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Su X, Zhou H, Xu F, Zhang J, Xiao B, Qi Q, Lin L, Yang B. Chaperonin TRiC/CCT subunit CCT7 is involved in the replication of canine parvovirus in F81 cells. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1346894. [PMID: 38384266 PMCID: PMC10879588 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1346894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is one of the most common lethal viruses in canines. The virus disease is prevalent throughout the year, with high morbidity and mortality rate, causing serious harm to dogs and the dog industry. Previously, yeast two hybrid method was used to screen the protein chaperonin containing TCP-1 (CCT7) that interacts with VP2. However, the mechanism of interactions between CCT7 and VP2 on CPV replication remains unclear. In this study, we first verified the interaction between CCT7 and viral VP2 proteins using yeast one-to-one experiment and co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) experiment. Laser confocal microscopy observation showed that CCT7 and VP2 were able to co-localize and were mostly localized in the cytoplasm. In addition, the study of VP2 truncated mutant found that the interaction region of VP2 with CCT7 was located between amino acids 231 and 320. Cycloheximide (CHX) chase experiments showed that CCT7 can improve the stability of VP2 protein. After further regulation of CCT7 expression in F81 cells, it was found that the expression level of VP2 protein was significantly reduced after knocking down CCT7 expression by RNA interference (RNAi) or HSF1A inhibitor, and increased after overexpressing host CCT7. The study reveals the role of VP2 interacting protein CCT7 in the replication process of CPV, which could provide a potential target for the prevention and control of CPV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bing Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zeng C, Han S, Pan Y, Huang Z, Zhang B, Zhang B. Revisiting the chaperonin T-complex protein-1 ring complex in human health and disease: A proteostasis modulator and beyond. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1592. [PMID: 38363102 PMCID: PMC10870801 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disrupted protein homeostasis (proteostasis) has been demonstrated to facilitate the progression of various diseases. The cytosolic T-complex protein-1 ring complex (TRiC/CCT) was discovered to be a critical player in orchestrating proteostasis by folding eukaryotic proteins, guiding intracellular localisation and suppressing protein aggregation. Intensive investigations of TRiC/CCT in different fields have improved the understanding of its role and molecular mechanism in multiple physiological and pathological processes. MAIN BODY In this review, we embark on a journey through the dynamic protein folding cycle of TRiC/CCT, unraveling the intricate mechanisms of its substrate selection, recognition, and intriguing folding and assembly processes. In addition to discussing the critical role of TRiC/CCT in maintaining proteostasis, we detail its involvement in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, autophagy, metabolic control, adaptive immunity and signal transduction processes. Furthermore, we meticulously catalogue a compendium of TRiC-associated diseases, such as neuropathies, cardiovascular diseases and various malignancies. Specifically, we report the roles and molecular mechanisms of TRiC/CCT in regulating cancer formation and progression. Finally, we discuss unresolved issues in TRiC/CCT research, highlighting the efforts required for translation to clinical applications, such as diagnosis and treatment. CONCLUSION This review aims to provide a comprehensive view of TRiC/CCT for researchers to inspire further investigations and explorations of potential translational possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Zeng
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei ProvinceWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato‐Pancreatic‐Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Shenqi Han
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei ProvinceWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato‐Pancreatic‐Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yonglong Pan
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei ProvinceWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato‐Pancreatic‐Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Zhao Huang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei ProvinceWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato‐Pancreatic‐Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Binhao Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei ProvinceWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato‐Pancreatic‐Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei ProvinceWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato‐Pancreatic‐Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of EducationWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, National Health CommissionWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesWuhanChina
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Corneillie L, Lemmens I, Weening K, De Meyer A, Van Houtte F, Tavernier J, Meuleman P. Virus-Host Protein Interaction Network of the Hepatitis E Virus ORF2-4 by Mammalian Two-Hybrid Assays. Viruses 2023; 15:2412. [PMID: 38140653 PMCID: PMC10748205 DOI: 10.3390/v15122412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout their life cycle, viruses interact with cellular host factors, thereby influencing propagation, host range, cell tropism and pathogenesis. The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an underestimated RNA virus in which knowledge of the virus-host interaction network to date is limited. Here, two related high-throughput mammalian two-hybrid approaches (MAPPIT and KISS) were used to screen for HEV-interacting host proteins. Promising hits were examined on protein function, involved pathway(s), and their relation to other viruses. We identified 37 ORF2 hits, 187 for ORF3 and 91 for ORF4. Several hits had functions in the life cycle of distinct viruses. We focused on SHARPIN and RNF5 as candidate hits for ORF3, as they are involved in the RLR-MAVS pathway and interferon (IFN) induction during viral infections. Knocking out (KO) SHARPIN and RNF5 resulted in a different IFN response upon ORF3 transfection, compared to wild-type cells. Moreover, infection was increased in SHARPIN KO cells and decreased in RNF5 KO cells. In conclusion, MAPPIT and KISS are valuable tools to study virus-host interactions, providing insights into the poorly understood HEV life cycle. We further provide evidence for two identified hits as new host factors in the HEV life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Corneillie
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Irma Lemmens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karin Weening
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amse De Meyer
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Freya Van Houtte
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philip Meuleman
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Hu X, Sun X, Zhao Y, Iv C, Sun X, Jin M, Zhang Q. GlcNac produced by the gut microbiome enhances host influenza resistance by modulating NK cells. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2271620. [PMID: 37953509 PMCID: PMC10730189 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2271620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiota are known to modulate the host response to influenza infection, but the mechanisms remain largely unknown. Gut metabolites are the key mediators through which gut microbes play anti-influenza effect. Transferring fecal metabolites from mice with high influenza resistance into antibiotic-treated recipient mice conferred resistance to influenza infections. By comparing the metabolites of different individuals with high or low influenza resistance, we identified and validated N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and adenosine showed strong positive correlations with influenza resistance and exerted anti-influenza effects in vivo or in vitro, respectively. Especially, GlcNAc mediated the anti-influenza effect by increasing the proportion and activity of NK cells. Several gut microbes, including Clostridium sp., Phocaeicola sartorii, and Akkermansia muciniphila, were positively correlated with influenza resistance, and can upregulate the level of GlcNAc in the mouse gut by exogenous supplementation. Subsequent studies confirmed that administering a combination of the three bacteria to mice via gavage resulted in similar modulation of NK cell responses as observed with GlcNAc. This study demonstrates that gut microbe-produced GlcNAc protects the host against influenza by regulating NK cells, facilitating the elucidation of the action mechanism of gut microbes mediating host influenza resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Changjie Iv
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Meilin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
- Emerging Disease Research Center, Keqian Institute of Biology, Keqian Biological Co. Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University and Hubei jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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Feng L, Li H, Du Y, Zhang T, Zhu Y, Li Z, Zhao L, Wang X, Wang G, Zhou L, Jiang Z, Liu Z, Ou Z, Wen Y, Zhuo Y. Chaperonin-Containing TCP1 Subunit 5 Protects Against the Effect of Mer Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Knockdown in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells by Interacting With Filamentous Actin and Activating the LIM-Kinase 1/Cofilin Pathway. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:861371. [PMID: 35492354 PMCID: PMC9043132 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.861371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP), characterized by the gradual loss of rod and cone photoreceptors that eventually leads to blindness, is the most common inherited retinal disorder, affecting more than 2.5 million people worldwide. However, the underlying pathogenesis of RP remains unclear and there is no effective cure for RP. Mutations in the Mer receptor tyrosine kinase (MERTK) gene induce the phagocytic dysfunction of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, leading to RP. Studies have indicated that filamentous actin (F-actin)—which is regulated by chaperonin-containing TCP1 subunit 5 (CCT5)—plays a vital role in phagocytosis in RPE cells. However, whether CCT5/F-actin signaling is involved in MERTK-associated RP remains largely unknown. In the present study, we specifically knocked down MERTK and CCT5 through siRNA transfection and examined the expression of CCT5 and F-actin in human primary RPE (HsRPE) cells. We found that MERTK downregulation inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and phagocytic function; significantly decreased the expression of F-actin; and disrupted the regular arrangement of F-actin. Importantly, our findings firstly indicate that CCT5 interacts with F-actin and is inhibited by MERTK siRNA in HsRPE cells. Upregulating CCT5 using CCT5-specific lentiviral vectors (CCT5-Le) rescued the cell proliferation, migration, and phagocytic function of HsRPE cells under the MERTK knockdown condition by increasing the expression of F-actin and restoring its regular arrangement via the LIMK1/cofilin, but not the SSH1/cofilin, pathway. In conclusion, CCT5 protects against the effect of MERTK knockdown in HsRPE cells and demonstrates the potential for effective treatment of MERTK-associated RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haichun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Du
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhidong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gongpei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linbin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaorong Jiang
- Ophthalmology Department of Zhuhai Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhancong Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuwen Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yehong Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Sheppard EC, Martin CA, Armstrong C, González-Quevedo C, Illera JC, Suh A, Spurgin LG, Richardson DS. Genomic associations with poxvirus across divergent island populations in Berthelot's pipit. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:3154-3173. [PMID: 35395699 PMCID: PMC9321574 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms and genes that enable animal populations to adapt to pathogens is important from an evolutionary, health and conservation perspective. Berthelot's pipit (Anthus berthelotii) experiences extensive and consistent spatial heterogeneity in avian pox infection pressure across its range of island populations, thus providing an excellent system with which to examine how pathogen-mediated selection drives spatial variation in immunogenetic diversity. Here we test for evidence of genetic variation associated with avian pox at both an individual and population-level. At the individual level, we find no evidence that variation in MHC class I and TLR4 (both known to be important in recognising viral infection) was associated with pox infection within two separate populations. However, using genotype-environment association (Bayenv) in conjunction with genome-wide (ddRAD-seq) data, we detected strong associations between population-level avian pox prevalence and allele frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at a number of sites across the genome. These sites were located within genes involved in cellular stress signalling and immune responses, many of which have previously been associated with responses to viral infection in humans and other animals. Consequently, our analyses indicates that pathogen-mediated selection may play a role in shaping genomic variation among relatively recently colonised island bird populations and highlights the utility of genotype-environment associations for identifying candidate genes potentially involved in host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor C Sheppard
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Claudia A Martin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Claire Armstrong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Catalina González-Quevedo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK.,Grupo Ecología y Evolución de Vertebrados, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan Carlos Illera
- Biodiversity Research Institute (CSIC-Oviedo University-Principality of Asturias), University of Oviedo, Campus of Mieres, Research Building, 5th Floor, c/ Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós, s/n, 33600 Mieres, Asturias, Spain
| | - Alexander Suh
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK.,Department of Ecology and Genetics - Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre (EBC), Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lewis G Spurgin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - David S Richardson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK
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Iyer K, Chand K, Mitra A, Trivedi J, Mitra D. Diversity in heat shock protein families: functional implications in virus infection with a comprehensive insight of their role in the HIV-1 life cycle. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:743-768. [PMID: 34318439 PMCID: PMC8315497 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01223-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a group of cellular proteins that are induced during stress conditions such as heat stress, cold shock, UV irradiation and even pathogenic insult. They are classified into families based on molecular size like HSP27, 40, 70 and 90 etc, and many of them act as cellular chaperones that regulate protein folding and determine the fate of mis-folded or unfolded proteins. Studies have also shown multiple other functions of these proteins such as in cell signalling, transcription and immune response. Deregulation of these proteins leads to devastating consequences, such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease and other life threatening diseases suggesting their potential importance in life processes. HSPs exist in multiple isoforms, and their biochemical and functional characterization still remains a subject of active investigation. In case of viral infections, several HSP isoforms have been documented to play important roles with few showing pro-viral activity whereas others seem to have an anti-viral role. Earlier studies have demonstrated that HSP40 plays a pro-viral role whereas HSP70 inhibits HIV-1 replication; however, clear isoform-specific functional roles remain to be established. A detailed functional characterization of all the HSP isoforms will uncover their role in cellular homeostasis and also may highlight some of them as potential targets for therapeutic strategies against various viral infections. In this review, we have tried to comprehend the details about cellular HSPs and their isoforms, their role in cellular physiology and their isoform-specific functions in case of virus infection with a specific focus on HIV-1 biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kruthika Iyer
- Laboratory for HIV Research, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Kailash Chand
- Laboratory for HIV Research, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Alapani Mitra
- Laboratory for HIV Research, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Jay Trivedi
- Laboratory for HIV Research, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Debashis Mitra
- Laboratory for HIV Research, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India.
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3-Indoleacetonitrile Is Highly Effective in Treating Influenza A Virus Infection In Vitro and In Vivo. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081433. [PMID: 34452298 PMCID: PMC8402863 DOI: 10.3390/v13081433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses are serious zoonotic pathogens that continuously cause pandemics in several animal hosts, including birds, pigs, and humans. Indole derivatives containing an indole core framework have been extensively studied and developed to prevent and/or treat viral infection. This study evaluated the anti-influenza activity of several indole derivatives, including 3-indoleacetonitrile, indole-3-carboxaldehyde, 3-carboxyindole, and gramine, in A549 and MDCK cells. Among these compounds, 3-indoleacetonitrile exerts profound antiviral activity against a broad spectrum of influenza A viruses, as tested in A549 cells. Importantly, in a mouse model, 3-indoleacetonitrile with a non-toxic concentration of 20 mg/kg effectively reduced the mortality and weight loss, diminished lung virus titers, and alleviated lung lesions of mice lethally challenged with A/duck/Hubei/WH18/2015 H5N6 and A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 H1N1 influenza A viruses. The antiviral properties enable the potential use of 3-indoleacetonitrile for the treatment of IAV infection.
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