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Amatto IVDS, Simões FADO, Garzon NGDR, Marciano CL, Silva RRD, Cabral H. Response of Fusarium oxysporum soil isolate to amphotericin B and fluconazole at the proteomic level. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01417-8. [PMID: 38954219 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum is a cross-kingdom pathogen that infects humans, animals, and plants. The primary concern regarding this genus revolves around its resistance profile to multiple classes of antifungals, particularly azoles. However, the resistance mechanism employed by Fusarium spp. is not fully understood, thus necessitating further studies to enhance our understanding and to guide future research towards identifying new drug targets. Here, we employed an untargeted proteomic approach to assess the differentially expressed proteins in a soil isolate of Fusarium oxysporum URM7401 cultivated in the presence of amphotericin B and fluconazole. In response to antifungals, URM7401 activated diverse interconnected pathways, such as proteins involved in oxidative stress response, proteolysis, and lipid metabolism. Efflux proteins, antioxidative enzymes and M35 metallopeptidase were highly expressed under amphotericin B exposure. Antioxidant proteins acting on toxic lipids, along with proteins involved in lipid metabolism, were expressed during fluconazole exposure. In summary, this work describes the protein profile of a resistant Fusarium oxysporum soil isolate exposed to medical antifungals, paving the way for further targeted research and discovering new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V da S Amatto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - F A de O Simões
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - N G da R Garzon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - C L Marciano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - R R da Silva
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - H Cabral
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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Li Y, Dai T, Tang Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Huang Z, Li F, Lu L, Miao J, Liu X. Inhibitory activity to Fusarium spp. and control potential for wheat Fusarium crown rot of a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor cyclobutrifluram. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:2001-2010. [PMID: 38096203 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is a serious problem primarily caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum, a pathogenic agent known to produce mycotoxins, including deoxynivalenol (DON). Cyclobutrifluram, a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor devised by Syngenta, has immense potential to control both nematodes and Fusarium diseases. However, its efficacy in combating Fusarium species, its ability to prevent and reverse the detrimental effects of FCR, and its impact on the production of DON by F. pseudograminearum are yet to be fully ascertained. RESULTS Cyclobutrifluram exhibited substantial inhibitory activity against Fusarium species, with half-maximal effective concentration values ranging from 0.0021-0.0647 μg mL-1 . It demonstrated significant inhibitory activity toward three developmental stages of F. pseudograminearum, F. graminearum and F. asiaticum. Furthermore, cyclobutrifluram showed both protective and curative activities against FCR and was rapidly absorbed by roots and transported to wheat stems and leaves. Cyclobutrifluram could also decrease DON production by F. pseudograminearum. CONCLUSION This investigation has revealed the potential of cyclobutrifluram as a formidable candidate fungicide, particularly in its ability to effectively combat FCR and other Fusarium-related ailments. This novel compound has exceptional pathogen-fighting capabilities, coupled with remarkable systemic translocation properties and a notable ability to reduce the production of DON. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tan Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yidong Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xixi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhongqiao Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Li
- Syngenta (China) Investment Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Lu
- Syngenta (China) Investment Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqiang Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xili Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Li G, Ru B, Zhang L, Li Y, Gao X, Peng Q, Miao J, Liu X. Mefentrifluconazole-Resistant Risk and Resistance-Related Point Mutation in FpCYP51B of Fusarium pseudograminearum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:1516-1526. [PMID: 38194482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Mefentrifluconazole, a triazole fungicide, exhibits remarkable efficacy in combating Fusarium spp. The mean EC50 value of mefentrifluconazole against 124 isolates of Fusarium pseudograminearum was determined to be 1.06 μg/mL in this study. Fungicide taming produced five mefentrifluconazole-resistant mutants with resistance factors ranging from 19.21 to 111.34. Compared to the original parental isolates, the fitness of three resistant mutants was much lower, while the remaining two mutants displayed enhanced survival fitness. There was evidence of positive cross-resistance between tebuconazole and mefentrifluconazole. Mefentrifluconazole resistance in F. pseudograminearum can be conferred by FpCYP51BL144F, which was identified in four mutants according to molecular docking and site-directed transformation experiments. Overexpression of FpCYP51s was also detected in the resistant mutants. In conclusion, mefentrifluconazole has a low-to-medium resistance risk in F. pseudograminearum, and the L144F mutation in FpCYP51B and the increased expression level of FpCYP51s may be responsible for mefentrifluconazole resistance in F. pseudograminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Binglu Ru
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Qin Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianqiang Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Xili Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuanxi Road, Beijing 100193, China
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Dong D, Huang R, Hu Y, Yang X, Xu D, Jiang Z. Assessment of Candidate Reference Genes for Gene Expression Studies Using RT-qPCR in Colletotrichum fructicola from Litchi. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2216. [PMID: 38137037 PMCID: PMC10743022 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is a tropical fruit originating from southern China that is currently cultivated in subtropical and tropical regions worldwide. Litchi anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum fructicola, a dominant species of Colletotrichum spp., is an important disease of litchi that damages the fruits in fields and in post-harvest storage. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is a common technique with which to detect the expression of and function of target genes quickly and precisely, and stable reference genes are crucial. However, there is no comprehensive information on suitable reference genes of C. fructicola present. Here, we designed eight candidate genes (GAPDH, α-tubulin, 18S, β-tubulin, EF1a, TATA, RPS5, and EF3) using RefFinder software (programs: geNorm, ΔCt, BestKeeper, and NormFinder) to investigate their reliability in the detection of C. fructicola under five different treatments (fungal development stage, temperature, UV, culture medium, and fungicide). The results showed the optimal reference genes under different conditions: EF1a and α-tubulin for developmental stage; α-tubulin and β-tubulin for temperature; α-tubulin and RPS5 for UV treatment; RPS5 and α-tubulin for culture medium; α-tubulin, GAPDH, and TATA for fungicide treatments. The corresponding expression patterns of HSP70 (Heat shock protein 70) were significantly different when the most and the least stable reference genes were selected when treated under different conditions. Our study provides the first detailed list of optimal reference genes for the analysis of gene expression in C. fructicola via RT-qPCR, which should be useful for future functional studies of target genes in C. fructicola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingming Dong
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (D.D.); (R.H.)
- Department of Plant Pathology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.H.); (X.Y.)
| | - Rong Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (D.D.); (R.H.)
| | - Yuzhuan Hu
- Department of Plant Pathology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.H.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xinyan Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.H.); (X.Y.)
| | - Dagao Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.H.); (X.Y.)
| | - Zide Jiang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (D.D.); (R.H.)
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Li Y, Wang Y, Li X, Fan H, Gao X, Peng Q, Li F, Lu L, Miao J, Liu X. Resistant risk and resistance-related point mutation in SdhC 1 of pydiflumetofen in Fusarium pseudograminearum. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:4197-4207. [PMID: 37326415 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusarium pseudograminearum is one of the dominant pathogens of Fusarium crown rot (FCR) worldwide. Unfortunately, no fungicides have yet been registered for the control of FCR in wheat in China. Pydiflumetofen, a new-generation succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, exhibits excellent inhibitory activity to Fusarium spp. A resistance risk assessment of F. pseudograminearum to pydiflumetofen and the resistance mechanism involved have not yet been investigated. RESULTS The median effective concentration (EC50 ) value of 103 F. pseudograminearum isolates to pydiflumetofen was 0.0162 μg mL-1 , and the sensitivity exhibited a unimodal distribution. Four resistant mutants were generated by fungicide adaption, which possessed similar or impaired fitness compared to corresponding parental isolates based on the results of mycelial growth, conidiation, conidium germination rate, and virulence determination. Pydiflumetofen showed strong positive cross-resistance with cyclobutrifluram and fluopyram but no cross-resistance with carbendazim, phenamacril, tebuconazole, fludioxonil, or pyraclostrobin. Sequence alignment revealed that pydiflumetofen-resistant F. pseudograminearum mutants had two single-point mutations of A83V or R86K in FpSdhC1 . Molecular docking further confirmed that point mutation of A83V or R86K in FpSdhC1 could confer resistance of F. pseudograminearum to pydiflumetofen. CONCLUSION Fusarium pseudograminearum shows an overall moderate risk of developing resistance to pydiflumetofen, and point mutation FpSdhC1 A83V or FpSdhC1 R86K could confer pydiflumetofen resistance in F. pseudograminearum. This study provided vital data for monitoring the emergence of resistance and developing resistance management strategies for pydiflumetofen. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hengjun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xuheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Plant Protection and Development, Syngenta (China) Investment Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Lu
- Department of Plant Protection and Development, Syngenta (China) Investment Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqiang Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Li Y, Tang Y, Xue Z, Wang Y, Shi Y, Gao X, Li X, Li G, Li F, Lu L, Miao J, Liu X. Resistance Risk and Resistance-Related Point Mutation in SdhB and SdhC 1 of Cyclobutrifluram in Fusarium pseudograminearum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:1886-1895. [PMID: 36657474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cyclobutrifluram is a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) developed by Syngenta and helps to inhibit Fusarium pseudograminearum. Here, the potential for cyclobutrifluram resistance in F. pseudograminearum and the resistance mechanism involved were evaluated. Baseline sensitivity of F. pseudograminearum to cyclobutrifluram was determined with a mean EC50 value of 0.0248 μg/mL. Fungicide adaption generated five resistant mutants, which possess a comparable or a slightly impaired fitness compared to corresponding parental isolates. This indicates that the resistance risk of F. pseudograminearum to cyclobutrifluram might be moderate. Cyclobutrifluram-resistant isolates also demonstrated resistance to pydiflumetofen but sensitivity to carbendazim, phenamacril, tebuconazole, fludioxonil, or pyraclostrobin. Additionally, point mutations H248Y in FpSdhB and A83V or R86K in FpSdhC1 were found in cyclobutrifluram-resistant F. pseudograminearum mutants. Molecular docking and overexpression transformation assay revealed that FpSdhBH248Y and FpSdhC1A83V or FpSdhC1R86K confer the resistance of F. pseudograminearum to cyclobutrifluram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling712100, ShaanxiChina
| | - Yidong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling712100, ShaanxiChina
| | - Ziwei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling712100, ShaanxiChina
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling712100, ShaanxiChina
| | - Yifei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling712100, ShaanxiChina
| | - Xuheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling712100, ShaanxiChina
| | - Xiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling712100, ShaanxiChina
| | - Guixiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling712100, ShaanxiChina
| | - Feng Li
- Syngenta (China) Investment Co., Ltd., 567 Bocheng Road, Shanghai200120, China
| | - Liang Lu
- Syngenta (China) Investment Co., Ltd., 567 Bocheng Road, Shanghai200120, China
| | - Jianqiang Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling712100, ShaanxiChina
| | - Xili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling712100, ShaanxiChina
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuanxi Road, Beijing100193, China
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Zhang M, Wang A, Zhang C, Xu F, Liu W, Fan J, Ma Z, Zhou Y. Key infection stages defending heat stress in high-temperature-resistant Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici isolates. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1045796. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1045796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increase of temperature in the winter wheat-growing regions in China, the high-temperature-resistant Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) isolates developed in the fields. To clarify the key infection stages and the roles of heat shock protein (HSP) genes of high-temperature-resistant Bgt isolates defending high temperature, 3 high-temperature-resistant and 3 sensitive Bgt isolates were selected from 55 isolates after determination of temperature sensitivity. And then they were used to investigate the infection stages and the expression levels of HSP genes, including Bgthsp60, Bgthsp70, Bgthsp90, and Bgthsp104, at 18°C and 25°C. The formation frequency of abnormal appressoria and inhibition rate of haustoria formation of high-temperature-resistant isolates at 25°C were lower than those of high-temperature-sensitive isolates, while major axis of microcolonies of high-temperature-resistant isolates was higher than those of high-temperature-sensitive isolates at 25°C. The results indicated that haustoria formation and hyphal expansion were the key infection stages of defense against heat stress in high-temperature-resistant isolates. Further analyses of HSP genes found the expression levels of Bgthsp60 and Bgthsp70c were upregulated at 24 and 72 h post-inoculation in high-temperature-resistant isolates, while no significant difference was observed for Bgthsp90 and Bgthsp104 genes. Taken together, the basis of high-temperature-resistant Bgt isolates is associated with induced expression of Bgthsp60 and Bgthsp70c response to heat stress in haustoria formation and hyphal expansion stages.
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Zhao J, Peng M, Chen W, Xing X, Shan Y, Fan Z, Shi Y, Li H, Yang X, Li H, Chen L. Transcriptome Analysis and Functional Validation Identify a Putative bZIP Transcription Factor, Fpkapc, that Regulates Development, Stress Responses, and Virulence in Fusarium pseudograminearum. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:1299-1309. [PMID: 35000433 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-21-0520-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium pseudograminearum is a soilborne, hemibiotrophic phytopathogenic fungus that causes Fusarium crown rot and Fusarium head blight in wheat. The basic leucine zipper proteins (bZIPs) are evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that play crucial roles in a range of growth and developmental processes and the responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the roles of bZIP transcription factors remains unknown in F. pseudograminearum. In this study, a bZIP transcription factor Fpkapc was identified to localize to the nucleus in F. pseudograminearum. A mutant strain (Δfpkapc) was constructed to determine the role of Fpkapc in growth and pathogenicity of F. pseudograminearum. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that many genes involved in basic metabolism and oxidation-reduction processes were downregulated, whereas many genes involved in metal iron binding were upregulated in the Δfpkapc strain, compared with the wild type (WT). Correspondingly, the mutant had severe growth defects and displayed abnormal hyphal tips. Conidiation in the Fpkapc mutant was reduced, with more conidia in smaller size and fewer septa than in the WT. Also, relative to WT, the Δfpkapc strain showed greater tolerance to ion stress, but decreased tolerance to H2O2. The mutant caused smaller disease lesions on wheat and barley plants, but significantly increased TRI gene expression, compared with the WT. In summary, Fpkapc plays multiple roles in governing growth, development, stress responses, and virulence in F. pseudograminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Mengya Peng
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Wenbo Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xiaoping Xing
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yixuan Shan
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Zhuo Fan
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yan Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xue Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Honglian Li
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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Lv F, Xu Y, Gabriel DW, Wang X, Zhang N, Liang W. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Important Roles of the Acetylation of ER-Resident Molecular Chaperones for Conidiation in Fusarium oxysporum. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100231. [PMID: 35398590 PMCID: PMC9134102 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum is one of the most abundant and diverse fungal species found in soils and includes nonpathogenic, endophytic, and pathogenic strains affecting a broad range of plant and animal hosts. Conidiation is the major mode of reproduction in many filamentous fungi, but the regulation of this process is largely unknown. Lysine acetylation (Kac) is an evolutionarily conserved and widespread posttranslational modification implicated in regulation of multiple metabolic processes. A total of 62 upregulated and 49 downregulated Kac proteins were identified in sporulating mycelia versus nonsporulating mycelia of F. oxysporum. Diverse cellular proteins, including glycolytic enzymes, ribosomal proteins, and endoplasmic reticulum–resident molecular chaperones, were differentially acetylated in the sporulation process. Altered Kac levels of three endoplasmic reticulum–resident molecular chaperones, PDIK70, HSP70K604, and HSP40K32 were identified that with important roles in F. oxysporum conidiation. Specifically, K70 acetylation (K70ac) was found to be crucial for maintaining stability and activity of protein disulphide isomerase and the K604ac of HSP70 and K32ac of HSP40 suppressed the detoxification ability of these heat shock proteins, resulting in higher levels of protein aggregation. During conidial formation, an increased level of PDIK70ac and decreased levels of HSP70K604ac and HSP40K32ac contributed to the proper processing of unfolded proteins and eliminated protein aggregation, which is beneficial for dramatic cell biological remodeling during conidiation in F. oxysporum. Importance and levels of acetylation in conidiation of Fusarium oxysporum. Protein folding was regulated by acetylation during conidiation. Acetylation modulates activities of ER-resident molecular chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjiao Lv
- Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dean W Gabriel
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, Yantai Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Yantai, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Wenxing Liang
- Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
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Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Rhizoctonia solani Isolates Identifies the Differentially Expressed Proteins with Roles in Virulence. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8040370. [PMID: 35448601 PMCID: PMC9029756 DOI: 10.3390/jof8040370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sheath blight of rice is a destructive disease that could be calamitous to rice cultivation. The significant objective of this study is to contemplate the proteomic analysis of the high virulent and less virulent isolate of Rhizoctonia solani using a quantitative LC-MS/MS-based proteomic approach to identify the differentially expressed proteins promoting higher virulence. Across several rice-growing regions in Odisha, Eastern India, 58 Rhizoctonia isolates were obtained. All the isolates varied in their pathogenicity. The isolate RS15 was found to be the most virulent and RS22 was identified as the least virulent. The PCR amplification confirmed that the RS15 and RS22 belonged to the Rhizoctonia subgroup of AG1-IA with a specific primer. The proteomic information generated has been deposited in the PRIDE database with PXD023430. The virulent isolate consisted of 48 differentially abundant proteins, out of which 27 proteins had higher abundance, while 21 proteins had lower abundance. The analyzed proteins acquired functionality in fungal development, sporulation, morphology, pathogenicity, detoxification, antifungal activity, essential metabolism and transcriptional activities, protein biosynthesis, glycolysis, phosphorylation and catalytic activities in fungi. A Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to validate changes in differentially expressed proteins at the mRNA level for selected genes. The abundances of proteins and transcripts were positively correlated. This study provides the role of the proteome in the pathogenicity of R. solani AG1-IA in rice and underpins the mechanism behind the pathogen’s virulence in causing sheath blight disease.
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Fisol AFBC, Saidi NB, Al-Obaidi JR, Lamasudin DU, Atan S, Razali N, Sajari R, Rahmad N, Hussin SNIS, Mr NH. Differential Analysis of Mycelial Proteins and Metabolites From Rigidoporus Microporus During In Vitro Interaction With Hevea Brasiliensis. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:363-379. [PMID: 33890145 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01757-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rigidoporus microporus is the fungus accountable for the white root rot disease that is detrimental to the rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis. The pathogenicity mechanism of R. microporus and the identity of the fungal proteins and metabolites involved during the infection process remain unclear. In this study, the protein and metabolite profiles of two R. microporus isolates, Segamat (SEG) and Ayer Molek (AM), were investigated during an in vitro interaction with H. brasiliensis. The isolates were used to inoculate H. brasiliensis clone RRIM 2025, and mycelia adhering to the roots of the plant were collected for analysis. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images acquired confirms the hyphae attachment and colonization of the mycelia on the root of the H. brasiliensis clones after 4 days of inoculation. The protein samples were subjected to 2-DE analysis and analyzed using MALDI-ToF MS/MS, while the metabolites were extracted using methanol and analyzed using LC/MS-QTOF. Based on the differential analyses, upregulation of proteins that are essential for fungal evolution such as malate dehydrogenase, fructose 1,6-biphosphate aldolase, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase hints an indirect role in fungal pathogenicity, while metabolomic analysis suggests an increase in acidic compounds which may lead to increased cell wall degrading enzyme activity. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that the carbohydrate and amino acid metabolisms were prominently affected in response to the fungal pathogenicity. In addition to that, other pathways that were significantly affected include "Protein Ubiquitination Pathway," Unfolded Protein Response," "HIFα Signaling," and "Sirtuin Signaling Pathway." The identification of responsive proteins and metabolites from this study promotes a better understanding of mechanisms underlying R. microporus pathogenesis and provides a list of potential biological markers for early recognition of the white root rot disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Faiz Bin Che Fisol
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Baity Saidi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jameel R Al-Obaidi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Dhilia Udie Lamasudin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Safiah Atan
- Malaysian Rubber Board, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurhanani Razali
- Membranology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1, Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-kun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
- Department of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Roslinda Sajari
- Malaysian Rubber Board, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norasfaliza Rahmad
- Agro-Biotechnology Institute Malaysia (ABI), National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia (NIBM), c/o MARDI Headquarters, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nahdatul Isnaini Said Hussin
- Agro-Biotechnology Institute Malaysia (ABI), National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia (NIBM), c/o MARDI Headquarters, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Hafiza Mr
- Agro-Biotechnology Institute Malaysia (ABI), National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia (NIBM), c/o MARDI Headquarters, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Kataria R, Kaundal R. Deciphering the Crosstalk Mechanisms of Wheat-Stem Rust Pathosystem: Genome-Scale Prediction Unravels Novel Host Targets. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:895480. [PMID: 35800602 PMCID: PMC9253690 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.895480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Triticum aestivum (wheat), a major staple food grain, is affected by various biotic stresses. Among these, fungal diseases cause about 15-20% of yield loss, worldwide. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of protein-protein interactions between two Puccinia graminis races (Pgt 21-0 and Pgt Ug99) that cause stem (black) rust in wheat. The available molecular techniques to study the host-pathogen interaction mechanisms are expensive and labor-intensive. We implemented two computational approaches (interolog and domain-based) for the prediction of PPIs and performed various functional analysis to determine the significant differences between the two pathogen races. The analysis revealed that T. aestivum-Pgt 21-0 and T. aestivum-Pgt Ug99 interactomes consisted of ∼90M and ∼56M putative PPIs, respectively. In the predicted PPIs, we identified 115 Pgt 21-0 and 34 Pgt Ug99 potential effectors that were highly involved in pathogen virulence and development. Functional enrichment analysis of the host proteins revealed significant GO terms and KEGG pathways such as O-methyltransferase activity (GO:0008171), regulation of signal transduction (GO:0009966), lignin metabolic process (GO:0009808), plastid envelope (GO:0009526), plant-pathogen interaction pathway (ko04626), and MAPK pathway (ko04016) that are actively involved in plant defense and immune signaling against the biotic stresses. Subcellular localization analysis anticipated the host plastid as a primary target for pathogen attack. The highly connected host hubs in the protein interaction network belonged to protein kinase domain including Ser/Thr protein kinase, MAPK, and cyclin-dependent kinase. We also identified 5,577 transcription factors in the interactions, associated with plant defense during biotic stress conditions. Additionally, novel host targets that are resistant to stem rust disease were also identified. The present study elucidates the functional differences between Pgt 21-0 and Pgt Ug99, thus providing the researchers with strain-specific information for further experimental validation of the interactions, and the development of durable, disease-resistant crop lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghav Kataria
- Department of Plants, Soils, and Climate, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Rakesh Kaundal
- Department of Plants, Soils, and Climate, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
- Bioinformatics Facility, Center for Integrated BioSystems, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
- Department of Computer Science, College of Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
- *Correspondence: Rakesh Kaundal,
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Horianopoulos LC, Lee CWJ, Hu G, Caza M, Kronstad JW. Dnj1 Promotes Virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans by Maintaining Robust Endoplasmic Reticulum Homeostasis Under Temperature Stress. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:727039. [PMID: 34566931 PMCID: PMC8461255 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.727039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity of opportunistic fungal pathogens such as Cryptococcus neoformans to cause disease is dependent on their ability to overcome an onslaught of stresses including elevated temperature under mammalian host conditions. Protein chaperones and co-chaperones play key roles in thermotolerance. In this study, we characterized the role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) J-domain containing co-chaperone, Dnj1, in the virulence of C. neoformans. A strain expressing a Dnj1-GFP fusion protein was used to confirm localization to the ER, and a dnj1∆ deletion mutant was shown to be hypersensitive to the ER stress caused by tunicamycin (TM) or 4μ8C. Dnj1 and another ER chaperone, calnexin were found to coordinately maintain ER homeostasis and contribute to maintenance of cell wall architecture. Dnj1 also contributed to thermotolerance and increased in abundance at elevated temperatures representative of febrile patients (e.g., 39°C) thus highlighting its role as a temperature-responsive J domain protein. The elaboration of virulence factors such as the polysaccharide capsule and extracellular urease activity were also markedly impaired in the dnj1∆ mutant when induced at human body temperature (i.e., 37°C). These virulence factors are immunomodulatory and, indeed, infection with the dnj1∆ mutant revealed impaired induction of the cytokines IL-6, IL-10, and MCP-1 in the lungs of mice compared to infection with wild type or complemented strains. The dnj1∆ mutant also had attenuated virulence in an intranasal murine model of cryptococcosis. Altogether, our data indicate that Dnj1 is crucial for survival and virulence factor production at elevated temperatures. The characterization of this co-chaperone also highlights the importance of maintaining homeostasis in the ER for the pathogenesis of C. neoformans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher W J Lee
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Guanggan Hu
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mélissa Caza
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - James W Kronstad
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Sequencing of non-virulent strains of Fusarium fujikuroi reveals genes putatively involved in bakanae disease of rice. Fungal Genet Biol 2021; 156:103622. [PMID: 34464707 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2021.103622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bakanae, one of the most important diseases of rice, is caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi. The elongation of internodes is the most common symptom induced by the pathogen, and it is related to the production of gibberellins. Despite this, the pathogenicity mechanism of F. fujikuroi is still not completely clear, and there are some strains inducing stunting instead of elongation. Even if there are relatively many genomes of F. fujikuroi strains available in online databases, none of them belongs to an isolate of proven non-virulence, and therefore there has been no comparative genomics study conducted between virulent and non-virulent strains. In the present work, the genomes of non-virulent strain SG4 and scarcely virulent strain C2S were compared to the ones of 12 available virulent isolates. Genes present in the majority of available virulent strains, but not in the non-virulent one, underwent functional annotation with multiple tools, and their expression level during rice infection was checked using pre-existing data. Nine genes putatively related to pathogenicity in F. fujikuroi were identified throughout comparative and functional analyses. Among these, many are involved in the degradation of plant cell wall, which is poorly studied in F. fujikuroi-rice interactions. Three of them were validated through qPCR, showing higher expression in the virulent strain and low to no expression in the low virulent and non virulent strains during rice infection. This work helps to clarify the mechanisms of pathogenicity of F. fujikuroi on rice.
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Qiao F, Yang X, Xu F, Huang Y, Zhang J, Song M, Zhou S, Zhang M, He D. TMT-based quantitative proteomic analysis reveals defense mechanism of wheat against the crown rot pathogen Fusarium pseudograminearum. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:82. [PMID: 33557748 PMCID: PMC7869478 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02853-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusarium crown rot is major disease in wheat. However, the wheat defense mechanisms against this disease remain poorly understood. RESULTS Using tandem mass tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics, we evaluated a disease-susceptible (UC1110) and a disease-tolerant (PI610750) wheat cultivar inoculated with Fusarium pseudograminearum WZ-8A. The morphological and physiological results showed that the average root diameter and malondialdehyde content in the roots of PI610750 decreased 3 days post-inoculation (dpi), while the average number of root tips increased. Root vigor was significantly increased in both cultivars, indicating that the morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses of the roots to disease differed between the two cultivars. TMT analysis showed that 366 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment in the two comparison groups, UC1110_3dpi/UC1110_0dpi (163) and PI610750_3dpi/PI610750_0dpi (203). It may be concluded that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis (8), secondary metabolite biosynthesis (12), linolenic acid metabolites (5), glutathione metabolism (8), plant hormone signal transduction (3), MAPK signaling pathway-plant (4), and photosynthesis (12) contributed to the defense mechanisms in wheat. Protein-protein interaction network analysis showed that the DEPs interacted in both sugar metabolism and photosynthesis pathways. Sixteen genes were validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and were found to be consistent with the proteomics data. CONCLUSION The results provided insight into the molecular mechanisms of the interaction between wheat and F. pseudograminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Qiao
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University/ National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/ Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiwen Yang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University/ National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/ Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Fengdan Xu
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University/ National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/ Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University/ National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/ Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jiemei Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University/ National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/ Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Miao Song
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University/ National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/ Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Sumei Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University/ National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/ Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
| | - Dexian He
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University/ National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/ Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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16
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Wang L, Xie S, Zhang Y, Kang R, Zhang M, Wang M, Li H, Chen L, Yuan H, Ding S, Liang S, Li H. The FpPPR1 Gene Encodes a Pentatricopeptide Repeat Protein That Is Essential for Asexual Development, Sporulation, and Pathogenesis in Fusarium pseudograminearum. Front Genet 2021; 11:535622. [PMID: 33584782 PMCID: PMC7874006 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.535622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium crown rot (FCR) and Fusarium head blight (FHB) are caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum and are newly emerging diseases of wheat in China. In this study, we characterized FpPPR1, a gene that encodes a protein with 12 pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) motifs. The radial growth rate of the ΔFpppr1 deletion mutant was significantly slower than the wild type strain WZ-8A on potato dextrose agar plates and exhibited significantly smaller colonies with sector mutations. The aerial mycelium of the mutant was almost absent in culture tubes. The ΔFpppr1 mutant was able to produce spores, but spores of abnormal size and altered conidium septum shape were produced with a significant reduction in sporulation compared to wild type. ΔFpppr1 failed to cause disease on wheat coleoptiles and barley leaves using mycelia plugs or spore suspensions. The mutant phenotypes were successfully restored to the wild type levels in complemented strains. FpPpr1-GFP signals in spores and mycelia predominantly overlapped with Mito-tracker signals, which substantiated the mitochondria targeting signal prediction of FpPpr1. RNAseq revealed significant transcriptional changes in the ΔFpppr1 mutant with 1,367 genes down-regulated and 1,333 genes up-regulated. NAD-binding proteins, thioredoxin, 2Fe-2S iron-sulfur cluster binding domain proteins, and cytochrome P450 genes were significantly down-regulated in ΔFpppr1, implying the dysfunction of mitochondria-mediated reductase redox stress in the mutant. The mating type idiomorphic alleles MAT1-1-1, MAT1-1-2, and MAT1-1-3 in F. pseudograminearum were also down-regulated after deletion of FpPPR1 and validated by real-time quantitative PCR. Additionally, 21 genes encoding putative heterokaryon incompatibility proteins were down-regulated. The yellow pigmentation of the mutant was correlated with reduced expression of PKS12 cluster genes. Taken together, our findings on FpPpr1 indicate that this PPR protein has multiple functions in fungal asexual development, regulation of heterokaryon formation, mating-type, and pathogenesis in F. pseudograminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Wang
- Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shunpei Xie
- Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yinshan Zhang
- Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruijiao Kang
- Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China.,Xuchang Vocational Technical College, Xuchang, China
| | - Mengjuan Zhang
- Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Min Wang
- Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Yuan
- Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shengli Ding
- Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shen Liang
- Horticulture Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Honglian Li
- Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
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Analysis of Apoptosis-Related Genes Reveals that Apoptosis Functions in Conidiation and Pathogenesis of Fusarium pseudograminearum. mSphere 2021; 6:6/1/e01140-20. [PMID: 33408234 PMCID: PMC7845595 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.01140-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant-pathogenic fungus F. pseudograminearum is the causal agent of Fusarium crown rot (FCR) in wheat and barley, resulting in substantial yield losses worldwide. Particularly, in the Huanghuai wheat-growing region of China, F. pseudograminearum was reported as the dominant Fusarium species in FCR infections. Apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, plays crucial roles in various physiological processes, from development to adaptive responses. Key features of apoptosis have been verified in various fungal microbes but not yet in Fusarium species. Here, we identified 19 apoptosis-related genes in Fusarium pseudograminearum using a genome-wide survey. Expression profile analysis revealed that several apoptosis-related genes were significantly increased during conidiation and infection stages. Among these is FpBIR1, with two BIR (baculovirus inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein repeat) domains at the N-terminal end of the protein, a homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae BIR1, which is a unique apoptosis inhibitor. FpNUC1 is the ortholog of S. cerevisiae NUC1, which triggers AIF1- or YCA1-independent apoptosis. The functions of these two proteins were assessed by creating Δfpbir1 and Δfpnuc1 mutants via targeted gene deletion. The Δfpbir1 mutant had more cells with nuclear fragmentation and exhibited reduced conidiation, conidial formation, and infectivity. Correspondingly, the Δfpnuc1 mutant contained multiple nuclei, produced thicker and more branched hyphae, was reduced in conidiation, and exhibited faster conidial formation and higher infection rates. Taken together, our results indicate that the apoptosis-related genes FpBIR1 and FpNUC1 function in conidiation, conidial germination, and infection by F. pseudograminearum. IMPORTANCE The plant-pathogenic fungus F. pseudograminearum is the causal agent of Fusarium crown rot (FCR) in wheat and barley, resulting in substantial yield losses worldwide. Particularly, in the Huanghuai wheat-growing region of China, F. pseudograminearum was reported as the dominant Fusarium species in FCR infections. Apoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism in eukaryotes, playing crucial roles in development and cell responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, few reports on apoptosis in plant fungal pathogens have been published. In this study, we identified 19 conserved apoptosis-related genes in F. pseudograminearum, several of which were significantly increased during conidiation and infection stages. Potential apoptosis functions were assessed by deletion of the putative apoptosis inhibitor gene FpBIR1 and apoptosis trigger gene FpNUC1 in F. pseudograminearum. The FpBIR1 deletion mutant exhibited defects in conidial germination and pathogenicity, whereas the FpNUC1 deletion mutant experienced faster conidial formation and higher infection rates. Apoptosis appears to negatively regulate the conidial germination and pathogenicity of F. pseudograminearum. To our knowledge, this study is the first report of apoptosis contributing to infection-related morphogenesis and pathogenesis in F. pseudograminearum.
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Garcia-Ceron D, Bleackley MR, Anderson MA. Fungal Extracellular Vesicles in Pathophysiology. Subcell Biochem 2021; 97:151-177. [PMID: 33779917 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67171-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Fungal pathogens are a concern in medicine and agriculture that has been exacerbated by the emergence of antifungal-resistant varieties that severely threaten human and animal health, as well as food security. This had led to the search for new and sustainable treatments for fungal diseases. Innovative solutions require a deeper understanding of the interactions between fungal pathogens and their hosts, and the key determinants of fungal virulence. Recently, a link has emerged between the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and fungal virulence that may contribute to finding new methods for fungal control. Fungal EVs carry pigments, carbohydrates, protein, nucleic acids and other macromolecules with similar functions as those found in EVs from other organisms, however certain fungal features, such as the fungal cell wall, impact EV release and cargo. Fungal EVs modulate immune responses in the host, have a role in cell-cell communication and transport molecules that function in virulence. Understanding the function of fungal EVs will expand our knowledge of host-pathogen interactions and may provide new and specific targets for antifungal drugs and agrichemicals.
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Map-based cloning identifies velvet A as a critical component of virulence in Fusarium pseudograminearum during infection of wheat heads. Fungal Biol 2020; 125:191-200. [PMID: 33622535 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although better known as a pathogen of wheat stem bases, Fusarium pseudograminearum also causes Fusarium head blight. A natural isolate of F. pseudograminearum was identified that showed severely reduced virulence towards wheat heads and a map-based cloning approach was undertaken to identify the genetic basis of this phenotype. Using a population of 95 individuals, a single locus on chromosome 1 was shown to be responsible for the low virulence. Fine mapping narrowed the region to just five possible SNPs of which one was in the F. pseudograminearum homologue of velvet A. Knockout mutants of velvet A, which were non-pathogenic towards wheat, confirmed that velvet A regulates virulence in this pathogen. The mutation in velvet A was only found in a single field isolate and the origin of the mutation is unknown.
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20
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Wang J, Chen J, Hu Y, Ying SH, Feng MG. Roles of six Hsp70 genes in virulence, cell wall integrity, antioxidant activity and multiple stress tolerance of Beauveria bassiana. Fungal Genet Biol 2020; 144:103437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2020.103437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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21
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Song Y, da Silva NM, Weiss VA, Vu D, Moreno LF, Vicente VA, Li R, de Hoog GS. Comparative Genomic Analysis of Capsule-Producing Black Yeasts Exophiala dermatitidis and Exophiala spinifera, Potential Agents of Disseminated Mycoses. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:586. [PMID: 32373085 PMCID: PMC7179667 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The two black yeasts Exophiala dermatitidis and Exophiala spinifera that are clinically considered as the most virulent species potentially causing disseminated infections are both producing extracellular capsule-like material, are compared. In this study, 10 genomes of E. spinifera and E. dermatitidis strains, including both clinical and environmental isolates, were selected based on phylogenetic analysis, physiology tests and virulence tests, sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq sequencer and annotated. Comparison of genome data were performed between intraspecific and interspecific strains. We found capsule-associated genes were however not consistently present in both species by the comparative genomics. The prevalent clinical species, E. dermatitidis, has small genomes containing significantly less virulence-associated genes than E. spinifera, and also than saprobic relatives. Gene OG0012246 and Myb-like DNA-binding domain and SANT/Myb domain, restricted to two strains from human brain, was shared with the neurotropic species Rhinocladiella mackenziei. This study indicated that different virulence profiles existed in the two capsule-producing black yeasts, and the absence of consistent virulence-associated profiles supports the hypothesis that black yeasts are opportunists rather than primary pathogens. The results also provide the key virulence genes and drive the continuing research forward pathogen–host interactions to explore the pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinggai Song
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Nickolas Menezes da Silva
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Center of Expertise in Mycology of Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Graduate Program in Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Almir Weiss
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Duong Vu
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Leandro F Moreno
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vania Aparecida Vicente
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - G Sybren de Hoog
- Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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The bZIP transcription factor FpAda1 is essential for fungal growth and conidiation in Fusarium pseudograminearum. Curr Genet 2019; 66:507-515. [PMID: 31696258 PMCID: PMC7198649 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-019-01042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium pseudograminearum is an important pathogen of Fusarium crown rot and Fusarium head blight, which is able to infect wheat and barley worldwide, causing great economic losses. Transcription factors (TFs) of the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) protein family control important processes in all eukaryotes. In this study, we identified a gene, designated FpAda1, encoding a bZIP TF in F. pseudograminearum. The homolog of FpAda1 is also known to affect hyphal growth in Neurospora crassa. Deletion of FpAda1 in F. pseudograminearum resulted in defects in hyphal growth, mycelial branching and conidia formation. Pathogenicity assays showed that virulence of the Δfpada1 mutant was dramatically decreased on wheat coleoptiles and barley leaves. However, wheat coleoptile inoculation assay showed that Δfpada1 could penetrate and proliferate in wheat cells. Moreover, the FpAda1 was required for abnormal nuclear morphology in conidia and transcription of FpCdc2 and FpCdc42. Taken together, these results indicate that FpAda1 is an important transcription factor involved in growth and development in F. pseudograminearum.
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