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Zhan M, Yang X, Zhao C, Han Y, Xie P, Mo Z, Xiao J, Cao Y, Xiao H, Song M. Dietary nobiletin regulated cefuroxime- and levofloxacin-associated "gut microbiota-metabolism" imbalance and intestinal barrier dysfunction in mice. Food Funct 2024; 15:1265-1278. [PMID: 38196314 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04378a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Nobiletin (NOB) exhibits significant biological activities and may be a potential dietary treatment for antibiotic-associated gut dysbiosis. In this study, mice were gavaged with 0.2 mL day-1 of 12.5 g L-1 cefuroxime (LFX) and 10 g L-1 levofloxacin (LVX) for a duration of 10 days, accompanied by 0.05% NOB to investigate the regulatory effect and potential mechanisms of NOB on antibiotic-induced intestinal microbiota disorder and intestinal barrier dysfunction. Our results indicated that dietary NOB improved the pathology of intestinal epithelial cells and the intestinal permeability by upregulating the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins (TJs) and the number of goblet cells. Furthermore, dietary NOB reduced the levels of serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-1β), thereby facilitating the restoration of the intestinal mucosal barrier. Additionally, dietary NOB increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria f_Lachnospiraceae and regulated the metabolic disorders of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids (BAs). Notably, NOB supplementation resulted in elevated levels of butyric acid and lithocholic acid (LCA), which contributed to the repair of the intestinal mucosal barrier function and the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Collectively, our results propose a healthy dietary strategy for the prevention or mitigation of antibiotic-associated gut dysbiosis by dietary NOB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Zhan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Han
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710062, P.R. China
| | - Peichun Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zheqi Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jie Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Mingyue Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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Calvigioni M, Mazzantini D, Celandroni F, Ghelardi E. Animal and In Vitro Models as Powerful Tools to Decipher the Effects of Enteric Pathogens on the Human Gut Microbiota. Microorganisms 2023; 12:67. [PMID: 38257894 PMCID: PMC10818369 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Examining the interplay between intestinal pathogens and the gut microbiota is crucial to fully comprehend the pathogenic role of enteropathogens and their broader impact on human health. Valid alternatives to human studies have been introduced in laboratory practice to evaluate the effects of infectious agents on the gut microbiota, thereby exploring their translational implications in intestinal functionality and overall health. Different animal species are currently used as valuable models for intestinal infections. In addition, considering the recent advances in bioengineering, futuristic in vitro models resembling the intestinal environment are also available for this purpose. In this review, the impact of the main human enteropathogens (i.e., Clostridioides difficile, Campylobacter jejuni, diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica, Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei, Vibrio cholerae, and Bacillus cereus) on intestinal microbial communities is summarized, with specific emphasis on results derived from investigations employing animal and in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emilia Ghelardi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.C.)
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Calvigioni M, Panattoni A, Biagini F, Donati L, Mazzantini D, Massimino M, Daddi C, Celandroni F, Vozzi G, Ghelardi E. Impact of Bacillus cereus on the Human Gut Microbiota in a 3D In Vitro Model. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1826. [PMID: 37512998 PMCID: PMC10385275 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro models for culturing complex microbial communities are progressively being used to study the effects of different factors on the modeling of in vitro-cultured microorganisms. In previous work, we validated a 3D in vitro model of the human gut microbiota based on electrospun gelatin scaffolds covered with mucins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Bacillus cereus, a pathogen responsible for food poisoning diseases in humans, on the gut microbiota grown in the model. Real-time quantitative PCR and 16S ribosomal RNA-gene sequencing were performed to obtain information on microbiota composition after introducing B. cereus ATCC 14579 vegetative cells or culture supernatants. The adhesion of B. cereus to intestinal mucins was also tested. The presence of B. cereus induced important modifications in the intestinal communities. Notably, levels of Proteobacteria (particularly Escherichia coli), Lactobacillus, and Akkermansia were reduced, while abundances of Bifidobacterium and Mitsuokella increased. In addition, B. cereus was able to adhere to mucins. The results obtained from our in vitro model stress the hypothesis that B. cereus is able to colonize the intestinal mucosa by stably adhering to mucins and impacting intestinal microbial communities as an additional pathogenetic mechanism during gastrointestinal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Calvigioni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Adelaide Panattoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Biagini
- Department of Information Bioengineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Research Centre "Enrico Piaggio", University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonardo Donati
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Diletta Mazzantini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Massimino
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Costanza Daddi
- Department of Information Bioengineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Research Centre "Enrico Piaggio", University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Celandroni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vozzi
- Department of Information Bioengineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Research Centre "Enrico Piaggio", University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Emilia Ghelardi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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Bellerose M, Fravalo P, Mainville I, Arcand Y, Thibodeau A. A short-term bioreactor assay to assess the effect of essential oils on a microbiota derived from piglet's intestinal content. Acta Vet Scand 2023; 65:17. [PMID: 37208761 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-023-00679-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modulating the microbiota is an emerging way to improve pig health. In-vitro bioreactor systems can be used to reproduce intestinal microbiota to study modulating avenues. In this study, a continuous feeding system to support a microbiota derived from piglet colonic contents, over 72 h, was developed. The microbiota from piglets was collected and used as inoculum. The culture media was derived from an artificial digestion of piglet feed. The microbiota diversity in time, the reproducibility between replicates and the diversity of the bioreactor microbiota compared to the inoculum was assessed. Essential oils were used as a proof of concept to assess the in vitro microbiota modulation. The microbiota diversity was assessed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Quantitative PCR was also used for total bacteria, lactobacilli and Enterobacteria. RESULTS At the start of the assay, the bioreactor microbiota diversity was similar to the inoculum. Time and replication affected the bioreactor microbiota diversity. Between 48 and 72 h, no statistical variation of the microbiota diversity was observable. After a 48 h running period, thymol and carvacrol were added at 200 ppm or 1000 ppm for 24 h. No microbiota modification was observed by sequencing. Quantitative PCR results showed a significant growth of lactobacilli when thymol was used at 1000 ppm, where only a trend was observed with the 16S analysis. CONCLUSIONS This study presents a bioreactor assay that can be used as a tool for rapid screening of additives and suggests that the effects of essential oils on the microbiota are subtle, acting against a few bacterial genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Bellerose
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3 200 rue Sicotte, (J2S 2M2), Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3 200 rue Sicotte, (J2S 2M2), Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3 200 rue Sicotte, (J2S 2M2), Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
- Chaire Agro-alimentaire, Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, Le Cnam, 2 Rue Camille Guérin, Ploufragan, 22440, France
| | - Isabelle Mainville
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, 3 600 Casavant O, Saint-Hyacinthe, J2S 8E3, Canada
| | - Yves Arcand
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, 3 600 Casavant O, Saint-Hyacinthe, J2S 8E3, Canada
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3 200 rue Sicotte, (J2S 2M2), Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada.
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3 200 rue Sicotte, (J2S 2M2), Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada.
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Zhan M, Liang X, Chen J, Yang X, Han Y, Zhao C, Xiao J, Cao Y, Xiao H, Song M. Dietary 5-demethylnobiletin prevents antibiotic-associated dysbiosis of gut microbiota and damage to the colonic barrier. Food Funct 2023; 14:4414-4429. [PMID: 37097253 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00516j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
5-Demethylnobiletin (5DN) is an important ingredient of citrus extract that is rich in polymethoxyflavones (PMFs). In this study, we systemically investigated the preventive effects of 5DN on antibiotic-associated intestinal disturbances. Experimental mice were gavaged 0.2 mL per day of the antibiotic cocktail (12.5 g L-1 cefuroxime and 10 g L-1 levofloxacin) for 10 days, accompanied by dietary 0.05% 5DN for 10 and 20 days. The results showed that the combination of cefuroxime and levofloxacin caused swelling of the cecum and injury to the colon tissue. Meanwhile, the balance of intestinal oxidative stress and the barrier function of mice was also damaged by the antibiotics through upregulation of the relative mRNA levels of superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3), quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), and downregulation of the relative protein levels of tight junction proteins (TJs). Moreover, antibiotic exposure led to disorder of the gut microbiota, particularly increased harmful bacteria (Proteobacteria) and decreased beneficial bacteria (Bacteroideta). However, dietary 5DN could reduce antibiotic-associated intestinal damage, evidenced by the results that 5DN alleviated gut oxidative damage and attenuated intestinal barrier injury via increasing the expression of TJs including occludin and zonula occluden1 (ZO1). Additionally, dietary 5DN modulated the composition of the gut microbiota in antibiotic-treated mice by increasing the relative levels of beneficial bacteria, such as Dubosiella and Lactobacillus. Moreover, PMFs increased the contents of isobutyric acid and butyric acid, which were almost eliminated by antibiotic exposure. In conclusion, 5DN could alleviate antibiotic-related imbalance of intestinal oxidative stress, barrier function damage, intestinal flora disorders and the reduction of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which lays a foundation for exploring safer and more effective ways to prevent or mitigate antibiotic-associated intestinal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Zhan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xinyan Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoshuang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yanhui Han
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Mingyue Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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Huan P, Wang L, He Z, He J. The Role of Gut Microbiota in the Progression of Parkinson's Disease and the Mechanism of Intervention by Traditional Chinese Medicine. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:1507-1520. [PMID: 35923300 PMCID: PMC9341349 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s367016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common degenerative disease of the nervous system that seriously affects the quality of life of the patients. The pathogenesis of PD is not yet fully clear. Previous studies have confirmed that patients with PD exhibit obvious gut microbiota imbalance, while intervention of PD by regulating the gut microbiota has become an important approach to the prevention and treatment of this disease. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been shown to be safe and effective in treating PD. It has the advantages of affecting multiple targets. Studies have shown TCM can regulate gut microbiota. However, the specific mechanism of action is still unclear. Therefore, this article will mainly discuss the association of the alteration of the gut microbiota and the incidence of PD, the advantages of TCM in treating PD, and the mechanism of regulating gut microbiota by TCM to treat PD. It will clarify the target and mechanism of TCM treating PD by acting gut microbiota and provided a novel methodology for the prevention and treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Huan
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuqing He
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiancheng He
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
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Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Var Boulardii CNCM I-1079 Reduces Expression of Genes Involved in Inflammatory Response in Porcine Cells Challenged by Enterotoxigenic E. Coli and Influences Bacterial Communities in an In Vitro Model of the Weaning Piglet Colon. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10091101. [PMID: 34572682 PMCID: PMC8467900 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the main infectious agent responsible for piglet post-weaning diarrhea with high mortality rates. Antimicrobials represent the current principal strategy for treating ETEC infections in pig farms, but the occurrence of multi-resistant bacterial strains has considerably increased in the last decades. Thus, finding non-antibiotic alternatives becomes a real emergency. In this context, we investigated the effect of a live yeast strain, Saccharomyces cerevisiae var boulardii CNCM I-1079 (SB) in an in vitro model of the weaning piglet colon implemented with a mucus phase (MPigut-IVM) inoculated with ETEC and coupled with an intestinal porcine cell line IPI-2I. We showed that SB was able to modulate the in vitro microbiota through an increase in Bacteroidiaceae and a decrease in Prevotellaceae families. Effluents collected from the SB treated bioreactors were able to mitigate the expression level of genes encoding non-gel forming mucins, tight junction proteins, innate immune pathway, and pro-inflammatory response in IPI-2I cells. Furthermore, SB exerted a significant protective effect against ETEC adhesion on porcine IPEC-J2 intestinal cells in a dose-dependent manner and showed a positive effect on ETEC-challenged IPEC-J2 by lowering expression of genes involved in pro-inflammatory immune responses. Our results showed that the strain SB CNCM I-1079 could prevent microbiota dysbiosis associated with weaning and protect porcine enterocytes from ETEC infections by reducing bacterial adhesion and modulating the inflammatory response.
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