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Morazzoni C, Sirel M, Allesina S, Veses Garcia M, Kragh K, Pane M, Beilharz K. Proof of concept: real-time viability and metabolic profiling of probiotics with isothermal microcalorimetry. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1391688. [PMID: 38962141 PMCID: PMC11220157 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1391688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a potent analytical method for the real-time assessment of microbial metabolic activity, which serves as an indicator of microbial viability. This approach is highly relevant to the fields of probiotics and Live Biotherapeutic Products (LBPs), offering insights into microbial viability and growth kinetics. One important characteristic of IMC is its ability to measure microbial metabolic activity separately from cellular enumeration. This is particularly useful in situations where continuous tracking of bacterial activity is challenging. The focus on metabolic activity significantly benefits both probiotic research and industrial microbiology applications. IMC's versatility in handling different media matrices allows for the implementation of viability assessments under conditions that mirror those found in various industrial environments or biological models. In our study, we provide a proof of concept for the application of IMC in determining viability and growth dynamics and their correlation with bacterial count in probiotic organisms. Our findings reinforce the potential of IMC as a key method for process enhancement and accurate strain characterization within the probiotic sector. This supports the broader objective of refining the systematic approach and methods used during the development process, thereby providing detailed insights into probiotics and LBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marco Pane
- Probiotical Research s.r.l., Novara, Italy
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Austin PD, Gaisford S, Elia M. The potential for isothermal microcalorimetry to detect venous catheter infection isolates and establish antibiograms. Nutrition 2024; 119:112319. [PMID: 38194818 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Because bloodstream infection and venous catheter (or cannula) bloodstream infection are associated with high morbidity and cost, early identification and treatment are important. Isothermal microcalorimetry can detect microbial growth using thermal power (heat flow), essentially in real time. The aim of this study was to examine the potential of this technique in clinical practice. METHODS Thermal power of wild-type bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterococcus faecium) isolated from blood cultures of adult inpatients receiving parenteral nutrition in routine clinical practice was measured at 37°C every 10s using a Thermometric 2277 instrument. Temporal patterns of heat flow were used to detect the presence of bacteria, differentiate between them, and test their antibiotic sensitivity. Within and between batch reproducibility (% coefficient of variation [%CV]) was also established. RESULTS Isothermal microcalorimetry always correctly detected the absence or presence of wild-type bacteria. Thermograms differed distinctly between species. Key thermographic features, such as peak heights, timing of peak heights, and interval between peak heights, were highly reproducible within each species (within-batch %CV usually about ≤1%, although between-batch %CV was usually higher). The antibiotic sensitivities (tested only for S. epidermidis and K. pneumoniae) confirmed the results obtained from the hospital laboratory. CONCLUSIONS Isothermal microcalorimetry is a promising and highly reproducible real-time measurement technique with potential application to the investigation, species identification, and targeted antibiotic treatment of bloodstream infection and venous catheter (or cannula) bloodstream infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter David Austin
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK; Pharmacy Department, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
| | - Simon Gaisford
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marinos Elia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Yang S, Di Lodovico E, Rupp A, Harms H, Fricke C, Miltner A, Kästner M, Maskow T. Enhancing insights: exploring the information content of calorespirometric ratio in dynamic soil microbial growth processes through calorimetry. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1321059. [PMID: 38371938 PMCID: PMC10869564 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1321059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Catalytic activity of microbial communities maintains the services and functions of soils. Microbial communities require energy and carbon for microbial growth, which they obtain by transforming organic matter (OM), oxidizing a fraction of it and transferring the electrons to various terminal acceptors. Quantifying the relations between matter and energy fluxes is possible when key parameters such as reaction enthalpy (∆rH), energy use efficiency (related to enthalpy) (EUE), carbon use efficiency (CUE), calorespirometric ratio (CR), carbon dioxide evolution rate (CER), and the apparent specific growth rate (μ app ) are known. However, the determination of these parameters suffers from unsatisfying accuracy at the technical (sample size, instrument sensitivity), experimental (sample aeration) and data processing levels thus affecting the precise quantification of relationships between carbon and energy fluxes. To address these questions under controlled conditions, we analyzed microbial turnover processes in a model soil amended using a readily metabolizable substrate (glucose) and three commercial isothermal microcalorimeters (MC-Cal/100P, TAM Air and TAM III) with different sample sizes meaning varying volume-related thermal detection limits (LODv) (0.05- 1 mW L-1). We conducted aeration experiments (aerated and un-aerated calorimetric ampoules) to investigate the influence of oxygen limitation and thermal perturbation on the measurement signal. We monitored the CER by measuring the additional heat caused by CO2 absorption using a NaOH solution acting as a CO2 trap. The range of errors associated with the calorimetrically derived μ app , EUE, and CR was determined and compared with the requirements for quantifying CUE and the degree of anaerobicity (η A ) . Calorimetrically derived μ app and EUE were independent of the instrument used. However, instruments with a low LODv yielded the most accurate results. Opening and closing the ampoules for oxygen and CO2 exchange did not significantly affect metabolic heats. However, regular opening during calorimetrically derived CER measurements caused significant measuring errors due to strong thermal perturbation of the measurement signal. Comparisons between experimentally determined CR, CUE,η A , and modeling indicate that the evaluation of CR should be performed with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyue Yang
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eliana Di Lodovico
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Alina Rupp
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hauke Harms
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Fricke
- Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Anja Miltner
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Kästner
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Maskow
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
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Akhtarian S, Doostmohammadi A, Archonta DE, Kraft G, Brar SK, Rezai P. Microfluidic Sensor Based on Cell-Imprinted Polymer-Coated Microwires for Conductometric Detection of Bacteria in Water. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:943. [PMID: 37887136 PMCID: PMC10605092 DOI: 10.3390/bios13100943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The rapid, inexpensive, and on-site detection of bacterial contaminants using highly sensitive and specific microfluidic sensors is attracting substantial attention in water quality monitoring applications. Cell-imprinted polymers (CIPs) have emerged as robust, cost-effective, and versatile recognition materials with selective binding sites for capturing whole bacteria. However, electrochemical transduction of the binding event to a measurable signal within a microfluidic device to develop easy-to-use, compact, portable, durable, and affordable sensors remains a challenge. For this paper, we employed CIP-functionalized microwires (CIP-MWs) with an affinity towards E. coli and integrated them into a low-cost microfluidic sensor to measure the conductometric transduction of CIP-bacteria binding events. The sensor comprised two CIP-MWs suspended perpendicularly to a PDMS microchannel. The inter-wire electrical resistance of the microchannel was measured before, during, and after exposure of CIP-MWs to bacteria. A decline in the inter-wire resistance of the sensor after 30 min of incubation with bacteria was detected. Resistance change normalization and the subsequent analysis of the sensor's dose-response curve between 0 to 109 CFU/mL bacteria revealed the limits of detection and quantification of 2.1 × 105 CFU/mL and 7.3 × 105 CFU/mL, respectively. The dynamic range of the sensor was 104 to 107 CFU/mL where the bacteria counts were statistically distinguishable from each other. A linear fit in this range resulted in a sensitivity of 7.35 μS per CFU/mL. Experiments using competing Sarcina or Listeria cells showed specificity of the sensor towards the imprinted E. coli cells. The reported CIP-MW-based conductometric microfluidic sensor can provide a cost-effective, durable, portable, and real-time solution for the detection of pathogens in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Akhtarian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (S.A.); (A.D.)
| | - Ali Doostmohammadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (S.A.); (A.D.)
| | - Daphne-Eleni Archonta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (S.A.); (A.D.)
| | - Garrett Kraft
- Sixth Wave Innovations Inc., Halifax, NS B4A 0H3, Canada
| | - Satinder Kaur Brar
- Department of Civil Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;
| | - Pouya Rezai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (S.A.); (A.D.)
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Cinti S, Singh S, Covone G, Tonietti L, Ricciardelli A, Cordone A, Iacono R, Mazzoli A, Moracci M, Rotundi A, Giovannelli D. Reviewing the state of biosensors and lab-on-a- chip technologies: opportunities for extreme environments and space exploration. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1215529. [PMID: 37664111 PMCID: PMC10470837 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1215529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The space race is entering a new era of exploration, in which the number of robotic and human missions to various places in our solar system is rapidly increasing. Despite the recent advances in propulsion and life support technologies, there is a growing need to perform analytical measurements and laboratory experiments across diverse domains of science, while keeping low payload requirements. In this context, lab-on-a-chip nanobiosensors appear to be an emerging technology capable of revolutionizing space exploration, given their low footprint, high accuracy, and low payload requirements. To date, only some approaches for monitoring astronaut health in spacecraft environments have been reported. Although non-invasive molecular diagnostics, like lab-on-a-chip technology, are expected to improve the quality of long-term space missions, their application to monitor microbiological and environmental variables is rarely reported, even for analogous extreme environments on Earth. The possibility of evaluating the occurrence of unknown or unexpected species, identifying redox gradients relevant to microbial metabolism, or testing for specific possible biosignatures, will play a key role in the future of space microbiology. In this review, we will examine the current and potential roles of lab-on-a-chip technology in space exploration and in extreme environment investigation, reporting what has been tested so far, and clarifying the direction toward which the newly developed technologies of portable lab-on-a-chip sensors are heading for exploration in extreme environments and in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cinti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Bioelectronics Task Force at University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sima Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Covone
- Department of Physics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Tonietti
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Angelina Cordone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Iacono
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Arianna Mazzoli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Moracci
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rotundi
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
- INAF-IAPS, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologie Spaziali, Rome, Italy
| | - Donato Giovannelli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- National Research Council–Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies–CNR-IRBIM, Ancona, Italy
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States
- Department of Marine and Coastal Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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Wacogne B, Belinger Podevin M, Vaccari N, Koubevi C, Codjiová C, Gutierrez E, Bourgeois P, Davoine L, Robert-Nicoud M, Rouleau A, Frelet-Barrand A. Absorption/Attenuation Spectral Description of ESKAPEE Bacteria: Application to Seeder-Free Culture Monitoring, Mammalian T-Cell and Bacteria Mixture Analysis and Contamination Description. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23094325. [PMID: 37177529 PMCID: PMC10181643 DOI: 10.3390/s23094325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous innovations, measuring bacteria concentrations on a routine basis is still time consuming and ensuring accurate measurements requires careful handling. Furthermore, it often requires sampling small volumes of bacteria suspensions which might be poorly representative of the real bacteria concentration. In this paper, we propose a spectroscopy measurement method based on a description of the absorption/attenuation spectra of ESKAPEE bacteria. Concentrations were measured with accuracies less than 2%. In addition, mixing the mathematical description of the absorption/attenuation spectra of mammalian T-cells and bacteria allows for the simultaneous measurements of both species' concentrations. This method allows real-time, sampling-free and seeder-free measurement and can be easily integrated into a closed-system environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Wacogne
- Institut FEMTO-ST, Université de Franche-Comté, CNRS, F-25000 Besançon, France
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, INSERM CIC 1431, 25030 Besançon, France
| | | | - Naïs Vaccari
- Institut FEMTO-ST, Université de Franche-Comté, CNRS, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Claudia Koubevi
- Institut FEMTO-ST, Université de Franche-Comté, CNRS, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Céline Codjiová
- Institut FEMTO-ST, Université de Franche-Comté, CNRS, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Emilie Gutierrez
- Institut FEMTO-ST, Université de Franche-Comté, CNRS, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Pauline Bourgeois
- Institut FEMTO-ST, Université de Franche-Comté, CNRS, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Lucie Davoine
- Institut FEMTO-ST, Université de Franche-Comté, CNRS, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | | | - Alain Rouleau
- Institut FEMTO-ST, Université de Franche-Comté, CNRS, F-25000 Besançon, France
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Farto-Vaamonde X, Diaz-Gomez L, Parga A, Otero A, Concheiro A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Perimeter and carvacrol-loading regulate angiogenesis and biofilm growth in 3D printed PLA scaffolds. J Control Release 2022; 352:776-792. [PMID: 36336096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Carvacrol is a natural low-cost compound derived from oregano which presents anti-bacterial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In this work, carvacrol-loaded PLA scaffolds were fabricated by 3D printing as platforms to support bone tissue regeneration while preventing biofilm development. Scaffolds were printed with or without a perimeter (lateral wall) mimicking the cortical structure of bone tissue to further evaluate if the lateral interconnectivity could affect the biological or antimicrobial properties of the scaffolds. Carvacrol incorporation was performed by loading either the PLA filament prior to 3D printing or the already printed PLA scaffold. The loading method determined carvacrol localization in the scaffolds and its release profile. Biphasic profiles were recorded in all cases, but scaffolds loaded post-printed released carvacrol much faster, with 50-80% released in the first day, compared to those containing carvacrol in PLA filament before printing which sustained the release for several weeks. The presence or absence of the perimeter did not affect the release rate, but total amount released. Tissue integration and vascularization of carvacrol-loaded scaffolds were evaluated in a chorioallantoic membrane model (CAM) using a novel quantitative micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis approach. The obtained results confirmed the CAM tissue ingrowth and new vessel formation within the porous structure of the scaffolds after 7 days of incubation, without leading to hemorrhagic or cytotoxic effects. The absence of lateral wall facilitated lateral integration of the scaffolds in the host tissue, although increased the anisotropy of the mechanical properties. Scaffolds loaded with carvacrol post-printing showed antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as observed in a decrease in CFU counting after biofilm detachment, changes in metabolic heat measured by calorimetry, and increased contact killing efficiency. In summary, this work demonstrated the feasibility of tuning carvacrol release rate and the amount released from PLA scaffolds to achieve antibiofilm protection without altering angiogenesis, which was mostly dependent on the perimeter density of the scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xián Farto-Vaamonde
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS), and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luis Diaz-Gomez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS), and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Parga
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Biología, Edificio CiBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Otero
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Biología, Edificio CiBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Concheiro
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS), and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS), and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Baede VO, Tavakol M, Vos MC, Knight GM, van Wamel WJB. Dehydration Tolerance in Epidemic versus Nonepidemic MRSA Demonstrated by Isothermal Microcalorimetry. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0061522. [PMID: 35972129 PMCID: PMC9602581 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00615-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clusters are considered epidemic or nonepidemic based on their ability to spread effectively. Successful transmission could be influenced by dehydration tolerance. Current methods for determination of dehydration tolerance lack accuracy. Here, a climate-controlled in vitro dehydration assay using isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) was developed and linked with mathematical modeling to determine survival of 44 epidemic versus 54 nonepidemic MRSA strains from France, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands after 1 week of dehydration. For each MRSA strain, the growth parameters time to end of first growth phase (tmax [h]) and maximal exponential growth rate (μm) were deduced from IMC data for 3 experimental replicates, 3 different starting inocula, and before and after dehydration. If the maximal exponential growth rate was within predefined margins (±36% of the mean), a linear relationship between tmax and starting inoculum could be utilized to predict log reduction after dehydration for individual strains. With these criteria, 1,330 of 1,764 heat flow curves (data sets) (75%) could be analyzed to calculate the post-dehydration inoculum size, and thus the log reduction due to dehydration, for 90 of 98 strains (92%). Overall reduction was ~1 log after 1 week. No difference in dehydration tolerance was found between the epidemic and nonepidemic strains. Log reduction was negatively correlated with starting inoculum, indicating better survival of higher inocula. This study presents a framework to quantify bacterial survival. MRSA strains showed great capacity to persist in the environment, irrespective of epidemiological success. This finding strengthens the need for effective surface cleaning to contain MRSA transmission. IMPORTANCE Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of infections globally. While some MRSA clusters have spread worldwide, others are not able to disseminate successfully beyond certain regions despite frequent introduction. Dehydration tolerance facilitates transmission in hospital environments through enhanced survival on surfaces and fomites, potentially explaining differences in transmission success between MRSA clusters. Unfortunately, the currently available techniques to determine dehydration tolerance of cluster-forming bacteria like S. aureus are labor-intensive and unreliable due to their dependence on quantitative culturing. In this study, bacterial survival was assessed in a newly developed assay using isothermal microcalorimetry. With this technique, the effect of drying can be determined without the disadvantages of quantitative culturing. In combination with a newly developed mathematical algorithm, we determined dehydration tolerance of a large number of MRSA strains in a systematic, unbiased, and robust manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie O. Baede
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mehri Tavakol
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Margreet C. Vos
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gwenan M. Knight
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Willem J. B. van Wamel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Liang S, Sutham P, Wu K, Mallikarjunan K, Wang JP. Giant Magnetoresistance Biosensors for Food Safety Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22155663. [PMID: 35957220 PMCID: PMC9371012 DOI: 10.3390/s22155663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the increasing number of foodborne disease outbreaks around the globe has aroused the wide attention of the food industry and regulators. During food production, processing, storage, and transportation, microorganisms may grow and secrete toxins as well as other harmful substances. These kinds of food contamination from microbiological and chemical sources can seriously endanger human health. The traditional detection methods such as cell culture and colony counting cannot meet the requirements of rapid detection due to some intrinsic shortcomings, such as being time-consuming, laborious, and requiring expensive instrumentation or a central laboratory. In the past decade, efforts have been made to develop rapid, sensitive, and easy-to-use detection platforms for on-site food safety regulation. Herein, we review one type of promising biosensing platform that may revolutionize the current food surveillance approaches, the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) biosensors. Benefiting from the advances of nanotechnology, hundreds to thousands of GMR biosensors can be integrated into a fingernail-sized area, allowing the higher throughput screening of food samples at a lower cost. In addition, combined with on-chip microfluidic channels and filtration function, this type of GMR biosensing system can be fully automatic, and less operator training is required. Furthermore, the compact-sized GMR biosensor platforms could be further extended to related food contamination and the field screening of other pathogen targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Phanatchakorn Sutham
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Kumar Mallikarjunan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Technique Evolutions for Microorganism Detection in Complex Samples: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12125892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rapid detection of microorganisms is a major challenge in the medical and industrial sectors. In a pharmaceutical laboratory, contamination of medical products may lead to severe health risks for patients, such as sepsis. In the specific case of advanced therapy medicinal products, contamination must be detected as early as possible to avoid late production stop and unnecessary costs. Unfortunately, the conventional methods used to detect microorganisms are based on time-consuming and labor-intensive approaches. Therefore, it is important to find new tools to detect microorganisms in a shorter time frame. This review sums up the current methods and represents the evolution in techniques for microorganism detection. First, there is a focus on promising ligands, such as aptamers and antimicrobial peptides, cheaper to produce and with a broader spectrum of detection. Then, we describe methods achieving low limits of detection, thanks to Raman spectroscopy or precise handling of samples through microfluids devices. The last part is dedicated to techniques in real-time, such as surface plasmon resonance, preventing the risk of contamination. Detection of pathogens in complex biological fluids remains a scientific challenge, and this review points toward important areas for future research.
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Fricke C, Xu J, Jiang F, Liu Y, Harms H, Maskow T. Rapid culture-based detection of Legionella pneumophila using isothermal microcalorimetry with an improved evaluation method. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:1262-1272. [PMID: 32212253 PMCID: PMC7264898 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection and quantification of Legionella pneumophila (responsible for legionnaire's disease) in water samples can be achieved by various methods. However, the culture-based ISO 11731:2017, which is based on counts of colony-forming units per ml (CFU·ml-1 ) is still the gold standard for quantification of Legionella species (spp.). As a powerful alternative, we propose real-time monitoring of the growth of L. pneumophila using an isothermal microcalorimeter (IMC). Our results demonstrate that, depending on the initial concentration of L. pneumophila, detection times of 24-48 h can be reliably achieved. IMC may, therefore, be used as an early warning system for L. pneumophila contamination. By replacing only visual detection of growth by a thermal sensor, but otherwise maintaining the standardized protocol of the ISO 11731:2017, the new procedure could easily be incorporated into existing standards. The exact determination of the beginning of metabolic heat is often very difficult because at the beginning of the calorimetric signal the thermal stabilization and the metabolic heat development overlap. Here, we propose a new data evaluation based on the first derivation of the heat flow signal. The improved evaluation method can further reduce detection times and significantly increase the reliability of the IMC approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Fricke
- Department of Environmental MicrobiologyHelmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research – UFZLeipzigGermany
| | - Juan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education)College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Feng‐Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education)College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education)College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Hauke Harms
- Department of Environmental MicrobiologyHelmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research – UFZLeipzigGermany
| | - Thomas Maskow
- Department of Environmental MicrobiologyHelmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research – UFZLeipzigGermany
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Ali AA, Altemimi AB, Alhelfi N, Ibrahim SA. Application of Biosensors for Detection of Pathogenic Food Bacteria: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2020; 10:E58. [PMID: 32486225 PMCID: PMC7344754 DOI: 10.3390/bios10060058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The use of biosensors is considered a novel approach for the rapid detection of foodborne pathogens in food products. Biosensors, which can convert biological, chemical, or biochemical signals into measurable electrical signals, are systems containing a biological detection material combined with a chemical or physical transducer. The objective of this review was to present the effectiveness of various forms of sensing technologies for the detection of foodborne pathogens in food products, as well as the criteria for industrial use of this technology. In this article, the principle components and requirements for an ideal biosensor, types, and their applications in the food industry are summarized. This review also focuses in detail on the application of the most widely used biosensor types in food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athmar A. Ali
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah 61001, Iraq; (A.A.A.); (A.B.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Ammar B. Altemimi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah 61001, Iraq; (A.A.A.); (A.B.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Nawfal Alhelfi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah 61001, Iraq; (A.A.A.); (A.B.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Salam A. Ibrahim
- Food and Nutritional Science Program, North Carolina A & T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
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