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Zhang Q, Soulère L, Queneau Y. Amide bioisosteric replacement in the design and synthesis of quorum sensing modulators. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 273:116525. [PMID: 38801798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The prevention or control of bacterial infections requires continuous search for novel approaches among which bacterial quorum sensing inhibition is considered as a complementary antibacterial strategy. Quorum sensing, used by many different bacteria, functions through a cell-to-cell communication mechanism relying on chemical signals, referred to as autoinducers, such as N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) which are the most common chemical signals in this system. Designing analogs of these autoinducers is one of the possible ways to interfere with quorum sensing. Since bioisosteres are powerful tools in medicinal chemistry, targeting analogs of AHLs or other signal molecules and mimics of known QS modulators built on amide bond bioisosteres is a relevant strategy in molecular design and synthetic routes. This review highlights the application of amide bond bioisosteric replacement in the design and synthesis of novel quorum sensing inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-cancer Active Ingredients, Hubei University of Education, 129 Second Gaoxin Road, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Laurent Soulère
- INSA Lyon, CNRS, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR 5246, ICBMS, Bât. E. Lederer, 1 rue Victor Grignard, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yves Queneau
- INSA Lyon, CNRS, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR 5246, ICBMS, Bât. E. Lederer, 1 rue Victor Grignard, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
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2
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Rajangam SL, Narasimhan MK. Current treatment strategies for targeting virulence factors and biofilm formation in Acinetobacter baumannii. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:941-961. [PMID: 38683166 PMCID: PMC11290764 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
A higher prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii infections and mortality rate has been reported recently in hospital-acquired infections (HAI). The biofilm-forming capability of A. baumannii makes it an extremely dangerous pathogen, especially in device-associated hospital-acquired infections (DA-HAI), thereby it resists the penetration of antibiotics. Further, the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus was exacerbated in DA-HAI during the epidemic. This review specifically examines the complex interconnections between several components and genes that play a role in the biofilm formation and the development of infections. The current review provides insights into innovative treatments and therapeutic approaches to combat A. baumannii biofilm-related infections, thereby ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing the burden of HAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seetha Lakshmi Rajangam
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering & Technology, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Narasimhan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering & Technology, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
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3
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Filipić B, Ušjak D, Rambaher MH, Oljacic S, Milenković MT. Evaluation of novel compounds as anti-bacterial or anti-virulence agents. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1370062. [PMID: 38510964 PMCID: PMC10951914 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1370062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat, leading to an alarming increase in the prevalence of bacterial infections that can no longer be treated with available antibiotics. The World Health Organization estimates that by 2050 up to 10 million deaths per year could be associated with antimicrobial resistance, which would equal the annual number of cancer deaths worldwide. To overcome this emerging crisis, novel anti-bacterial compounds are urgently needed. There are two possible approaches in the fight against bacterial infections: a) targeting structures within bacterial cells, similar to existing antibiotics; and/or b) targeting virulence factors rather than bacterial growth. Here, for the first time, we provide a comprehensive overview of the key steps in the evaluation of potential new anti-bacterial and/or anti-virulence compounds. The methods described in this review include: a) in silico methods for the evaluation of novel compounds; b) anti-bacterial assays (MIC, MBC, Time-kill); b) anti-virulence assays (anti-biofilm, anti-quorum sensing, anti-adhesion); and c) evaluation of safety aspects (cytotoxicity assay and Ames test). Overall, we provide a detailed description of the methods that are an essential tool for chemists, computational chemists, microbiologists, and toxicologists in the evaluation of potential novel antimicrobial compounds. These methods are cost-effective and have high predictive value. They are widely used in preclinical studies to identify new molecular candidates, for further investigation in animal and human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brankica Filipić
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušan Ušjak
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Martina Hrast Rambaher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Slavica Oljacic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina T. Milenković
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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4
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Juszczuk-Kubiak E. Molecular Aspects of the Functioning of Pathogenic Bacteria Biofilm Based on Quorum Sensing (QS) Signal-Response System and Innovative Non-Antibiotic Strategies for Their Elimination. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2655. [PMID: 38473900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the key mechanisms enabling bacterial cells to create biofilms and regulate crucial life functions in a global and highly synchronized way is a bacterial communication system called quorum sensing (QS). QS is a bacterial cell-to-cell communication process that depends on the bacterial population density and is mediated by small signalling molecules called autoinducers (AIs). In bacteria, QS controls the biofilm formation through the global regulation of gene expression involved in the extracellular polymeric matrix (EPS) synthesis, virulence factor production, stress tolerance and metabolic adaptation. Forming biofilm is one of the crucial mechanisms of bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR). A common feature of human pathogens is the ability to form biofilm, which poses a serious medical issue due to their high susceptibility to traditional antibiotics. Because QS is associated with virulence and biofilm formation, there is a belief that inhibition of QS activity called quorum quenching (QQ) may provide alternative therapeutic methods for treating microbial infections. This review summarises recent progress in biofilm research, focusing on the mechanisms by which biofilms, especially those formed by pathogenic bacteria, become resistant to antibiotic treatment. Subsequently, a potential alternative approach to QS inhibition highlighting innovative non-antibiotic strategies to control AMR and biofilm formation of pathogenic bacteria has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Juszczuk-Kubiak
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Lamichhane B, Mawad AMM, Saleh M, Kelley WG, Harrington PJ, Lovestad CW, Amezcua J, Sarhan MM, El Zowalaty ME, Ramadan H, Morgan M, Helmy YA. Salmonellosis: An Overview of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Innovative Approaches to Mitigate the Antimicrobial Resistant Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:76. [PMID: 38247636 PMCID: PMC10812683 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen and a leading cause of gastroenteritis in humans and animals. Salmonella is highly pathogenic and encompasses more than 2600 characterized serovars. The transmission of Salmonella to humans occurs through the farm-to-fork continuum and is commonly linked to the consumption of animal-derived food products. Among these sources, poultry and poultry products are primary contributors, followed by beef, pork, fish, and non-animal-derived food such as fruits and vegetables. While antibiotics constitute the primary treatment for salmonellosis, the emergence of antibiotic resistance and the rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella strains have highlighted the urgency of developing antibiotic alternatives. Effective infection management necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the pathogen's epidemiology and transmission dynamics. Therefore, this comprehensive review focuses on the epidemiology, sources of infection, risk factors, transmission dynamics, and the host range of Salmonella serotypes. This review also investigates the disease characteristics observed in both humans and animals, antibiotic resistance, pathogenesis, and potential strategies for treatment and control of salmonellosis, emphasizing the most recent antibiotic-alternative approaches for infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibek Lamichhane
- Department of Veterinary Science, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Asmaa M. M. Mawad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Saleh
- Department of Veterinary Science, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - William G. Kelley
- Department of Veterinary Science, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Patrick J. Harrington
- Department of Veterinary Science, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Cayenne W. Lovestad
- Department of Veterinary Science, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Jessica Amezcua
- Department of Veterinary Science, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Mohamed M. Sarhan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University (KSIU), Ras Sudr 8744304, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. El Zowalaty
- Veterinary Medicine and Food Security Research Group, Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi Women’s Campus, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi 41012, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hazem Ramadan
- Hygiene and Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Melissa Morgan
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Yosra A. Helmy
- Department of Veterinary Science, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
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Ungor I, Apidianakis Y. Bacterial synergies and antagonisms affecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence in the human lung, skin and intestine. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:141-155. [PMID: 37843410 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa requires a significant breach in the host defense to cause an infection. While its virulence factors are well studied, its tropism cannot be explained only by studying its interaction with the host. Why are P. aeruginosa infections so rare in the intestine compared with the lung and skin? There is not enough evidence to claim specificity in virulence factors deployed by P. aeruginosa in each anatomical site, and host physiology differences between the lung and the intestine cannot easily explain the observed differences in virulence. This perspective highlights a relatively overlooked parameter in P. aeruginosa virulence, namely, potential synergies with bacteria found in the human skin and lung, as well as antagonisms with bacteria of the human intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izel Ungor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, 2109, Cyprus
| | - Yiorgos Apidianakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, 2109, Cyprus
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Haouam C, Boudiba S, Tamfu AN, Kucukaydin S, Hanini K, Zohra HF, Hioun S, Botezatu AD, Ceylan Ö, Boudiba L, Duru ME, Dinica RM. Assessment of Chemical Composition and In Vitro Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Anticholinesterase and Microbial Virulence-Quenching Effects of Salad Burnet ( Sanguisorba minor L.) Harvested from Algeria. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4134. [PMID: 38140461 PMCID: PMC10748046 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Sanguisorba minor is a medicinal vegetable used in seasoning desserts, juices, and beverages. An evaluation of the total flavonoid, phenolic, tannin and anthocyanin contents indicated that these classes of compounds are distributed variably in the different fractions. In summary, the HPLC-DAD analyses enabled the identification and quantification of thirteen phenolic compounds in an ethyl acetate extract (EAE), nine in a dichloromethane extract (DCME), seven in an aqueous extract (AQE) and four in a butanol extract (BE). Rutin was the most abundant phenolic compound in the BE (278.4 ± 1.20 µg/g) and AQE (32.87 ± 0.23 µg/g) fractions, while apigenin was the most abundant in the DCME (84.75 ± 0.60 µg/g) and EAE (156.8 ± 0.95 µg/g) fractions. The presence of phenolic compounds in the fractions conferred good antioxidant capacity, especially the EAE and DCME fractions, which both exhibited higher antioxidant effects than BHA and α-tocopherol in DPPH• and CUPRAC assays. Additionally, in the ABTS•+ assay, EAE (IC50 = 9.27 ± 0.33 µg/mL) was more active than α-tocopherol (IC50 = 35.50 ± 0.55 µg/mL), and BHA (IC50 = 12.70 ± 0.10 µg/mL). At 200 µg/mL, the fractions inhibited acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase as well as α-amylase and α-glucosidase, indicating that they can slow neurodegeneration and hyperglycemia. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 0.312 mg/mL to 1.25 mg/mL, and fractions showed good biofilm inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The extracts exhibited good violacein inhibition in Chromobacterium violaceum CV12472 and Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, despite the supply of external acyl-homoserine lactone to CV026. The antioxidant, quorum-sensing, antibiofilm and enzyme inhibition attributes indicate the potential for the application of S. minor as a food preservative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chahrazed Haouam
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Renewable Energies (LACRE), Echahid Cheikh Larbi Tebessi University, Constantine Road, Tebessa 12002, Algeria (H.F.Z.)
| | - Sameh Boudiba
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Renewable Energies (LACRE), Echahid Cheikh Larbi Tebessi University, Constantine Road, Tebessa 12002, Algeria (H.F.Z.)
| | - Alfred Ngenge Tamfu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Industries, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
- Food Quality Control and Analysis Program, Ula Ali Kocman Vocational School, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla 48147, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla 48000, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Kucukaydin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla 48000, Turkey
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Koycegiz Vocational School of Health Services, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla 48800, Turkey
| | - Karima Hanini
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Renewable Energies (LACRE), Echahid Cheikh Larbi Tebessi University, Constantine Road, Tebessa 12002, Algeria (H.F.Z.)
| | - Haouaouchi Fatma Zohra
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Renewable Energies (LACRE), Echahid Cheikh Larbi Tebessi University, Constantine Road, Tebessa 12002, Algeria (H.F.Z.)
- Laboratory of Organic Materials and Heterochemistry (LOMH), Echahid Cheikh Larbi Tebessi University, Constantine Road, Tebessa 12002, Algeria
| | - Soraya Hioun
- Department of Natural and Life Sciences FSESNV, Echahid Cheikh Larbi Tebessi University, Constantine Road, Tebessa 12002, Algeria
| | - Andreea Dediu Botezatu
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, Dunarea de Jos University, 47 Domneasca Str., 800008 Galati, Romania
| | - Özgür Ceylan
- Food Quality Control and Analysis Program, Ula Ali Kocman Vocational School, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla 48147, Turkey
| | - Louiza Boudiba
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Renewable Energies (LACRE), Echahid Cheikh Larbi Tebessi University, Constantine Road, Tebessa 12002, Algeria (H.F.Z.)
| | - Mehmet Emin Duru
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla 48000, Turkey
| | - Rodica Mihaela Dinica
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, Dunarea de Jos University, 47 Domneasca Str., 800008 Galati, Romania
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Peña-Díaz J, Woodward SE, Creus-Cuadros A, Serapio-Palacios A, Ortiz-Jiménez S, Deng W, Finlay BB. Quorum sensing modulates bacterial virulence and colonization dynamics of the gastrointestinal pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2267189. [PMID: 37842938 PMCID: PMC10580866 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2267189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum Sensing (QS) is a form of cell-to-cell communication that enables bacteria to modify behavior according to their population density. While QS has been proposed as a potential intervention against pathogen infection, QS-mediated communication within the mammalian digestive tract remains understudied. Using an LC-MS/MS approach, we discovered that Citrobacter rodentium, a natural murine pathogen used to model human infection by pathogenic Escherichia coli, utilizes the CroIR system to produce three QS-molecules. We then profiled their accumulation both in vitro and across different gastrointestinal sites over the course of infection. Importantly, we found that in the absence of QS capabilities the virulence of C. rodentium is enhanced. This highlights the role of QS as an effective mechanism to regulate virulence according to the pathogen's spatio-temporal context to optimize colonization and transmission success. These results also demonstrate that inhibiting QS may not always be an effective strategy for the control of virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Peña-Díaz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sarah E. Woodward
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anna Creus-Cuadros
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Antonio Serapio-Palacios
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephanie Ortiz-Jiménez
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Wanyin Deng
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - B. Brett Finlay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Baburova PI, Kladko DV, Lokteva A, Pozhitkova A, Rumyantceva V, Rumyantceva V, Pankov IV, Taskaev S, Vinogradov VV. Magnetic Soft Robot for Minimally Invasive Urethral Catheter Biofilm Eradication. ACS NANO 2023; 17:20925-20938. [PMID: 37871301 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Catheter-related biofilm infection remains the main problem for millions of people annually, affecting morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. Despite the recent advances in the prevention of biofilm formation, alternative methods for biofilm prevention or eradication still should be found to avoid traumatic and expensive removal or catheter replacement. Soft magnetic robots have drawn significant interest in favor of remote control, fast response, and wide space for design. In this work, we demonstrated magnetic soft robots as a minimally invasive, safe, and effective approach to eliminate biofilm from urethral catheters (20 Fr or 5.1 mm in diameter). Seven designs of the robot were fabricated (size 4.5 × 15 mm), characterized, and tested in the presence of a rotating magnetic field. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrated the superior efficiency of biofilm removal on the model of a urethral catheter using a magnetic robot, reaching full eradication for the octagram-shaped robot (velocity 2.88 ± 0.6 mm/s) at a 15 Hz frequency and a 10 mT amplitude. These findings are helpful for the treatment of biofilm-associated catheter contamination, which allows an increase in the catheter wearing time without frequent replacement and treatment of catheter-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina I Baburova
- International Institute "Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies", ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daniil V Kladko
- International Institute "Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies", ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alina Lokteva
- International Institute "Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies", ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna Pozhitkova
- International Institute "Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies", ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Viktoriya Rumyantceva
- International Institute "Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies", ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valeriya Rumyantceva
- International Institute "Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies", ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ilya V Pankov
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Sergey Taskaev
- National Research South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
- Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk 454001, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Vinogradov
- International Institute "Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies", ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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10
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Ban GH, Kim SH, Kang DH, Park SH. Comparison of the efficacy of physical and chemical strategies for the inactivation of biofilm cells of foodborne pathogens. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1679-1702. [PMID: 37780592 PMCID: PMC10533464 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is a strategy in which microorganisms generate a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances to increase survival under harsh conditions. The efficacy of sanitization processes is lowered when biofilms form, in particular on industrial devices. While various traditional and emerging technologies have been explored for the eradication of biofilms, cell resistance under a range of environmental conditions renders evaluation of the efficacy of control challenging. This review aimed to: (1) classify biofilm control measures into chemical, physical, and combination methods, (2) discuss mechanisms underlying inactivation by each method, and (3) summarize the reduction of biofilm cells after each treatment. The review is expected to be useful for future experimental studies and help to guide the establishment of biofilm control strategies in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Hee Ban
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hwan Kim
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kang
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan, Chungnam 32439 Republic of Korea
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11
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Ghosh M, Raghav S, Ghosh P, Maity S, Mohela K, Jain D. Structural analysis of novel drug targets for mitigation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2023; 47:fuad054. [PMID: 37771093 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuad054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen responsible for acute and chronic, hard to treat infections. Persistence of P. aeruginosa is due to its ability to develop into biofilms, which are sessile bacterial communities adhered to substratum and encapsulated in layers of self-produced exopolysaccharides. These biofilms provide enhanced protection from the host immune system and resilience towards antibiotics, which poses a challenge for treatment. Various strategies have been expended for combating biofilms, which involve inhibiting biofilm formation or promoting their dispersal. The current remediation approaches offer some hope for clinical usage, however, treatment and eradication of preformed biofilms is still a challenge. Thus, identifying novel targets and understanding the detailed mechanism of biofilm regulation becomes imperative. Structure-based drug discovery (SBDD) provides a powerful tool that exploits the knowledge of atomic resolution details of the targets to search for high affinity ligands. This review describes the available structural information on the putative target protein structures that can be utilized for high throughput in silico drug discovery against P. aeruginosa biofilms. Integrating available structural information on the target proteins in readily accessible format will accelerate the process of drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Ghosh
- Transcription Regulation Lab, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana-121001, India
| | - Shikha Raghav
- Transcription Regulation Lab, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana-121001, India
| | - Puja Ghosh
- Transcription Regulation Lab, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana-121001, India
| | - Swagatam Maity
- Transcription Regulation Lab, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana-121001, India
| | - Kavery Mohela
- Transcription Regulation Lab, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana-121001, India
| | - Deepti Jain
- Transcription Regulation Lab, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana-121001, India
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Choi V, Rohn JL, Stoodley P, Carugo D, Stride E. Drug delivery strategies for antibiofilm therapy. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:555-572. [PMID: 37258686 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00905-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Although new antibiofilm agents have been developed to prevent and eliminate pathogenic biofilms, their widespread clinical use is hindered by poor biocompatibility and bioavailability, unspecific interactions and insufficient local concentrations. The development of innovative drug delivery strategies can facilitate penetration of antimicrobials through biofilms, promote drug dispersal and synergistic bactericidal effects, and provide novel paradigms for clinical application. In this Review, we discuss the potential benefits of such emerging techniques for improving the clinical efficacy of antibiofilm agents, as well as highlighting the existing limitations and future prospects for these therapies in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Choi
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jennifer L Rohn
- Department of Renal Medicine, Centre for Urological Biology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Stoodley
- Departments of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Microbiology and Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton (nCATS) and National Biofilm Innovation Centre (NBIC), University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Dario Carugo
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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13
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Salman MK, Abuqwider J, Mauriello G. Anti-Quorum Sensing Activity of Probiotics: The Mechanism and Role in Food and Gut Health. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030793. [PMID: 36985366 PMCID: PMC10056907 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell-to-cell communication mechanism that occurs between inter- and intra-bacterial species and is regulated by signaling molecules called autoinducers (AIs). It has been suggested that probiotics can exert a QS inhibitory effect through their metabolites. Purpose: To provide an overview of (1) the anti-QS activity of probiotics and its mechanism against foodborne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria; (2) the potential role of the QS of probiotics in gut health; and (3) the impact of microencapsulation on QS. Results: Lactobacillus species have been extensively studied for their anti-QS activity and have been found to effectively disrupt QS in vitro. However, their effectiveness in a food matrix is yet to be determined as they interfere with the AI receptor or its synthesis. QS plays an important role in both the biofilm formation of probiotics and pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, in vitro and animal studies have shown that QS molecules can modulate cytokine responses and gut dysbiosis and maintain intestinal barrier function. In this scenario, microencapsulation was found to enhance AI activity. However, its impact on the anti-QS activity of probiotics and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Conclusions: Probiotics are potential candidates to block QS activity in foodborne pathogenic and food spoilage bacteria. Microencapsulation increases QS efficacy. However, more research is still needed for the identification of the QS inhibitory metabolites from probiotics and for the elucidation of the anti-QS mechanism of probiotics (microcapsules and free cells) in food and the human gut.
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Weiland-Bräuer N, Saleh L, Schmitz RA. Functional Metagenomics as a Tool to Tap into Natural Diversity of Valuable Biotechnological Compounds. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2555:23-49. [PMID: 36306077 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2795-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The marine ecosystem covers more than 70% of the world's surface, and oceans represent a source of varied types of organisms due to the diversified environment. Consequently, the marine environment is an exceptional depot of novel bioactive natural products, with structural and chemical features generally not found in terrestrial habitats. Here, in particular, microbes represent a vast source of unknown and probably new physiological characteristics. They have evolved during extended evolutionary processes of physiological adaptations under various environmental conditions and selection pressures. However, to date, the biodiversity of marine microbes and the versatility of their bioactive compounds and metabolites have not been fully explored. Thus, metagenomic tools are required to exploit the untapped marine microbial diversity and their bioactive compounds. This chapter focuses on function-based marine metagenomics to screen for bioactive molecules of value for biotechnology. Functional metagenomic strategies are described, including sampling in the marine environment, constructing marine metagenomic large-insert libraries, and examples on function-based screens for quorum quenching and anti-biofilm activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Weiland-Bräuer
- Institute for General Microbiology, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Livía Saleh
- Institute for General Microbiology, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ruth A Schmitz
- Institute for General Microbiology, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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15
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Sikdar R, Elias MH. Evidence for Complex Interplay between Quorum Sensing and Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0126922. [PMID: 36314960 PMCID: PMC9769976 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01269-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell-density-dependent, intercellular communication system mediated by small diffusible signaling molecules. QS regulates a range of bacterial behaviors, including biofilm formation, virulence, drug resistance mechanisms, and antibiotic tolerance. Enzymes capable of degrading signaling molecules can interfere in QS-a process termed as quorum quenching (QQ). Remarkably, previous work reported some cases where enzymatic interference in QS was synergistic to antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The premise of combination therapy is attractive to fight against multidrug-resistant bacteria, yet comprehensive studies are lacking. Here, we evaluate the effects of QS signal disruption on the antibiotic resistance profile of P. aeruginosa by testing 222 antibiotics and antibacterial compounds from 15 different classes. We found compelling evidence that QS signal disruption does indeed affect antibiotic resistance (40% of all tested compounds; 89/222), albeit not always synergistically (not synergistic for 19% of compounds; 43/222). For some tested antibiotics, such as sulfathiazole and trimethoprim, we were able to relate the changes in resistance caused by QS signal disruption to the modulation of the expression of key genes of the folate biosynthetic pathway. Moreover, using a P. aeruginosa-based Caenorhabditis elegans killing model, we confirmed that enzymatic QQ modulates the effects of antibiotics on P. aeruginosa's pathogenicity in vivo. Altogether, these results show that signal disruption has profound and complex effects on the antibiotic resistance profile of P. aeruginosa. This work suggests that combination therapy including QQ and antibiotics should be discussed not globally but, rather, in case-by-case studies. IMPORTANCE Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell-density-dependent communication system used by a wide range of bacteria to coordinate behaviors. Strategies pertaining to the interference in QS are appealing approaches to control microbial behaviors that depend on QS, including virulence and biofilms. Interference in QS was previously reported to be synergistic with antibiotics, yet no systematic assessment exists. Here, we evaluate the potential of combination treatments using the model opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14. In this model, collected data demonstrate that QS largely modulates the antibiotic resistance profile of PA14 (for more than 40% of the tested drugs). However, the outcome of combination treatments is synergistic for only 19% of them. This research demonstrates the complex relationship between QS and antibiotic resistance and suggests that combination therapy including QS inhibitors and antibiotics should be discussed not globally but, rather, in case-by-case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Sikdar
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mikael H. Elias
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
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16
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Wang Y, Sun M, Cui X, Gao Y, Lv X, Li J, Bai F, Li X, Zhang D, Zhou K. Peptide LQLY3-1, a novel Vibrio harveyi quorum sensing inhibitor produced by Lactococcus lactis LY3-1. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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17
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Gupta DS, Kumar MS. The implications of quorum sensing inhibition in bacterial antibiotic resistance- with a special focus on aquaculture. J Microbiol Methods 2022; 203:106602. [PMID: 36270462 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aquaculture industry is an expanding and demanding industry and due to an increase in urbanization, with rise in income of developing countries population, it offers to provide a sustainable food supply. However, the industry is facing a number of challenges, out of which few needs to be tackled immediately to maximise the productivity. An upcoming problem is the emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogens due to the unchecked use of antibiotics in aquaculture and human clinical practices. A wide variety of aquatic pathogens such as Edwardsiella, Vibrio, and Aeromonas spp. use quorum sensing (QS) systems, a regulatory process involving cell communication via signalling molecules for the collective function of pathogens which regulates the genes expression including virulent genes. Quorum sensing results in bacterial biofilms formation, which leads to their reduced susceptibility towards antimicrobial agents. The usage of quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs) has been proposed as an attractive strategy to tackle this problem. Due to the modulation of virulence genes expression, QSIs can be used as novel and viable approach to overcome antibiotic resistance in aquaculture. In this review, we direct our attention to the quorum sensing phenomenon and its viability as a target pathway for tackling the ever-growing problem of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture. This review also provides a concise compilation of the currently available QSIs and investigates possible natural sources for quorum quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv S Gupta
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'(S) NMIMS, Vile Parle (w), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Maushmi S Kumar
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'(S) NMIMS, Vile Parle (w), Mumbai 400056, India.
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18
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Wang D, Cui F, Ren L, Tan X, Li Q, Li J, Li T. Enhancing the Inhibition Potential of AHL Acylase PF2571 against Food Spoilage by Remodeling Its Substrate Scope via a Computationally Driven Protein Design. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:14510-14521. [PMID: 36331356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) acylases are widely used as quorum sensing (QS) blockers to inhibit bacterial food spoilage. However, their substrate specificity for long-chain substrates weakens their efficiency. In this study, a computer-assisted design of AHL acylase PF2571 was performed to modify its substrate scope. The results showed that the variant PF2571H194Y, L221R could effectively quench N-hexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone and N-octanoyl-l-homoserine lactone without impairing its activity against long-chain AHLs. Kinetic analysis of the enzymatic activities further corroborated the observed substrate expansion. The inhibitory activities of this variant were significantly enhanced against the QS phenotype of Aeromonas veronii BY-8, with inhibition rates of 45.67, 78.25, 54.21, and 54.65% against proteases, motility, biofilms, and extracellular polysaccharides, respectively. Results for molecular dynamics simulation showed that the steric hindrance, induced by residue substitution, could have been responsible for the change in substrate scope. This study dramatically improves the practicability of AHL acylase in controlling food spoilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dangfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Bohai University, Liaoning, Jinzhou121013, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, Wuxi214122, China
| | - Fangchao Cui
- College of Food Science and Technology, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Bohai University, Liaoning, Jinzhou121013, China
| | - Likun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Heilongjiang, Harbin150076, China
| | - Xiqian Tan
- College of Food Science and Technology, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Bohai University, Liaoning, Jinzhou121013, China
| | - Qiuying Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Bohai University, Liaoning, Jinzhou121013, China
| | - Jianrong Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Bohai University, Liaoning, Jinzhou121013, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, Wuxi214122, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Liaoning, Dalian116029, China
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Tripathi S, Purchase D, Govarthanan M, Chandra R, Yadav S. Regulatory and innovative mechanisms of bacterial quorum sensing-mediated pathogenicity: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 195:75. [PMID: 36334179 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10564-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a system of bacteria in which cells communicate with each other; it is linked to cell density in the microbiome. The high-density colony population can provide enough small molecular signals to enable a range of cellular activities, gene expression, pathogenicity, and antibiotic resistance that cause damage to the hosts. QS is the basis of chronic illnesses in human due to microbial sporulation, expression of virulence factors, biofilm formation, secretion of enzymes, or production of membrane vesicles. The transfer of antimicrobial resistance gene (ARG) among antibiotic resistance bacteria is a major public health concern. QS-mediated biofilm is a hub for ARG horizontal gene transfer. To develop innovative approach to prevent microbial pathogenesis, it is essential to understand the role of QS especially in response to environmental stressors such as exposure to antibiotics. This review provides the latest knowledge on the relationship of QS and pathogenicity and explore the novel approach to control QS via quorum quenching (QQ) using QS inhibitors (QSIs) and QQ enzymes. The state-of-the art knowledge on the role of QS and the potential of using QQ will help to overcome the threats of rapidly emerging bacterial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Tripathi
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, School for Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, UP, India
| | - Diane Purchase
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, Hendon, London, NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Muthusamy Govarthanan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Ram Chandra
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, School for Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, UP, India.
| | - Sangeeta Yadav
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, School for Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, UP, India.
- Department of Botany, Vaishno Devi Prashikshan Mahavidyalaya, Gondahi, Kunda, Pratapgarh, India.
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20
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A comparative study of antimicrobial, anti-quorum sensing, anti-biofilm, anti-swarming, and antioxidant activities in flower extracts of pecan (Carya illinoinensis) and chestnut (Castanea sativa). Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:589. [PMID: 36053379 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance, which has increased rapidly in recent years because of uncontrolled and unconscious antibiotic consumption, poses a major threat to public health. The inadequacy of existing antibiotics has increased the need for new, effective, and less toxic antibiotic raw materials or antibiotic derivatives. Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) and Chestnut (Castanea sativa) flowers possess abundant pollen contents and exhibit similar morphological features. The purpose of this study was to compare these two flower extracts in terms of their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Total phenolic content, total flavonoid contents, and phenolic components were also analyzed in aquatic and ethanolic extracts. Antioxidant activities were measured using ferric reducing/antioxidant capacity (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods. Antimicrobial and antifungal activities were compared by means of agar diffusion tests against bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Acinetobacter haemolyticus, and Chromobacterium violaceum, and the yeasts Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. Anti-quorum sensing (anti-QS), anti-biofilm, and anti-swarming (SW) activities were also studied against Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 31532, Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01, respectively. Both extracts were rich in ellagic acid and gallic acid and exhibited similar antioxidant properties. Both flower extracts exhibited high antimicrobial and antifungal activities as well as anti-biofilm, anti-QS, and anti-SW activities.
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21
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Quorum Sensing Orchestrates Antibiotic Drug Resistance, Biofilm Formation, and Motility in Escherichia coli and Quorum Quenching Activities of Plant-derived Natural Products: A Review. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.3.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a type of cell-to-cell communication that is influenced by an increase in signaling molecules known as autoinducers, which is correlated to the increase in the density of microbial communities. In this review, we aim to discuss and provide updates on the different signaling molecules used by Escherichia coli, such as acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL), autoinducer-2 (AI-2), and indole to influence key phenotypes such as antibiotic drug resistance, biofilm formation, and motility during quorum sensing. Based on the literature, E. coli signaling molecules have different functions during cell-to-cell communication such that the increase in AHL and indole was found to cause the modulation of antibiotic resistance and inhibition of biofilm formation and motility. Meanwhile, AI-2 is known to modulate biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, and motility. On the other hand, in the existing literature, we found that various plants possess phytochemicals that can be used to alter QS and its downstream key phenotypes such as biofilm formation, swimming and swarming motility, and genes related to motility, curli and AI-2 production. However, the exact physiological and molecular mechanisms of these natural compounds are still understudied. Understanding the mechanisms of those phytochemicals during QS are therefore highly recommended to conduct as a necessary step for future scholars to develop drugs that target the actions of QS-signaling molecules and receptors linked to antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, and motility without putting bacteria under stress, thereby preventing the development of drug resistance.
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22
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Nano-Formulation Endows Quorum Quenching Enzyme-Antibiotic Hybrids with Improved Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147632. [PMID: 35886980 PMCID: PMC9321661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria coupled with the shortage of efficient antibacterials is one of the most serious unresolved problems for modern medicine. In this study, the nano-hybridization of the clinically relevant antibiotic, gentamicin, with the bacterial pro-pathological cell-to-cell communication-quenching enzyme, acylase, is innovatively employed to increase its antimicrobial efficiency against Pseudomonas aeruginosa planktonic cells and biofilms. The sonochemically generated hybrid gentamicin/acylase nano-spheres (GeN_AC NSs) showed a 16-fold improved bactericidal activity when compared with the antibiotic in bulk form, due to the enhanced physical interaction and disruption of the P. aeruginosa cell membrane. The nano-hybrids attenuated 97 ± 1.8% of the quorum sensing-regulated virulence factors’ production and inhibited the bacterium biofilm formation in an eight-fold lower concentration than the stand-alone gentamicin NSs. The P. aeruginosa sensitivity to GeN_AC NSs was also confirmed in a real time assay monitoring the bacterial cells elimination, using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation. In protein-enriched conditions mimicking the in vivo application, these hybrid nano-antibacterials maintained their antibacterial and antibiofilm effectiveness at concentrations innocuous to human cells. Therefore, the novel GeN_AC NSs with complementary modes of action show potential for the treatment of P. aeruginosa biofilm infections at a reduced antibiotic dosage.
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23
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Das BC, Adil Shareef M, Das S, Nandwana NK, Das Y, Saito M, Weiss LM. Boron-Containing heterocycles as promising pharmacological agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 63:116748. [PMID: 35453036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of the "magic" boron atom has been established as an important new strategy in the field of medicinal chemistry as boron compounds have been shown to form various bonds with their biological targets. Currently, a number of boron-based drugs (e.g. bortezomib, crisaborole, and tavaborole) have been FDA approved and are in the clinic, and several other boron-containing compounds are in clinical trials. Boron-based heterocycles have an incredible potential in the ongoing quest for new therapeutic agents owing to their plethora of biological activities and useful pharmacokinetic profiles. The present perspective is intended to review the pharmacological applications of boron-based heterocycles that have been published. We have classified these compounds into groups exhibiting shared pharmacological activities and discussed their corresponding biological targets focusing mainly on the most potent therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar C Das
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Department of Medicine and Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Mohammed Adil Shareef
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Sasmita Das
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Nitesh K Nandwana
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Yogarupa Das
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Mariko Saito
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Louis M Weiss
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Department of Pathology Division of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY-10461, USA
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Zinc(II) Complexes with Dimethyl 2,2′-Bipyridine-4,5-dicarboxylate: Structure, Antimicrobial Activity and DNA/BSA Binding Study. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10060071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Two zinc(II) complexes with dimethyl 2,2′-bipyridine-4,5-dicarboxylate (py-2py) of the general formula [Zn(py-2py)X2], X = Cl− (1) and Br− (2) were synthesized and characterized by NMR, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Complexes 1 and 2 are isostructural and adopt a slightly distorted tetrahedral geometry with values of tetrahedral indices τ4 and τ’4 in the range of 0.80–0.85. The complexes were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against two bacterial (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus) and two fungal strains (Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis), while their cytotoxicity was tested on the normal human lung fibroblast cell line (MRC-5) and the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Complex 1 showed moderate activity against both Candida strains. However, this complex was twofold more cytotoxic compared to complex 2. The complexes tested had no effect on the survival rate of C. elegans. Complex 2 showed the ability to inhibit filamentation of C. albicans, while complex 1 was more effective than complex 2 in inhibiting biofilm formation. The interactions of complexes 1 and 2 with calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were studied to evaluate their binding affinity toward these biomolecules.
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25
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Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-Derived Biosurfactant Attenuates Quorum Sensing-Mediated Virulence and Biofilm Formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Chromobacterium violaceum. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10051026. [PMID: 35630468 PMCID: PMC9145448 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10051026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) controls the expression of diverse biological traits in bacteria, including virulence factors. Any natural bioactive compound that disables the QS system is being considered as a potential strategy to prevent bacterial infection. Various biological activities of biosurfactants have been observed, including anti-QS effects. In the present study, we investigated the effectiveness of a biosurfactant derived from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on QS-regulated virulence factors and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Chromobacterium violaceum. The structural analogues of the crude biosurfactant were identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Moreover, the inhibitory prospects of identified structural analogues were assessed with QS-associated CviR, LasA, and LasI ligands via in silico molecular docking analysis. An L. plantarum-derived biosurfactant showed a promising dose-dependent interference with the production of both violacein and acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) in C. violaceum. In P. aeruginosa, at a sub-MIC concentration (2.5 mg/mL), QS inhibitory activity was also demonstrated by reduction in pyocyanin (66.63%), total protease (60.95%), LasA (56.62%), and LasB elastase (51.33%) activity. The swarming motility and exopolysaccharide production were also significantly reduced in both C. violaceum (61.13%) and P. aeruginosa (53.11%). When compared with control, biofilm formation was also considerably reduced in C. violaceum (68.12%) and P. aeruginosa (59.80%). A GC–MS analysis confirmed that the crude biosurfactant derived from L. plantarum was a glycolipid type. Among all, n-hexadecanoic acid, oleic acid, and 1H-indene,1-hexadecyl-2,3-dihydro had a high affinity for CviR, LasI, and LasA, respectively. Thus, our findings suggest that the crude biosurfactant of L. plantarum can be used as a new anti-QS/antibiofilm agent against biofilm-associated pathogenesis, which warrants further investigation to uncover its therapeutic efficacy.
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Gut health benefit and application of postbiotics in animal production. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:38. [PMID: 35392985 PMCID: PMC8991504 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00688-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut homeostasis is of importance to host health and imbalance of the gut usually leads to disorders or diseases for both human and animal. Postbiotics have been applied in manipulating of gut health, and utilization of postbiotics threads new lights into the host health. Compared with the application of probiotics, the characteristics such as stability and safety of postbiotics make it a potential alternative to probiotics. Studies have reported the beneficial effects of components derived from postbiotics, mainly through the mechanisms including inhibition of pathogens, strengthen gut barrier, and/or regulation of immunity of the host. In this review, we summarized the characteristics of postbiotics, main compounds of postbiotics, potential mechanisms in gut health, and their application in animal production.
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Stevanović NL, Kljun J, Aleksic I, Bogojevic SS, Milivojevic D, Veselinovic A, Turel I, Djuran MI, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Glišić BĐ. Clinically used antifungal azoles as ligands for gold(III) complexes: the influence of the Au(III) ion on the antimicrobial activity of the complex. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:5322-5334. [PMID: 35293926 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00411a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In a search for novel antimicrobial metal-based therapeutic agents, mononuclear gold(III) complexes 1-7 of the general formula [AuCl3(azole)], where azole stands for imidazole (im, 1), 1-isopropylimidazole (ipim, 2), 1-phenylimidazole (phim, 3), clotrimazole (ctz, 4), econazole (ecz, 5), tioconazole (tcz, 6) and voriconazole (vcz, 7) were synthesized, characterized and biologically evaluated. In all complexes, the corresponding azole ligand is monodentately coordinated to the Au(III) via the imidazole or triazole nitrogen atom, while the remaining coordination sites are occupied by chloride anions leading to the square-planar arrangement. In vitro antimicrobial assays showed that the complexation of inactive azoles, imidazole, 1-isopropylimidazole and 1-phenylimidazole, to the Au(III) ion led to complexes 1-3, respectively, with moderate activity against the investigated strains and low cytotoxicity on the human normal lung fibroblast cell line (MRC-5). Moreover, gold(III) complexes 4-7 with clinically used antifungal agents clotrimazole, econazole, tioconazole and voriconazole, respectively, have, in most cases, enhanced antimicrobial effectiveness relative to the corresponding azoles, with the best improvement achieved after complexation of tioconazole (6) and voriconazole (7). The complexes 4-7 and the corresponding antifungal azoles inhibited the growth of dermatophyte Microsporum canis at 50 and 25 μg mL-1. Gold(III) complexes 1-3 significantly reduced the amount of ergosterol in the cell membrane of Candida albicans at the subinhibitory concentration of 0.5 × MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration), while the corresponding imidazole ligands did not significantly affect the ergosterol content, indicating that the mechanism of action of the gold(III)-azole complexes is associated with inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis. Finally, complexes 5 and 6 significantly reduced the production of pyocyanin, a virulence factor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa controlled by quorum sensing, and increased cell survival after exposure to this bacterium. These findings could be of importance for the development of novel gold(III)-based antivirulence therapeutic agents that attenuate virulence without pronounced effect on the growth of the pathogens, offering a lower risk for resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Lj Stevanović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Jakob Kljun
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ivana Aleksic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Sanja Skaro Bogojevic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Dusan Milivojevic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandar Veselinovic
- University of Niš, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Chemistry, Blvd. Dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18108 Niš, Serbia
| | - Iztok Turel
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Miloš I Djuran
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Biljana Đ Glišić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
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Lacava PT, Bogas AC, Cruz FDPN. Plant Growth Promotion and Biocontrol by Endophytic and Rhizospheric Microorganisms From the Tropics: A Review and Perspectives. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.796113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the tropics harbor a wide variety of crops to feed the global population. Rapid population expansion and the consequent major demand for food and agriculture-based products generate initiatives for tropical forest deforestation, which contributes to land degradation and the loss of macro and micronative biodiversity of ecosystems. Likewise, the entire dependence on fertilizers and pesticides also contributes to negative impacts on environmental and human health. To guarantee current and future food safety, as well as natural resource preservation, systems for sustainable crops in the tropics have attracted substantial attention worldwide. Therefore, the use of beneficial plant-associated microorganisms is a promising sustainable way to solve issues concerning modern agriculture and the environment. Efficient strains of bacteria and fungi are a rich source of natural products that might improve crop yield in numerous biological ways, such as nitrogen fixation, hormone production, mobilization of insoluble nutrients, and mechanisms related to plant biotic and abiotic stress alleviation. Additionally, these microorganisms also exhibit great potential for the biocontrol of phytopathogens and pest insects. This review addresses research regarding endophytic and rhizospheric microorganisms associated with tropical plants as a sustainable alternative to control diseases and enhance food production to minimize ecological damage in tropical ecosystems.
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Suissa R, Oved R, Jankelowitz G, Turjeman S, Koren O, Kolodkin-Gal I. Molecular genetics for probiotic engineering: dissecting lactic acid bacteria. Trends Microbiol 2022; 30:293-306. [PMID: 34446338 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The composition of the gut microbiome is greatly influenced by nutrition and dietary alterations which can also induce large temporary microbial shifts. However, the molecular mechanisms that promote these changes remain to be determined. Species of the family Lactobacillaceae and Bacillus species are genetically manipulatable bacteria that are naturally found in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract and are often considered models of beneficial microbiota. Here, we identify specific conserved molecular pathways that play a key role in host colonization by beneficial members of the microbiota. In particular, we highlight three pathways important to the success of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the GI tract: glycolysis and fermentation, microbial communication via membrane vesicles, and condition-dependent antibiotic production. We elaborate on how the understanding of these circuits can lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches to combat GI tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Suissa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rela Oved
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Sondra Turjeman
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Zefad, Israel
| | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Zefad, Israel.
| | - Ilana Kolodkin-Gal
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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30
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Recent Advance in Small Molecules Targeting RhlR of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020274. [PMID: 35203876 PMCID: PMC8868144 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic gram-negative pathogen that can cause various infections, particularly in patients with compromised host defenses. P. aeruginosa forms biofilms and produces virulence factors through quorum sensing (QS) network, resulting in resistance to antibiotics. RhlI/RhlR, one of key QS systems in P. aeruginosa, is considered an attractive target for inhibiting biofilm formation and attenuating virulence factors. Several recent studies examined small molecules targeting the RhlI/RhlR system and their in vitro and in vivo biological activities. In this review, RhlR-targeted modulators, including agonists and antagonists, are discussed with particular focus on structure-activity relationship studies and outlook for next-generation anti-biofilm agents.
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Murugaiyan J, Kumar PA, Rao GS, Iskandar K, Hawser S, Hays JP, Mohsen Y, Adukkadukkam S, Awuah WA, Jose RAM, Sylvia N, Nansubuga EP, Tilocca B, Roncada P, Roson-Calero N, Moreno-Morales J, Amin R, Kumar BK, Kumar A, Toufik AR, Zaw TN, Akinwotu OO, Satyaseela MP, van Dongen MBM. Progress in Alternative Strategies to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance: Focus on Antibiotics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:200. [PMID: 35203804 PMCID: PMC8868457 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance, and, in a broader perspective, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), continues to evolve and spread beyond all boundaries. As a result, infectious diseases have become more challenging or even impossible to treat, leading to an increase in morbidity and mortality. Despite the failure of conventional, traditional antimicrobial therapy, in the past two decades, no novel class of antibiotics has been introduced. Consequently, several novel alternative strategies to combat these (multi-) drug-resistant infectious microorganisms have been identified. The purpose of this review is to gather and consider the strategies that are being applied or proposed as potential alternatives to traditional antibiotics. These strategies include combination therapy, techniques that target the enzymes or proteins responsible for antimicrobial resistance, resistant bacteria, drug delivery systems, physicochemical methods, and unconventional techniques, including the CRISPR-Cas system. These alternative strategies may have the potential to change the treatment of multi-drug-resistant pathogens in human clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaseelan Murugaiyan
- Department of Biological Sciences, SRM University-AP, Guntur District, Amaravati 522240, India;
| | - P. Anand Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Gannavaram 521102, India;
| | - G. Srinivasa Rao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati 517502, India;
| | - Katia Iskandar
- Department of Mathématiques Informatique et Télécommunications, Université Toulouse III, Paul Sabatier, INSERM, UMR 1295, 31000 Toulouse, France;
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut 6573, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut 6573, Lebanon
| | | | - John P. Hays
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre (Erasmus MC), 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Yara Mohsen
- Department of Epidemiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt;
- Infectious Disease Clinical Pharmacist, Antimicrobial Stewardship Department, International Medical Center Hospital, Cairo 11511, Egypt
| | - Saranya Adukkadukkam
- Department of Biological Sciences, SRM University-AP, Guntur District, Amaravati 522240, India;
| | - Wireko Andrew Awuah
- Faculty of Medicine, Sumy State University, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine; (W.A.A.); (A.-R.T.)
| | - Ruiz Alvarez Maria Jose
- Research Coordination and Support Service, National Institute of Health (ISS) Viale Regina -Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Nanono Sylvia
- Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI), College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala 7072, Uganda;
| | | | - Bruno Tilocca
- Department of Health Science, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (B.T.); (P.R.)
| | - Paola Roncada
- Department of Health Science, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (B.T.); (P.R.)
| | - Natalia Roson-Calero
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.-C.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - Javier Moreno-Morales
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.-C.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - Rohul Amin
- James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh;
| | - Ballamoole Krishna Kumar
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, India;
| | - Abishek Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India;
| | - Abdul-Rahman Toufik
- Faculty of Medicine, Sumy State University, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine; (W.A.A.); (A.-R.T.)
| | - Thaint Nadi Zaw
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
| | - Oluwatosin O. Akinwotu
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, India;
- Environmental and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, 200132 Ibadan, Nigeria
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Wang D, Chen H, Li J, Li T, Ren L, Liu J, Shen Y. Screening and validation of quorum quenching enzyme PF2571 from Pseudomonas fluorescens strain PF08 to inhibit the spoilage of red sea bream filets. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 362:109476. [PMID: 34798478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria are the main cause of spoilage for fish and fishery products. Through the inactivation of the quorum sensing (QS) system, quorum quenching (QQ) enzymes can block the synthesis of bacterial virulence factors and effectively inhibit bacteria-induced food spoilage. This study analyzed the changes of microbiota in red sea bream filets during refrigerated storage. The results showed a decrease in microbial diversity with storage time, with Aeromonas veronii becoming the dominant bacteria on day 4. A novel N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHL) acylase PF2571, from the screened QQ bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens PF08, was identified and expressed in Escherichia coli to evaluate its QQ efficiency and effects on spoilage potential. Spoilage-related QS factors of A. veronii BY-8, including biofilm formation, motility, and protease, lipase, and alginate production, were inhibited by PF2571. Its inhibitory effect on red sea bream spoilage was demonstrated by the lower freshness indicators for PF2571 treated filets. Our study demonstrates the potential of the QQ enzyme for prolonging the shelf life of fish and fishery products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dangfeng Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Haitao Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jianrong Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China.
| | - Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresource Utilization (Dalian Minzu University), Ministry of Education, Dalian, Liaoning 116029, China
| | - Likun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, China
| | - Jingyun Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
| | - Yue Shen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China
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Lichtenberg M, Jakobsen TH, Kühl M, Kolpen M, Jensen PØ, Bjarnsholt T. OUP accepted manuscript. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46:6574409. [PMID: 35472245 PMCID: PMC9438473 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mads Lichtenberg
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, København, Denmark
| | - Tim Holm Jakobsen
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, København, Denmark
| | - Michael Kühl
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, 3000 Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Mette Kolpen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Ole Maaløes vej 26, 2200, København, Denmark
| | - Peter Østrup Jensen
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, København, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Ole Maaløes vej 26, 2200, København, Denmark
| | - Thomas Bjarnsholt
- Corresponding author: Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, København, Denmark. Tel: +45 20659888; E-mail:
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Sannathimmappa MB, Nambiar V, Aravindakshan R. Antibiotics at the crossroads - Do we have any therapeutic alternatives to control the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance? JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2021; 10:438. [PMID: 35071644 PMCID: PMC8719572 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_557_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics once regarded as magic bullets are no more considered so. Overuse of antibiotics in humans, agriculture, and animal husbandry has resulted in the emergence of a wide range of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens which are difficult to treat. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious global health problem associated with high mortality in the era of modern medicine. Moreover, in the absence of an effective antibiotic, medical and surgical interventions can highly become a risk. In recent times, the decreased incline of pharmaceutical industries toward research and development of newer effective antibiotics to fight this MDR pathogens have further fuelled the scarcity of antibiotics, thus the number of antibiotics in the pipeline is extremely limited. Hence it is high time for the development of new strategies to fight against dangerous MDR pathogens. Currently, several novel approaches explored by scientists have shown promising results pertaining to their antimicrobial activity against pathogens. In this article, the authors have summarized various novel therapeutic options explored to contain AMR with special attention to the mechanism of action, advantages, and disadvantages of different approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Bilikallahalli Sannathimmappa
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Sohar Campus, Sohar, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Vinod Nambiar
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Sohar Campus, Sohar, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rajeev Aravindakshan
- Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Nolan C, Behrends V. Sub-Inhibitory Antibiotic Exposure and Virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111393. [PMID: 34827331 PMCID: PMC8615142 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a prime opportunistic pathogen, one of the most important causes of hospital-acquired infections and the major cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis lung infections. One reason for the bacterium's pathogenic success is the large array of virulence factors that it can employ. Another is its high degree of intrinsic and acquired resistance to antibiotics. In this review, we first summarise the current knowledge about the regulation of virulence factor expression and production. We then look at the impact of sub-MIC antibiotic exposure and find that the virulence-antibiotic interaction for P. aeruginosa is antibiotic-specific, multifaceted, and complex. Most studies undertaken to date have been in vitro assays in batch culture systems, involving short-term (<24 h) antibiotic exposure. Therefore, we discuss the importance of long-term, in vivo-mimicking models for future work, particularly highlighting the need to account for bacterial physiology, which by extension governs both virulence factor expression and antibiotic tolerance/resistance.
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Parhi S, Pal S, Das SK, Ghosh P. Strategies toward development of antimicrobial biomaterials for dental healthcare applications. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:4590-4622. [PMID: 34599764 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several approaches for elimination of oral pathogens are being explored at the present time since oral diseases remain prevalent affecting approximately 3.5 billion people worldwide. Need for antimicrobial biomaterials in dental healthcare include but is not restricted to designing resin composites and adhesives for prevention of dental caries. Constant efforts are also being made to develop antimicrobial strategies for clearance of endodontic space prior root canal treatment and for treatment of periimplantitis and periodontitis. This article discusses various conventional and nanotechnology-based strategies to achieve antimicrobial efficacy in dental biomaterials. Recent developments in the design and synthesis of antimicrobial peptides and antifouling zwitterionic polymers to effectively lessen the risks of antimicrobial drug resistance are also outlined in this review. Further, the role of contemporary strategies such as use of smart biomaterials, ionic solvent-based biomaterials and quorum quenchers incorporated biomaterials in the elimination of dental pathogens are described in detail. Lastly, we mentioned the approach of using polymers to print custom-made three-dimensional antibacterial dental products via additive manufacturing technologies. This review provides a critical perspective on the chemical, biomimetic, and engineering strategies intended for developing antimicrobial biomaterials that have the potential to substantially improve the dental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Parhi
- Division of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sreyasi Pal
- Division of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Sujoy K Das
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, India.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Paulomi Ghosh
- Division of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, India
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Pant N, Eisen DP. Non-Antimicrobial Adjuvant Strategies to Tackle Biofilm-Related Staphylococcus aureus Prosthetic Joint Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10091060. [PMID: 34572641 PMCID: PMC8465242 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus frequently causes community- and hospital-acquired infections. S. aureus attachment followed by biofilm formation on tissues and medical devices plays a significant role in the establishment of chronic infections. Staphylococcal biofilms encase bacteria in a matrix and protect the cells from antimicrobials and the immune system, resulting in infections that are highly resistant to treatment. The biology of biofilms is complex and varies between organisms. In this review, we focus our discussion on S. aureus biofilms and describe the stages of their formation. We particularly emphasize genetic and biochemical processes that may be vulnerable to novel treatment approaches. Against this background, we discuss treatment strategies that have been successful in animal models of S. aureus biofilm-related infection and consider their possible use for the prevention and eradication of biofilm-related S. aureus prosthetic joint infection.
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Tung TT, Quoc TN. Discovery of novel β-turn mimetic-based peptides as novel quorum sensing inhibitors of gram-negative bacteria. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 46:128170. [PMID: 34091042 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To date, a very limited number of peptides reported as quorum sensing inhibitors. Herein, we report the synthesis and evaluation of a series of β-turn mimetic-based peptides as potent quorum sensing inhibitors and antibiofilm formation. In this series, peptides P1, P4, and P5 showed very promising anti-quorum sensing activity on lasB-gfp reporter strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa without affecting bacterial growth. Under our condition, these compounds also showed good anti-violacein production of Chromobacterium violaceum. In terms of antibiofilm formation, except P5, two β-turn mimetic-based peptides P1 and P4 showed maximum inhibition of 80% total biomass of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This report provides the first β-turn mimetic-based scaffold for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truong Thanh Tung
- Faculty of Pharmacy, PHENIKAA University, Hanoi 12116, Viet Nam; PHENIKAA Institute for Advanced Study (PIAS), PHENIKAA University, Hanoi 12116, Viet Nam.
| | - Thang Nguyen Quoc
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Vinmec International Hospital, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
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Friends or Foes-Microbial Interactions in Nature. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060496. [PMID: 34199553 PMCID: PMC8229319 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Microorganisms like bacteria, archaea, fungi, microalgae, and viruses mostly form complex interactive networks within the ecosystem rather than existing as single planktonic cells. Interactions among microorganisms occur between the same species, with different species, or even among entirely different genera, families, or even domains. These interactions occur after environmental sensing, followed by converting those signals to molecular and genetic information, including many mechanisms and classes of molecules. Comprehensive studies on microbial interactions disclose key strategies of microbes to colonize and establish in a variety of different environments. Knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the microbial interactions is essential to understand the ecological impact of microbes and the development of dysbioses. It might be the key to exploit strategies and specific agents against different facing challenges, such as chronic and infectious diseases, hunger crisis, pollution, and sustainability. Abstract Microorganisms are present in nearly every niche on Earth and mainly do not exist solely but form communities of single or mixed species. Within such microbial populations and between the microbes and a eukaryotic host, various microbial interactions take place in an ever-changing environment. Those microbial interactions are crucial for a successful establishment and maintenance of a microbial population. The basic unit of interaction is the gene expression of each organism in this community in response to biotic or abiotic stimuli. Differential gene expression is responsible for producing exchangeable molecules involved in the interactions, ultimately leading to community behavior. Cooperative and competitive interactions within bacterial communities and between the associated bacteria and the host are the focus of this review, emphasizing microbial cell–cell communication (quorum sensing). Further, metagenomics is discussed as a helpful tool to analyze the complex genomic information of microbial communities and the functional role of different microbes within a community and to identify novel biomolecules for biotechnological applications.
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Stoica C, Cox G. Old problems and new solutions: antibiotic alternatives in food animal production. Can J Microbiol 2021; 67:427-444. [PMID: 33606564 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2020-0601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial resistance crisis is a Global Health challenge that impacts humans, animals, and the environment alike. In response to increased demands for animal protein and by-products, there has been a substantial increase in the use of antimicrobial agents in the animal industry. Indeed, they are extensively used to prevent, control, and (or) treat disease in animals. In addition to infection control, in-feed supplementation with antimicrobials became common practice for growth promotion of livestock. Unfortunately, the global overuse of antimicrobials has contributed to the emergence and spread of resistance. As such, many countries have implemented policies and approaches to eliminate the use of antimicrobials as growth promoters in food animals, which necessitates the need for alternate and One Health strategies to maintain animal health and welfare. This review summarizes the antimicrobial resistance crisis from Global Health and One Health perspectives. In addition, we outline examples of potential alternate strategies to circumvent antimicrobial use in animal husbandry practices, including antivirulence agents, bacteriophages, and nutritional measures to control bacterial pathogens. Overall, these alternate strategies require further research and development efforts, including assessment of efficacy and the associated development, manufacturing, and labor costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Stoica
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Georgina Cox
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Behzadi P, Baráth Z, Gajdács M. It's Not Easy Being Green: A Narrative Review on the Microbiology, Virulence and Therapeutic Prospects of Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:42. [PMID: 33406652 PMCID: PMC7823828 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most frequent cause of infection among non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria, predominantly affecting immunocompromised patients, but its pathogenic role should not be disregarded in immunocompetent patients. These pathogens present a concerning therapeutic challenge to clinicians, both in community and in hospital settings, due to their increasing prevalence of resistance, and this may lead to prolonged therapy, sequelae, and excess mortality in the affected patient population. The resistance mechanisms of P. aeruginosa may be classified into intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms. These mechanisms lead to occurrence of resistant strains against important antibiotics-relevant in the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections-such as β-lactams, quinolones, aminoglycosides, and colistin. The occurrence of a specific resistotype of P. aeruginosa, namely the emergence of carbapenem-resistant but cephalosporin-susceptible (Car-R/Ceph-S) strains, has received substantial attention from clinical microbiologists and infection control specialists; nevertheless, the available literature on this topic is still scarce. The aim of this present review paper is to provide a concise summary on the adaptability, virulence, and antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa to a readership of basic scientists and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Behzadi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 37541-374, Iran;
| | - Zoltán Baráth
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos körút 62-64, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Márió Gajdács
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Li P, Gao Z, Tan Z, Xiao J, Wei L, Chen Y. New developments in anti-biofilm intervention towards effective management of orthopedic device related infections (ODRI's). BIOFOULING 2021; 37:1-35. [PMID: 33618584 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1869725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Orthopedic device related infections (ODRI's) represent a difficult to treat situation owing to their biofilm based nature. Biofilm infections once established are difficult to eradicate even with an aggressive treatment regimen due to their recalcitrance towards antibiotics and immune attack. The involvement of antibiotic resistant pathogens as the etiological agent further worsens the overall clinical picture, pressing on the need to look into alternative treatment strategies. The present review highlightes the microbiological challenges associated with treatment of ODRI's due to biofilm formation on the implant surface. Further, it details the newer anti-infective modalities that work either by preventing biofilm formation and/or through effective disruption of the mature biofilms formed on the medical implant. The study, therefore aims to provide a comprehensive insight into the newer anti-biofilm interventions (non-antibiotic approaches) and a better understanding of their mechanism of action essential for improved management of orthopedic implant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Ya'an People's Hospital, Yaan City, China
| | - Zhenwu Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan City, China
| | - Zhenwei Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, Western Theater Air Force Hospital of PLA, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Ya'an People's Hospital, Yaan City, China
| | - Li Wei
- Nursing Department, Three Gorges Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yirui Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Three Gorges Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Haque M, Islam S, Sheikh MA, Dhingra S, Uwambaye P, Labricciosa FM, Iskandar K, Charan J, Abukabda AB, Jahan D. Quorum sensing: a new prospect for the management of antimicrobial-resistant infectious diseases. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2020; 19:571-586. [PMID: 33131352 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1843427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Quorum-sensing (QS) is a microbial cell-to-cell communication system that utilizes small signaling molecules to mediates interactions between cross-kingdom microorganisms, including Gram-positive and -negative microbes. QS molecules include N-acyl-homoserine-lactones (AHLs), furanosyl borate, hydroxyl-palmitic acid methylester, and methyl-dodecanoic acid. These signaling molecules maintain the symbiotic relationship between a host and the healthy microbial flora and also control various microbial virulence factors. This manuscript has been developed based on published scientific papers. AREAS COVERED Furanones, glycosylated chemicals, heavy metals, and nanomaterials are considered QS inhibitors (QSIs) and are therefore capable of inhibiting the microbial QS system. QSIs are currently being considered as antimicrobial therapeutic options. Currently, the low speed at which new antimicrobial agents are being developed impairs the treatment of drug-resistant infections. Therefore, QSIs are currently being studied as potential interventions targeting QS-signaling molecules and quorum quenching (QQ) enzymes to reduce microbial virulence. EXPERT OPINION QSIs represent a novel opportunity to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, no clinical trials have been conducted thus far assessing their efficacy. With the recent advancements in technology and the development of well-designed clinical trials aimed at targeting various components of the, QS system, these agents will undoubtedly provide a useful alternative to treat infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainul Haque
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Salequl Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Sameer Dhingra
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Trinidad & Tobago
| | - Peace Uwambaye
- Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, University of Rwanda College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | - Katia Iskandar
- Department of Mathématiques Informatique et Télécommunications, Université Toulouse III, Paul Sabatier, INSERM, UMR 1027, F-31000 Toulouse, France.,INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut 6573-14, Lebanon.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut 1106, Lebanon
| | - Jaykaran Charan
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Dilshad Jahan
- Department of Hematology, Asgar Ali Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Grainha T, Jorge P, Alves D, Lopes SP, Pereira MO. Unraveling Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans Communication in Coinfection Scenarios: Insights Through Network Analysis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:550505. [PMID: 33262953 PMCID: PMC7686562 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.550505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern medicine is currently facing huge setbacks concerning infection therapeutics as microorganisms are consistently knocking down every antimicrobial wall set before them. The situation becomes more worrying when taking into account that, in both environmental and disease scenarios, microorganisms present themselves as biofilm communities that are often polymicrobial. This comprises a competitive advantage, with interactions between different species altering host responses, antimicrobial effectiveness, microbial pathogenesis and virulence, usually augmenting the severity of the infection and contributing for the recalcitrance towards conventional therapy. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans are two opportunistic pathogens often co-isolated from infections, mainly from mucosal tissues like the lung. Despite the billions of years of co-existence, this pair of microorganisms is a great example on how little is known about cross-kingdom interactions, particularly within the context of coinfections. Given the described scenario, this study aimed to collect, curate, and analyze all published experimental information on the molecular basis of P. aeruginosa and C. albicans interactions in biofilms, in order to shed light into key mechanisms that may affect infection prognosis, increasing this area of knowledge. Publications were optimally retrieved from PubMed and Web of Science and classified as to their relevance. Data was then systematically and manually curated, analyzed, and further reconstructed as networks. A total of 641 interactions between the two pathogens were annotated, outputting knowledge on important molecular players affecting key virulence mechanisms, such as hyphal growth, and related genes and proteins, constituting potential therapeutic targets for infections related to these bacterial-fungal consortia. Contrasting interactions were also analyzed, and quorum-sensing inhibition approaches were highlighted. All annotated data was made publicly available at www.ceb.uminho.pt/ISCTD, a database already containing similar data for P. aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus communication. This will allow researchers to cut on time and effort when studying this particular subject, facilitating the understanding of the basis of the inter-species and inter-kingdom interactions and how it can be modulated to help design alternative and more effective tailored therapies. Finally, data deposition will serve as base for future dataset integration, whose analysis will hopefully give insights into communications in more complex and varied biofilm communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Grainha
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Paula Jorge
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Diana Alves
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Susana Patrícia Lopes
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria Olívia Pereira
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
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Sotolon is a natural virulence mitigating agent in Serratia marcescens. Arch Microbiol 2020; 203:533-541. [PMID: 32970221 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02039-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Serratia marcescens is an emerging opportunistic bacterium that can cause healthcare-associated infections. The high rate of multidrug resistance and the ability to produce a set of virulence factors, by which it can produce infectious diseases makes it urgent to find an alternative approach to the treatment of such infections. Disarming of virulence by targeting of quorum sensing (QS) as the regulating mechanism of virulence is a promising approach that has no effect on bacterial growth that is considered a key factor in emergence of resistance. This study was designed to investigate the ability of sub-inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of sotolon to attenuate virulence of a clinical isolate of S. marcescens. Sotolon at 25 and 50 μg/ml inhibited 35.2 and 47.5% of biofilm formation, respectively. The inhibition of swimming motility were 41.4 and 69.3%, while that of swarming motility were 77.6 and 86.8% at 25 and 50 µg/ml, respectively. Moreover, sotolon reduced prodigiosin production by 76.6 and 87.6% at concentrations of 25 and 50 µg/ml, respectively. Protease activity was reduced by 25 µg/ml of sotolon by 54.8% and was completely blocked at 50 µg/ml. The relative expression of genes regulating virulence factors decreased by 40% for fimA, 29% for fimC, 59% for flhC, 57% for flhD, 39% for bsmB, 37% for rssB, 49% for rsmA, 54% for pigP, and 62% for shlA gene in the presence of 50 µg/ml sotolon. In conclusion, sotolon is an anti-virulence agent that could be used for the treatment of S.marcescens hospital-acquired infections.
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Ibrahim YM, Abouwarda AM, Omar FA. Effect of kitasamycin and nitrofurantoin at subinhibitory concentrations on quorum sensing regulated traits of Chromobacterium violaceum. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2020; 113:1601-1615. [PMID: 32889593 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-020-01467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a mechanism of intercellular communication in bacteria that received substantial attention as alternate strategy for combating bacterial resistance and the development of new anti-infective agents. The present investigation reports on the assessment of using subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics for the inhibition of QS-regulated phenotypes in Chromobacterium violaceum. Primarily, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of a series of antibiotics were determined by a microdilution method. Subsequently, the inhibitory effects of selected antibiotics on QS-regulated traits, namely violacein and chitinase production, biofilm formation and motility were evaluated using C. violaceum CV026 and C. violaceum ATCC 12472. Results revealed that kitasamycin and nitrofurantoin exhibited the highest quorum sensing inhibitory (QSI) activity. The amount of violacein produced by C. violaceum was significantly reduced in the presence of either kitasamycin or nitrofurantoin. Moreover, the chitinolytic activity, biofilm formation, and motility were also impaired in kitasamycin or nitrofurantoin-treated cultures. We further confirmed QSI effects at the molecular level using molecular docking and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results of molecular docking suggested that both antibiotics can interact with CviR transcriptional regulator of C. violaceum. Furthermore, RT-qPCR revealed the suppressive effect of kitasamycin and nitrofurantoin on five genes under the control of the CviI/CviR system: cviI, cviR, vioB, vioC, and vioD. Giving that kitasamycin and nitrofurantoin are being safely used for decades, this study emphasizes their potential application as antivirulence agents to disarm resistant bacterial strains, making their removal an easier task for the immune system or for another antibacterial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Musa Ibrahim
- Department of Microbiology, General Division of Basic Medical Sciences, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, 12611, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Megahed Abouwarda
- Department of Microbiology, General Division of Basic Medical Sciences, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, 12611, Egypt
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Rocha FR, Regis WFM, Duarte S, Muniz FWMG, Rodrigues LKA. Effect of bioactive compounds on the regulation of quorum sensing network-associated genes and virulence in Streptococcus mutans-A systematic review. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 119:104893. [PMID: 32961379 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on the effect of bioactive compounds and their regulation of quorum sensing (QS)-related and/or -regulated-virulence genes expression in Streptococcus mutans. DESIGN The search strategy was conducted through the electronic databases Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies reporting the effects of natural and synthetic bioactive compounds on the regulation of QS-associated and/or -regulated genes of S. mutans. RESULTS After full-text reading, 19 studies met the inclusion criteria, in most of them, QS-inhibitors from synthetic origin were evaluated, 16 articles described the effect of the compounds on biofilm formation cultivated in vitro and five studies described these effects on adhesion of biofilm-producing cells. Only 2 studies analyzed the potential target-component of the QS. CONCLUSIONS Mostly, the bioactive compounds affected the expression of QS-associated and/or -regulated genes and virulence traits (e.g. adhesion, biofilm formation, acid stress tolerance) of S. mutans. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the target-specific QS-system constituent used by bioactive compounds to achieve QS inhibition as well as validate the use of these compounds in controlling dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco R Rocha
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Zip Code: 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Wanessa F M Regis
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry, and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Simone Duarte
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Francisco W M G Muniz
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lidiany K A Rodrigues
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Zip Code: 60430-170, Brazil.
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Sikdar R, Elias M. Quorum quenching enzymes and their effects on virulence, biofilm, and microbiomes: a review of recent advances. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2020; 18:1221-1233. [PMID: 32749905 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1794815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Numerous bacterial behaviors are regulated by a cell-density dependent mechanism known as Quorum Sensing (QS). QS relies on communication between bacterial cells using diffusible signaling molecules known as autoinducers. QS regulates physiological processes such as metabolism, virulence, and biofilm formation. Quorum Quenching (QQ) is the inhibition of QS using chemical or enzymatic means to counteract behaviors regulated by QS. AREAS COVERED We examine the main, diverse QS mechanisms present in bacterial species, with a special emphasis on AHL-mediated QS. We also discuss key in vitro and in vivo systems in which interference in QS was investigated. Additionally, we highlight promising developments, such as the substrate preference of the used enzymatic quencher, in the application of interference in QS to counter bacterial virulence. EXPERT OPINION Enabled via the recent isolation of highly stable quorum quenching enzymes and/or molecular engineering efforts, the effects of the interference in QS were recently evaluated outside of the traditional model of single species culture. Signal disruption in complex microbial communities was shown to result in the disruption of complex microbial behaviors, and changes in population structures. These new findings, and future studies, may result in significant changes in the traditional views about QS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Sikdar
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics Department and BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota , Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mikael Elias
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics Department and BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota , Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Mishra R, Kushveer JS, Khan MIK, Pagal S, Meena CK, Murali A, Dhayalan A, Venkateswara Sarma V. 2,4-Di-Tert-Butylphenol Isolated From an Endophytic Fungus, Daldinia eschscholtzii, Reduces Virulence and Quorum Sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1668. [PMID: 32849344 PMCID: PMC7418596 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is among the top three gram-negative bacteria according to the WHO’s critical priority list of pathogens against which newer antibiotics are urgently needed and considered a global threat due to multiple drug resistance. This situation demands unconventional antimicrobial strategies such as the inhibition of quorum sensing to alleviate the manifestation of classical resistance mechanisms. Here, we report that 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DBP), isolated from an endophytic fungus, Daldinia eschscholtzii, inhibits the quorum-sensing properties of P. aeruginosa. We have found that treating P. aeruginosa with 2,4-DBP substantially reduced the secretion of virulence factors as well as biofilm, and its associated factors that are controlled by quorum sensing, in a dose-dependent manner. Concomitantly, 2,4-DBP also significantly reduced the expression of quorum sensing-related genes, i.e., lasI, lasR, rhlI, and rhlR significantly. Importantly, 2,4-DBP restricted the adhesion and invasion of P. aeruginosa to the A549 lung alveolar carcinoma cells. In addition, bactericidal assay with 2,4-DBP exhibited synergism with ampicillin to kill P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, our computational studies predicted that 2,4-DBP could bind to the P. aeruginosa quorum-sensing receptors LasR and RhlR. Collectively, these data suggest that 2,4-DBP can be exploited as a standalone drug or in combination with antibiotic(s) as an anti-virulence and anti-biofilm agent to combat the multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Mohd Imran K Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Sudhakar Pagal
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Ayaluru Murali
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
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Santajit S, Seesuay W, Mahasongkram K, Sookrung N, Pumirat P, Ampawong S, Reamtong O, Chongsa-Nguan M, Chaicumpa W, Indrawattana N. Human Single-chain Variable Fragments Neutralize Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum Sensing Molecule, 3O-C12-HSL, and Prevent Cells From the HSL-mediated Apoptosis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1172. [PMID: 32670218 PMCID: PMC7326786 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The quorum sensing (QS) signaling molecule, N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (3O-C12-HSL), contributes to the pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by regulating expression of the bacterial virulence factors that cause intense inflammation and toxicity in the infected host. As such, the QS molecule is an attractive therapeutic target for direct-acting inhibitors. Several substances, both synthetic and naturally derived products, have shown effectiveness against detrimental 3O-C12-HSL activity. Unfortunately, these compounds are relatively toxic to mammalian cells, which limits their clinical application. In this study, fully human single-chain variable fragments (HuscFvs) that bind to P. aeruginosa haptenic 3O-C12-HSL were generated based on the principle of antibody polyspecificity and molecular mimicry of antigenic molecules. The HuscFvs neutralized 3O-C12-HSL activity and prevented mammalian cells from the HSL-mediated apoptosis, as observed by Annexin V/PI staining assay, sub-G1 arrest population investigation, transmission electron microscopy for ultrastructural morphology of mitochondria, and confocal microscopy for nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation. Computerized homology modeling and intermolecular docking predicted that the effective HuscFvs interacted with several regions of the bacterially derived ligand that possibly conferred neutralizing activity. The effective HuscFvs should be tested further in vitro on P. aeruginosa phenotypes as well as in vivo as a sole or adjunctive therapeutic agent against P. aeruginosa infections, especially in antibiotic-resistant cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirijan Santajit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Watee Seesuay
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kodchakorn Mahasongkram
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nitat Sookrung
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornpan Pumirat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sumate Ampawong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Tropical Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Manas Chongsa-Nguan
- Faculty of Public Health and Environment, Pathumthani University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nitaya Indrawattana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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