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Krishnakant Kushwaha S, Wu Y, Leonardo Avila H, Anand A, Sicheritz-Pontén T, Millard A, Amol Marathe S, Nobrega FL. Comprehensive blueprint of Salmonella genomic plasticity identifies hotspots for pathogenicity genes. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002746. [PMID: 39110680 PMCID: PMC11305592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the dynamic evolution of Salmonella is vital for effective bacterial infection management. This study explores the role of the flexible genome, organised in regions of genomic plasticity (RGP), in shaping the pathogenicity of Salmonella lineages. Through comprehensive genomic analysis of 12,244 Salmonella spp. genomes covering 2 species, 6 subspecies, and 46 serovars, we uncover distinct integration patterns of pathogenicity-related gene clusters into RGP, challenging traditional views of gene distribution. These RGP exhibit distinct preferences for specific genomic spots, and the presence or absence of such spots across Salmonella lineages profoundly shapes strain pathogenicity. RGP preferences are guided by conserved flanking genes surrounding integration spots, implicating their involvement in regulatory networks and functional synergies with integrated gene clusters. Additionally, we emphasise the multifaceted contributions of plasmids and prophages to the pathogenicity of diverse Salmonella lineages. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive blueprint of the pathogenicity potential of Salmonella. This unique insight identifies genomic spots in nonpathogenic lineages that hold the potential for harbouring pathogenicity genes, providing a foundation for predicting future adaptations and developing targeted strategies against emerging human pathogenic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Krishnakant Kushwaha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS), Pilani, Rajasthan, India
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Wu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Hugo Leonardo Avila
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Instituto Carlos Chagas, FIOCRUZ Paraná, Brazil
| | - Abhirath Anand
- Department of Computer Sciences and Information Systems, Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS), Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre of Excellence for Omics-Driven Computational Biodiscovery (COMBio), AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Andrew Millard
- Centre for Phage Research, Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Sandhya Amol Marathe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS), Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Franklin L. Nobrega
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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2
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Pal A, Andersson DI. Bacteria can compensate the fitness costs of amplified resistance genes via a bypass mechanism. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2333. [PMID: 38485998 PMCID: PMC10940297 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46571-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic heteroresistance is a phenotype in which a susceptible bacterial population includes a small subpopulation of cells that are more resistant than the main population. Such resistance can arise by tandem amplification of DNA regions containing resistance genes that in single copy are not sufficient to confer resistance. However, tandem amplifications often carry fitness costs, manifested as reduced growth rates. Here, we investigated if and how these fitness costs can be genetically ameliorated. We evolved four clinical isolates of three bacterial species that show heteroresistance to tobramycin, gentamicin and tetracyclines at increasing antibiotic concentrations above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the main susceptible population. This led to a rapid enrichment of resistant cells with up to an 80-fold increase in the resistance gene copy number, an increased MIC, and severely reduced growth rates. When further evolved in the presence of antibiotic, these strains acquired compensatory resistance mutations and showed a reduction in copy number while maintaining high-level resistance. A deterministic model indicated that the loss of amplified units was driven mainly by their fitness costs and that the compensatory mutations did not affect the loss rate of the gene amplifications. Our findings suggest that heteroresistance mediated by copy number changes can facilitate and precede the evolution towards stable resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Pal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dan I Andersson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
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3
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Lang M, Carvalho A, Baharoglu Z, Mazel D. Aminoglycoside uptake, stress, and potentiation in Gram-negative bacteria: new therapies with old molecules. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2023; 87:e0003622. [PMID: 38047635 PMCID: PMC10732077 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00036-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYAminoglycosides (AGs) are long-known molecules successfully used against Gram-negative pathogens. While their use declined with the discovery of new antibiotics, they are now classified as critically important molecules because of their effectiveness against multidrug-resistant bacteria. While they can efficiently cross the Gram-negative envelope, the mechanism of AG entry is still incompletely understood, although this comprehension is essential for the development of new therapies in the face of the alarming increase in antibiotic resistance. Increasing antibiotic uptake in bacteria is one strategy to enhance effective treatments. This review aims, first, to consolidate old and recent knowledge about AG uptake; second, to explore the connection between AG-dependent bacterial stress and drug uptake; and finally, to present new strategies of potentiation of AG uptake for more efficient antibiotic therapies. In particular, we emphasize on the connection between sugar transport and AG potentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Lang
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3525, Unité Plasticité du Génome Bactérien, Paris, France
| | - André Carvalho
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3525, Unité Plasticité du Génome Bactérien, Paris, France
| | - Zeynep Baharoglu
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3525, Unité Plasticité du Génome Bactérien, Paris, France
| | - Didier Mazel
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3525, Unité Plasticité du Génome Bactérien, Paris, France
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4
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Krin E, Carvalho A, Lang M, Babosan A, Mazel D, Baharoglu Z. RavA-ViaA antibiotic response is linked to Cpx and Zra2 envelope stress systems in Vibrio cholerae. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0173023. [PMID: 37861314 PMCID: PMC10848872 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01730-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The RavA-ViaA complex was previously found to sensitize Escherichia coli to aminoglycosides (AGs) in anaerobic conditions, but the mechanism is unknown. AGs are antibiotics known for their high efficiency against Gram-negative bacteria. In order to elucidate how the expression of the ravA-viaA genes increases bacterial susceptibility to aminoglycosides, we aimed at identifying partner functions necessary for increased tolerance in the absence of RavA-ViaA, in Vibrio cholerae. We show that membrane stress response systems Cpx and Zra2 are required in the absence of RavA-ViaA, for the tolerance to AGs and for outer membrane integrity. In the absence of these systems, the ∆ravvia strain's membrane becomes permeable to external agents such as the antibiotic vancomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Krin
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3525, Unité Plasticité du Génome Bactérien, Paris, France
| | - André Carvalho
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3525, Unité Plasticité du Génome Bactérien, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, Paris, France
| | - Manon Lang
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3525, Unité Plasticité du Génome Bactérien, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, Paris, France
| | - Anamaria Babosan
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3525, Unité Plasticité du Génome Bactérien, Paris, France
| | - Didier Mazel
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3525, Unité Plasticité du Génome Bactérien, Paris, France
| | - Zeynep Baharoglu
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3525, Unité Plasticité du Génome Bactérien, Paris, France
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5
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Liu Z, Guan J, Chen Z, Tai C, Deng Z, Chao Y, Ou HY. CpxR promotes the carbapenem antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae by directly regulating the expression and the dissemination of blaKPC on the IncFII conjugative plasmid. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2256427. [PMID: 37672539 PMCID: PMC10524804 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2256427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important human pathogen known for its resistance to carbapenem antibiotics, especially the increasing carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent variants. The carbapenem resistance is mainly caused by the carbapenemase gene blaKPC which was commonly found on the IncFII transferable plasmids in K. pneumoniae ST11 isolates in regions of China. However, the mechanisms of the plasmid-carrying blaKPC regulation by the host strain are not clear. To investigate the chromosome-encoded two-component system (TCS) that regulates the carbapenem resistance of K. pneumoniae caused by blaKPC, twenty-four TCSs of a carbapenem-resistant classical K. pneumoniae ST11 clinical isolate were knocked out. The deletion mutation of the TCS regulator cpxR exhibited increased sensitivity to carbapenem, which could be restored by complementation with cpxR in trans. Electrophoretic mobility shift, isothermal titration calorimetry and DNase I footprinting results revealed that CpxR directly bound to the promoter DNA of blaKPC and the binding was abolished by disrupting the DNA-binding domain in CpxR. The subsequent in vivo assays using the lacZ reporter system and qPCR showed that CpxR upregulates the transcription of blaKPC. Notably, CpxR was also found to activate the transfer of the blaKPC-carrying IncFII plasmid between the hypervirulent K. pneumoniae and E. coli isolates, in which CpxR promoted the transcription of the tra operon via binding to its promoter region. These results provide an important insight into the regulation of the host factor CpxR in the plasmid-carrying carbapenemase gene in the classical and hypervirulent K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health (CMDH), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyan Chen
- Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cui Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Chao
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health (CMDH), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yu Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Xu T, Fang D, Li F, Wang Z, Liu Y. A Dietary Source of High Level of Fluoroquinolone Tolerance in mcr-Carrying Gram-Negative Bacteria. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0245. [PMID: 37808177 PMCID: PMC10557118 DOI: 10.34133/research.0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic tolerance, characterized by the prolonged survival of bacteria following antibiotic exposure, in natural bacterial populations, especially in pathogens carrying antibiotic resistance genes, has been an increasing threat to public health. However, the major causes contributing to the formation of antibiotic tolerance and underlying molecular mechanisms are yet poorly understood. Herein, we show that potassium sorbate (PS), a widely used food additive, triggers a high level of fluoroquinolone tolerance in bacteria carrying mobile colistin resistance gene mcr. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that PS treatment results in the accumulation of intracellular fumarate, which activates bacterial two-component system and decreases the expression level of outer membrane protein OmpF, thereby reducing the uptake of ciprofloxacin. In addition, the supplementation of PS inhibits aerobic respiration, reduces reactive oxygen species production and alleviates DNA damage caused by bactericidal antibiotics. Furthermore, we demonstrate that succinate, an intermediate product of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, overcomes PS-mediated ciprofloxacin tolerance. In multiple animal models, ciprofloxacin treatment displays failure outcomes in PS preadministrated animals, including comparable survival and bacterial loads with the vehicle group. Taken together, our works offer novel mechanistic insights into the development of antibiotic tolerance and uncover potential risks associated with PS use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Xu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine,
Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Dan Fang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine,
Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Fulei Li
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine,
Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine,
Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China,
Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine,
Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China,
Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institute of Comparative Medicine,
Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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7
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Wang B, Wang H, Lu X, Zheng X, Yang Z. Recent Advances in Electrochemical Biosensors for the Detection of Foodborne Pathogens: Current Perspective and Challenges. Foods 2023; 12:2795. [PMID: 37509887 PMCID: PMC10379338 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens cause many diseases and significantly impact human health and the economy. Foodborne pathogens mainly include Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella spp., Campylobacter spp. and Listeria monocytogenes, which are present in agricultural products, dairy products, animal-derived foods and the environment. Various pathogens in many different types of food and water can cause potentially life-threatening diseases and develop resistance to various types of antibiotics. The harm of foodborne pathogens is increasing, necessitating effective and efficient methods for early monitoring and detection. Traditional methods, such as real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and culture plate, are time-consuming, labour-intensive and expensive and cannot satisfy the demands of rapid food testing. Therefore, new fast detection methods are urgently needed. Electrochemical biosensors provide consumer-friendly methods to quickly detect foodborne pathogens in food and the environment and achieve extensive accuracy and reproducible results. In this paper, by focusing on various mechanisms of electrochemical transducers, we present a comprehensive overview of electrochemical biosensors for the detection of foodborne pathogens. Furthermore, the review introduces the hazards of foodborne pathogens, risk analysis methods and measures of control. Finally, the review also emphasizes the recent research progress and solutions regarding the use of electrochemical biosensors to detect foodborne pathogens in food and the environment, evaluates limitations and challenges experienced during the development of biosensors to detect foodborne pathogens and discusses future possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xubin Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiangfeng Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhenquan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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8
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Andrieu C, Loiseau L, Vergnes A, Gagnot S, Barré R, Aussel L, Collet JF, Ezraty B. Salmonella Typhimurium uses the Cpx stress response to detect N-chlorotaurine and promote the repair of oxidized proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2215997120. [PMID: 36976766 PMCID: PMC10083560 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2215997120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell envelope of gram-negative bacteria constitutes the first protective barrier between a cell and its environment. During host infection, the bacterial envelope is subjected to several stresses, including those induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive chlorine species (RCS) produced by immune cells. Among RCS, N-chlorotaurine (N-ChT), which results from the reaction between hypochlorous acid and taurine, is a powerful and less diffusible oxidant. Here, using a genetic approach, we demonstrate that Salmonella Typhimurium uses the CpxRA two-component system to detect N-ChT oxidative stress. Moreover, we show that periplasmic methionine sulfoxide reductase (MsrP) is part of the Cpx regulon. Our findings demonstrate that MsrP is required to cope with N-ChT stress by repairing N-ChT-oxidized proteins in the bacterial envelope. By characterizing the molecular signal that induces Cpx when S. Typhimurium is exposed to N-ChT, we show that N-ChT triggers Cpx in an NlpE-dependent manner. Thus, our work establishes a direct link between N-ChT oxidative stress and the envelope stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Andrieu
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 13402Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Loiseau
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 13402Marseille, France
| | - Alexandra Vergnes
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 13402Marseille, France
| | - Séverine Gagnot
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 13402Marseille, France
| | - Romain Barré
- Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Plate-forme Transcriptomique, 13402Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Aussel
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 13402Marseille, France
| | | | - Benjamin Ezraty
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, 13402Marseille, France
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9
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Xu J, Yao H, Li Y, Liao Q, Wan X, Liu L, Ma X, Tao H, Wang HL, Xu Y. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation as an alternative approach to inhibit the growth of Cronobacter sakazakii by fine-tuning the activity of CpxRA two-component system. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1063425. [PMID: 36733775 PMCID: PMC9886882 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1063425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen primarily found in powdered infant formula (PIF). To date, it remains challenging to control the growth of this ubiquitous bacterium. Herein, antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) was first employed to inactivate C. sakazakii. Through 460 nm light irradiation coupled with hypocrellin B, the survival rate of C. sakazakii was diminished by 3~4 log. The photokilling effect was mediated by the attenuated membrane integrity, as evidenced by PI staining. Besides, scanning electron microscopy showed the deformed and aggregated cell cluster, and intracellular ROS was augmented by 2~3 folds when light doses increase. In addition to planktonic cells, the biofilm formation of C. sakazakii was also affected, showing an OD590nm decline from 0.85 to 0.25. In terms of molecular aspects, a two-component system called CpxRA, along with their target genes, was deregulated during illumination. Using the knock-out strain of ΔCpxA, the bacterial viability was reduced by 2 log under aPDI, a wider gap than the wildtype strain. Based on the promoted expression of CpxR and OmpC, aPDI is likely to play its part through attenuating the function of CpxRA-OmpC pathway. Finally, the aPDI system was applied to PIF, and C. sakazakii was inactivated under various desiccated or heated storage conditions. Collectively, aPDI serves as an alternative approach to decontaminate C. sakazakii, providing a new strategy to reduce the health risks caused by this prevalent foodborne pathogen.
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10
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Chaudhari R, Singh K, Kodgire P. Biochemical and molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella spp. Res Microbiol 2023; 174:103985. [PMID: 35944794 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2022.103985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella is a diverse Gram-negative bacterium that represents the major disease burden worldwide. According to WHO, Salmonella is one of the fourth global causes of diarrhoeal disease. Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide health concern, and Salmonella spp. is one of the microorganisms that can evade the toxicity of antimicrobials via antibiotic resistance. This review aims to deliver in-depth knowledge of the molecular mechanisms and the underlying biochemical alterations perceived in antibiotic resistance in Salmonella. This information will help understand and mitigate the impact of antibiotic-resistant bacteria on humans and contribute to the state-of-the-art research developing newer and more potent antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Chaudhari
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India
| | - Kanika Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India
| | - Prashant Kodgire
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India.
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11
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Jin M, He J, Li J, Hu Y, Sun D, Gu H. Edwardsiella piscicida YccA: A novel virulence factor essential to membrane integrity, mobility, host infection, and host immune response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:318-326. [PMID: 35654386 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
YccA is a hydrophobic protein with seven transmembrane domains. The function of YccA is largely unknown in pathogenic bacteria. Edwardsiella piscicide (formerly known as E. tarda) is an aquatic pathogen that can infect various economically important fish, including flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). In this study, we investigated the role of YccA in E. piscicida by the construction of a mar kerless yccA in-frame mutant strain, TX01ΔyccA. We found that (i) in comparison to the wild type TX01, TX01ΔyccA exhibited markedly compromised tolerance to high temperature and tobramycin; (ii) deletion of yccA significantly impaired the integrity of the cell membrane and retarded bacterial biofilm formation and mobility; (iii) deficiency of yccA reduced bacterial adhesion and invasion of fish cells and immune tissues, while the introduction of a trans-expressed yccA gene restored the lost virulence of TX01ΔyccA; and (iv) host immune responses induced by TX01 and TX01ΔyccA were different in terms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and expression levels of cytokines. Taken together, the results of our study indicate that YccA is a novel virulence factor of E. piscicida, and YccA is essential for bacterial pathogenicity through evasion of the host's innate immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Jin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China; Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Jiaojiao He
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, China; School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Science and Medicine, Lake Superior State University, Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, 49783, USA
| | - Yonghua Hu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Dongmei Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China.
| | - Hanjie Gu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Haikou, 571101, China.
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12
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Boyd SM, Rhinehardt KL, Ewunkem AJ, Harrison SH, Thomas MD, Graves JL. Experimental Evolution of Copper Resistance in Escherichia coli Produces Evolutionary Trade-Offs in the Antibiotics Chloramphenicol, Bacitracin, and Sulfonamide. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060711. [PMID: 35740118 PMCID: PMC9219993 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise in antimicrobial resistant bacteria have prompted the need for antibiotic alternatives. To address this problem, significant attention has been given to the antimicrobial use and novel applications of copper. As novel applications of antimicrobial copper increase, it is important to investigate how bacteria may adapt to copper over time. Here, we used experimental evolution with re-sequencing (EER-seq) and RNA-sequencing to study the evolution of copper resistance in Escherichia coli. Subsequently, we tested whether copper resistance led to rifampicin, chloramphenicol, bacitracin, and/or sulfonamide resistance. Our results demonstrate that E. coli is capable of rapidly evolving resistance to CuSO4 after 37 days of selection. We also identified multiple de novo mutations and differential gene expression patterns associated with copper, most notably those mutations identified in the cpx gene. Furthermore, we found that the copper resistant bacteria had decreased sensitivity when compared to the ancestors in the presence of chloramphenicol, bacitracin, and sulfonamide. Our data suggest that the selection of copper resistance may inhibit growth in the antimicrobials tested, resulting in evolutionary trade-offs. The results of our study may have important implications as we consider the antimicrobial use of copper and how bacteria may respond to increased use over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sada M. Boyd
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 612 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Kristen L. Rhinehardt
- Department of Computational Data Science and Engineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1601 E. Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA;
| | - Akamu J. Ewunkem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Winston Salem State University, 601 S. Martin Luther King Jr. Drive, Win-ston-Salem, NC 27110, USA;
| | - Scott H. Harrison
- Department of Biology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1601 E. Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (S.H.H.); (M.D.T.); (J.L.G.J.)
| | - Misty D. Thomas
- Department of Biology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1601 E. Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (S.H.H.); (M.D.T.); (J.L.G.J.)
| | - Joseph L. Graves
- Department of Biology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1601 E. Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; (S.H.H.); (M.D.T.); (J.L.G.J.)
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Laure NN, Ahn J. Antibiofilm Activity of β-Lactam/β-Lactamase Inhibitor Combination against Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Typhimurium. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11030349. [PMID: 35335673 PMCID: PMC8950422 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to assess the effect of β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations on the inhibition of biofilm formation of Salmonella Typhimurium. The anti-planktonic and anti-biofilm activities of ampicillin (AMP), ceftriaxone (CEF), and combination treatments of antibiotics and sulbactam (AMP + SUL and CEF + SUL) were evaluated against antibiotic-sensitive S. Typhimurium ATCC 19585 (STAS) and clinically isolated multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. Typhimurium CCARM 8009 (STMDR). Compared to the control, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of AMP against STAS and CEF against STMDR were decreased from 32 to 16 μg/mL and 0.25 to 0.125 μg/mL, respectively, in the presence of SUL. The numbers of STMDR treated with AMP + SUL and CEF + SUL were effectively reduced by more than 2 logs after 4 h of incubation at 37 °C. The β-lactamase activities of STAS and STMDR treated with AMP and CEF were reduced from 3.3 to 2.6 μmol/min/mL and from 8.3 to 3.4 μmol/min/mL, respectively, in the presence of SUL. The biofilm cell numbers of STAS and STMDR were reduced at all treatments after 24 h of incubation at 37 °C. The biofilm cell numbers of STAS and STMDR were reduced by more than 2 logs in the presence of SUL compared to the AMP and CEF alone. The lowest relative fitness level was 0.6 in STAS treated with AMP + SUL, while no significant differences in the relative fitness were observed in STMDR. This study suggests that β-lactamase inhibitors (BLIs) could be used for controlling biofilm formation of β-lactamase-producing multidrug-resistant S. Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Nguefang Laure
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Juhee Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-250-6564
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The physiology and genetics of bacterial responses to antibiotic combinations. Nat Rev Microbiol 2022; 20:478-490. [PMID: 35241807 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-022-00700-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Several promising strategies based on combining or cycling different antibiotics have been proposed to increase efficacy and counteract resistance evolution, but we still lack a deep understanding of the physiological responses and genetic mechanisms that underlie antibiotic interactions and the clinical applicability of these strategies. In antibiotic-exposed bacteria, the combined effects of physiological stress responses and emerging resistance mutations (occurring at different time scales) generate complex and often unpredictable dynamics. In this Review, we present our current understanding of bacterial cell physiology and genetics of responses to antibiotics. We emphasize recently discovered mechanisms of synergistic and antagonistic drug interactions, hysteresis in temporal interactions between antibiotics that arise from microbial physiology and interactions between antibiotics and resistance mutations that can cause collateral sensitivity or cross-resistance. We discuss possible connections between the different phenomena and indicate relevant research directions. A better and more unified understanding of drug and genetic interactions is likely to advance antibiotic therapy.
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15
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:1611-1616. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Zhang MK, Zhang MY, Liu SB, Yang YY, Zhai YJ, He DD, Wu H, Pan YS, Liu JH, Yuan L, Hu GZ. Double deletion of cpxR and tolC significantly increases the susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to colistin. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:3168-3174. [PMID: 34499729 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing use of colistin causes a serious breach in our last line of defence against MDR Gram-negative pathogens. Our previous study showed that CpxR overexpression increases the susceptibility of acrB and cpxR double-deleted Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to colistin. OBJECTIVES To identify the mechanism of CpxAR and efflux pumps that synergistically enhance the susceptibility of S. Typhimurium to colistin. METHODS A series of cpxR- and tolC-deleted mutants and a cpxR-complemented strain from a multidrug-susceptible standard strain of S. Typhimurium (JS) were generated in our previous study. Herein, we investigated the susceptibility of these strains to colistin through the broth microdilution method, time-kill curves and survival assays. Growth curves were measured by OD600 in LB broth, tryptone-soy broth (TSB) and M9-glucose (0.2%) minimal media. Finally, molecular mechanisms underlying the mode of action were elucidated by transcriptomic analysis. RESULTS We found that in contrast to JS (0.8 mg/L), the MIC of colistin for JSΔtolC::kan showed a 16-fold decrease (0.05 mg/L). Notably, JSΔcpxRΔtolC and JSΔcpxRΔtolC/pcpxR were associated with a 256-fold decrease (0.0031 mg/L) compared with JS. Growth curves identified that JSΔcpxRΔtolC and JSΔcpxRΔtolC/pcpxR displayed a markedly lower growth rate and poorer adaptability. In addition, time-kill curves and survival assays showed that JSΔcpxRΔtolC and JSΔcpxRΔtolC/pcpxR were more susceptible to colistin. Lastly, double deletion of cpxR and tolC enhanced oxidative damage through promoting oxidative phosphorylation, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) respiration. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed that double deletion of cpxR and tolC significantly increases the susceptibility of S. Typhimurium to colistin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ke Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meng-Yao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuo-Bo Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ying Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya-Jun Zhai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dan-Dan He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hua Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu-Shan Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hua Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gong-Zheng Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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