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Khalifa ME, Ayllón MA, Rodriguez Coy L, Plummer KM, Gendall AR, Chooi KM, van Kan JAL, MacDiarmid RM. Mycologists and Virologists Align: Proposing Botrytis cinerea for Global Mycovirus Studies. Viruses 2024; 16:1483. [PMID: 39339959 PMCID: PMC11437445 DOI: 10.3390/v16091483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycoviruses are highly genetically diverse and can significantly change their fungal host's phenotype, yet they are generally under-described in genotypic and biological studies. We propose Botrytis cinerea as a model mycovirus system in which to develop a deeper understanding of mycovirus epidemiology including diversity, impact, and the associated cellular biology of the host and virus interaction. Over 100 mycoviruses have been described in this fungal host. B. cinerea is an ideal model fungus for mycovirology as it has highly tractable characteristics-it is easy to culture, has a worldwide distribution, infects a wide range of host plants, can be transformed and gene-edited, and has an existing depth of biological resources including annotated genomes, transcriptomes, and isolates with gene knockouts. Focusing on a model system for mycoviruses will enable the research community to address deep research questions that cannot be answered in a non-systematic manner. Since B. cinerea is a major plant pathogen, new insights may have immediate utility as well as creating new knowledge that complements and extends the knowledge of mycovirus interactions in other fungi, alone or with their respective plant hosts. In this review, we set out some of the critical steps required to develop B. cinerea as a model mycovirus system and how this may be used in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud E Khalifa
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta 34517, Egypt
| | - María A Ayllón
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)/Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Rodriguez Coy
- La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture and Food (LISAF), Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- Australian Research Council Research Hub for Sustainable Crop Protection, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Kim M Plummer
- La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture and Food (LISAF), Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- Australian Research Council Research Hub for Sustainable Crop Protection, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Anthony R Gendall
- La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture and Food (LISAF), Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- Australian Research Council Research Hub for Sustainable Crop Protection, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Kar Mun Chooi
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
| | - Jan A L van Kan
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robin M MacDiarmid
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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2
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Wang Y, Yan J, Song G, Song Z, Shi M, Hu H, You L, Zhang L, Wang J, Liu Y, Cheng X, Zhang X. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Effect of Oyster Mushroom Spherical Virus Infection in Pleurotus ostreatus. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9749. [PMID: 39273696 PMCID: PMC11396332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Oyster mushroom spherical virus (OMSV) is a mycovirus that inhibits mycelial growth, induces malformation symptoms, and decreases the yield of fruiting bodies in Pleurotus ostreatus. However, the pathogenic mechanism of OMSV infection in P. ostreatus is poorly understood. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was conducted, identifying 354 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the mycelium of P. ostreatus during OMSV infection. Verifying the RNA-seq data through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction on 15 DEGs confirmed the consistency of gene expression trends. Both Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses highlighted the pivotal role of primary metabolic pathways in OMSV infection. Additionally, significant changes were noted in the gene expression levels of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), which are crucial for providing the carbohydrates needed for fungal growth, development, and reproduction by degrading renewable lignocellulose. The activities of carboxymethyl cellulase, laccase, and amylase decreased, whereas chitinase activity increased, suggesting a potential mechanism by which OMSV influenced mycelial growth through modulating CAZyme activities. Therefore, this study provided insights into the pathogenic mechanisms triggered by OMSV in P. ostreatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Junjie Yan
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Guoyue Song
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Zhizhong Song
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
- Department of Plant Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Matthew Shi
- Department of Plant Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Haijing Hu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Lunhe You
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Jianrui Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xianhao Cheng
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
- Yantai Growth Drivers Conversion Research Institute and Yantai Science and Technology Achievement Transfer and Transformation Demonstration Base, Yantai 264001, China
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Higuchi A, Tojo M, Mochizuki T. Sensitivity of Globisporangium ultimum to the fungicide metalaxyl is enhanced by the infection with a toti-like mycovirus. Microbiol Res 2024; 285:127742. [PMID: 38723390 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, numerous oomycete mycoviruses have been discovered; however, very few studies have focused on their effects on the host oomycete phenotype. In this study, we investigated the impact of toti-like Pythium ultimum RNA virus 2 (PuRV2) infection on the phytopathogenic soil-borne oomycete Globisporangium ultimum, which serves as a model species for Globisporangium and Pythium, specifically the UOP226 isolate in Japan. We generated a PuRV2-free isogenic line through hyphal tip isolation using high-temperature culture and subsequently compared the phenotypic characteristics and gene expression profiles of UOP226 and the PuRV2-free isogenic line. Our findings revealed that the metalaxyl sensitivity of UOP226 was greater than that of the PuRV2-free isogenic line, whereas the mycelial growth rate and colony morphology remained unchanged in the absence of the fungicide. Furthermore, transcriptome analyses using RNA-seq revealed significant downregulation of ABC-type transporter genes, which are involved in fungicide sensitivity, in UOP226. Our results suggest that PuRV2 infection influences the ecology of G. ultimum in agricultural ecosystems where metalaxyl is applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aika Higuchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Motoaki Tojo
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Mochizuki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
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Çelik A, Çakar D, Derviş S, Morca AF, Akıllı Şimşek S, Romon-Ochoa P, Özer G. New Detection Methods for Cryphonectria Hypovirus 1 (CHV1) through SYBR Green-Based Real-Time PCR and Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP). Viruses 2024; 16:1203. [PMID: 39205177 PMCID: PMC11360611 DOI: 10.3390/v16081203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Some mycoviruses can be considered as effective biocontrol agents, mitigating the impact of phytopathogenic fungi and consequently reducing disease outbreaks while promoting plant health. Cryphonectria parasitica, the causal agent of chestnut blight and a highly destructive pathogen, experienced a notable decrease in its virulence with the identification of cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1), a naturally occurring biocontrol agent. In this study, two innovative diagnostic protocols designed for the accurate and efficient detection of CHV1 are introduced. The ORF A and ORF B regions of CHV1 are targeted by these techniques, which employ colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with 2 Colorimetric LAMP Master Mix and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) with SYBR Green chemistry, respectively. The LAMP assay presents a discernible color transition, changing from pink to yellow after a 35 min incubation period. Comparative analysis, when assessed against two established reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) techniques, reveals a significant enhancement in sensitivity for both the LAMP approach, which offers a tenfold increase, and the qPCR method, which showcases a remarkable 100-fold sensitivity improvement. Throughout the comparison phase, it was evident that the RT-PCR, LAMP, and qPCR procedures displayed superior performance compared to the Bavendamm test, relying on phenol oxidase activity, effectively distinguishing hypovirulent strains. Consequently, this study introduces two pioneer diagnostic assays for highly sensitive CHV1 detection, representing a substantial advancement in the realm of CHV1 surveillance techniques. These methodologies hold significant promise for enhancing research endeavors in the domain of the biological control of C. parasitica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Çelik
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu 14030, Türkiye
| | - Deniz Çakar
- Central Research Laboratory Application and Research Center, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı 18100, Türkiye
| | - Sibel Derviş
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Kızıltepe Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Mardin Artuklu University, Mardin 47000, Türkiye
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, Vocational School of Kızıltepe, Mardin Artuklu University, Mardin 47000, Türkiye
| | - Ali Ferhan Morca
- Directorate of Plant Protection Central Research Institute, Gayret Mah. Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bulv., Yenimahalle, Ankara 06172, Türkiye
| | - Seçil Akıllı Şimşek
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı 18100, Türkiye
| | - Pedro Romon-Ochoa
- Forest Research, Plant Pathology Department, Alice Holt Research Station, Farnham GU10 4LH, UK
| | - Göksel Özer
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu 14030, Türkiye
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Li S, Chen F, Wei X, Yuan L, Qin J, Li R, Chen B. CpSmt3, an ortholog of small ubiquitin-like modifier, is essential for growth, organelle function, virulence, and antiviral defense in Cryphonectria parasitica. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1391855. [PMID: 38784801 PMCID: PMC11111931 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1391855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction SUMOylation is an important post-translational modification that regulates the expression, localization, and activity of substrate proteins, thereby participating in various important cellular processes such as the cell cycle, cell metabolism, gene transcription, and antiviral activity. However, the function of SUMOylation in phytopathogenic fungi has not yet been adequately explored. Methods A comprehensive analysis composed of proteomics, affinity pull-down, molecular and cellular approaches was performed to explore the roles of SUMOylation in Cryphonectria parasitica, the fungal pathogen responsible for chestnut blight. Results and discussion CpSmt3, the gene encoding the SUMO protein CpSmt3 in C. parasitica was identified and characterized. Deletion of the CpSmt3 gene resulted in defects in mycelial growth and hyphal morphology, suppression of sporulation, attenuation of virulence, weakening of stress tolerance, and elevated accumulation of hypovirus dsRNA. The ΔCpSmt3 deletion mutant exhibited an increase in mitochondrial ROS, swollen mitochondria, excess autophagy, and thickened cell walls. About 500 putative SUMO substrate proteins were identified by affinity pull-down, among which many were implicated in the cell cycle, ribosome, translation, and virulence. Proteomics and SUMO substrate analyses further revealed that deletion of CpSmt3 reduced the accumulation of CpRho1, an important protein that is involved in TOR signal transduction. Silencing of CpRho1 resulted in a phenotype similar to that of ΔCpSmt3, while overexpression of CpRho1 could partly rescue some of the prominent defects in ΔCpSmt3. Together, these findings demonstrate that SUMOylation by CpSmt3 is vitally important and provide new insights into the SUMOylation-related regulatory mechanisms in C. parasitica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangcai Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Fengyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiangyu Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Luying Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiayao Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ru Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Baoshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Tian X, Zhao Z, Zhao J, Su D, He B, Shi C, Shi Y. Transcriptomic analysis to identify genes associated with hypothalamus vulnerability in aging mice with cognitive decline. Behav Brain Res 2024; 465:114943. [PMID: 38452974 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The normal aging process is accompanied by cognitive decline, and previous studies have indicated the crucial role of the hypothalamus in regulating both aging and cognition. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying this relationship remains unclear. Therefore, this present study aimed to identify potential predictors of cognitive decline associated with aging specifically within the hypothalamus. To achieve this, we employed Morris water maze (MWM) testing to assess learning and memory differences between young and aged mice. Additionally, transcriptome sequencing was conducted on the hypothalamus of young and aged mice to identify potential genes. Subsequently, GO and KEGG analyses were performed to investigate the functions of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their associated biological pathways. Finally, the results obtained from sequencing analysis were further validated using qRT-PCR. Notably, MWM testing revealed a significant decrease in spatial learning and memory ability among aged mice. According to KEGG analysis, the DEGs primarily encompassed various biochemical signaling pathways related to immune system (e.g., C3; C4b; Ccl2; Ccl7; Cebpb; Clec7a; Col3a1; Cxcl10; Cxcl2; Fosb; Fosl1; Gbp5; H2-Ab1; Hspa1a; Hspa1b; Icam1; Il1b; Itga5; Itgax; Lilrb4a; Plaur; Ptprc; Serpine1; Tnfrsf10b; Tnfsf10), neurodegenerative disease (e.g., Atp2a1; Creb5; Fzd10; Hspa1a; Hspa1b; Il1b; Kcnj10; Nxf3; Slc6a3; Tubb6; Uba1y; Wnt9b), nervous system function (e.g., Chrna4; Chrna6; Creb5; Slc6a3),and aging (e.g., Creb5; Hspa1a; Hspa1b) among others. These identified genes may serve as potential predictors for cognitive function in elderly individuals and will provide a crucial foundation for further exploration into the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Tian
- Department of clinical laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhixing Zhao
- Department of clinical laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of clinical laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Su
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Bin He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Cuige Shi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China.
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of clinical laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Zhengzhou, China.
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Jiang Y, Liu X, Tian X, Zhou J, Wang Q, Wang B, Yu W, Jiang Y, Hsiang T, Qi X. RNA interference of Aspergillus flavus in response to Aspergillus flavus partitivirus 1 infection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1252294. [PMID: 38033556 PMCID: PMC10682719 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1252294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is one of the important defense responses against viral infection, but its mechanism and impact remain unclear in mycovirus infections. In our study, reverse genetics and virus-derived small RNA sequencing were used to show the antiviral responses of RNAi components in Aspergillus flavus infected with Aspergillus flavus partitivirus 1 (AfPV1). qRT-PCR revealed that AfPV1 infection induced the expression of the RNAi components in A. flavus compared with noninfected A. flavus. Knock mutants of each RNAi component were generated, but the mutants did not exhibit any obvious phenotypic changes compared with the A. flavus parental strain. However, after AfPV1 inoculation, production of AfPV1 was significantly less than in the parental strain. Furthermore, sporulation was greater in each AfPV1-infected mutant compared with the AfPV1-infected parental A. flavus. We also investigated the sensitivity of virus-free and AfPV1-infected RNAi mutants and the parental strain to cell wall stress, osmotic stress, genotoxic stress, and oxidative stress. The mutants of DCLs and AGOs infected by AfPV1 displayed more changes than RDRP mutants in response to the first three stresses. Small RNA sequencing analysis suggested that AfPV1 infection reduced the number of unique reads of sRNA in A. flavus, although there were many vsiRNA derived from the AfPV1 genome. GO term and KEGG pathway analyses revealed that the functions of sRNA affected by AfPV1 infection were closely related to vacuole production. These results provide a better understanding of the functional role of RNAi in the impact of AfPV1 on the hypovirulence of A. flavus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jianhong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qinrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenfeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yanping Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tom Hsiang
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaolan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Sun A, Zhao L, Sun Y, Chen Y, Li C, Dong W, Yang G. Horizontal and Vertical Transmission of a Mycovirus Closely Related to the Partitivirus RhsV717 That Confers Hypovirulence in Rhizoctonia solani. Viruses 2023; 15:2088. [PMID: 37896865 PMCID: PMC10611285 DOI: 10.3390/v15102088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani virus717 (RhsV717) was isolated from the Rhizoctonia solani (R. solani) AG-2 strain Rhs717. This study isolated a virus designated as Rhizoctonia solani partitivirus BS-5 (RsPV-BS5) from the R. solani AG-3 strain BS-5, the causal agent of tobacco target spot disease. The virus was identified as a strain of RhsV717. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that RsPV-BS5 had virus particles with a diameter of approximately 40 nm. Importantly, it can be horizontally transmitted through hyphal anastomosis and vertically transmitted via sexual basidiospores. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that RsPV-BS5 infection significantly impedes mycelial growth and induces hypovirulence in tobacco leaves. Thus, RsPV-BS5 presents a promising avenue for biocontrolling tobacco target spot disease. Transcriptome analysis unveiled differential expression of four genes related to cell wall-degrading enzymes between two isogenic strains, 06-2-15V and 06-2-15. These findings shed light on the molecular mechanism through which RsPV-BS5 reduces host pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (A.S.); (L.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (C.L.)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Lianjing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (A.S.); (L.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (A.S.); (L.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Yingrui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (A.S.); (L.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Chengyun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (A.S.); (L.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Wenhan Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (A.S.); (L.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Genhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (A.S.); (L.Z.); (Y.S.); (Y.C.); (C.L.)
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Li R, Chen F, Li S, Yuan L, Zhao L, Tian S, Chen B. Comparative acetylomic analysis reveals differentially acetylated proteins regulating fungal metabolism in hypovirus-infected chestnut blight fungus. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:1126-1138. [PMID: 37278715 PMCID: PMC10423328 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cryphonectria parasitica, the chestnut blight fungus, and hypoviruses are excellent models for examining fungal pathogenesis and virus-host interactions. Increasing evidence suggests that lysine acetylation plays a regulatory role in cell processes and signalling. To understand protein regulation in C. parasitica by hypoviruses at the level of posttranslational modification, a label-free comparative acetylome analysis was performed in the fungus with or without Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1) infection. Using enrichment of acetyl-peptides with a specific anti-acetyl-lysine antibody, followed by high accuracy liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis, 638 lysine acetylation sites were identified on 616 peptides, corresponding to 325 unique proteins. Further analysis revealed that 80 of 325 proteins were differentially acetylated between C. parasitica strain EP155 and EP155/CHV1-EP713, with 43 and 37 characterized as up- and down-regulated, respectively. Moreover, 75 and 65 distinct acetylated proteins were found in EP155 and EP155/CHV1-EP713, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the differentially acetylated proteins were involved in various biological processes and were particularly enriched in metabolic processes. Differences in acetylation in C. parasitica citrate synthase, a key enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, were further validated by immunoprecipitation and western blotting. Site-specific mutagenesis and biochemical studies demonstrated that the acetylation of lysine-55 plays a vital role in the regulation of the enzymatic activity of C. parasitica citrate synthase in vitro and in vivo. These findings provide a valuable resource for the functional analysis of lysine acetylation in C. parasitica, as well as improving our understanding of fungal protein regulation by hypoviruses from a protein acetylation perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, College of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Fengyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, College of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Shuangcai Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, College of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Luying Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, College of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Lijiu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, College of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Shigen Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, College of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Baoshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐Bioresources, College of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of AgricultureGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
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10
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Kuroki M, Yaguchi T, Urayama SI, Hagiwara D. Experimental verification of strain-dependent relationship between mycovirus and its fungal host. iScience 2023; 26:107337. [PMID: 37520716 PMCID: PMC10372822 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoviruses are viruses that infect fungi. Unlike mammalian infectious viruses, their life cycle does not generally have an extracellular stage, and a symbiosis-like relationship is maintained between virus and host fungi. Recently, mycoviruses have been reported to show effects on host fungi, altering biological properties such as growth rate, virulence, drug resistance, and metabolite production. In this study, we systematically elucidated the effects of viruses on host cells by comparing host phenotypes and transcriptomic responses in multiple sets of virus-infected and -eliminated Aspergillus flavus strains. The comparative study showed that mycoviruses affect several cellular activities at the molecular level in a virus- and host strain-dependent manner. The virus-swapping experiment revealed that difference with only three bases in the virus genome led to different host fungal response at the transcriptional level. Our results highlighted highly specific relationship between viruses and their host fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Kuroki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Takashi Yaguchi
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Inohana, Chou-ku, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
| | - Syun-ichi Urayama
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
- Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hagiwara
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
- Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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11
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Khan HA, Nerva L, Bhatti MF. The good, the bad and the cryptic: The multifaceted roles of mycoviruses and their potential applications for a sustainable agriculture. Virology 2023; 585:259-269. [PMID: 37453341 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Mycoviruses are natural inhabitants of fungi and have been identified in almost all fungal taxonomic groups. Mycoviruses that infect phytopathogenic fungi are now becoming a hot research area due to their potential for the biocontrol of important plant pathogens. But, before considering a mycovirus for biocontrol, we should be fully aware of the effects it induces in a fungal host and its interactions with other viruses, fungal strains and even the host plants. Mycoviral infections are generally associated with different effects, ranging from hypovirulence to hypervirulence, but they can often be cryptic (latent infections). The cryptic lifestyle has been associated to many mycoviruses, but thanks to growing knowledge we are now aware that it is often associated to axenic conditions while the real effects can be observed only in nature. Other mycoviruses either promote (hypervirulence) or (hypovirulence) fungal pathogenicity by a strong impact on the fungal physiology or by blocking the production of toxins or effectors. Finally, indirect effects of mycoviral infections can also be provided to the plant that hosts the fungal isolate, highlighting not only their potential as direct biocontrol agents but also as priming agents for plant resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. This review provides a broad overview of mycoviral interactions both with their hosts and with other mycoviruses, highlighting the most interesting examples. In contrast to what has been observed to date, we believe that the collective availability of these data will not only improve our understanding of mycoviruses, but also increase our confidence in considering them as alternative measures against fungal diseases to improve the sustainable production of food and feed commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haris Ahmed Khan
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Biotechnology, University of Mianwali, Punjab, 42200, Pakistan
| | - Luca Nerva
- Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-VE), Via XXVIII Aprile, 31015, Conegliano, (TV), Italy.
| | - Muhammad Faraz Bhatti
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan
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12
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Jaccard A, Dubuis N, Kellenberger I, Brodard J, Schnee S, Gindro K, Schumpp O. New viruses of Cladosporium sp. expand considerably the taxonomic structure of Gammapartitivirus genus. J Gen Virol 2023; 104:001879. [PMID: 37549001 PMCID: PMC10539651 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that Cladosporium sp. are ubiquitous fungi, their viromes have been little studied. By analysing a collection of Cladosporium fungi, two new partitiviruses named Cladosporium cladosporioides partitivirus 1 (CcPV1) and Cladosporium cladosporioides partitivirus 2 (CcPV2) co-infecting a strain of Cladosporium cladosporioides were identified. Their complete genome consists of two monocistronic dsRNA segments (RNA1 and RNA2) with a high percentage of pairwise identity on 5' and 3' end. The RNA directed RNA polymerase (RdRp) of both viruses and the capsid protein (CP) of CcPV1 display the classic characteristics required for their assignment to the Gammapartitivirus genus. In contrast, CcPV2 RNA2 encodes for a 41 KDa CP that is unusually smaller when aligned to CPs of other viruses classified in this genus. The structural role of this protein is confirmed by electrophoresis on acrylamide gel of purified viral particles. Despite the low percentage of identity between the capsid proteins of CcPV1 and CcPV2, their three-dimensional structures predicted by AlphaFold2 show strong similarities and confirm functional proximity. Fifteen similar viral sequences of unknown function were annotated using the CcPV2 CP sequence. The phylogeny of the CP was highly consistent with the phylogeny of their corresponding RdRp, supporting the organization of Gammapartitiviruses into three distinct clades despite stretching the current demarcation criteria. It is proposed that a new subgenus be created within the genus Gammapartitivirus for this new group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathalie Dubuis
- Department of Plant Protection, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | | | - Justine Brodard
- Department of Plant Protection, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Schnee
- Department of Plant Protection, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Katia Gindro
- Department of Plant Protection, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Schumpp
- Department of Plant Protection, Agroscope, Nyon, Switzerland
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Wang J, Quan R, He X, Fu Q, Tian S, Zhao L, Li S, Shi L, Li R, Chen B. Hypovirus infection induces proliferation and perturbs functions of mitochondria in the chestnut blight fungus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1206603. [PMID: 37448575 PMCID: PMC10336323 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1206603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica, and hypovirus have been used as a model to probe the mechanism of virulence and regulation of traits important to the host fungus. Previous studies have indicated that mitochondria could be the primary target of the hypovirus. Methods In this study, we report a comprehensive and comparative study comprising mitochondrion quantification, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and respiratory efficiency, and quantitative mitochondrial proteomics of the wild-type and virus-infected strains of the chestnut blight fungus. Results and discussion Our data show that hypovirus infection increases the total number of mitochondria, lowers the general ROS level, and increases mitochondrial respiratory efficiency. Quantification of mitochondrial proteomes revealed that a set of proteins functioning in energy metabolism and mitochondrial morphogenesis, as well as virulence, were regulated by the virus. In addition, two viral proteins, p29 and p48, were found to co-fractionate with the mitochondrial membrane and matrix. These results suggest that hypovirus perturbs the host mitochondrial functions to result in hypovirulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Marine Resources, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, China
| | - Rui Quan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xipu He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Shigen Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Lijiu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Shuangcai Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Liming Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ru Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Baoshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Wang P, Yang G, Shi N, Zhao C, Hu F, Coutts RHA, Kotta-Loizou I, Huang B. A novel partitivirus orchestrates conidiation, stress response, pathogenicity, and secondary metabolism of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium majus. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011397. [PMID: 37216409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoviruses are widely present in all major groups of fungi but those in entomopathogenic Metarhizium spp. remain understudied. In this investigation, a novel double-stranded (ds) RNA virus is isolated from Metarhizium majus and named Metarhizium majus partitivirus 1 (MmPV1). The complete genome sequence of MmPV1 comprises two monocistronic dsRNA segments (dsRNA 1 and dsRNA 2), which encode an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and a capsid protein (CP), respectively. MmPV1 is classified as a new member of the genus Gammapartitivirus in the family Partitiviridae based on phylogenetic analysis. As compared to an MmPV1-free strain, two isogenic MmPV1-infected single-spore isolates were compromised in terms of conidiation, and tolerance to heat shock and UV-B irradiation, while these phenotypes were accompanied by transcriptional suppression of multiple genes involved in conidiation, heat shock response and DNA damage repair. MmPV1 attenuated fungal virulence since infection resulted in reduced conidiation, hydrophobicity, adhesion, and cuticular penetration. Additionally, secondary metabolites were significantly altered by MmPV1 infection, including reduced production of triterpenoids, and metarhizins A and B, and increased production of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. However, expression of individual MmPV1 proteins in M. majus had no impact on the host phenotype, suggesting insubstantive links between defective phenotypes and a single viral protein. These findings indicate that MmPV1 infection decreases M. majus fitness to its environment and its insect-pathogenic lifestyle and environment through the orchestration of the host conidiation, stress tolerance, pathogenicity, and secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Guogen Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Najie Shi
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Fenglin Hu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Robert H A Coutts
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ioly Kotta-Loizou
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bo Huang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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15
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Ko Y, Chun J, Yang H, Kim D. Hypoviral-regulated HSP90 co-chaperone p23 (CpCop23) determines the colony morphology, virulence, and viral response of chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:413-424. [PMID: 36762926 PMCID: PMC10098053 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We previously identified a protein spot that showed down-regulation in the presence of Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1) and tannic acid supplementation as a Hsp90 co-chaperone p23 gene (CpCop23). The CpCop23-null mutant strain showed retarded growth with less aerial mycelia and intense pigmentation. Conidia of the CpCop23-null mutant were significantly decreased and their viability was dramatically diminished. The CpCop23-null mutant showed hypersensitivity to Hsp90 inhibitors. However, no differences in responsiveness were observed after exposure to other stressors such as temperature, reactive oxygen species, and high osmosis, the exception being cell wall-disturbing agents. A severe reduction in virulence was observed in the CpCop23-null mutant. Interestingly, viral transfer to the CpCop23-null mutant from CHV1-infected strain via anastomosis was more inefficient than a comparable transfer with the wild type as a result of decreased hyphal branching of the CpCop23-null mutant around the peripheral region, which resulted in less fusion of the hyphae. The CHV1-infected CpCop23-null mutant exhibited recovered mycelial growth with less pigmentation and sporulation. The CHV1-transfected CpCop23-null mutant demonstrated almost no virulence, that is, even less than that of the CHV1-infected wild type (UEP1), a further indication that reduced virulence of the mutant is not attributable exclusively to the retarded growth but rather is a function of the CpCop23 gene. Thus, this study indicates that CpCop23 plays a role in ensuring appropriate mycelial growth and development, spore viability, responses to antifungal drugs, and fungal virulence. Moreover, the CpCop23 gene acts as a host factor that affects CHV1-infected fungal growth and maintains viral symptom development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo‐Han Ko
- Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Institute for Molecular Biology and GeneticsJeonbuk National UniversityJeonjuSouth Korea
| | - Jeesun Chun
- Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Institute for Molecular Biology and GeneticsJeonbuk National UniversityJeonjuSouth Korea
| | - Han‐Eul Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Institute for Molecular Biology and GeneticsJeonbuk National UniversityJeonjuSouth Korea
| | - Dae‐Hyuk Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Institute for Molecular Biology and GeneticsJeonbuk National UniversityJeonjuSouth Korea
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16
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Sarrocco S. Biological Disease Control by Beneficial (Micro)Organisms: Selected Breakthroughs in the Past 50 Years. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:732-740. [PMID: 36706001 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-11-22-0405-kd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Biological control of plant disease by beneficial (micro)organisms is one of the main tools available to preserve plant health within the wider context of One Health and in line with the goals of the Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development. The commercial development of biocontrol agents, together with a new perspective on the resident microbial community, all supported by innovative "omics" technologies, continues to gain in prominence in plant pathology, addressing the need to feed the increasing world population and to assure safe and secure access to food. The present review considers selected advances within the last 50 years, highlighting those that can be considered as breakthroughs for the biological control research field. Selected examples of successful biocontrol agents and strategies are reported, including the history of the progress in researching Trichoderma isolates as commercial biocontrol agents, the exploitation of mycoviruses to confer hypovirulence to plant pathogenic fungi, the role of microbial communities in the suppressiveness of soils, and evolving approaches including the establishment of synthetic microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Sarrocco
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80-56124, Pisa, Italy
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17
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Müller M, Kües U, Budde KB, Gailing O. Applying molecular and genetic methods to trees and their fungal communities. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2783-2830. [PMID: 36988668 PMCID: PMC10106355 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12480-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Forests provide invaluable economic, ecological, and social services. At the same time, they are exposed to several threats, such as fragmentation, changing climatic conditions, or increasingly destructive pests and pathogens. Trees, the inherent species of forests, cannot be viewed as isolated organisms. Manifold (micro)organisms are associated with trees playing a pivotal role in forest ecosystems. Of these organisms, fungi may have the greatest impact on the life of trees. A multitude of molecular and genetic methods are now available to investigate tree species and their associated organisms. Due to their smaller genome sizes compared to tree species, whole genomes of different fungi are routinely compared. Such studies have only recently started in forest tree species. Here, we summarize the application of molecular and genetic methods in forest conservation genetics, tree breeding, and association genetics as well as for the investigation of fungal communities and their interrelated ecological functions. These techniques provide valuable insights into the molecular basis of adaptive traits, the impacts of forest management, and changing environmental conditions on tree species and fungal communities and can enhance tree-breeding cycles due to reduced time for field testing. It becomes clear that there are multifaceted interactions among microbial species as well as between these organisms and trees. We demonstrate the versatility of the different approaches based on case studies on trees and fungi. KEY POINTS: • Current knowledge of genetic methods applied to forest trees and associated fungi. • Genomic methods are essential in conservation, breeding, management, and research. • Important role of phytobiomes for trees and their ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Müller
- Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty for Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), University of Goettingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Ursula Kües
- Molecular Wood Biotechnology and Technical Mycology, Faculty for Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Center of Sustainable Land Use (CBL), Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina B Budde
- Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty for Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Center of Sustainable Land Use (CBL), Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Gailing
- Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty for Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), University of Goettingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
- Center of Sustainable Land Use (CBL), Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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18
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Villan Larios DC, Diaz Reyes BM, Pirovani CP, Loguercio LL, Santos VC, Góes-Neto A, Fonseca PLC, Aguiar ERGR. Exploring the Mycovirus Universe: Identification, Diversity, and Biotechnological Applications. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9030361. [PMID: 36983529 PMCID: PMC10052124 DOI: 10.3390/jof9030361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses that infect fungi are known as mycoviruses and are characterized by the lack of an extracellular phase. In recent years, the advances on nucleic acids sequencing technologies have led to a considerable increase in the number of fungi-infecting viral species described in the literature, with a special interest in assessing potential applications as fungal biocontrol agents. In the present study, we performed a comprehensive review using Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases to mine mycoviruses data to explore their molecular features and their use in biotechnology. Our results showed the existence of 267 mycovirus species, of which 189 are recognized by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). The majority of the mycoviruses identified have a dsRNA genome (38.6%), whereas the Botourmiaviridae (ssRNA+) alone represents 14% of all mycoviruses diversity. Regarding fungal hosts, members from the Sclerotinicaeae appeared as the most common species described to be infected by mycoviruses, with 16 different viral families identified so far. It is noteworthy that such results are directly associated with the high number of studies and strategies used to investigate the presence of viruses in members of the Sclerotinicaeae family. The knowledge about replication strategy and possible impact on fungi biology is available for only a small fraction of the mycoviruses studied, which is the main limitation for considering these elements potential targets for biotechnological applications. Altogether, our investigation allowed us to summarize the general characteristics of mycoviruses and their hosts, the consequences, and the implications of this knowledge on mycovirus–fungi interactions, providing an important source of information for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Carolina Villan Larios
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Biotechnology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil; (D.C.V.L.); (B.M.D.R.); (C.P.P.); (L.L.L.)
| | - Brayan Maudiel Diaz Reyes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Biotechnology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil; (D.C.V.L.); (B.M.D.R.); (C.P.P.); (L.L.L.)
| | - Carlos Priminho Pirovani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Biotechnology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil; (D.C.V.L.); (B.M.D.R.); (C.P.P.); (L.L.L.)
| | - Leandro Lopes Loguercio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Biotechnology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil; (D.C.V.L.); (B.M.D.R.); (C.P.P.); (L.L.L.)
| | - Vinícius Castro Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
| | - Aristóteles Góes-Neto
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
| | - Paula Luize Camargos Fonseca
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Biotechnology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil; (D.C.V.L.); (B.M.D.R.); (C.P.P.); (L.L.L.)
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Correspondence: (P.L.C.F.); (E.R.G.R.A.)
| | - Eric Roberto Guimarães Rocha Aguiar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Biotechnology and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil; (D.C.V.L.); (B.M.D.R.); (C.P.P.); (L.L.L.)
- Correspondence: (P.L.C.F.); (E.R.G.R.A.)
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Kang Q, Ning S, Sui L, Lu Y, Zhao Y, Shi W, Li Q, Zhang Z. Transcriptomic analysis of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana infected by a hypervirulent polymycovirus BbPmV-4. Fungal Biol 2023; 127:958-967. [PMID: 36906386 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Polymycoviridae is a recently established family of mycoviruses. Beauveria bassiana polymycovirus 4 (BbPmV-4) was previously reported. However, the effect of the virus on host fungus B. bassiana was not clarified. Here, a comparison between virus-free and virus-infected isogenic lines of B. bassiana revealed that BbPmV-4 infection of B. bassiana changes morphology and could lead to decreases in conidiation and increases in virulence against Ostrinia furnacalis larvae. The differential expression of genes between virus-free and virus-infected strains was compared by RNA-Seq and was consistent with the phenotype of B. bassiana. The enhanced pathogenicity may be related to the significant up-regulation of genes encoding mitogen activated protein kinase, cytochrome P450, and polyketide synthase. The results enable studies of the mechanism of interaction between BbPmV-4 and B. bassiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Kang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Changchun, 130033, Jilin Province, PR China; Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Siyu Ning
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Changchun, 130033, Jilin Province, PR China; Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Li Sui
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Changchun, 130033, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Yang Lu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Changchun, 130033, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Changchun, 130033, Jilin Province, PR China
| | - Wangpeng Shi
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Qiyun Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Changchun, 130033, Jilin Province, PR China; Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Zhengkun Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Changchun, 130033, Jilin Province, PR China.
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Teng L, Chen S, Hu Z, Chen J, Liu H, Zhang T. Molecular characterization and transcriptomic analysis of a novel polymycovirus in the fungus Talaromyces amestolkiae. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1008409. [PMID: 36386701 PMCID: PMC9645161 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1008409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Talaromyces amestolkiae is an important fungal species owing to its ubiquity in soils, plants, air, and food. In this study, we identified a novel six-segmented polymycovirus, Talaromyces amestolkiae polymycovirus 1 (TaPmV-1). Each of the double-stranded (ds) RNA segments of TaPmV-1 contained a single open reading frame, and the proteins encoded by dsRNA1, dsRNA2, dsRNA3, and dsRNA 5 shared significant amino acid identities of 56, 40, 47, and 43%, respectively, with the corresponding proteins of Aspergillus fumigatus polymycovirus-1(AfuPmV-1). DsRNA1, dsRNA3, and dsRNA5 of TaPmV-1 encoded an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), a viral methyltransferase, and a PAS-rich protein, respectively. The functions of the proteins encoded by dsRNA2, dsRNA4, and dsRNA6 have not been elucidated. Comparison of the virus-infected strain LSH3 with virus-cured strain LSHVF revealed that infection with TaPmV-l may reduce the production of red pigments and induce the clustering of fungal sclerotia. Furthermore, transcriptomic analyses demonstrated that infection with TaPmV-l downregulated the expression of transcripts related to metabolism, and may correlate with the reduced production of red pigments and clustering of sclerotia in T. amestolkiae. These results of this study provide novel insights into the mechanism of fungal gene regulation by polymycovirus infections at the transcriptome level, and this study is the first to report a novel polymycovirus of T. amestolkiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Teng
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Sen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zuquan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jili Chen
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Hongmei Liu, ; Tingting Zhang,
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Education Department of Guizhou, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Hongmei Liu, ; Tingting Zhang,
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Chun J, Ko YH, So KK, Cho SH, Kim DH. A fungal GPI-anchored protein gene functions as a virulence and antiviral factor. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111481. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Bocos-Asenjo IT, Niño-Sánchez J, Ginésy M, Diez JJ. New Insights on the Integrated Management of Plant Diseases by RNA Strategies: Mycoviruses and RNA Interference. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9236. [PMID: 36012499 PMCID: PMC9409477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-based strategies for plant disease management offer an attractive alternative to agrochemicals that negatively impact human and ecosystem health and lead to pathogen resistance. There has been recent interest in using mycoviruses for fungal disease control after it was discovered that some cause hypovirulence in fungal pathogens, which refers to a decline in the ability of a pathogen to cause disease. Cryphonectria parasitica, the causal agent of chestnut blight, has set an ideal model of management through the release of hypovirulent strains. However, mycovirus-based management of plant diseases is still restricted by limited approaches to search for viruses causing hypovirulence and the lack of protocols allowing effective and systemic virus infection in pathogens. RNA interference (RNAi), the eukaryotic cell system that recognizes RNA sequences and specifically degrades them, represents a promising. RNA-based disease management method. The natural occurrence of cross-kingdom RNAi provides a basis for host-induced gene silencing, while the ability of most pathogens to uptake exogenous small RNAs enables the use of spray-induced gene silencing techniques. This review describes the mechanisms behind and the potential of two RNA-based strategies, mycoviruses and RNAi, for plant disease management. Successful applications are discussed, as well as the research gaps and limitations that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Teresa Bocos-Asenjo
- Department of Plant Production and Forest Resources, University of Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
- iuFOR-Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid-INIA, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Jonatan Niño-Sánchez
- Department of Plant Production and Forest Resources, University of Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
- iuFOR-Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid-INIA, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Mireille Ginésy
- Department of Plant Production and Forest Resources, University of Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
- iuFOR-Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid-INIA, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Julio Javier Diez
- Department of Plant Production and Forest Resources, University of Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
- iuFOR-Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid-INIA, 34004 Palencia, Spain
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Li K, Liu D, Pan X, Yan S, Song J, Liu D, Wang Z, Xie Y, Dai J, Liu J, Li H, Zhang X, Gao F. Deoxynivalenol Biosynthesis in Fusarium pseudograminearum Significantly Repressed by a Megabirnavirus. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070503. [PMID: 35878241 PMCID: PMC9324440 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin widely detected in cereal products contaminated by Fusarium. Fusarium pseudograminearum megabirnavirus 1 (FpgMBV1) is a double-stranded RNA virus infecting Fusarium pseudograminearum. In this study, it was revealed that the amount of DON in F. pseudograminearum was significantly suppressed by FpgMBV1 through a high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) assay. A total of 2564 differentially expressed genes were identified by comparative transcriptomic analysis between the FpgMBV1-containing F. pseudograminearum strain FC136-2A and the virus-free strain FC136-2A-V-. Among them, 1585 genes were up-regulated and 979 genes were down-regulated. Particularly, the expression of 12 genes (FpTRI1, FpTRI3, FpTRI4, FpTRI5, FpTRI6, FpTRI8, FpTRI10, FpTRI11, FpTRI12, FpTRI14, FpTRI15, and FpTRI101) in the trichothecene biosynthetic (TRI) gene cluster was significantly down-regulated. Specific metabolic and transport processes and pathways including amino acid and lipid metabolism, ergosterol metabolic and biosynthetic processes, carbohydrate metabolism, and biosynthesis were regulated. These results suggest an unrevealing mechanism underlying the repression of DON and TRI gene expression by the mycovirus FpgMBV1, which would provide new methods in the detoxification of DON and reducing the yield loss in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (K.L.); (X.P.); (S.Y.); (J.S.); (D.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.X.); (J.D.); (H.L.)
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (D.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Xin Pan
- Department of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (K.L.); (X.P.); (S.Y.); (J.S.); (D.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.X.); (J.D.); (H.L.)
| | - Shuwei Yan
- Department of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (K.L.); (X.P.); (S.Y.); (J.S.); (D.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.X.); (J.D.); (H.L.)
| | - Jiaqing Song
- Department of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (K.L.); (X.P.); (S.Y.); (J.S.); (D.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.X.); (J.D.); (H.L.)
| | - Dongwei Liu
- Department of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (K.L.); (X.P.); (S.Y.); (J.S.); (D.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.X.); (J.D.); (H.L.)
| | - Zhifang Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (K.L.); (X.P.); (S.Y.); (J.S.); (D.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.X.); (J.D.); (H.L.)
| | - Yuan Xie
- Department of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (K.L.); (X.P.); (S.Y.); (J.S.); (D.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.X.); (J.D.); (H.L.)
| | - Junli Dai
- Department of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (K.L.); (X.P.); (S.Y.); (J.S.); (D.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.X.); (J.D.); (H.L.)
| | - Jihong Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (D.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Honglian Li
- Department of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (K.L.); (X.P.); (S.Y.); (J.S.); (D.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.X.); (J.D.); (H.L.)
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (K.L.); (X.P.); (S.Y.); (J.S.); (D.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.X.); (J.D.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (F.G.)
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (K.L.); (X.P.); (S.Y.); (J.S.); (D.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.X.); (J.D.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (F.G.)
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Li Y, Li S, Liang Z, Cai Q, Zhou T, Zhao C, Wu X. RNA-seq Analysis of Rhizoctonia solani AG-4HGI Strain BJ-1H Infected by a New Viral Strain of Rhizoctonia solani Partitivirus 2 Reveals a Potential Mechanism for Hypovirulence. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:1373-1385. [PMID: 34965159 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-21-0349-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani partitivirus 2 (RsPV2), in the genus Alphapartitivirus, confers hypovirulence on R. solani AG-1-IA, the causal agent of rice sheath blight. In this study, a new strain of RsPV2 obtained from R. solani AG-4HGI strain BJ-1H, the causal agent of black scurf on potato, wasidentified and designated as Rhizoctonia solani partitivirus 2 strain BJ-1H (RsPV2-BJ). An RNA sequencing analysis of strain BJ-1H and the virus RsPV2-BJ-free strain BJ-1H-VF derived from strain BJ-1H was conducted to investigate the potential molecular mechanism of hypovirulence induced by RsPV2-BJ. In total, 14,319 unigenes were obtained, and 1,341 unigenes were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 570 DEGs being down-regulated and 771 being up-regulated. Notably, several up-regulated DEGs were annotated to cell wall degrading enzymes, including β-1,3-glucanases. Strain BJ-1H exhibited increased expression of β-1,3-glucanase after RsPV2-BJ infection, suggesting that cell wall autolysis activity in R. solani AG-4HGI strain BJ-1H might be promoted by RsPV2-BJ, inducing hypovirulence in its host fungus R. solani AG-4HGI. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the potential mechanism of hypovirulence induced by a mycovirus in R. solani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Li
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Siwei Li
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Liang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingnian Cai
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehong Wu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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25
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Jiang Y, Yang B, Liu X, Tian X, Wang Q, Wang B, Zhang Q, Yu W, Qi X, Jiang Y, Hsiang T. A Satellite dsRNA Attenuates the Induction of Helper Virus-Mediated Symptoms in Aspergillus flavus. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:895844. [PMID: 35711767 PMCID: PMC9195127 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.895844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus is an important fungal pathogen of animals and plants. Previously, we reported a novel partitivirus, Aspergillus flavus partitivirus 1 (AfPV1), infecting A. flavus. In this study, we obtained a small double-stranded (ds) RNA segment (734 bp), which is a satellite RNA of the helper virus, AfPV1. The presence of AfPV1 altered the colony morphology, decreased the number of conidiophores, created significantly larger vacuoles, and caused more sensitivity to osmotic, oxidative, and UV stresses in A. flavus, but the small RNA segment could attenuate the above symptoms caused by the helper virus AfPV1 in A. flavus. Moreover, AfPV1 infection reduced the pathogenicity of A. flavus in corn (Zea mays), honeycomb moth (Galleria mellonella), mice (Mus musculus), and the adhesion of conidia to host epithelial cells, and increased conidial death by macrophages. However, the small RNA segment could also attenuate the above symptoms caused by the helper virus AfPV1 in A. flavus, perhaps by reducing the genomic accumulation of the helper virus AfPV1 in A. flavus. We used this model to investigate transcriptional genes regulated by AfPV1 and the small RNA segment in A. flavus, and their role in generating different phenotypes. We found that the pathways of the genes regulated by AfPV1 in its host were similar to those of retroviral viruses. Therefore, some pathways may be of benefit to non-retroviral viral integration or endogenization into the genomes of its host. Moreover, some potential antiviral substances were also found in A. flavus using this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qinrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qifang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenfeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaolan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yanping Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tom Hsiang
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Stauber L, Croll D, Prospero S. Temporal changes in pathogen diversity in a perennial plant-pathogen-hyperparasite system. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:2073-2088. [PMID: 35122694 PMCID: PMC9540319 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hyperparasites can affect the evolution of pathosystems by influencing the stability of both pathogen and host populations. However, how pathogens of perennial hosts evolve in the presence of a hyperparasite has rarely been studied. Here, we investigated temporal changes in genetic diversity of the invasive chestnut blight pathogen Cryphonectria parasitica in the presence of its parasitic mycovirus Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1). The virus reduces fungal virulence and represents an effective natural biocontrol agent against chestnut blight in Europe. We analysed genome-wide diversity and CHV1 prevalence in C. parasitica populations in southern Switzerland that were sampled twice at an interval of about 30 years. Overall, we found that both pathogen population structure and CHV1 prevalence were retained over time. The results suggest that recent bottlenecks have influenced the structure of C. parasitica populations in southern Switzerland. Strong balancing selection signals were found at a single vegetative incompatibility (vic) locus, consistent with negative frequency-dependent selection imposed by the vegetative incompatibility system. High levels of mating among related individuals (i.e., inbreeding) and genetic drift are probably at the origin of imbalanced allele ratios at vic loci and subsequently low vc type diversity. Virus infection rates were stable at ~30% over the study period and we found no significant impact of the virus on fungal population diversity. Consequently, the efficacy of CHV1-mediated biocontrol was probably retained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Stauber
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL)BirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Laboratory of Evolutionary GeneticsInstitute of BiologyUniversity of NeuchâtelNeuchâtelSwitzerland
- Department of Environmental SciencesUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Daniel Croll
- Laboratory of Evolutionary GeneticsInstitute of BiologyUniversity of NeuchâtelNeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Simone Prospero
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL)BirmensdorfSwitzerland
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27
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Chun J, Ko YH, Kim DH. Interaction between hypoviral-regulated fungal virulence factor laccase3 and small heat shock protein Hsp24 from the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica. J Microbiol 2021; 60:57-62. [PMID: 34826098 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-1498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Laccase3 is an important virulence factor of the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica. Laccase3 gene (lac3) transcription is induced by tannic acid, a group of phenolic compounds found in chestnut trees, and its induction is regulated by the hypovirus CHV1 infection. CpHsp24, a small heat shock protein gene of C. parasitica, plays a determinative role in stress adaptation and pathogen virulence. Having uncovered in our previous study that transcriptional regulation of the CpHsp24 gene in response to tannic acid supplementation and CHV1 infection was similar to that of the lac3, and that conserved phenotypic changes of reduced virulence were observed in mutants of both genes, we inferred that both genes were implicated in a common pathway. Building on this finding, in this paper we examined whether the CpHsp24 protein (CpHSP24) was a molecular chaperone for the lac3 protein (LAC3). Our pull-down experiment indicated that the protein products of the two genes directly interacted with each other. Heterologous co-expression of CpHsp24 and lac3 genes using Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in more laccase activity in the cotransformant than in a parental lac3-expresssing yeast strain. These findings suggest that CpHSP24 is, in fact, a molecular chaperone for the LAC3, which is critical component of fungal pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeesun Chun
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo-Han Ko
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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Degola F, Spadola G, Forgia M, Turina M, Dramis L, Chitarra W, Nerva L. Aspergillus Goes Viral: Ecological Insights from the Geographical Distribution of the Mycovirome within an Aspergillus flavus Population and Its Possible Correlation with Aflatoxin Biosynthesis. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:833. [PMID: 34682254 PMCID: PMC8538035 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial multi-level interactions are essential to control the success of spreading and survival of most microbes in natural environments. Phytopathogenic mycotoxigenic fungal species, such as Aspergillus flavus, represent an important issue in food safety. Usually, non-toxigenic strains are exploited for biocontrol strategies to mitigate infections by toxigenic strains. To comprehend all the biological variables involved in the aflatoxin biosynthesis, and to possibly evaluate the interplay between A. flavus toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains during intraspecific biocompetition, the "virological" perspective should be considered. For these reasons, investigations on mycoviruses associated to A. flavus populations inhabiting specific agroecosystems are highly desirable. Here, we provide the first accurate characterization of the novel mycovirome identified within an A. flavus wild population colonizing the maize fields of northern Italy: a selection of A. flavus strains was biologically characterized and subjected to RNAseq analysis, revealing new mycoviruses and a peculiar geographic pattern distribution in addition to a 20% rate of infection. More interestingly, a negative correlation between viral infection and aflatoxin production was found. Results significantly expanded the limited existent data about mycoviruses in wild A. flavus, opening new and intriguing hypotheses about the ecological significance of mycoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Degola
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (G.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Giorgio Spadola
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (G.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Marco Forgia
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (M.F.); (M.T.); (W.C.)
| | - Massimo Turina
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (M.F.); (M.T.); (W.C.)
| | - Lucia Dramis
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (G.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Walter Chitarra
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (M.F.); (M.T.); (W.C.)
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology CREA-VE, Via XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano, Italy
| | - Luca Nerva
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (M.F.); (M.T.); (W.C.)
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology CREA-VE, Via XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano, Italy
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Transcriptional Responses of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to the Infection by SsHADV-1. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7070493. [PMID: 34206246 PMCID: PMC8303302 DOI: 10.3390/jof7070493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The infection by a single-stranded DNA virus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum hypovirulence-associated DNA virus 1 (SsHADV-1), causes hypovirulence, a reduced growth rate, and other colony morphological changes in its host Sclerotinia sclerotiorum strain DT-8. However, the mechanisms of the decline are still unclear. Using digital RNA sequencing, a transcriptome analysis was conducted to elucidate the phenotype-related genes with expression changes in response to SsHADV-1 infection. A total of 3110 S. sclerotiorum differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected during SsHADV-1 infection, 1741 of which were up-regulated, and 1369 were down-regulated. The identified DEGs were involved in several important pathways. DNA replication, DNA damage response, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, ribosomal assembly, and translation were the affected categories in S. sclerotiorum upon SsHADV-1 infection. Moreover, the infection of SsHADV-1 also suppressed the expression of antiviral RNA silencing and virulence factor genes. These results provide further detailed insights into the effects of SsHADV-1 infection on the whole genome transcription in S. sclerotiorum.
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