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Zangara MT, Darwish L, Coombes BK. Characterizing the Pathogenic Potential of Crohn's Disease-Associated Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli. EcoSal Plus 2023; 11:eesp00182022. [PMID: 37220071 PMCID: PMC10729932 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0018-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The microbiome of Crohn's disease (CD) patients is composed of a microbial community that is considered dysbiotic and proinflammatory in nature. The overrepresentation of Enterobacteriaceae species is a common feature of the CD microbiome, and much attention has been given to understanding the pathogenic role this feature plays in disease activity. Over 2 decades ago, a new Escherichia coli subtype called adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) was isolated and linked to ileal Crohn's disease. Since the isolation of the first AIEC strain, additional AIEC strains have been isolated from both inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and non-IBD individuals using the original in vitro phenotypic characterization methods. Identification of a definitive molecular marker of the AIEC pathotype has been elusive; however, significant advancements have been made in understanding the genetic, metabolic, and virulence determinants of AIEC infection biology. Here, we review the current knowledge of AIEC pathogenesis to provide additional, objective measures that could be considered in defining AIEC and their pathogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan T. Zangara
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lena Darwish
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian K. Coombes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Liao C, Santoscoy MC, Craft J, Anderson C, Soupir ML, Jarboe LR. Allelic variation of Escherichia coli outer membrane protein A: Impact on cell surface properties, stress tolerance and allele distribution. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276046. [PMID: 36227900 PMCID: PMC9560509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) is one of the most abundant outer membrane proteins of Gram-negative bacteria and is known to have patterns of sequence variations at certain amino acids-allelic variation-in Escherichia coli. Here we subjected seven exemplar OmpA alleles expressed in a K-12 (MG1655) ΔompA background to further characterization. These alleles were observed to significantly impact cell surface charge (zeta potential), cell surface hydrophobicity, biofilm formation, sensitivity to killing by neutrophil elastase, and specific growth rate at 42°C and in the presence of acetate, demonstrating that OmpA is an attractive target for engineering cell surface properties and industrial phenotypes. It was also observed that cell surface charge and biofilm formation both significantly correlate with cell surface hydrophobicity, a cell property that is increasingly intriguing for bioproduction. While there was poor alignment between the observed experimental values relative to the known sequence variation, differences in hydrophobicity and biofilm formation did correspond to the identity of residue 203 (N vs T), located within the proposed dimerization domain. The relative abundance of the (I, δ) allele was increased in extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) isolates relative to environmental isolates, with a corresponding decrease in (I, α) alleles in ExPEC relative to environmental isolates. The (I, α) and (I, δ) alleles differ at positions 203 and 251. Variations in distribution were also observed among ExPEC types and phylotypes. Thus, OmpA allelic variation and its influence on OmpA function warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Liao
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Miguel C. Santoscoy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa United States of America
| | - Julia Craft
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Biological Materials and Processes (BioMAP) NSF REU Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Chiron Anderson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Biological Materials and Processes (BioMAP) NSF REU Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Michelle L. Soupir
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Laura R. Jarboe
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sarshar M, Scribano D, Limongi D, Zagaglia C, Palamara AT, Ambrosi C. Adaptive strategies of uropathogenic Escherichia coli CFT073: from growth in lab media to virulence during host cell adhesion. Int Microbiol 2022; 25:481-494. [PMID: 35106679 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-022-00235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a major concern in public health. The prevalent uropathogenic bacterium in healthcare settings is Escherichia coli. The increasing rate of antibiotic-resistant strains demands studies to understand E. coli pathogenesis to drive the development of new therapeutic approaches. This study compared the gene expression profile of selected target genes in the prototype uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strain CFT073 grown in Luria Bertani (LB), artificial urine (AU), and during adhesion to host bladder cells by semi-quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) assays. AU effectively supported the growth of strain CFT073 as well as other E. coli strains with different lifestyles, thereby confirming the appropriateness of this medium for in vitro models. Unexpectedly, gene expression of strain CFT073 in LB and AU was quite similar; conversely, during the adhesion assay, adhesins and porins were upregulated, while key global regulators were downregulated with respect to lab media. Interestingly, fimH and papGII genes were significantly expressed in all tested conditions. Taken together, these results provide for the first time insights of the metabolic and pathogenic profile of strain CFT073 during the essential phase of host cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Sarshar
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Scribano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Dani Di Giò Foundation-Onlus, 00193, Rome, Italy
| | - Dolores Limongi
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, IRCCS San Raffaele Rome, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Zagaglia
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy.,Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia- Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Ambrosi
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, IRCCS San Raffaele Rome, 00166, Rome, Italy.
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Herod A, Emond-Rheault JG, Tamber S, Goodridge L, Lévesque RC, Rohde J. Genomic and phenotypic analysis of SspH1 identifies a new Salmonella effector, SspH3. Mol Microbiol 2021; 117:770-789. [PMID: 34942035 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen and is responsible for a range of diseases. Not all Salmonella contribute to severe health outcomes as there is a large degree of genetic heterogeneity among the 2600 serovars within the genus. This variability across Salmonella serovars is linked to numerous genetic elements that dictate virulence. While several genetic elements encode virulence factors with well documented contributions to pathogenesis, many genetic elements implicated in Salmonella virulence remain uncharacterized. Many pathogens encode a family of E3 ubiquitin ligases that are delivered into the cells that they infect using a Type 3 Secretion System (T3SS). These effectors, known as NEL-domain E3s, were first characterized in Salmonella. Most Salmonella encode the NEL-effectors sspH2 and slrP, whereas only a subset of Salmonella encode sspH1. SspH1 has been shown to ubiquitinate the mammalian protein kinase PKN1, which has been reported to negatively regulate the pro-survival program Akt. We discovered that SspH1 mediates the degradation of PKN1 during infection of a macrophage cell line but that this degradation does not impact Akt signaling. Genomic analysis of a large collection of Salmonella genomes identified a putative new gene, sspH3, with homology to sspH1. SspH3 is a novel NEL-domain effector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Herod
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University Halifax, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | | | - Sandeep Tamber
- Microbiology Research Division, Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lawrence Goodridge
- Food Science Department, University of Guelph, East Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Roger C Lévesque
- Institute for Integrative and Systems Biology, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - John Rohde
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University Halifax, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
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Camprubí-Font C, Martinez-Medina M. Why the discovery of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli molecular markers is so challenging? World J Biol Chem 2020; 11:1-13. [PMID: 32405343 PMCID: PMC7205867 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v11.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) strains have been extensively related to Crohn’s disease (CD) etiopathogenesis. Higher AIEC prevalence in CD patients versus controls has been reported, and its mechanisms of pathogenicity have been linked to CD physiopathology. In CD, the therapeutic armamentarium remains limited and non-curative; hence, the necessity to better understand AIEC as a putative instigator or propagator of the disease is certain. Nonetheless, AIEC identification is currently challenging because it relies on phenotypic assays based on infected cell cultures which are highly time-consuming, laborious and non-standardizable. To address this issue, AIEC molecular mechanisms and virulence genes have been studied; however, a specific and widely distributed genetic AIEC marker is still missing. The finding of molecular tools to easily identify AIEC could be useful in the identification of AIEC carriers who could profit from personalized treatment. Also, it would significantly promote AIEC epidemiological studies. Here, we reviewed the existing data regarding AIEC genetics and presented those molecular markers that could assist with AIEC identification. Finally, we highlighted the problems behind the discovery of exclusive AIEC biomarkers and proposed strategies to facilitate the search of AIEC signature sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Camprubí-Font
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
| | - Margarita Martinez-Medina
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
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Effect and Analysis of Bacterial Lysates for the Treatment of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Adults. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9020102. [PMID: 32041185 PMCID: PMC7168004 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a relevant public health problem, economically and socially affecting the lives of patients. The increase of antimicrobial bacterial resistance significantly hinders the treatment of UTIs, raising the need to search for alternative therapies. Bacterial lysates (BL) obtained from Escherichia coli and other pathogens have been used to treat different infectious diseases with promising results. This work aims to evaluate the effect and composition of an autologous BL for the treatment and control of recurrent UTIs in adults. The results show remission in 70% of the patients within the first three months after the administration of BL, while the infection is maintained under control for 6-12 months. The analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) of the BL fractions recognized by the sera of patients shows the presence of cytosolic proteins, fimbriae, OMPs, and LPS. Our study demonstrates that the autologous BL contributed to the treatment and control of recurrent UTIs in adults, and its composition shows that different surface components of E. coli are potential immunogens that could be used to create a polyvalent protective vaccine.
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