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Salas-Orozco MF, Lorenzo-Leal AC, de Alba Montero I, Marín NP, Santana MAC, Bach H. Mechanism of escape from the antibacterial activity of metal-based nanoparticles in clinically relevant bacteria: A systematic review. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2024; 55:102715. [PMID: 37907198 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2023.102715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The emergency of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in severe infections is increasing, especially in nosocomial environments. The ESKAPE group is of special importance in the groups of multi-resistant bacteria due to its high capacity to generate resistance to antibiotics and bactericides. Therefore, metal-based nanomaterials are an attractive alternative to combat them because they have been demonstrated to damage biomolecules in the bacterial cells. However, there is a concern about bacteria developing resistance to NPs and their harmful effects due to environmental accumulation. Therefore, this systematic review aims to report the clinically relevant bacteria that have developed resistance to the NPs. According to the results of this systematic review, various mechanisms to counteract the antimicrobial activity of various NP types have been proposed. These mechanisms can be grouped into the following categories: production of extracellular compounds, metal efflux pumps, ROS response, genetic changes, DNA repair, adaptative morphogenesis, and changes in the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Felipe Salas-Orozco
- Facultad de Estomatología, Doctorado en Ciencias Odontológicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
| | - Ana Cecilia Lorenzo-Leal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Nuria Patiño Marín
- Facultad de Estomatología, Laboratorio de Investigación Clinica, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Miguel Angel Casillas Santana
- Maestría en Estomatología con Opcion Terminal en Ortodoncia, Facultad de Estomatología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Horacio Bach
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Bru JL, Kasallis SJ, Zhuo Q, Høyland-Kroghsbo NM, Siryaporn A. Swarming of P. aeruginosa: Through the lens of biophysics. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:031305. [PMID: 37781002 PMCID: PMC10540860 DOI: 10.1063/5.0128140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Swarming is a collective flagella-dependent movement of bacteria across a surface that is observed across many species of bacteria. Due to the prevalence and diversity of this motility modality, multiple models of swarming have been proposed, but a consensus on a general mechanism for swarming is still lacking. Here, we focus on swarming by Pseudomonas aeruginosa due to the abundance of experimental data and multiple models for this species, including interpretations that are rooted in biology and biophysics. In this review, we address three outstanding questions about P. aeruginosa swarming: what drives the outward expansion of a swarm, what causes the formation of dendritic patterns (tendrils), and what are the roles of flagella? We review models that propose biologically active mechanisms including surfactant sensing as well as fluid mechanics-based models that consider swarms as thin liquid films. Finally, we reconcile recent observations of P. aeruginosa swarms with early definitions of swarming. This analysis suggests that mechanisms associated with sliding motility have a critical role in P. aeruginosa swarm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Bru
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Summer J. Kasallis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Quantum Zhuo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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Lin H, Zhou C, Yu KH, Lin YS, Wang LB, Zhang Y, Liu SX, Xu WY, Sun Y, Zhou TL, Cao JM, Ye JZ. Glabridin Functions as a Quorum Sensing Inhibitor to Inhibit Biofilm Formation and Swarming Motility of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:5697-5705. [PMID: 37667809 PMCID: PMC10475287 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s417751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Acinetobacter baumannii is a hazardous bacterium that causes hospital-acquired nosocomial infections, and the advent of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDR-AB) strains is concerning. Novel antibacterial therapeutic strategies must be developed. The biological effects of glabridin on MDR-AB were investigated in this study. Methods The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of glabridin against eight clinical MDR-AB strains were determined using the broth microdilution technique. Crystal violet staining was used to assess biofilm development, which has significant contribution to bacterial resistance. Swarming motility was measured according to surface growth zone of MDR-AB on LB agar medium. qRT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression of quorum sensing genes abaI and abaR. Glabridin and routinely used therapeutic antimicrobial agents were tested for synergistic action using the checkerboard method. Results According to our findings, glabridin suppressed MDR-AB growth at high doses (512-1024 μg/mL). The 1/4 MIC of glabridin significantly decreased MDR-AB biofilm formation by 19.98% (P < 0.05), inhibited MDR-AB motility by 44.27% (P < 0.05), whereas the 1/2 MIC of glabridin dramatically reduced MDR-AB biofilm development by 27.43% (P < 0.01), suppressed MDR-AB motility by 50.64% (P < 0.05). Mechanistically, glabridin substantially downregulated the expression of quorum sensing-related genes abaI and abaR by up to 39.12% (P < 0.001) and 25.19% (P < 0.01), respectively. However, no synergistic effect between glabridin and antibacterial drugs was found. Conclusion Glabridin might be a quorum sensing inhibitor that inhibits MDR-AB biofilm development and swarming motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenhzou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cui Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai-Hang Yu
- Pathology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Shuai Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling-Bo Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Xing Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ya Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tie-Li Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ming Cao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Zhong Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
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Kinosita Y, Sowa Y. Flagellar polymorphism-dependent bacterial swimming motility in a structured environment. Biophys Physicobiol 2023; 20:e200024. [PMID: 37867560 PMCID: PMC10587448 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v20.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Most motile bacteria use supramolecular motility machinery called bacterial flagellum, which converts the chemical energy gained from ion flux into mechanical rotation. Bacterial cells sense their external environment through a two-component regulatory system consisting of a histidine kinase and response regulator. Combining these systems allows the cells to move toward favorable environments and away from their repellents. A representative example of flagellar motility is run-and-tumble swimming in Escherichia coli, where the counter-clockwise (CCW) rotation of a flagellar bundle propels the cell forward, and the clockwise (CW) rotation undergoes cell re-orientation (tumbling) upon switching the direction of flagellar motor rotation from CCW to CW. In this mini review, we focus on several types of chemotactic behaviors that respond to changes in flagellar shape and direction of rotation. Moreover, our single-cell analysis demonstrated back-and-forth swimming motility of an original E. coli strain. We propose that polymorphic flagellar changes are required to enhance bacterial movement in a structured environment as a colony spread on an agar plate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshiyuki Sowa
- Department of Frontier Bioscience, Hosei University, Tokyo 184-8584, Japan
- Research Center for Micro-Nano Technology, Hosei University, Tokyo 184-8584, Japan
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Exposure to Veterinary Antibiotics via Food Chain Disrupts Gut Microbiota and Drives Increased Escherichia coli Virulence and Drug Resistance in Young Adults. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11091062. [PMID: 36145494 PMCID: PMC9500718 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11091062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to veterinary antibiotics (VAs) and preferred as veterinary antibiotics (PVAs) via the food chain is unavoidable for their extensive use not only for treating bacterial infections, but also for use as growth promoters in livestock and aquaculture. One of the consequences is the disturbance of gut microbiota. However, its impact on the virulence and drug resistance of opportunistic pathogens is still unclear. In this study, a total of 26 antibiotics were detected in the urine of 300 young undergraduates in Anhui Province. We found that excessive intake of milk was positively correlated to high levels of VAs and PVAs. It led to the dysbiosis of gut microbiota characterized by high abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. The increase in Proteobacteria was mainly due to a single operational taxonomic unit (OTU) of Escherichia coli (E. coli). We isolated several E. coli strains from participants and compared their drug resistance and virulence using PCR assay and virulence-related assays. We observed that exposure to high levels of VAs and PVAs induced more resistant genes and drove E. coli strain to become more virulent. At last, we conducted transcriptome analysis to investigate the molecular mechanism of virulent and drug-resistant regulators in the highly virulent E. coli strain. We noted that there were multiple pathways involved in the drug resistance and virulence of the highly virulent strain. Our results demonstrated that participants with high-level VAs and PVAs exposure have a disrupted gut microbiota following the appearance of highly drug-resistant and virulent E. coli and, therefore may be at elevated risk for long-term health complications.
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Li J, Chen J, Wang L, Lin Y, Zhang X, Liu J, Wang F. Characterization of the response of
Escherichia coli
to
l
‐fucose in bacterial swimming motility. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:584-592. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Li
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Baohe District, Hefei Anhui PR China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Baohe District, Hefei Anhui PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Baohe District, Hefei Anhui PR China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Baohe District, Hefei Anhui PR China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Baohe District, Hefei Anhui PR China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Baohe District, Hefei Anhui PR China
| | - Fangbin Wang
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Baohe District, Hefei Anhui PR China
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Ganusova EE, Vo LT, Mukherjee T, Alexandre G. Multiple CheY Proteins Control Surface-Associated Lifestyles of Azospirillum brasilense. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:664826. [PMID: 33968002 PMCID: PMC8100600 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.664826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial chemotaxis is the directed movement of motile bacteria in gradients of chemoeffectors. This behavior is mediated by dedicated signal transduction pathways that couple environment sensing with changes in the direction of rotation of flagellar motors to ultimately affect the motility pattern. Azospirillum brasilense uses two distinct chemotaxis pathways, named Che1 and Che4, and four different response regulators (CheY1, CheY4, CheY6, and CheY7) to control the swimming pattern during chemotaxis. Each of the CheY homologs was shown to differentially affect the rotational bias of the polar flagellum and chemotaxis. The role, if any, of these CheY homologs in swarming, which depends on a distinct lateral flagella system or in attachment is not known. Here, we characterize CheY homologs’ roles in swimming, swarming, and attachment to abiotic and biotic (wheat roots) surfaces and biofilm formation. We show that while strains lacking CheY1 and CheY6 are still able to navigate air gradients, strains lacking CheY4 and CheY7 are chemotaxis null. Expansion of swarming colonies in the presence of gradients requires chemotaxis. The induction of swarming depends on CheY4 and CheY7, but the cells’ organization as dense clusters in productive swarms appear to depend on functional CheYs but not chemotaxis per se. Similarly, functional CheY homologs but not chemotaxis, contribute to attachment to both abiotic and root surfaces as well as to biofilm formation, although these effects are likely dependent on additional cell surface properties such as adhesiveness. Collectively, our data highlight distinct roles for multiple CheY homologs and for chemotaxis on swarming and attachment to surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena E Ganusova
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Lam T Vo
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Tanmoy Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Gladys Alexandre
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Grognot M, Taute KM. More than propellers: how flagella shape bacterial motility behaviors. Curr Opin Microbiol 2021; 61:73-81. [PMID: 33845324 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria use a wide variety of flagellar architectures to navigate their environment. While the iconic run-tumble motility strategy of the peritrichously flagellated Escherichia coli has been well studied, recent work has revealed a variety of new motility behaviors that can be achieved with different flagellar architectures, such as single, bundled, or opposing polar flagella. The recent discovery of various flagellar gymnastics such as flicking and flagellar wrapping is increasingly shifting the view from flagella as passive propellers to versatile appendages that can be used in a wide range of conformations. Here, we review recent observations of how flagella shape motility behaviors and summarize the nascent structure-function map linking flagellation and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Grognot
- Rowland Institute at Harvard, 100 Edwin H Land Blvd, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Katja M Taute
- Rowland Institute at Harvard, 100 Edwin H Land Blvd, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Swimming Escherichia coli Cells Explore the Environment by Lévy Walk. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.02429-20. [PMID: 33419738 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02429-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli cells swim in aqueous environment in a random walk of alternating runs and tumbles. The diffusion characteristics of this random walk remains unclear. In this study, by tracking the swimming of wild-type cells in a three-dimensional (3D) homogeneous environment, we found that their trajectories are superdiffusive, consistent with Lévy walk behavior. For comparison, we tracked the swimming of mutant cells that lack the chemotaxis signaling noise (the steady-state fluctuation of the concentration of the chemotaxis response regulator CheY-P) and found that their trajectories are normal diffusive. Therefore, wild-type E. coli cells explore the environment by Lévy walk, which originates from the chemotaxis signaling noise. This Lévy walk pattern enhances their efficiency in environmental exploration.IMPORTANCE E. coli cells explore the environment in a random walk of alternating runs and tumbles. By tracking the 3D trajectories of E. coli cells in an aqueous environment, we found that their trajectories are superdiffusive, with a power-law shape for the distribution of run lengths, which is characteristics of Lévy walk. We further show that this Lévy walk behavior is due to the random fluctuation of the output level of the bacterial chemotaxis pathway, and it enhances the efficiency of the bacteria in exploring the environment.
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