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Wang Y, Wu J, Li J, Yu C, Gao J, Song F, Zhou L, Zhang R, Jiang S, Zhu Y. Isolation and characterization of duck sewage source Salmonella phage P6 and antibacterial activity for recombinant endolysin LysP6. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104227. [PMID: 39217665 PMCID: PMC11402287 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a globally prevalent foodborne pathogen, and adverse events caused by S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium are extremely common. With the emergence of drug resistance, there is an urgent need for efficient and specific lytic bacteriophages as alternative to antibiotics in clinical practice. In this study, phage P6 was isolated and screened from effluent and fecal samples from duck farm environments to specifically lyse the duck sources S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis. Phage P6 belongs to the genus Lederbergvirus, unclassified Lederbergvirus species. The phage P6 genome did not contained non-coding RNA, virulence genes and drug resistance genes, indicating that phage P6 was biologically safe for clinical applications. Phage P6 lysed 77.78% (28/36) of multidrug-resistant Salmonella and reduced biofilms formed by S. Enteritidis CVCC 3377, 4, and 24, and S. Typhimurium 44 by 44% to 75% within 3 h, and decreased Salmonella in duckling feces by up to 1.64 orders of magnitude. Prokaryotic expression of endolysin LysP6 lysed the chloroform-treated bacterial outer membrane from different serotypes of duck-derived Salmonella and E. coli standard strain ATCC 25922. The host range was expanded compared to phage P6, and the growth of Salmonella was effectively inhibited by LysP6 in conjunction with the membrane permeabilizer EDTA within 24 h. Therefore, phage P6 and phage-derived endolysins LysP6 are suitable for application as potent biocontrol agents to improve poultry health and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Jikun Wu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Changxu Yu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Fahui Song
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Luyang Zhou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Shijin Jiang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yanli Zhu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
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Torkashvand N, Kamyab H, Shahverdi AR, Khoshayand MR, Karimi Tarshizi MA, Sepehrizadeh Z. Characterization and genome analysis of a broad host range lytic phage vB_SenS_TUMS_E19 against Salmonella enterica and its efficiency evaluation in the liquid egg. Can J Microbiol 2024; 70:358-369. [PMID: 38990097 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2024-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovars are zoonotic bacterial that cause foodborne enteritis. Due to bacteria's antibiotic resistance, using bacteriophages for biocontrol and treatment is a new therapeutic approach. In this study, we isolated, characterized, and analyzed the genome of vB_SenS_TUMS_E19 (E19), a broad host range Salmonella bacteriophage, and evaluated the influence of E19 on liquid eggs infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the isolated bacteriophage had a siphovirus morphotype. E19 showed rapid adsorption (92% in 5 min), a short latent period (18 min), a large burst size (156 PFU per cell), and a broad host range against different Salmonella enterica serovars. Whole-genome sequencing analysis indicated that the isolated phage had a 42 813 bp long genome with 49.8% G + C content. Neither tRNA genes nor those associated with antibiotic resistance, virulence factors, or lysogenic formation were detected in the genome. The efficacy of E19 was evaluated in liquid eggs inoculated with S. Enteritidis at 4 and 25 °C, and results showed that it could effectively eradicate S. Enteritidis in just 30 min and prevented its growth up to 72 h. Our findings indicate that E19 can be an alternative to a preservative to control Salmonella in food samples and help prevent and treat salmonellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Torkashvand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haniyeh Kamyab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Shahverdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khoshayand
- Department of Food and Drug Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zargham Sepehrizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Dominguez-Mirazo M, Harris JD, Demory D, Weitz JS. Accounting for cellular-level variation in lysis: implications for virus-host dynamics. mBio 2024; 15:e0137624. [PMID: 39028198 PMCID: PMC11323501 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01376-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral impacts on microbial populations depend on interaction phenotypes-including viral traits spanning the adsorption rate, latent period, and burst size. The latent period is a key viral trait in lytic infections. Defined as the time from viral adsorption to viral progeny release, the latent period of bacteriophage is conventionally inferred via one-step growth curves in which the accumulation of free virus is measured over time in a population of infected cells. Developed more than 80 years ago, one-step growth curves do not account for cellular-level variability in the timing of lysis, potentially biasing inference of viral traits. Here, we use nonlinear dynamical models to understand how individual-level variation of the latent period impacts virus-host dynamics. Our modeling approach shows that inference of the latent period via one-step growth curves is systematically biased-generating estimates of shorter latent periods than the underlying population-level mean. The bias arises because variability in lysis timing at the cellular level leads to a fraction of early burst events, which are interpreted, artefactually, as an earlier mean time of viral release. We develop a computational framework to estimate latent period variability from joint measurements of host and free virus populations. Our computational framework recovers both the mean and variance of the latent period within simulated infections including realistic measurement noise. This work suggests that reframing the latent period as a distribution to account for variability in the population will improve the study of viral traits and their role in shaping microbial populations.IMPORTANCEQuantifying viral traits-including the adsorption rate, burst size, and latent period-is critical to characterize viral infection dynamics and develop predictive models of viral impacts across scales from cells to ecosystems. Here, we revisit the gold standard of viral trait estimation-the one-step growth curve-to assess the extent to which assumptions at the core of viral infection dynamics lead to ongoing and systematic biases in inferences of viral traits. We show that latent period estimates obtained via one-step growth curves systematically underestimate the mean latent period and, in turn, overestimate the rate of viral killing at population scales. By explicitly incorporating trait variability into a dynamical inference framework that leverages both virus and host time series, we provide a practical route to improve estimates of the mean and variance of viral traits across diverse virus-microbe systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Dominguez-Mirazo
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Quantitative Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jeremy D. Harris
- Department of Mathematics, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, Terre Haute, Indiana, USA
| | - David Demory
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, USR3579 Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Joshua S. Weitz
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Institut de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
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Khan MAS, Islam Z, Barua C, Sarkar MMH, Ahmed MF, Rahman SR. Phenotypic characterization and genomic analysis of a Salmonella phage L223 for biocontrol of Salmonella spp. in poultry. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15347. [PMID: 38961138 PMCID: PMC11222505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64999-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The escalating incidence of foodborne salmonellosis poses a significant global threat to food safety and public health. As antibiotic resistance in Salmonella continues to rise, there is growing interest in bacteriophages as potential alternatives. In this study, we isolated, characterized, and evaluated the biocontrol efficacy of lytic phage L223 in chicken meat. Phage L223 demonstrated robust stability across a broad range of temperatures (20-70 °C) and pH levels (2-11) and exhibited a restricted host range targeting Salmonella spp., notably Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis. Characterization of L223 revealed a short latent period of 30 min and a substantial burst size of 515 PFU/cell. Genomic analysis classified L223 within the Caudoviricetes class, Guernseyvirinae subfamily and Jerseyvirus genus, with a dsDNA genome size of 44,321 bp and 47.9% GC content, featuring 72 coding sequences devoid of antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors, toxins, and tRNA genes. Application of L223 significantly (p < 0.005) reduced Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14,028 counts by 1.24, 2.17, and 1.55 log CFU/piece after 2, 4, and 6 h of incubation, respectively, in experimentally contaminated chicken breast samples. These findings highlight the potential of Salmonella phage L223 as a promising biocontrol agent for mitigating Salmonella contamination in food products, emphasizing its relevance for enhancing food safety protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahidul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Chayan Barua
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Murshed Hasan Sarkar
- Genomics Research Laboratory, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, BCSIR, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Firoz Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Zheng X, Wang X, Zhou Y, Liu M, Li P, Gao L, Wang H, Ma X, Wang L, Huo X, Zhang W. Isolation, whole genome sequencing and application of a broad-spectrum Salmonella phage. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:335. [PMID: 38953983 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04061-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Salmonella is considered as one of the most common zoonotic /foodborne pathogens in the world. The application of bacteriophages as novel antibacterial agents in food substrates has become an emerging strategy. Bacteriophages have the potential to control Salmonella contamination.We have isolated and characterized a broad-spectrum Salmonella phage, SP154, which can lyse 9 serotypes, including S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Pullorum, S. Arizonae, S. Dublin, S. Cholerasuis, S. Chester, S. 1, 4, [5], 12: i: -, and S. Derby, accounting for 81.9% of 144 isolates. SP154 showed a short latent period (40 min) and a high burst size (with the first rapid burst size at 107 PFUs/cell and the second rapid burst size at approximately 40 PFUs/cell). Furthermore, SP154 activity has higher survival rates across various environmental conditions, including pH 4.0-12.0 and temperatures ranging from 4 to 50 °C for 60 min, making it suitable for diverse food processing and storage applications. Significant reductions in live Salmonella were observed in different foods matrices such as milk and chicken meat, with a decrease of up to 1.9 log10 CFU/mL in milk contamination and a 1 log10 CFU/mL reduction in chicken meat. Whole genome sequencing analysis revealed that SP154 belongs to the genus Ithacavirus, subfamily Humphriesvirinae, within the family Schitoviridae. Phylogenetic analysis based on the terminase large subunit supported this classification, although an alternate tree using the tail spike protein gene suggested affiliation with the genus Kuttervirus, underscoring the limitations of relying on a single gene for phylogenetic inference. Importantly, no virulence or antibiotic resistance genes were detected in SP154. Our research highlights the potential of using SP154 for biocontrol of Salmonella in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, 572024, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, 572024, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, 572024, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Meihan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, 572024, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Pei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, 572024, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Linyun Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, 572024, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, 572024, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xuelian Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangsu Polytechnic College Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, China
| | - Xiang Huo
- Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology in Emerging Major Infectious Diseases, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Health Emergency, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, 572024, China.
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Juliet R, Loganathan A, Neeravi A, Bakthavatchalam YD, Veeraraghavan B, Manohar P, Nachimuthu R. Characterization of Salmonella phage of the genus Kayfunavirus isolated from sewage infecting clinical strains of Salmonella enterica. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1391777. [PMID: 38887719 PMCID: PMC11180730 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1391777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multi-drug resistance in Salmonella, causing food-borne infections, is a significant issue. With over 2,600 serovars in in Salmonella sp., it is crucial to identify specific solutions for each serovar. Phage therapy serves as an alternate treatment option. In this study, vB_SalP_792 phage was obtained from sewage, forming plaques in eight out of 13 tested clinical S. enterica isolates. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination revealed a T7-like morphotype. The phage was characterized by its stability, life cycle, antibiofilm, and lytic ability in food sources. The phage remains stable throughout a range of temperatures (-20 to 70°C), pH levels (3-11), and in chloroform and ether. It also exhibited lytic activity within a range of MOIs from 0.0001 to 100. The life cycle revealed that 95% of the phages attached to their host within 3 min, followed by a 5-min latent period, resulting in a 50 PFU/cell burst size. The vB_SalP_792 phage genome has a dsDNA with a length of 37,281 bp and a GC content of 51%. There are 42 coding sequences (CDS), with 24 having putative functions and no resistance or virulence-related genes. The vB_SalP_792 phage significantly reduced the bacterial load in the established biofilms and also in egg whites. Thus, vB_SalP_792 phage can serve as an effective biocontrol agent for preventing Salmonella infections in food, and its potent lytic activity against the clinical isolates of S. enterica, sets out vB_SalP_792 phage as a successful candidate for future in vivo studies and therapeutical application against drug-resistant Salmonella infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Juliet
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Archana Loganathan
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Ayyanraj Neeravi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | | | - Prasanth Manohar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Center for Phage Technology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Ramesh Nachimuthu
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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Shymialevich D, Błażejak S, Średnicka P, Cieślak H, Ostrowska A, Sokołowska B, Wójcicki M. Biological Characterization and Genomic Analysis of Three Novel Serratia- and Enterobacter-Specific Virulent Phages. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5944. [PMID: 38892136 PMCID: PMC11172527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the high microbiological contamination of raw food materials and the increase in the incidence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, new methods of ensuring microbiological food safety are being sought. One solution may be to use bacteriophages (so-called phages) as natural bacterial enemies. Therefore, the aim of this study was the biological and genomic characterization of three newly isolated Serratia- and Enterobacter-specific virulent bacteriophages as potential candidates for food biocontrol. Serratia phage KKP_3708 (vB_Sli-IAFB_3708), Serratia phage KKP_3709 (vB_Sma-IAFB_3709), and Enterobacter phage KKP_3711 (vB_Ecl-IAFB_3711) were isolated from municipal sewage against Serratia liquefaciens strain KKP 3654, Serratia marcescens strain KKP 3687, and Enterobacter cloacae strain KKP 3684, respectively. The effect of phage addition at different multiplicity of infection (MOI) rates on the growth kinetics of the bacterial hosts was determined using a Bioscreen C Pro growth analyzer. The phages retained high activity in a wide temperature range (from -20 °C to 60 °C) and active acidity values (pH from 3 to 12). Based on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging and whole-genome sequencing (WGS), the isolated bacteriophages belong to the tailed bacteriophages from the Caudoviricetes class. Genomic analysis revealed that the phages have linear double-stranded DNA of size 40,461 bp (Serratia phage KKP_3708), 67,890 bp (Serratia phage KKP_3709), and 113,711 bp (Enterobacter phage KKP_3711). No virulence, toxins, or antibiotic resistance genes were detected in the phage genomes. The lack of lysogenic markers indicates that all three bacteriophages may be potential candidates for food biocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dziyana Shymialevich
- Culture Collection of Industrial Microorganisms—Microbiological Resources Center, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Str., 02-532 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (H.C.)
| | - Stanisław Błażejak
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS–SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166 Str., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Paulina Średnicka
- Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Str., 02-532 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Hanna Cieślak
- Culture Collection of Industrial Microorganisms—Microbiological Resources Center, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Str., 02-532 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (H.C.)
| | - Agnieszka Ostrowska
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS–SGGW), Ciszewskiego 8 Str., 02-786 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Barbara Sokołowska
- Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Str., 02-532 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Michał Wójcicki
- Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Str., 02-532 Warsaw, Poland;
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Liu L, Wang B, Huang A, Zhang H, Li Y, Wang L. Biological characteristics of the bacteriophage LDT325 and its potential application against the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1370332. [PMID: 38533332 PMCID: PMC10964948 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1370332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bud blight disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae is a major bacterial disease of tea plants in China. Concerns regarding the emergence of bacterial resistance to conventional copper controls have indicated the need to devise new methods of disease biocontrol. Phage-based biocontrol may be a sustainable approach to combat bacterial pathogens. In this study, a P. syringae phage was isolated from soil samples. Based on morphological characteristics, bacteriophage vB_PsS_LDT325 belongs to the Siphoviridae family; it has an icosahedral head with a diameter of 53 ± 1 nm and nonretractable tails measuring 110 ± 1 nm. The latent period and burst size of the phage were 10 min and 17 plaque-forming units (PFU)/cell, respectively. Furthermore, an analysis of the biological traits showed that the optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) of the phage was 0.01. When the temperature exceeded 60°C, the phage titer began to decrease. The phage exhibited tolerance to a wide range of pH (3-11) and maintained relatively stable pH tolerance. It showed a high tolerance to chloroform, but was sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) light. The effects of phage LDT325 in treating P. syringae infections in vivo were evaluated using a tea plant. Plants were inoculated with 2 × 107 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL P. syringae using the needle-prick method and air-dried. Subsequently, plants were inoculated with 2 × 107 PFU/mL LDT325 phage. Compared with control plants, the bacterial count was reduced by 1 log10/0.5 g after 4 days in potted tea plants inoculated with the phage. These results underscore the phage as a potential antibacterial agent for controlling P. syringae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lei Wang
- College of Agriculture and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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Bisen M, Kharga K, Mehta S, Jabi N, Kumar L. Bacteriophages in nature: recent advances in research tools and diverse environmental and biotechnological applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:22199-22242. [PMID: 38411907 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Bacteriophages infect and replicate within bacteria and play a key role in the environment, particularly in microbial ecosystems and bacterial population dynamics. The increasing recognition of their significance stems from their wide array of environmental and biotechnological uses, which encompass the mounting issue of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Beyond their therapeutic potential in combating antibiotic-resistant infections, bacteriophages also find vast applications such as water quality monitoring, bioremediation, and nutrient cycling within environmental sciences. Researchers are actively involved in isolating and characterizing bacteriophages from different natural sources to explore their applications. Gaining insights into key aspects such as the life cycle of bacteriophages, their host range, immune interactions, and physical stability is vital to enhance their application potential. The establishment of diverse phage libraries has become indispensable to facilitate their wide-ranging uses. Consequently, numerous protocols, ranging from traditional to cutting-edge techniques, have been developed for the isolation, detection, purification, and characterization of bacteriophages from diverse environmental sources. This review offers an exploration of tools, delves into the methods of isolation, characterization, and the extensive environmental applications of bacteriophages, particularly in areas like water quality assessment, the food sector, therapeutic interventions, and the phage therapy in various infections and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monish Bisen
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Kusum Kharga
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Sakshi Mehta
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Nashra Jabi
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Lokender Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India.
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Raj Khosla Centre for Cancer Research, Shoolini University, Himachal Pradesh, Solan, 173229, India.
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Li XT, Peng SY, Feng SM, Bao TY, Li SZ, Li SY. Recent Progress in Phage-Based Nanoplatforms for Tumor Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307111. [PMID: 37806755 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanodrug delivery systems have demonstrated a great potential for tumor therapy with the development of nanotechnology. Nonetheless, traditional drug delivery systems are faced with issues such as complex synthetic procedures, low reproducibility, nonspecific distribution, impenetrability of biological barrier, systemic toxicity, etc. In recent years, phage-based nanoplatforms have attracted increasing attention in tumor treatment for their regular structure, fantastic carrying property, high transduction efficiency and biosafety. Notably, therapeutic or targeting peptides can be expressed on the surface of the phages through phage display technology, enabling the phage vectors to possess multifunctions. As a result, the drug delivery efficiency on tumor will be vastly improved, thereby enhancing the therapeutic efficacy while reducing the side effects on normal tissues. Moreover, phages can overcome the hindrance of biofilm barrier to elicit antitumor effects, which exhibit great advantages compared with traditional synthetic drug delivery systems. Herein, this review not only summarizes the structure and biology of the phages, but also presents their potential as prominent nanoplatforms against tumor in different pathways to inspire the development of effective nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Yi Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Mei Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Ting-Yu Bao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, the Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Sheng-Zhang Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, the Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Shi-Ying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
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11
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Ali SF, Teh SH, Yang HH, Tsai YC, Chao HJ, Peng SS, Chen SC, Lin LC, Lin NT. Therapeutic Potential of a Novel Lytic Phage, vB_EclM_ECLFM1, against Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacter cloacae. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:854. [PMID: 38255926 PMCID: PMC10815064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The global rise of multidrug-resistant Enterobacter cloacae strains, especially those that are resistant to carbapenems and produce metallo-β-lactamases, poses a critical challenge in clinical settings owing to limited treatment options. While bacteriophages show promise in treating these infections, their use is hindered by scarce resources and insufficient genomic data. In this study, we isolated ECLFM1, a novel E. cloacae phage, from sewage water using a carbapenem-resistant clinical strain as the host. ECLFM1 exhibited rapid adsorption and a 15-min latent period, with a burst size of approximately 75 PFU/infected cell. Its genome, spanning 172,036 bp, was characterized and identified as a member of Karamvirus. In therapeutic applications, owing to a high multiplicity of infection, ECLFM1 showed increased survival in zebrafish infected with E. cloacae. This study highlights ECLFM1's potential as a candidate for controlling clinical E. cloacae infections, which would help address challenges in treating multidrug-resistant strains and contribute to the development of alternative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saieeda Fabia Ali
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Rd., Hualien 97004, Taiwan;
| | - Soon-Hian Teh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 707, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Rd., Hualien 97002, Taiwan;
| | - Hsueh-Hui Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 707, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Rd., Hualien 97002, Taiwan;
| | - Yun-Chan Tsai
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Rd., Hualien 97004, Taiwan;
| | - Huei-Jen Chao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 707, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Rd., Hualien 97002, Taiwan; (H.-J.C.); (S.-S.P.); (S.-C.C.)
| | - Si-Shiuan Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 707, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Rd., Hualien 97002, Taiwan; (H.-J.C.); (S.-S.P.); (S.-C.C.)
| | - Shu-Chen Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 707, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Rd., Hualien 97002, Taiwan; (H.-J.C.); (S.-S.P.); (S.-C.C.)
| | - Ling-Chun Lin
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Rd., Hualien 97004, Taiwan;
| | - Nien-Tsung Lin
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Rd., Hualien 97004, Taiwan;
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12
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Fang C, Dai X, Xiang L, Qiu Y, Yin M, Fu Y, Li Y, Zhang L. Isolation and characterization of three novel lytic phages against K54 serotype carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1265011. [PMID: 38149011 PMCID: PMC10749971 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1265011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-hvKP) has driven us to explore alternative treatments for the limitation of antimicrobial agents. Lytic phages are considered a promising alternative treatment for CR-hvKP infection. In this study, we reported three novel lytic phages, vB_KpnA_SCNJ1-Z, vB_KpnS_SCNJ1-C, and vB_KpnM_SCNJ1-Y, against a CR-hvKP strain SCNJ1, and they possess genomes of double-stranded DNA with a size of 43,428 bp, 46,039 bp, and 50,360 bp, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that vB_KpnA_SCNJ1-Z belongs to the family Autographiviridae within the class Caudoviricetes, while vB_KpnS_SCNJ1-C and vB_KpnM_SCNJ1-Y are unclassified Caudoviricetes. The phages showed a narrow host range only lysing 1 of 50 tested clinical bacterial strains. The one-step growth curves and stability results showed that the phages displayed relatively short latency periods, with broad pH (pH 3-14) and thermal stabilities (20-60°C). The phages showed significant inhibition of the biofilm formation by SCNJ1 and strong antibacterial activity in vitro. In the mouse model, we demonstrated that administration of a single phage or phage cocktail significantly reduced bacteria loads in the lung, liver, and spleen, and effectively rescued mice from the infection of the SCNJ1 strain, with a survival rate of 70-80%. These findings suggested the three phages have great potential as an alternative therapy with favorable stability and strong antibacterial activity both in vivo and in vitro for the treatment of CR-hvKP infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ying Li
- The School of Basic Medical Science and Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Luhua Zhang
- The School of Basic Medical Science and Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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13
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Zheng K, Liang Y, Paez-Espino D, Zou X, Gao C, Shao H, Sung YY, Mok WJ, Wong LL, Zhang YZ, Tian J, Chen F, Jiao N, Suttle CA, He J, McMinn A, Wang M. Identification of hidden N4-like viruses and their interactions with hosts. mSystems 2023; 8:e0019723. [PMID: 37702511 PMCID: PMC10654107 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00197-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The findings of this study are significant, as N4-like viruses represent a unique viral lineage with a distinct replication mechanism and a conserved core genome. This work has resulted in a comprehensive global map of the entire N4-like viral lineage, including information on their distribution in different biomes, evolutionary divergence, genomic diversity, and the potential for viral-mediated host metabolic reprogramming. As such, this work significantly contributes to our understanding of the ecological function and viral-host interactions of bacteriophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Polar Oceanography and Global Ocean Change, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- UMT-OUC Joint Centre for Marine Studies, Qingdao, China
| | - Yantao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Polar Oceanography and Global Ocean Change, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- UMT-OUC Joint Centre for Marine Studies, Qingdao, China
| | - David Paez-Espino
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Mammoth Biosciences Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xiao Zou
- Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Chen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Polar Oceanography and Global Ocean Change, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- UMT-OUC Joint Centre for Marine Studies, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongbing Shao
- Key Laboratory of Polar Oceanography and Global Ocean Change, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- UMT-OUC Joint Centre for Marine Studies, Qingdao, China
| | - Yeong Yik Sung
- UMT-OUC Joint Centre for Marine Studies, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Wen Jye Mok
- UMT-OUC Joint Centre for Marine Studies, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Li Lian Wong
- UMT-OUC Joint Centre for Marine Studies, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polar Oceanography and Global Ocean Change, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiwei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Curtis A. Suttle
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Botany, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jianfeng He
- SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Andrew McMinn
- Key Laboratory of Polar Oceanography and Global Ocean Change, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polar Oceanography and Global Ocean Change, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- UMT-OUC Joint Centre for Marine Studies, Qingdao, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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14
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Torkashvand N, Kamyab H, Shahverdi AR, Khoshayand MR, Sepehrizadeh Z. Isolation, characterization, and genome analysis of a broad host range Salmonella phage vB_SenS_TUMS_E4: a candidate bacteriophage for biocontrol. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1493-1503. [PMID: 37097546 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enteritidis is one of the most important foodborne pathogens that cause numerous outbreaks worldwide. Some strains of Salmonella have become progressively resistant to antibiotics, so they could represent a critical threat to public health and have led to the use of alternative therapeutic approaches like phage therapy. In this study, a lytic phage, vB_SenS_TUMS_E4 (E4), was isolated from poultry effluent and characterized to evaluate its potential and efficacy for bio-controlling S. enteritidis in foods. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that E4 has a siphovirus morphotype, with an isometric head and non-contractile tail. Determining the host range showed that this phage can effectively infect different motile as well as non-motile Salmonella enterica serovars. The biological characteristics of E4 showed that it has a short latent period of about 15 min and a large burst size of 287 PFU/cell, and is also significantly stable in a broad range of pHs and temperatures. The E4 whole genome contains 43,018 bp and encodes 60 coding sequences (CDSs) but no tRNA genes. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the genome of E4 lacks any genes related to lysogeny behavior, antibiotic resistance, toxins, or virulence factors. The efficacy of phage E4 as a bio-control agent was assessed in various foodstuffs inoculated with S. enteritidis at 4°C and 25°C, and the resulting data indicated that it could eradicate S. enteritidis after a very short time of 15 min. The findings of the present study showed that E4 is a hopeful candidate as a bio-control agent against S. enteritidis and has the potential to be used in various foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Torkashvand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, PO Box 14155-6451, Iran
| | - Haniyeh Kamyab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, PO Box 14155-6451, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Shahverdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, PO Box 14155-6451, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khoshayand
- Department of Food and Drug Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zargham Sepehrizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, PO Box 14155-6451, Iran.
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15
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Lin Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Yuan W, Wang D, Zhu W. Biological and genomic characterization of a polyvalent bacteriophage (S19cd) strongly inhibiting Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis. Vet Microbiol 2023; 284:109822. [PMID: 37437367 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages are a promising alternative for the control of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we isolated a virulent bacteriophage, S19cd, from pig gut that could infect both a non-pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli 44 (EC44) and two pathogenic bacterial strains (ATCC 13312 (SC13312) and CICC 21493 (SC21493)) of Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis (SC). S19cd exhibited strong lytic ability in both SC13312 and SC21493 with an optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10-6 and 10-5, respectively, and inhibited their growth at an MOI of 10-7 within 24 h. Mice pre-treated with S19cd exhibited protection against the SC13312 challenge. Moreover, S19cd has good heat resistance (80 ℃) and pH tolerance (pH 3-12). Genome analysis revealed that S19cd belongs to the Felixounavirus genus and does not contain any virulence or drug-resistance-related genes. Additionally, S19cd encodes an adenine-specific methyltransferase that has no similarity to methyltransferases from other Felixounavirus phages and shares limited similarity with other methyltransferases in the NCBI protein database. Metagenomic analysis of S19cd genomes from 500 pigs revealed that S19cd-like phages may be widespread in Chinese pig gut. In conclusion, S19cd can be a potential phage therapy targeting SC infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yankun Liu
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenyuan Yuan
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dongyang Wang
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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16
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Uskudar-Guclu A, Yalcin S, Unlu S, Mirza HC, Basustaoglu A. Evaluation of the Lytic Activity of Various Phage Cocktails Against, ESBL-Producer, Non-Producer and Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates. Indian J Microbiol 2023; 63:208-215. [PMID: 37325020 PMCID: PMC10267027 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01074-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages have been proposed as an alternative therapy for the treatment of bacterial infections. This research aims to determine the lytic activity of bacteriophage-cocktails (BC) against carbapenem-resistant (CR-EC), ESBL-producer (EP-EC), and non-producer (NP-EC) E. coli isolates. Related resistance genes in 87 E. coli isolates were screened by PCR. The efficacies of BCs were determined by spot test and lytic zones were evaluated from fully-confluent to opaque. MOIs of the BCs were compared for fully-confluent and opaque lytic zones. BCs were also evaluated in terms of their biophysical characteristics including latency, burst size, pH and temperature stabilities. Among EP-EC, 96.9% of the isolates carry blaCTX-M, 25% of them blaSHV and 15.6% of them carry blaTEM. All CR-EC isolates carried blaOXA-48, but not blaKPC and blaNDM. CR-EC isolates were the least susceptible for the each of four BCs. MOIs for ENKO, SES and INTESTI-phage forming fully-confluent zone in E. coli isolates EC3 (NP-EC), EC8 (EP-EC) and EC27 (NP-EC), respectively were 10, 100 and 1, respectively. MOIs for ENKO, SES and INTESTI opaque zone in EC19 (EP-EC), EC10 (EP-EC), EC1(NP-EC), respectively were 0.01, 0.01, 0.1 PFU/CFU, respectively. The MOI for PYO-phage forming a semi-confluent zone in EC6 (NP-EC) isolate was 1 PFU/CFU. The phages were thermally stable and tolerant to a wide pH range. Comparison of MOIs according to lysis zone characteristics demonstrated that the activities of phages in phage cocktails vary depending on the characteristics of each bacterial host. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-023-01074-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Uskudar-Guclu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Suleyman Yalcin
- Microbiology References Laboratory, Ministry of Health General Directorate of Public Health, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Sezin Unlu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Hasan Cenk Mirza
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Basustaoglu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Türkiye
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17
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Shahdadi M, Safarirad M, Berizi E, Mazloomi SM, Hosseinzadeh S, Zare M, Derakhshan Z, Rajabi S. A systematic review and modeling of the effect of bacteriophages on Salmonella spp. Reduction in chicken meat. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14870. [PMID: 37025894 PMCID: PMC10070888 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevention and control of foodborne pathogens are of vital public health importance, and poultry meat is recognized as a major source of Salmonella infection in humans. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the presence of salmonella in poultry meat. This article provided a systematic review and modeling to assess the effect of various factors on bacteriophages' function on Salmonella spp. Reduction in poultry meat. Twenty-two studies were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria mentioned in the methodology. The results showed that each unit increase in bacterial dose, phage dose, and temperature increases the Salmonella reduction by about 7%, 20%, and 1%, respectively. In addition, wild-type phages were more efficient than commercial-type phages, and this result was statistically significant (β = 1.124; p-value <0.001). This multivariate analysis is a helpful tool to predict the role of various factors in the role of phage in reducing Salmonella in poultry meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Shahdadi
- Research Committee, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Safarirad
- Research Committee, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Enayat Berizi
- Research Committee, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Corresponding author.
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mazloomi
- Research Committee, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeid Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Morteza Zare
- Research Committee, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Derakhshan
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Rajabi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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18
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Cui K, Li P, Huang J, Lin F, Li R, Cao D, Hao G, Sun S. Salmonella Phage CKT1 Effectively Controls the Vertical Transmission of Salmonella Pullorum in Adult Broiler Breeders. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020312. [PMID: 36829587 PMCID: PMC9952982 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Phage therapy is widely being reconsidered as an alternative to antibiotics for the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, including salmonellosis caused by Salmonella. As facultative intracellular parasites, Salmonella could spread by vertical transmission and pose a great threat to both human and animal health; however, whether phage treatment might provide an optional strategy for controlling bacterial vertical infection remains unknown. Herein, we explored the effect of phage therapy on controlling the vertical transmission of Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum (S. Pullorum), a poultry pathogen that causes economic losses worldwide due to high mortality and morbidity. A Salmonella phage CKT1 with lysis ability against several S. enterica serovars was isolated and showed that it could inhibit the proliferation of S. Pullorum in vitro efficiently. We then evaluated the effect of phage CKT1 on controlling the vertical transmission of S. Pullorum in an adult broiler breeder model. The results demonstrated that phage CKT1 significantly alleviated hepatic injury and decreased bacterial load in the liver, spleen, heart, ovary, and oviduct of hens, implying that phage CKT1 played an active role in the elimination of Salmonella colonization in adult chickens. Additionally, phage CKT1 enabled a reduction in the Salmonella-specific IgG level in the serum of infected chickens. More importantly, the decrease in the S. Pullorum load on eggshells and in liquid whole eggs revealed that phage CKT1 effectively controlled the vertical transmission of S. Pullorum from hens to laid eggs, indicating the potential ability of phages to control bacterial vertical transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketong Cui
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Peiyong Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Fang Lin
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Ruibo Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Dingguo Cao
- Poultry Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Guijuan Hao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- Correspondence: (G.H.); (S.S.); Tel.: +86-182-5202-6546 (G.H.); +86-137-0538-9710 (S.S.)
| | - Shuhong Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- Correspondence: (G.H.); (S.S.); Tel.: +86-182-5202-6546 (G.H.); +86-137-0538-9710 (S.S.)
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Tung CW, Alvarado-Martínez Z, Tabashsum Z, Aditya A, Biswas D. A Highly Effective Bacteriophage-1252 to Control Multiple Serovars of Salmonella enterica. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040797. [PMID: 36832872 PMCID: PMC9955900 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) is the most common foodborne pathogen worldwide, leading to massive economic loss and a significant burden on the healthcare system. The primary source of S. enterica remains contaminated or undercooked poultry products. Considering the number of foodborne illnesses with multiple antibiotic resistant S. enterica, new controlling approaches are necessary. Bacteriophage (phage) therapies have emerged as a promising alternative to controlling bacterial pathogens. However, the limitation on the lysis ability of most phages is their species-specificity to the bacterium. S. enterica has various serovars, and several major serovars are involved in gastrointestinal diseases in the USA. In this study, Salmonella bacteriophage-1252 (phage-1252) was isolated and found to have the highest lytic activity against multiple serovars of S. enterica, including Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Newport, Heidelberg, Kentucky, and Gallinarum. Whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed phage-1252 is a novel phage strain that belongs to the genus Duplodnaviria in the Myoviridae family, and consists of a 244,421 bp dsDNA, with a G + C content of 48.51%. Its plaque diameters are approximately 2.5 mm to 0.5 mm on the agar plate. It inhibited Salmonella Enteritidis growth after 6 h. The growth curve showed that the latent and rise periods were approximately 40 min and 30 min, respectively. The burst size was estimated to be 56 PFU/cell. It can stabilize and maintain original activity between 4 °C and 55 °C for 1 h. These results indicate that phage-1252 is a promising candidate for controlling multiple S. enterica serovars in food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Wei Tung
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Zabdiel Alvarado-Martínez
- Biological Sciences Program-Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Zajeba Tabashsum
- Biological Sciences Program-Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Arpita Aditya
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Debabrata Biswas
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Biological Sciences Program-Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Correspondence:
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20
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Evaluation of phage-antibiotic combinations in the treatment of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Salmonella enteritidis strain PT1. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13077. [PMID: 36747932 PMCID: PMC9898657 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne infections caused by Salmonella spp. are among the most common foodborne diseases in the world. We isolated a lytic phage against extended-spectrum beta-lactam producing S. Enteritidis strain PT1 derived from chicken carcass. Results from electronmicrography indicated that phiPT1 belonged to the family, Siphoviridae, in the order, Caudovirales. Phage phiPT1 was stable at temperatures from 4 °C to 60 °C and inactivated at 90 °C. phiPT1 retained a high titer from pH 4 to pH 10 for at least 1 h. Nevertheless, it displayed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in titer at pH 11 and 12, with phage titers of 5.5 and 2.4 log10 PFU/mL, respectively. The latent time and burst size of phiPT1 were estimated to be 30 min and 252 PFU/infected cell, respectively. The virulence of phage phiPT1 was evaluated against S. Enteritidis strain PT1 at different MOIs. phiPT1 reduced Salmonella proliferation relative to the negative control (MOI 0) at all MOIs (P < 0.05). However, there is no significant difference among the MOIs (P > 0.05). The phage-antibiotic combination analysis (PAS) indicated that synergism was not detected at higher phiPT1 titer (1012 PFU/mL) with all tested antibiotics at all subinhibitory concentrations. However, synergistic activities were recorded at 0.25 × MIC of four tested antibiotics: cefixime, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and aztreonam in combination with phage at 104, 106 and 108 PFU/mL (ΣFIC ≤0.5). Synergism was detected for all antibiotics (0.1 × MIC) except meropenem and colistin in combination with phiPT1 at 104, 106 and 108 PFU/mL (ΣFIC ≤0.5). Synergism also displayed at the lowest concentrations of all antibiotics (0.01 MIC) in combination with phiPT1 at all titers except 1012 PFU/mL. Such characteristic features make phiPT1 to be a potential candidate for therapeutic uses.
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Liao Y, Zhang J, Wang M, Wu Y, Zhang J, Wang S, Pan Y, Cao G. Nitrogen Removal From Wastewater for Heterotrophic Nitrification-aerobic Denitrification Bacterium With the Combination of Bacteriophage DEY7 and Fe Nanoparticles. Biochem Eng J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Isolation and Characterization of Chi-like Salmonella Bacteriophages Infecting Two Salmonella enterica Serovars, Typhimurium and Enteritidis. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121480. [PMID: 36558814 PMCID: PMC9783114 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium and Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis are well-known pathogens that cause foodborne diseases in humans. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella serovars has caused serious public health problems worldwide. In this study, two lysogenic phages, STP11 and SEP13, were isolated from a wastewater treatment plant in Jeddah, KSA. Transmission electron microscopic images revealed that both phages are new members of the genus “Chivirus” within the family Siphoviridae. Both STP11 and SEP13 had a lysis time of 90 min with burst sizes of 176 and 170 PFU/cell, respectively. The two phages were thermostable (0 °C ≤ temperature < 70 °C) and pH tolerant at 3 ≤ pH < 11. STP11 showed lytic activity for approximately 42.8% (n = 6), while SEP13 showed against 35.7% (n = 5) of the tested bacterial strains. STP11 and STP13 have linear dsDNA genomes consisting of 58,890 bp and 58,893 bp nucleotide sequences with G + C contents of 57% and 56.5%, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the genomes of phages STP11 and SEP13 contained 70 and 71 ORFs, respectively. No gene encoding tRNA was detected in their genome. Of the 70 putative ORFs of phage STP11, 27 (38.6%) were assigned to functional genes and 43 (61.4%) were annotated as hypothetical proteins. Similarly, 29 (40.8%) of the 71 putative ORFs of phage SEP13 were annotated as functional genes, whereas the remaining 42 (59.2%) were assigned as nonfunctional proteins. Phylogenetic analysis of the whole genome sequence demonstrated that the isolated phages are closely related to Chi-like Salmonella viruses.
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23
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Kim S, Chang Y. Anti-Salmonella polyvinyl alcohol coating containing a virulent phage PBSE191 and its application on chicken eggshell. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111971. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sriprasong P, Imklin N, Nasanit R. Selection and characterization of bacteriophages specific to Salmonella Choleraesuis in swine. Vet World 2022; 15:2856-2869. [PMID: 36718326 PMCID: PMC9880823 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2856-2869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Salmonella Choleraesuis is the most common serotype that causes salmonellosis in swine. Recently, the use of bacteriophages as a potential biocontrol strategy has increased. Therefore, this study aimed to isolate and characterize bacteriophages specific to S. Choleraesuis associated with swine infection and to evaluate the efficacy of individual phages and a phage cocktail against S. Choleraesuis strains in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). Materials and Methods Three strains of S. Choleraesuis isolated from pig intestines served as host strains for phage isolation. The other 10 Salmonella serovars were also used for the phage host range test. The antibiotic susceptibility of the bacterial strains was investigated. Water samples from natural sources and drain liquid from slaughterhouses were collected for phage isolation. The isolated phages were characterized by determining the efficiency of plating against all Salmonella strains and the stability at a temperature range (4°C-65°C) and at low pH (2.5-4.0) in simulated gastric fluids (SGFs). Furthermore, morphology and genomic restriction analyses were performed for phage classification phages. Finally, S. Choleraesuis reduction in the SIF by the selected individual phages and a phage cocktail was investigated. Results The antibiotic susceptibility results revealed that most Salmonella strains were sensitive to all tested drugs. Salmonella Choleraesuis KPS615 was multidrug-resistant, showing resistance to three antibiotics. Nine phages were isolated. Most of them could infect four Salmonella strains. Phages vB_SCh-RP5i3B and vB_SCh-RP61i4 showed high efficiency in infecting S. Choleraesuis and Salmonella Rissen. The phages were stable for 1 h at 4°C-45°C. However, their viability decreased when the temperature increased to 65°C. In addition, most phages remained viable at a low pH (pH 2.5-4.0) for 2 h in SGF. The efficiency of phage treatment against S. Choleraesuis in SIF showed that individual phages and a phage cocktail with three phages effectively reduced S. Choleraesuis in SIF. However, the phage cocktails were more effective than the individual phages. Conclusion These results suggest that the newly isolated phages could be promising biocontrol agents against S. Choleraesuis infection in pigs and could be orally administered. However, further in vivo studies should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattaraporn Sriprasong
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Napakhwan Imklin
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Rujikan Nasanit
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand,Corresponding author: Rujikan Nasanit, e-mail: Co-authors: PS: , NI:
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25
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Pelyuntha W, Yafa A, Ngasaman R, Yingkajorn M, Chukiatsiri K, Champoochana N, Vongkamjan K. Oral Administration of a Phage Cocktail to Reduce Salmonella Colonization in Broiler Gastrointestinal Tract-A Pilot Study. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223087. [PMID: 36428315 PMCID: PMC9686501 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella contamination in poultry meat products can lead to serious foodborne illness and economic loss from product recalls. It is crucial to control Salmonella contamination in poultry from farm to fork. Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses of bacteria that offer several advantages, especially their specificity to target bacteria. In our study, three Salmonella phages (vB_SenS_KP001, vB_SenS_KP005, and vB_SenS_WP110) recovered from a broiler farm and wastewater treatment stations showed high lysis ability ranging from 85.7 to 96.4% on over 56 serovars of Salmonella derived from several sources, including livestock and a broiler farm environment. A three-phage cocktail reduced S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium, in vitro by 3.9 ± 0.0 and 3.9 ± 0.2 log units at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 103 and 3.8 ± 0.4 and 4.1 ± 0.2 log units at MOI of 104 after 6 h post-phage treatment. A developed phage cocktail did not cause phage resistance in Salmonella during phage treatments for three passages. Phages could survive under simulated chicken gastrointestinal conditions in the presence of gastric acid for 2 h (100.0 ± 0.0% survivability), bile salt for 1 h (98.1 ± 1.0% survivability), and intestinal fluid for 4 h (100 ± 0.0% survivability). Each phage was in the phage cocktail at a concentration of up to 9.0 log PFU/mL. These did not cause any cytotoxicity to human fibroblast cells or Caco-2 cells as indicated by the percent of cell viability, which remained nearly 100% as compared with the control during 72 h of co-culture. The phage cocktail was given to broilers raised in commercial conditions at a 9 log PFU/dose for five doses, while naturally occurring Salmonella cells colonized in the gastrointestinal tract of broilers were significantly reduced as suggested by a considerably lower Salmonella prevalence from over 70 to 0% prevalence after four days of phage treatment. Our findings suggest that a phage cocktail is an effective biocontrol agent to reduce Salmonella present in the guts of broilers, which can be applied to improve food safety in broiler production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wattana Pelyuntha
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart Univerisity, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Ananya Yafa
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart Univerisity, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Ruttayaporn Ngasaman
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand
| | - Mingkwan Yingkajorn
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand
| | - Kridda Chukiatsiri
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Technology, Maejo University, Nongharn, Sansai, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
| | - Nidanut Champoochana
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand
| | - Kitiya Vongkamjan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart Univerisity, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Correspondence: or
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Cao S, Yang W, Zhu X, Liu C, Lu J, Si Z, Pei L, Zhang L, Hu W, Li Y, Wang Z, Pang Z, Xue X, Li Y. Isolation and identification of the broad-spectrum high-efficiency phage vB_SalP_LDW16 and its therapeutic application in chickens. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:386. [PMID: 36329508 PMCID: PMC9632116 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03490-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella infection in livestock and poultry causes salmonellosis, and is mainly treated using antibiotics. However, the misuse use of antibiotics often triggers the emergence of multi-drug-resistant Salmonella strains. Currently, Salmonella phages is safe and effective against Salmonella, serving as the best drug of choice. This study involved 16 Salmonella bacteriophages separated and purified from the sewage and the feces of the broiler farm. A phage, vB_SalP_LDW16, was selected based on the phage host range test. The phage vB_SalP_LDW16 was characterized by the double-layer plate method and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the clinical therapeutic effect of phage vB_SalP_LDW16 was verified by using the pathogenic Salmonella Enteritidis in the SPF chicken model. Results The phage vB_SalP_LDW16 with a wide host range was identified to the family Siphoviridae and the order Caudoviridae, possess a double-stranded DNA and can lyse 88% (22/25) of Salmonella strains stored in the laboratory. Analysis of the biological characteristics, in addition, revealed the optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) of vB_SalP_LDW16 to be 0.01 and the phage titer to be up to 3 × 1014 PFU/mL. Meanwhile, the phage vB_SalP_LDW16 was found to have some temperature tolerance, while the titer decreases rapidly above 60 ℃, and a wide pH (i.e., 5–12) range as well as relative stability in pH tolerance. The latent period of phage was 10 min, the burst period was 60 min, and the burst size was 110 PFU/cell. Furthermore, gastric juice was also found to highly influence the activity of the phage. The clinical treatment experiments showed that phage vB_SalP_LDW16 was able to significantly reduce the bacterial load in the blood through phage treatment, thereby improving the pathological changes in the intestinal, liver, and heart damage, and promoting the growth and development of the chicken. Conclusions The phage vB_SalP_LDW16 is a highly lytic phage with a wide host range, which can be potentially used for preventing and treating chicken salmonellosis, as an alternative or complementary antibiotic treatment in livestock farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengliang Cao
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Xihui Zhu
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Cheng Liu
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Jianbiao Lu
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Zhenshu Si
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Lanying Pei
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Leilei Zhang
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Wensi Hu
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Yanlan Li
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Zheyu Pang
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Xijuan Xue
- Shandong Sinder Technology Co., Ltd., Sinder Industrial Park, Shungeng Road, Zhucheng Development Zone, Weifang, Shandong 262200 China
| | - Yubao Li
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
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Zhu W, Ding Y, Huang C, Wang J, Wang J, Wang X. Genomic characterization of a novel bacteriophage STP55 revealed its prominent capacity in disrupting the dual-species biofilm formed by Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157: H7 strains. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:597. [PMID: 36056994 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella and Escherichia coli are important foodborne pathogens, forming bacterial biofilms that contribute to their virulence, antimicrobial resistance, and survival on surfaces. Broad lytic phages are promising alternatives to conventional technologies for pathogen biocontrol and reducing biofilms. Herein, we isolated and characterized a novel polyvalent phage STP55 that not only lyse some serotypes of Salmonella, but also some E. coli strains. It had a wide range of pH (4-12) and thermal (30-60 °C) tolerances. The latent time was determined to be 10 min in the one-step growth experiment. Morphological observations by transmission electron microscopy and phylogenetic analysis using terminase gene classified STP55 to family Ackermannviridae in the order Caudovirales, with a complex tail structure. The genome was found to comprise 157,708 bp double-stranded DNA, with 44.57% GC content, 207 predicted ORFs and with no genes associated with antibiotic resistance, toxins, lysogeny, and virulence factors. Particularly, phage STP55 was able to inhibit single- and dual-species biofilms formation by S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028 and E. coli O157: H7, with a reduction percentage of 51.0%, 47.8% and 52.8%, respectively. Moreover, more than 65.0%, 72.9% and 46.2% of an established, single- and dual-species biofilms by S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028 and E. coli O157: H7 were removed after 8 h exposure to the phage STP55, respectively. The elimination effect of STP55 on dual-species biofilm formed on lettuce was further observed by SEM. Overall, our results demonstrated that STP55 is a promising antimicrobial against Salmonella and E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yifeng Ding
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chenxi Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ji Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Whole genome sequence analysis of bacteriophage P1 that infects the Lactobacillus plantarum. Virus Genes 2022; 58:570-583. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-022-01929-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Li Y, Lv P, Shi D, Zhao H, Yuan X, Jin X, Wang X. A Cocktail of Three Virulent Phages Controls Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Enteritidis Infection in Poultry. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:940525. [PMID: 35875532 PMCID: PMC9298555 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.940525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is not only the most common pathogen of poultry and poultry-derived products but is also a significant foodborne pathogen. In recent years, many S. enterica isolates have exhibited multi-drug resistance, which places huge pressure on global economy and health. Since phages are an attractive alternative to biocontrol pathogens, we isolated a total of 15 Salmonella phages from sewage effluent, sediment, and chicken manure. The GRNsp1, GRNsp3, GRNsp6, GRNsp21, GRNsp27, GRNsp30, GRNsp50, and GRNsp51 phages exhibited a wide host range against S. enterica serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium in vitro. In particular, GRNsp51 exerted highly efficient lytic effects against a large proportion of S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium strains isolated from different regions of China. Meanwhile, GRNsp8 expanded the host range of GRNsp6 and GRNsp51. Based on their host ranges and lytic capacities, GRNsp6, GRNssp8, and GRNsp51 were selected for further investigation. Morphology, one-step growth curves, and stability assays revealed that GRNsp6, GRNsp8, and GRNsp51 all belong to the Caudovirales order and display relatively short latency periods with broad pH and thermal stability. Genomic analysis indicated that the genomes of these three phages contained no genes related to virulence, antibiotic resistance, or lysogeny. In addition, we tested the effectiveness of a cocktail composed of these three phages against S. Enteritidis in a chicken model. Treatment with the oral phage cocktail 24 h before or alongside Salmonella challenge significantly reduced colonization of the intestinal tract and decreased the mRNA expression of IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-1β in the duodenum. Together, these findings indicate that a cocktail of the GRNsp6, GRNsp8, and GRNsp51 phages could serve as an effective antimicrobial therapeutic agent against multidrug-resistant Salmonella in animal production to mitigate infections by multiple zoonotic Salmonella species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peilin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Deshi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongze Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiue Jin
- Hubei Provincial Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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30
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Lu Z, Marchant J, Thompson S, Melgarejo H, Ignatova D, Kopić S, Damaj R, Trejo H, Paramo R, Reed A, Breidt F, Kathariou S. Bacteriophages Isolated From Turkeys Infecting Diverse Salmonella Serovars. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:933751. [PMID: 35865922 PMCID: PMC9294604 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.933751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is one of the leading causes of foodborne illnesses worldwide. The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains has increased global concern for salmonellosis. Recent studies have shown that bacteriophages (phages) are novel and the most promising antibacterial agents for biocontrol in foods because phages specifically kill target bacteria without affecting other bacteria, do not alter organoleptic properties or nutritional quality of foods, and are safe and environmentally friendly. Due to the vast variation in Salmonella serotypes, large numbers of different and highly virulent Salmonella phages with broad host ranges are needed. This study isolated 14 Salmonella phages from turkey fecal and cecal samples. Six phages (Φ205, Φ206, Φ207, ΦEnt, ΦMont, and Φ13314) were selected for characterization. These phages were from all three families in the Caudovirales order. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed that each phage had a unique structural protein profile. Each phage had a distinct host range. Φ207 and ΦEnt are both siphophages. They shared eight hosts, including seven different Salmonella serovars and one Shigella sonnei strain. These two phages showed different restriction banding patterns generated through EcoRI or HindIII digestion, but shared three bands from EcoRI digestion. ΦEnt displayed the broadest and very unusual host range infecting 11 Salmonella strains from nine serovars and three Shigella strains from two species, and thus was further characterized. The one-step growth curve revealed that ΦEnt had a short latent period (10 min) and relatively large burst size (100 PFU/infected cell). ΦEnt and its host showed better thermal stabilities in tryptic soy broth than in saline at 63 or 72°C. In the model food system (cucumber juice or beef broth), ΦEnt infection [regardless of the multiplicity of infections (MOIs) of 1, 10, and 100] resulted in more than 5-log10 reduction in Salmonella concentration within 4 or 5 h. Such high lytic activity combined with its remarkably broad and unusual host range and good thermal stability suggested that ΦEnt is a novel Salmonella phage with great potential to be used as an effective biocontrol agent against diverse Salmonella serovars in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjing Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - John Marchant
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Samantha Thompson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Henry Melgarejo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Dzhuliya Ignatova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Sandra Kopić
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Rana Damaj
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Hedy Trejo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Rodrigo Paramo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Ashley Reed
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Fred Breidt
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Sophia Kathariou
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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Pelyuntha W, Vongkamjan K. Combined effects of Salmonella phage cocktail and organic acid for controlling Salmonella Enteritidis in chicken meat. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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32
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Chen CW, Yuan L, Zhang YS, Mgomi FC, Wang Y, Yang ZQ, Jiao XA. Comparision of biological and genomic characteristics of five virulent bacteriophages against Enterobacter hormaechei. Microb Pathog 2022; 162:105375. [PMID: 34974119 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Enterobacter hormaechei is a zoonotic bacteria that may cause respiratory diseases in animals and neonatal sepsis in humans. Bacteriophages are increasingly considered as potential biocontrol agents to control pathogens in the food industry. In this study, five E. hormaechei virulent phages, named as Ehp-YZU08, Ehp-YZU10, Ehp-YZU9-1, Ehp-YZU9-2 and Ehp-YZU9-3, were isolated from sewage in China and analyzed for their biological and whole-genome characteristics, and a comparative genomic analysis was performed to study the functional genes and phylogenetic evolution of phages. The results showed that four of the phage strains belong to the Podoviridae family and one belongs to the Myoviridae family. The burst sizes were 70-283 PFU/cell after a latent period of 5-40 min. Phages were able to survive in a pH range of 5-10 and resist temperatures up to 60 °C for 60 min. The sequencing results showed that the full length of the genomes of the five phages ranged from 39,502 to 173,418 bp. Each phage contained multiple genes related to phage replication, and genes related to bacterial virulence or drug resistance were not found. The five phages belonged to three different groups by a construction of a phylogenetic tree, and the significant genetic evolutionary distance from each E. hormaechei phage was observed. The inhibition assay showed that all five phages could completely inhibit the growth of E. hormaechei at 37 °C within 8 h, suggesting that the phages in this study have great potential for the development of biocontrol agents against E. hormaechei in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao-Wei Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Lei Yuan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Yuan-Song Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Fedrick C Mgomi
- School of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Zhen-Quan Yang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China.
| | - Xin-An Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
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Torabi LR, Naghavi NS, Doudi M, Monajemi R. Efficacious antibacterial potency of novel bacteriophages against ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from burn wound infections. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 13:678-690. [PMID: 34900166 PMCID: PMC8629815 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v13i5.7435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) leads to the development of antibiotic resistance and mortality in burn patients. One of the alternative strategies for controlling ESBL bacterial infections is clinical trials of bacteriophage therapy. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize specific bacteriophages against ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in patients with burn ulcers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical samples were isolated from the hospitalized patient in burn medical centers, Iran. Biochemical screenings and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were determined. The phages were isolated from municipal sewerage treatment plants, Isfahan, Iran. TEM and FESEM, adsorption velocity, growth curve, host range, and the viability of the phage particles as well as proteomics and enzyme digestion patterns were examined. RESULTS The results showed that Klebsiella pneumoniae Iaufa_lad2 (GenBank accession number: MW836954) was confirmed as an ESBL-producing strain using combined disk method. This bacterium showed significant sensitivity to three phages including PɸBw-Kp1, PɸBw-Kp2, and PɸBw-Kp3. Morphological characterization demonstrated that the phage PɸBw-Kp3 to the Siphoviridae family (lambda-like phages) and both phages PɸBw-Kp1 and ɸBw-Kp2 to the Podoviridae family (T1-like phages). The isolated bacteriophages had a large burst size, thermal and pH viability and efficient adsorption rate to the host cells. CONCLUSION In present study, the efficacy of bacteriophages against ESBL pathogenic bacterium promises a remarkable achievement for phage therapy. It seems that, these isolated bacteriophages, in the form of phage cocktails, had a strong antibacterial impacts and a broad-spectrum strategy against ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from burn ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nafiseh Sadat Naghavi
- Department of Microbiology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Monir Doudi
- Department of Microbiology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ramesh Monajemi
- Department of Biology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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