within the canopy, pointing to different ecological preferences and tolerance to presumably more extreme conditions at the top position of the canopy. Co-occurrence analysis revealed distinct tree species-specific OTU networks, and 55-57% of the OTUs were unique to each tree species. Overall, the phyllosphere microbiome harbored surprisingly high fractions of Actinobacteria of up to 66%. Our results clearly demonstrate strong effects of the position in the canopy on phyllosphere bacterial communities in a floodplain hardwood forest and-in contrast to other temperate or tropical forests-a strong predominance of Actinobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Herrmann
- Institute of Biodiversity, Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Strasse 159, D-07743, Jena, Germany.
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Patricia Geesink
- Institute of Biodiversity, Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Strasse 159, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ronny Richter
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute for Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing, Institute of Geography, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 19a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kirsten Küsel
- Institute of Biodiversity, Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Strasse 159, D-07743, Jena, Germany
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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21
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Bao L, Gu L, Sun B, Cai W, Zhang S, Zhuang G, Bai Z, Zhuang X. Seasonal variation of epiphytic bacteria in the phyllosphere of Gingko biloba, Pinus bungeana and Sabina chinensis. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5719566. [PMID: 32005997 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phyllosphere harbors diverse microorganisms, which influence plant growth and health. In order to understand the extent to which environmental factors affect epiphytic microbial communities, we characterized microbial communities on leaves of three separate tree species present on the college campus, and also present within a forest park over two seasons. Quantitative PCR analysis showed the quantity of 16S rRNA genes was lower in May compared with October, while the abundances of functional genes (nifH and bacterial amoA genes) were extremely high in May. High-throughput sequencing revealed a large variation in the diversity and composition of bacterial and diazotrophic communities over the two seasons, and showed the abundance of functional genera, such as Nocardioides, Bacillus and Zoogloea were significantly elevated in May. In addition, xenobiotic biodegradation pathways of bacterial communities were clearly elevated in May. Network analysis showed the correlations between phyllospheric bacteria in May were more complex than that in October and showed greater negative correlations. These results were consistent in all tree species in this study. This study showed that phyllospheric bacteria varied greatly in different seasons, which implies that different growing seasons should be considered in the exploitation of the interactions between phyllospheric microorganisms and host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Bao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Likun Gu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou 451191, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenyang Cai
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhihui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuliang Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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22
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Mukhopadhyay S, Dutta R, Das P. A critical review on plant biomonitors for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air through solvent extraction techniques. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 251:126441. [PMID: 32443242 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are hydrocarbons having two or more fused aromatic rings, released from natural (like forest fires and volcanic eruption) as well as man-made sources (like burning of fossil fuel & wood, automobile emission). They are persistent priority pollutants and continue to last for a long time in the environment causing severe damage to human health owing to their genotoxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. The study of PAHs in environment has therefore aroused a global concern. PAHs adsorption to plant cell wall is facilitated by transpiration and plant root lipids which help PAHs transfer from roots to leaves and stalks, causing more accumulation of contaminants with the increase in lipid content. Hence, these bioaccumulators can be utilized as biomonitors for indirect assessment of ambient air pollution. Efficacy of specific plants, lichens and mosses as useful biomonitors of airborne PAHs pollution has been discussed in this review along with prevalent classical and modified extraction techniques coupled with proper analytical procedures in order to gain an insight into the assessment of atmospheric PAHs concentrations. Different modern and modified solvent extraction techniques along with conventional Soxhlet method are identified for extraction of PAHs from accumulative bioindicators and analytical methods are also developed for accurate determination of PAHs. Process parameters like choice of solvent, temperature, time of extraction, pressure and matrix characteristics are usually checked. An approach of biomonitoring of PAHs using plants, lichens and mosses has been discussed here as they usually trap the atmospheric PAHs and mineralize them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shritama Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Ratna Dutta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Papita Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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23
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Franzetti A, Gandolfi I, Bestetti G, Padoa Schioppa E, Canedoli C, Brambilla D, Cappelletti D, Sebastiani B, Federici E, Papacchini M, Ambrosini R. Plant-microorganisms interaction promotes removal of air pollutants in Milan (Italy) urban area. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121021. [PMID: 31581017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants and phyllosphere microorganisms may effectively contribute to reducing air pollution in cities through the adsorption and biodegradation of pollutants onto leaves. In this work, during all seasons, we sampled atmospheric particulate matter (PM10) and leaves of southern magnolia Magnolia grandiflora and deodar cedar Cedrus deodara, two evergreen plant species widespread in the urban area of Milan where the study was carried out. We then quantified Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) both in PM10 and on leaves and used sequencing of 16S rRNA gene, shotgun metagenomics and qPCR analyses to investigate the microbial communities hosted by the sampled leaves. Taxonomic and functional profiles of epiphytic bacterial communities differed between host plant species and seasons and the microbial communities on leaves harboured genes involved in the degradation of hydrocarbons. Evidence collected in this work also suggested that the abundance of hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms on evergreen leaves increased with the concentration of hydrocarbons when atmospheric pollutants were deposited at high concentration on leaves, and that the biodegradation on the phyllosphere can contribute to the removal of PAHs from the urban air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Franzetti
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.
| | - Isabella Gandolfi
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Bestetti
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Emilio Padoa Schioppa
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudia Canedoli
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Diego Brambilla
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - David Cappelletti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Bartolomeo Sebastiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ermanno Federici
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maddalena Papacchini
- INAIL, Settore Ricerca, Certificazione e Verifica, Dipartimento di Innovazione Tecnologica (DIT), Laboratorio di Biotecnologie, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Ambrosini
- Dept. of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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24
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Leveau JH. A brief from the leaf: latest research to inform our understanding of the phyllosphere microbiome. Curr Opin Microbiol 2019; 49:41-49. [PMID: 31707206 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The plant leaf surface, or phyllosphere, represents a unique and challenging microbial biome with a diverse and dynamic community of commensal, parasitic, and mutualistic agents of microscopic proportions. This mini-review offers a digest of recently published research dedicated to the study of phyllosphere microbiota, framed in the context of processes and outcomes of microbial community assembly, structure, and (inter)activity in the phyllosphere, with particular focus on the contributions of environment, plant, and microbe, and on the potential benefits of interrogating those contributions at finer resolutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Hj Leveau
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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