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Waggoner EM, Djaoudi K, Diaz JM, Duhamel S. Dissolved organic phosphorus bond-class utilization by Synechococcus. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae099. [PMID: 39003239 PMCID: PMC11319936 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) contains compounds with phosphoester, phosphoanhydride, and phosphorus-carbon bonds. While DOP holds significant nutritional value for marine microorganisms, the bioavailability of each bond-class to the widespread cyanobacterium Synechococcus remains largely unknown. This study evaluates bond-class specific DOP utilization by Synechococcus strains from open and coastal oceans. Both strains exhibited comparable growth rates when provided phosphate, a phosphoanhydride [3-polyphosphate and 45-polyphosphate], or a DOP compound with both phosphoanhydride and phosphoester bonds (adenosine 5'-triphosphate). Growth rates on phosphoesters [glucose-6-phosphate, adenosine 5'-monophosphate, bis(4-methylumbelliferyl) phosphate] were variable, and neither strain grew on selected phosphorus-carbon compounds. Both strains hydrolyzed 3-polyphosphate, then adenosine 5'-triphosphate, and lastly adenosine 5'-monophosphate, exhibiting preferential enzymatic hydrolysis of phosphoanhydride bonds. The strains' exoproteomes contained phosphorus hydrolases, which combined with enhanced cell-free hydrolysis of 3-polyphosphate and adenosine 5'-triphosphate under phosphate deficiency, suggests active mineralization of phosphoanhydride bonds by these exoproteins. Synechococcus alkaline phosphatases presented broad substrate specificities, including activity toward the phosphoanhydride 3-polyphosphate, with varying affinities between strains. Collectively, these findings underscore the potentially significant role of compounds with phosphoanhydride bonds in Synechococcus phosphorus nutrition and highlight varied growth and enzymatic responses to molecular diversity within DOP bond-classes, thereby expanding our understanding of microbially mediated DOP cycling in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Waggoner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, 1007 East Lowell Street, Tucson, Arizona, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Kahina Djaoudi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, 1007 East Lowell Street, Tucson, Arizona, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Julia M Diaz
- Geosciences Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Solange Duhamel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, 1007 East Lowell Street, Tucson, Arizona, AZ 85721, United States
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Rubin-Blum M, Makovsky Y, Rahav E, Belkin N, Antler G, Sisma-Ventura G, Herut B. Active microbial communities facilitate carbon turnover in brine pools found in the deep Southeastern Mediterranean Sea. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 198:106497. [PMID: 38631226 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Discharge of gas-rich brines fuels productive chemosynthetic ecosystems in the deep sea. In these salty, methanic and sulfidic brines, microbial communities adapt to specific niches along the physicochemical gradients. However, the molecular mechanisms that underpin these adaptations are not fully known. Using metagenomics, we investigated the dense (∼106 cell ml-1) microbial communities that occupy small deep-sea brine pools found in the Southeastern Mediterranean Sea (1150 m water depth, ∼22 °C, ∼60 PSU salinity, sulfide, methane, ammonia reaching millimolar levels, and oxygen usually depleted), reaching high productivity rates of 685 μg C L-1 d-1 ex-situ. We curated 266 metagenome-assembled genomes of bacteria and archaea from the several pools and adjacent sediment-water interface, highlighting the dominance of a single Sulfurimonas, which likely fuels its autotrophy using sulfide oxidation or inorganic sulfur disproportionation. This lineage may be dominant in its niche due to genome streamlining, limiting its metabolic repertoire, particularly by using a single variant of sulfide: quinone oxidoreductase. These primary producers co-exist with ANME-2c archaea that catalyze the anaerobic oxidation of methane. Other lineages can degrade the necromass aerobically (Halomonas and Alcanivorax), or anaerobically through fermentation of macromolecules (e.g., Caldatribacteriota, Bipolaricaulia, Chloroflexota, etc). These low-abundance organisms likely support the autotrophs, providing energy-rich H2, and vital organics such as vitamin B12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Rubin-Blum
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel; The Department of Marine Biology, Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Yizhaq Makovsky
- The Dr. Moses Strauss Department of Marine Geosciences, Charney School of Marine Sciences , University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; The Hatter Department of Marine Technologies, Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eyal Rahav
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
| | - Natalia Belkin
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gilad Antler
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences, Eilat, Israel
| | - Guy Sisma-Ventura
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
| | - Barak Herut
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel; The Dr. Moses Strauss Department of Marine Geosciences, Charney School of Marine Sciences , University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Su B, Song X, Duhamel S, Mahaffey C, Davis C, Ivančić I, Liu J. A dataset of global ocean alkaline phosphatase activity. Sci Data 2023; 10:205. [PMID: 37055424 PMCID: PMC10102321 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Utilisation of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) by marine microbes as an alternative phosphorus (P) source when phosphate is scarce can help sustain non-Redfieldian carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus ratios and efficient ocean carbon export. However, global spatial patterns and rates of microbial DOP utilisation are poorly investigated. Alkaline phosphatase (AP) is an important enzyme group that facilitates the remineralisation of DOP to phosphate and thus its activity is a good proxy for DOP-utilisation, particularly in P-stressed regions. We present a Global Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Dataset (GAPAD) with 4083 measurements collected from 79 published manuscripts and one database. Measurements are organised into four groups based on substrate and further subdivided into seven size fractions based on filtration pore size. The dataset is globally distributed and covers major oceanic regions, with most measurements collected in the upper 20 m of low-latitude oceanic regions during summer since 1997. This dataset can help support future studies assessing global ocean P supply from DOP utilisation and provide a useful data reference for both field investigations and modelling activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Su
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, China.
| | - Xianrui Song
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Solange Duhamel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Claire Mahaffey
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Clare Davis
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
- Now at Springer Nature, London, UK
| | - Ingrid Ivančić
- Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, G. Paliaga 5, HR-52210, Rovinj, Croatia
| | - Jihua Liu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
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Sisma-Ventura G, Belkin N, Rubin-Blum M, Jacobson Y, Hauzer H, Bar-Zeev E, Rahav E. Discharge of Polyphosphonate-Based Antiscalants via Desalination Brine: Impact on Seabed Nutrient Flux and Microbial Activity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:13142-13151. [PMID: 36044758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Desalination brine is a hypersaline byproduct that contains various operational chemicals such as polyphosphonate-based antiscalants. Brine often sinks and flows over the seabed by density currents; therefore, it may affect sediment-water nutrient fluxes and thus microbial activity. We quantified these parameters in brine plumes around two large-scale desalination facilities located in the P-limited Southeastern Mediterranean Sea. The benthic nutrient fluxes and microbial activity were determined using ex-situ core benthocosms, to which we added brine from the dispersion area in excess salinities of ∼3% and 5% above natural levels. A higher influx of dissolved organic phosphorus (∼6-fold) and an efflux of dissolved organic carbon (∼1.7-fold) were measured in the brine-amended cores relative to the controls. This was accompanied by increased oxygen consumption (15%) and increased microbial activity (∼1.5-6.5-fold). Field observations support the results from experimental manipulations, yielding ∼4.5-fold higher microbial activity rates around the brine plume compared to uninfluenced locations. Our results imply that desalination brine can alter sedimentary processes affecting benthic nutrients inventories. Moreover, we show that brine acts as a vector of anthropogenic P, stimulating microbial activity in the sediment-water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Sisma-Ventura
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, 8030, Israel 310800
| | - Natalia Belkin
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, 8030, Israel 310800
| | - Maxim Rubin-Blum
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, 8030, Israel 310800
| | - Yitzhak Jacobson
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, 8030, Israel 310800
| | - Hagar Hauzer
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, 8030, Israel 310800
| | - Edo Bar-Zeev
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Israel
| | - Eyal Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, 8030, Israel 310800
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Eigemann F, Rahav E, Grossart HP, Aharonovich D, Sher D, Vogts A, Voss M. Phytoplankton exudates provide full nutrition to a subset of accompanying heterotrophic bacteria via carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus allocation. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:2467-2483. [PMID: 35146867 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Marine bacteria rely on phytoplankton exudates as carbon sources (DOCp). Yet, it is unclear to what extent phytoplankton exudates also provide nutrients such as phytoplankton-derived N and P (DONp, DOPp). We address these questions by mesocosm exudate addition experiments with spent media from the ubiquitous pico-cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus to bacterial communities in contrasting ecosystems in the Eastern Mediterranean - a coastal and an open-ocean, oligotrophic station with and without on-top additions of inorganic nutrients. Inorganic nutrient addition did not lower the incorporation of exudate DONp, nor did it reduce alkaline phosphatase activity, suggesting that bacterial communities are able to exclusively cover their nitrogen and phosphorus demands with organic forms provided by phytoplankton exudates. Approximately half of the cells in each ecosystem took up detectable amounts of Prochlorococcus-derived C and N, yet based on 16S rRNA sequencing different bacterial genera were responsible for the observed exudate utilization patterns. In the coastal community, several phylotypes of Aureimarina, Psychrosphaera and Glaciecola responded positively to the addition of phytoplankton exudates, whereas phylotypes of Pseudoalteromonas increased and dominated the open-ocean communities. Together, our results strongly indicate that phytoplankton exudates provide coastal and open-ocean bacterial communities with organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, and that phytoplankton exudate serve a full-fledged meal for the accompanying bacterial community in the nutrient-poor eastern Mediterranean. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Eigemann
- Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde.,Water quality engineering, Technical University of Berlin
| | - Eyal Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa
| | | | | | - Daniel Sher
- Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University Haifa
| | - Angela Vogts
- Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde
| | - Maren Voss
- Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde
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OUP accepted manuscript. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6523362. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Geisler E, Bogler A, Bar-Zeev E, Rahav E. Heterotrophic Nitrogen Fixation at the Hyper-Eutrophic Qishon River and Estuary System. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1370. [PMID: 32670236 PMCID: PMC7326945 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Planktonic heterotrophic diazotrophs (N2-fixers) are widely distributed in marine and freshwater systems, yet limited information is available on their activity, especially in environments with adverse conditions for diazotrophy (e.g., N-rich and oxygenated). Here, we followed the localization and activity of heterotrophic diazotrophs in the hyper-eutrophic N-rich Qishon River—an environment previously considered to be unfavorable for diazotrophy. Our results indicate high heterotrophic N2 fixation rates (up to 6.9 nmol N L–1 d–1), which were approximately three fold higher at an upstream location (freshwater) compared to an estuary (brackish) site. Further, active heterotrophic diazotrophs were capture associated with free-floating aggregates by a newly developed immunolocalization approach. These findings provide new insights on the activity of heterotrophic diazotrophs on aggregates in environments previously considered with adverse conditions for diazotrophy. Moreover, these new insights may be applicable to other aquatic regimes worldwide with similar N-rich/oxygenated conditions that should potentially inhibit N2 fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Geisler
- The Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research (ZIWR), The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research (BIDR), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel
| | - Anne Bogler
- The Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research (ZIWR), The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research (BIDR), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Edo Bar-Zeev
- The Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research (ZIWR), The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research (BIDR), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Eyal Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel
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