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Zhu L, Tang L, Tian X, Bai Y, Huang L. Two Polyketide Synthase Genes, VpPKS10 and VpPKS33, Regulated by VpLaeA Are Essential to the Virulence of Valsa pyri. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024:PHYTO12230498R. [PMID: 38916927 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-23-0498-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Valsa pyri, the causal agent of pear canker disease, typically induces cankers on the bark of infected trees and even leads to tree mortality. Secondary metabolites produced by pathogenic fungi play a crucial role in the pathogenic process. In this study, secondary metabolic regulator VpLaeA was identified in V. pyri. VpLaeA was found to strongly affect the pathogenicity, fruiting body formation, and toxicity of secondary metabolites of V. pyri. Additionally, VpLaeA was found to be required for the response of V. pyri to some abiotic stresses. Transcriptome data analysis revealed that many of differentially expressed genes were involved in the secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Among them, about one third of secondary metabolite biosynthesis core genes were regulated by VpLaeA at different periods. Seven differentially expressed secondary metabolite biosynthesis core genes (VpPKS9, VpPKS10, VpPKS33, VpNRPS6, VpNRPS7, VpNRPS16, and VpNRPS17) were selected for knockout. Two modular polyketide synthase genes (VpPKS10 and VpPKS33) that were closely related to the virulence of V. pyri from the above seven genes were identified. Notably, VpPKS10 and VpPKS33 also affected the production of fruiting body of V. pyri but did not participate in the resistance of V. pyri to abiotic stresses. Overall, this study demonstrates the multifaceted biological functions of VpLaeA in V. pyri and identifies two toxicity-associated polyketide synthase genes in Valsa species fungi for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangrong Tian
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yayuan Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lili Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Tarim University, Alar 843300, Xingjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China
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Zhang M, Yang S, Li Q, Wang M, Peng L. Screening of pathogenicity-deficient Penicillium italicum mutants established by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Mol Genet Genomics 2024; 299:82. [PMID: 39196386 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-024-02171-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Blue mold, caused by Penicillium italicum, is one of the main postharvest diseases of citrus fruits during storage and marketing. The pathogenic mechanism remains largely unclear. To explore the potential pathogenesis-related genes of this pathogen, a T-DNA insertion library of P. italicum PI5 was established via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT). The system yielded 200-250 transformants per million conidia, and the transformants were genetically stable after five generations of successive subcultures on hygromycin-free media. 2700 transformants were obtained to generate a T-DNA insertion library of P. italicum. Only a few of the 200 randomly selected mutants exhibited significantly weakened virulence on citrus fruits, with two mutants displaying attenuated sporulation. The T-DNA in the two mutants existed as a single copy. Moreover, the mutant genes PiBla (PITC_048370) and PiFTF1 (PITC_077280) identified may be involved in conidia production by regulating expressions of the key regulatory components for conidiogenesis. These results demonstrated that the ATMT system is useful to obtain mutants of P. italicum for further investigation of the molecular mechanisms of pathogenicity and the obtained two pathogenesis-related genes might be novel loci associated with pathogenesis and conidia production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihong Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. of China
| | - Shuzhen Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. of China.
| | - Qianru Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. of China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. of China
| | - Litao Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. of China.
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Xia W, Wang S, Liu X, Chen Y, Lin C, Liu R, Liu H, Li J, Zhu J. Chromosome-level genome provides new insight into the overwintering process of Korla pear (Pyrus sinkiangensis Yu). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:773. [PMID: 39138412 PMCID: PMC11323677 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Korla pear has a unique taste and aroma and is a breeding parent of numerous pear varieties. It is susceptible to Valsa mali var. pyri, which invades bark wounded by freezing injury. Its genetic relationships have not been fully defined and could offer insight into the mechanism for freezing tolerance and disease resistance. We generated a high-quality, chromosome-level genome assembly for Korla pear via the Illumina and PacBio circular consensus sequencing (CCS) platforms and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C). The Korla pear genome is ~ 496.63 Mb, and 99.18% of it is assembled to 17 chromosomes. Collinearity and phylogenetic analyses indicated that Korla might be derived from Pyrus pyrifolia and that it diverged ~ 3.9-4.6 Mya. During domestication, seven late embryogenesis abundant (LEA), two dehydrin (DHN), and 54 disease resistance genes were lost from Korla pear compared with P. betulifolia. Moreover, 21 LEA and 31 disease resistance genes were common to the Korla pear and P. betulifolia genomes but were upregulated under overwintering only in P. betulifolia because key cis elements were missing in Korla pear. Gene deletion and downregulation during domestication reduced freezing tolerance and disease resistance in Korla pear. These results could facilitate the breeding of novel pear varieties with high biotic and abiotic stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Xia
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China
| | - Saisai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China
| | - Yifei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China
| | - Caixia Lin
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Tiemenguan, 841007, China
| | - Ruina Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China
| | - Hailiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200123, China
| | - Jin Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China.
| | - Jianbo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China.
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Hong G, Wang S, Xia Y, Peng G. MaAzaR Influences Virulence of Metarhizium acridum against Locusta migratoria manilensis by Affecting Cuticle Penetration. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:564. [PMID: 39194890 DOI: 10.3390/jof10080564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) Metarhizium acridum is a typical filamentous fungus and has been used to control migratory locusts (Locusta migratoria manilensis). This study examines the impact of the Zn(II)2Cys6 transcription factor, MaAzaR, in the virulence of M. acridum. Disruption of MaAzaR (ΔMaAzaR) diminished the fungus's ability to penetrate the insect cuticle, thereby decreasing its virulence. The median lethal time (LT50) for the ΔMaAzaR strain increased by approximately 1.5 d compared to the wild-type (WT) strain when topically inoculated, simulating natural infection conditions. ΔMaAzaR compromises the formation, turgor pressure, and secretion of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes in appressoria. However, the growth ability of ΔMaAzaR within the hemolymph is not impaired; in fact, it grows better than the WT strain. Moreover, RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of ΔMaAzaR and WT strains grown for 20 h on locust hindwings revealed 87 upregulated and 37 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the mutant strain. Pathogen-host interaction database (PHI) analysis showed that about 40% of the total DEGs were associated with virulence, suggesting that MaAzaR is a crucial transcription factor that directly regulates the expression of downstream genes. This study identifies a new transcription factor involved in EPF cuticle penetration, providing theoretical support and genetic resources for the developing highly virulent strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Hong
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing 401331, China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Siqing Wang
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing 401331, China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yuxian Xia
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing 401331, China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Guoxiong Peng
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, Chongqing 401331, China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies under Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing 401331, China
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Yang X, Cao S, Sun H, Deng Y, Zhang X, Li Y, Ma D, Chen H, Li W. The critical roles of the Zn 2Cys 6 transcription factor Fp487 in the development and virulence of Fusarium pseudograminearum: A potential target for Fusarium crown rot control. Microbiol Res 2024; 285:127784. [PMID: 38824820 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium crown rot (FCR) caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum poses a significant threat to wheat production in the Huang-Huai-Hai region of China. However, the pathogenic mechanism of F. pseudograminearum is still poorly understood. Zn2Cys6 transcription factors, which are exclusive to fungi, play pivotal roles in regulating fungal development, drug resistance, pathogenicity, and secondary metabolism. In this study, we present the functional characterization of a Zn2Cys6 transcription factor F. pseudograminearum, designated Fp487. In F. pseudograminearum, Fp487 is shown to be required for mycelial growth through gene knockout and phenotypic analyses. Compared with wild-type CF14047, the ∆Fp487 mutant displayed a slight reduction in growth rate but a significant decrease in conidiogenesis, pathogenicity and 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3AcDON) production. Moreover, the mutant exhibited heightened sensitivity to oxidative and cytomembrane stress. Furthermore, we synthesized dsRNA from the Fp487 gene in vitro, resulting in a reduction in the growth rate of F. pseudograminearum and its virulence on barley leaves through spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS). Notably, this study makes the first instance of inducing the expression of abundant dsRNA from F. pseudograminearum by engineering the Escherichia coli strain HT115 (DE3) and utilizing the SIGS technique to evaluate the virulence effect of dsRNA on F. pseudograminearum. In conclusion, our findings revealed the crucial role of Fp487 in regulating pathogenicity, stress responses, DON production, and conidiogenesis in F. pseudograminearum. Furthermore, Fp487 is a potential RNAi-based target for FCR control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Shulin Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Yuanyu Deng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Dongfang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Huaigu Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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Shi B, Yuan H, Wang Z, Fan Y, Qin G, Xiaoqian L, Wang L, Tu H, Hou H. Biocontrol activity and potential mechanism of volatile organic compounds from Aspergillus niger strain La2 against pear Valsa canker. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:3010-3021. [PMID: 38318950 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valsa canker caused by Valsa pyri is one of the most destructive diseases of pear, leading to severe yield and economic losses. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from endophytes have important roles in the regulation of plant disease. In this study, we investigated the biocontrol activity of the endophytic fungus Aspergillus niger strain La2 and its antagonistic VOCs against pear Valsa canker. RESULTS Strain La2 exhibited an obvious inhibitory effect against V. pyri. A colonization assay suggested that strain La2 could complete its life cycle on pear twigs. The symptoms of pear Valsa canker were weakened on detached pear twigs after treatment with strain La2. In addition, VOCs from strain La2 also significantly suppressed mycelial growth in V. pyri. Based on the results of headspace solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, six possible VOCs produced by strain La2 were detected, of which 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol and 4-methyl-1-pentanol were the main antagonistic VOCs in terms of their effect on pear Valsa canker in vitro and in vivo. Further results showed that 4-methyl-1-pentanol could destroy the V. pyri hyphal structure and cell membrane integrity. Importantly, the activities of pear defense-related enzymes (polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and superoxide dismutase) were enhanced after 4-methyl-1-pentanol treatment in pear twigs, suggesting that 4-methyl-1-pentanol might induce a plant disease resistance response. CONCLUSION Aspergillus niger strain La2 and its VOCs 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol and 4-methyl-1-pentanol have potential as novel biocontrol agents of pear Valsa canker. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingke Shi
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Yuan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Zhuoni Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Fan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Genhong Qin
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Xiaoqian
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongtao Tu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hui Hou
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
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Ji S, Liu B, Han J, Kong N, Yang Y, Wang Y, Liu Z. Decrypting biocontrol functions and application modes by genomes data of three Trichoderma Strains/Species. Fungal Genet Biol 2024; 172:103889. [PMID: 38513939 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2024.103889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Trichoderma is an excellent biocontrol agent, but most Trichoderma genomes remained at the scaffold level, which greatly limits the research of biocontrol mechanism. Here, we reported the chromosome-level genome of Trichoderma harzianum CGMCC20739 (Tha739), T. asperellum CGMCC11653 (Tas653) and T. atroviride CGMCC40488 (Tat488), they were assembled into 7 chromosomes, genome size were 40 Mb (10,611 genes), 37.3 Mb (10,102 genes) and 36.3 Mb (9,896 genes), respectively. The positive selected genes of three strains were associated to response to stimulus, signaling transduction, immune system and localization. Furthermore, the number of transcription factors in Tha739, Tas653 and Tat488 strains had significant difference, which may contribute to the differential biocontrol function and stress tolerance. The genes related to signal transduction and gene clusters related to antimicrobial compounds in Tha739 were more than those in Tas653 and Tat488, which showed Tha739 may keenly sense other fungi and quickly secret antimicrobial compounds to inhibit other fungi. Tha739 also contained more genes associated to detoxification, antioxidant and nutrition utilization, indicating it had higher stress-tolerance to hostile environments. And the substrate for synthesizing IAA in Tha739 was mainly 3-indole acetonitrile and indole acetaldehyde, but in Tat488, it was indole-3-acetamide, moreover, Tha739 secreted more phosphatase and phytase and was more related to soil phosphorus metabolism, Tat488 secreted more urease and was more related to soil nitrogen metabolism. These candidate genes related to biocontrol function and stress-tolerance laid foundations for construction of functional strains. All above proved the difference in biocontrol function of Tha739, Tas653 and Tat488 strains, however, the defects in individual strains could be compensated for through Trichoderma-biome during the commercial application process of biocontrol Trichoderma strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shida Ji
- College of Forestry, ShenYang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; College of Horticulture, ShenYang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Forestry, ShenYang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jing Han
- College of Forestry, ShenYang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ning Kong
- College of Forestry, ShenYang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- College of Forestry, ShenYang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- College of Forestry, ShenYang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Zhihua Liu
- College of Forestry, ShenYang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China.
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Yuan H, Shi B, Wang Z, Qin G, Hou H, Tu H, Wang L. Exploration of the Biocontrol Activity of Bacillus atrophaeus Strain HF1 against Pear Valsa Canker Caused by Valsa pyri. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15477. [PMID: 37895155 PMCID: PMC10607598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Valsa pyri-induced pear Valsa canker is among the most prevalent diseases to impact pear quality and yields. Biocontrol strategies to control plant disease represent an attractive alternative to the application of fungicides. In this study, the potential utility of Bacillus atrophaeus strain HF1 was assessed as a biocontrol agent against pear Valsa canker. Strain HF1 suppressed V. pyri mycelium growth by 61.20% and induced the development of malformed hyphae. Both culture filtrate and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) derived from strain HF1 were able to antagonize V. pyri growth. Treatment with strain HF1-derived culture filtrate or VOCs also induced the destruction of hyphal cell membranes. Headspace mixtures prepared from strain HF1 were analyzed, leading to the identification of 27 potential VOCs. Of the thirteen pure chemicals tested, iberverin, hexanoic acid, and 2-methylvaleraldehyde exhibited the strongest antifungal effects on V. pyri, with respective EC50 values of 0.30, 6.65, and 74.07 μL L-1. Fumigation treatment of pear twigs with each of these three compounds was also sufficient to prevent the development of pear Valsa canker. As such, these results demonstrate that B. atrophaeus strain HF1 and the volatile compounds iberverin, hexanoic acid, and 2-methylvaleraldehyde exhibit promise as novel candidate biocontrol agents against pear Valsa canker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Yuan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (H.Y.); (B.S.); (Z.W.); (G.Q.); (H.H.); (H.T.)
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
| | - Bingke Shi
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (H.Y.); (B.S.); (Z.W.); (G.Q.); (H.H.); (H.T.)
| | - Zhuoni Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (H.Y.); (B.S.); (Z.W.); (G.Q.); (H.H.); (H.T.)
| | - Genhong Qin
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (H.Y.); (B.S.); (Z.W.); (G.Q.); (H.H.); (H.T.)
| | - Hui Hou
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (H.Y.); (B.S.); (Z.W.); (G.Q.); (H.H.); (H.T.)
| | - Hongtao Tu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (H.Y.); (B.S.); (Z.W.); (G.Q.); (H.H.); (H.T.)
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453004, China
| | - Li Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (H.Y.); (B.S.); (Z.W.); (G.Q.); (H.H.); (H.T.)
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Hou R, Li K, Guo B, Zhao Y, Li C, Tang B, Sun W, Wang B, Chen W, Sheng C, Kan J, Zhao Y, Liu F. Antifungal Compound from the Predatory Bacterium Lysobacter enzymogenes Inhibits a Plant Pathogenic Fungus by Targeting the AAA ATPase VpVeb1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15003-15016. [PMID: 37812568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Heat-stable antifungal factor (HSAF) isolated from Lysobacter enzymogenes is considered a potential biocontrol agent. However, the target of HSAF in phytopathogenic fungi remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the target of HSAF in Valsa pyri that causes fatal pear Valsa canker. Thirty-one HSAF-binding proteins were captured and identified by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and 11 deletion mutants were obtained. Among these mutants, only ΔVpVEB1 showed decreased sensitivity to HSAF. Additionally, ΔVpVEB1 exhibited significantly reduced virulence in V. pyri. Molecular docking and SPR results revealed that HSAF bound to threonine 569 and glycine 570 of VpVeb1, which are crucial for AAA ATPase activity. Another study showed that HSAF could decrease the ATPase activity of VpVeb1, leading to the reduced virulence of V. pyri. Taken together, this study first identified the potential target of HSAF in fungi. These findings will help us better understand the model of action of HSAF to fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxian Hou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Kaihuai Li
- Department of Plant Pathology/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Baodian Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, P. R. China
| | - Chaohui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, P. R. China
| | - Bao Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, P. R. China
| | - Weibo Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, P. R. China
| | - Wenchan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, P. R. China
| | - Cong Sheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, P. R. China
| | - Jialiang Kan
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, P. R. China
| | - Yancun Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, P. R. China
| | - Fengquan Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
- Department of Plant Pathology/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, P. R. China
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10
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Zhang Y, Zhuang X, Meng J, Zan F, Liu Z, Qin C, Hao L, Wang Z, Wang L, Li H, Li H, Ding S. A Putative Zn(II) 2Cys 6-Type Transcription Factor FpUme18 Is Required for Development, Conidiation, Cell Wall Integrity, Endocytosis and Full Virulence in Fusarium pseudograminearum. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10987. [PMID: 37446163 PMCID: PMC10341630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium pseudograminearum is one of the major fungal pathogens that cause Fusarium crown rot (FCR) worldwide and can lead to a substantially reduced grain yield and quality. Transcription factors play an important role in regulating growth and pathogenicity in plant pathogens. In this study, we identified a putative Zn(II)2Cys6 fungal-type domain-containing transcription factor and named it FpUme18. The expression of FpUME18 was induced during the infection of wheat by F. pseudograminearum. The ΔFpume18 deletion mutant showed defects in growth, conidial production, and conidial germination. In the responses to the cell wall, salt and oxidative stresses, the ΔFpume18 mutant inhibited the rate of mycelial growth at a higher rate compared with the wild type. The staining of conidia and mycelia with lipophilic dye FM4-64 revealed a delay in endocytosis when FpUME18 was deleted. FpUME18 also positively regulated the expression of phospholipid-related synthesis genes. The deletion of FpUME18 attenuated the pathogenicity of wheat coleoptiles. FpUME18 also participated in the production of the DON toxin by regulating the expression of TRI genes. Collectively, FpUme18 is required for vegetative growth, conidiation, stress response, endocytosis, and full virulence in F. pseudograminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xunyu Zhuang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jiaxing Meng
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Feifei Zan
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zheran Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Cancan Qin
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lingjun Hao
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Limin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Honglian Li
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Shengli Ding
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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11
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Xiong D, Yang Z, He X, He W, Shen D, Wang L, Lin L, Murero A, Minamino T, Shao X, Qian G. Loss of Flagella-Related Genes Enables a Nonflagellated, Fungal-Predating Bacterium To Strengthen the Synthesis of an Antifungal Weapon. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0414922. [PMID: 36629418 PMCID: PMC9927559 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04149-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of flagellar genes causes a nonmotile phenotype. The genus Lysobacter consists of numerous environmentally ubiquitous, nonflagellated bacteria, including Lysobacter enzymogenes, an antifungal bacterium that is beneficial to plants. L. enzymogenes still has many flagellar genes on its genome, although this bacterium does not engage in flagella-driven motility. Here, we report that loss of certain flagellar genes allows L. enzymogenes to strengthen its evolutionarily gained capacity in fungal killing. To clarify why this bacterium loses flagellar genes during the evolutionary process, we cloned several representative flagellar genes from Xanthomonas oryzae, a flagellated, phylogenetically related species of Lysobacter, and introduced them individually into L. enzymogenes to mimic genomic reacquisition of lost flagellar genes. Heterogeneous expression of the three X. oryzae flagellar structural genes (Xo-motA, Xo-motB, Xo-fliE) and one flagellar regulatory gene (Xo-fleQ) remarkably weakened the bacterial capacity to kill fungal pathogens by impairing the synthesis of an antifungal weapon, known as the heat-stable antifungal factor (HSAF). We further investigated the underlying mechanism by selecting Xo-FleQ as the representative because it is a master transcription factor responsible for flagellar gene expression. Xo-FleQ inhibited the transcription of operon genes responsible for HSAF synthesis via direct binding of Xo-FleQ to the promoter region, thereby decreasing HSAF biosynthesis by L. enzymogenes. These observations suggest a possible genome and function coevolution event, in which an antifungal bacterium deletes certain flagellar genes in order to enhance its ability to kill fungi. IMPORTANCE It is generally recognized that flagellar genes are commonly responsible for the flagella-driven bacterial motility. Thus, finding nonflagellated bacteria partially or fully lost flagellar genes is not a surprise. However, the present study provides new insights into this common idea. We found that loss of either certain flagellar structural or regulatory genes (such as motA, motB, fliE, and fleQ) allows a nonflagellated, antifungal bacterium (L. enzymogenes) to stimulate its fungal-killing capacity, outlining a genome-function coevolution event, where an antifungal bacterium "smartly" designed its genome to "delete" crucial flagellar genes to coordinate flagellar loss and fungal predation. This unusual finding might trigger bacteriologists to reconsider previously ignored functions of the lost flagellar genes in any nonflagellated, pathogenic, or beneficial bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xiong
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Biological Interactions and Crop Health, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zixiang Yang
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Biological Interactions and Crop Health, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xueting He
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Biological Interactions and Crop Health, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Weimei He
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Biological Interactions and Crop Health, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Danyu Shen
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Biological Interactions and Crop Health, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Long Lin
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Biological Interactions and Crop Health, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Aprodisia Murero
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Biological Interactions and Crop Health, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Xiaolong Shao
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Biological Interactions and Crop Health, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Qian
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Biological Interactions and Crop Health, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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12
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He F, Kange AM, Yang J, Xiao J, Wang R, Yang L, Jia Y, Fu ZQ, Zhao Y, Liu F. The Transcription Factor VpxlnR Is Required for the Growth, Development, and Virulence of the Fungal Pathogen Valsa pyri. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:784686. [PMID: 35308334 PMCID: PMC8928461 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.784686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pears (Pyrus sp.) are widely cultivated in China, and their yield accounts for more than 60% of global pear production. The fungal pathogen Valsa pyri is a major causal agent of pear canker disease, which results in enormous losses of pear production in northern China. In this study, we characterized a Zn2Cys6 transcription factor that contains one GAL4 domain and a fungal-trans domain, which are present in VpxlnR. The vpxlnR gene expression was upregulated in the invasion stage of V. pyri. To investigate its functions, we constructed gene deletion mutants and complementary strains. We observed that the growth of the vpxlnR mutants was reduced on potato dextrose agar (PDA), Czapek plus glucose or sucrose compared with that of the wild-type strain. Additionally, vpxlnR mutants exhibited loss of function in fruiting body formation. Moreover, vpxlnR mutants were more susceptible to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and salicylic acid (SA) and were reduced in their virulence at the early infection stage. According to a previous study, VpxlnR-interacting motifs containing NRHKGNCCGM were searched in the V. pyri genome, and we obtained 354 target genes, of which 148 genes had Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) terms. PHI-BLAST was used to identify virulence-related genes, and we found 28 hits. Furthermore, eight genes from the 28 PHI-BLAST hits were further assessed by yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assays, and five target genes, salicylate hydroxylase (VP1G_09520), serine/threonine-protein kinase (VP1G_03128), alpha-xylosidase (VP1G_06369), G-protein beta subunit (VP1G_02856), and acid phosphatase (VP1G_03782), could interact with VpxlnR in vivo. Their transcript levels were reduced in one or two vpxlnR mutants. Taken together, these findings imply that VpxlnR is a key regulator of growth, development, stress, and virulence through controlling genes involved in signaling pathways and extracellular enzyme activities in V. pyri. The motifs interacting with VpxlnR also provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of xlnR proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Alex-Machio Kange
- Department of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Bomet University College, Bomet, Kenya
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Jiaxin Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Rongbo Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lu Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Yifan Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Qing Fu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Yancun Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yancun Zhao,
| | - Fengquan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Fengquan Liu,
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13
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Zhang Z, Jia H, Liu N, Li H, Meng Q, Wu N, Cao Z, Dong J. The zinc finger protein StMR1 affects the pathogenicity and melanin synthesis of Setosphaeria turcica and directly regulates the expression of DHN melanin synthesis pathway genes. Mol Microbiol 2021; 117:261-273. [PMID: 34278632 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The infection and colonization of pathogenic fungi are often regulated by transcription factors. In our previous study, the zinc finger protein-encoding gene StMR1 was found to be highly expressed during the infection process of Setosphaeria turcica, the pathogen causing northern corn leaf blight. Evolutionary tree analysis showed that this gene was associated with regulatory factors of melanin synthesis. However, the regulatory mechanism of melanin synthesis and its effect on pathogenicity remain unclear. In this study, the function of StMR1 was analyzed by gene knockout. When the expression level of StMR1 in the mutants was significantly reduced, the colony color became lighter, the mycelia were curved and transparent, and the mutant showed a significant loss of pathogenicity. In addition, compared with wild-type, the accumulation of melanin decreased significantly in △Stmr1. RNA-seq analysis revealed 1,981 differentially expressed genes between the wild-type and knockout mutant, among which 39 genes were involved in melanin metabolism. qPCR revealed that the expression levels of 6 key genes in the melanin synthesis pathway were significantly reduced. ChIP-PCR and yeast one-hybrid assays confirmed that StMR1 directly binds to the promoters of St3HNR, St4HNR, StPKS, and StLAC2 in the DHN melanin synthesis pathway and regulates gene expression. The C2H2-type zinc fingers and Zn(Ⅱ)2Cys6 binuclear cluster in StMR1 was important for the binding to targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Mycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P.R.China
| | - Hui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Mycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P.R.China
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Mycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P.R.China
| | - Haixiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Mycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P.R.China
| | - Qingjiang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Mycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P.R.China
| | - Nan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Mycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P.R.China
| | - Zhiyan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Mycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P.R.China
| | - Jingao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, Mycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P.R.China
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14
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Biological Control of Pear Valsa Canker Caused by Valsa pyri Using Penicillium citrinum. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7070198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Valsa canker caused by Valsa pyri is one of the most destructive diseases of commercial pear. For the present analysis, 29 different endophytic fungal strains were isolated from the branches of a healthy pear tree. In dual culture assays, strain ZZ1 exhibited robust antifungal activity against all tested pathogens including Valsa pyri. Microscopic analyses suggested that following co-culture with ZZ1, the hyphae of V. pyri were ragged, thin, and ruptured. ZZ1 also induced significant decreases in lesion length and disease incidence on detached pear branches inoculated with V. pyri. ZZ1 isolate-derived culture filtrates also exhibited antifungal activity against V. pyri, decreasing mycelial growth and conidium germination and inhibiting V. pyri-associated lesion development on pear branches. These results suggest that the ZZ1 isolate has the potential for use as a biological control agent against V. pyri. The strain was further identified as Penicillium citrinum based on its morphological characteristics and molecular analyses. Overall, these data highlight a potentially valuable new biocontrol resource for combating pear Valsa canker.
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15
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Song XG, Han MH, He F, Wang SY, Li CH, Wu GC, Huang ZG, Liu D, Liu FQ, Laborda P, Shi XC. Antifungal Mechanism of Dipicolinic Acid and Its Efficacy for the Biocontrol of Pear Valsa Canker. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:958. [PMID: 32508781 PMCID: PMC7251846 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Valsa pyri is a fatal canker pathogen that causes significant reduction of crop yield in pear orchards. V. pyri invades the trunk phloem, and is difficult to control by chemical treatment. In this work, it was found for the first time that Bacillus subtilis-produced dipicolinic acid (DPA) exhibits antifungal activity against different canker pathogens, including Alteraria alternata, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Rhizoctonia solani, and V. pyri. Growth inhibition of V. pyri was observed at less than 5 mM concentration (pH = 5.6). DPA showed the highest antifungal activity at acidic pH values and in the presence of bivalent metals, such as zinc(II), cobalt(II), and copper(II). Measurement of mRNA expression levels and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations revealed that DPA causes V. pyri apoptosis via inhibition of chitin biosynthesis and subsequent cell lysis. Interestingly, DPA showed high stability in the pear bark and was able to cross the pear tree bark into the phloem, protecting the internal phases of the pear trunk. In preventive applications, DPA reduced the canker symptoms of V. pyri on Cuigan pear trees by 90%. Taken together, an efficient strategy for the management of V. pyri-caused canker disease was developed using a novel antifungal agent, DPA, with strong antifungal activity and particular diffusion properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ge Song
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ming-Hui Han
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Feng He
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Su-Yan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chao-Hui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Gui-Chun Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi-Gang Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Feng-Quan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Pedro Laborda
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xin-Chi Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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