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Yuan L, Jiang H, Li T, Liu Q, Jiang X, Han X, Wei Y, Yin X, Wang S. A Simulation Study to Reveal the Epidemiology and Aerosol Transmission Characteristics of Botrytis cinerea in Grape Greenhouses. Pathogens 2024; 13:505. [PMID: 38921802 PMCID: PMC11207035 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Most previously studies had considered that plant fungal disease spread widely and quickly by airborne fungi spore. However, little is known about the release dynamics, aerodynamic diameter, and pathogenicity threshold of fungi spore in air of the greenhouse environment. Grape gray mold is caused by Botrytis cinerea; the disease spreads in greenhouses by spores in the air and the spore attaches to the leaf and infects plant through the orifice. In this study, 120 μmol/L propidium monoazide (PMA) were suitable for treatment and quantitation viable spore by quantitative real-time PCR, with a limit detection of 8 spores/mL in spore suspension. In total, 93 strains of B. cinerea with high pathogenicity were isolated and identified from the air samples of grapevines greenhouses by a portable sampler. The particle size of B. cinerea aerosol ranged predominately from 0.65-3.3 μm, accounting for 71.77% of the total amount. The B. cinerea spore aerosols were infective to healthy grape plants, with the lowest concentration that could cause disease being 42 spores/m3. Botrytis cinerea spores collected form six greenhouse in Shandong Province were quantified by PMA-qPCR, with a higher concentration (1182.89 spores/m3) in May and June and a lower concentration in July and August (6.30 spores/m3). This study suggested that spore dispersal in aerosol is an important route for the epidemiology of plant fungal disease, and these data will contribute to the development of new strategies for the effective alleviation and control of plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Yuan
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (L.Y.); (Q.L.); (X.H.); (Y.W.)
| | - Hang Jiang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Tinggang Li
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (L.Y.); (Q.L.); (X.H.); (Y.W.)
| | - Qibao Liu
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (L.Y.); (Q.L.); (X.H.); (Y.W.)
| | - Xilong Jiang
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (L.Y.); (Q.L.); (X.H.); (Y.W.)
| | - Xing Han
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (L.Y.); (Q.L.); (X.H.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yanfeng Wei
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (L.Y.); (Q.L.); (X.H.); (Y.W.)
| | - Xiangtian Yin
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (L.Y.); (Q.L.); (X.H.); (Y.W.)
| | - Suna Wang
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
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Peng Q, Li X, Li G, Hao X, Liu X. Resistance risk assessment of mefentrifluconazole in Corynespora cassiicola and the control of cucumber target spot by a two-way mixture of mefentrifluconazole and prochloraz. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 198:105719. [PMID: 38225065 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The cucumber target spot, caused by Corynespora cassiicola, is a major cucumber disease in China. Mefentrifluconazole, a new triazole fungicide, exhibits remarkable efficacy in controlling cucumber target spot. However, the resistance risk and mechanism remain unclear. In this study, the inhibitory activity of mefentrifluconazole against 101 C. cassiicola isolates was determined, and the results indicated that the EC50 values ranged between 0.15 and 12.85 μg/mL, with a mean of 4.76 μg/mL. Fourteen mefentrifluconazole-resistant mutants of C. cassiicola were generated from six parental isolates in the laboratory through fungicide adaptation or UV irradiation. The resistance was relatively stable after ten consecutive transfers on a fungicide-free medium. No cross-resistance was observed between mefentrifluconazole and pyraclostrobin, fluopyram, prochloraz, mancozeb, or difenoconazole. Investigations into the biological characteristics of the resistant mutants revealed that six resistant mutants exhibited an enhanced compound fitness index (CFI) compared to the parental isolates, while others displayed a reduced or comparable CFI. The overexpression of CcCYP51A and CcCYP51B was detected in the resistant mutants, regardless of the presence or absence of mefentrifluconazole. Additionally, a two-way mixture of mefentrifluconazole and prochloraz at a concentration of 7:3 demonstrated superior control efficacy against the cucumber target spot, achieving a protection rate of 80%. In conclusion, this study suggests that the risk of C. cassiicola developing resistance to mefentrifluconazole is medium, and the overexpression of CcCYP51A and CcCYP51B might be associated with mefentrifluconazole resistance in C. cassiicola. The mefentrifluconazole and prochloraz two-way mixture presented promising control efficacy against the cucumber target spot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiuhuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guixiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinchang Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xili Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuanxi Road, Beijing 100193, China.
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Deng Y, Wang T, Zhao P, Du Y, Zhang L, Qi Z, Ji M. Sensitivity to 12 Fungicides and Resistance Mechanism to Trifloxystrobin, Carbendazim, and Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors in Cucumber Corynespora Leaf Spot ( Corynespora cassiicola). PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:3783-3791. [PMID: 37189041 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-23-0615-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Corynespora cassiicola is the causal agent of cucumber Corynespora leaf spot, which affects many economically important plant species. Chemical control of this disease is hampered by the common development of fungicide resistance. In this study, 100 isolates from Liaoning Province were collected, and their sensitivity to 12 fungicides was determined. All the isolates (100%) were resistant to trifloxystrobin and carbendazim, and 98% were resistant to fluopyram, boscalid, pydiflumetofen, isopyrazam, and fluxapyroxad. However, none were resistant to propiconazole, prochloraz, tebuconazole, difenoconazole, and fludioxonil. The Cytb gene of trifloxystrobin-resistant isolates encoded the G143A mutation, whereas the β-tubulin gene of carbendazim-resistant isolates encoded the E198A and E198A and M163I mutations. Mutations in SdhB-I280V, SdhC-S73P, SdhC-H134R, SdhD-D95E, and SdhD-G109V were associated with resistance to the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs). Trifloxystrobin, carbendazim, and fluopyram were barely effective on the resistant isolates, whereas fludioxonil and prochloraz were effective on the isolates that were resistant to the quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs), SDHIs, and benzimidazoles. Ultimately, this study demonstrates that fungicide resistance seriously threatens the effective control of Corynespora leaf spot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Deng
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co., Ltd., Shenyang 110021, China
| | - Ying Du
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - LuLu Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zhiqui Qi
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Mingshan Ji
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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Gao H, Shi S, Luan F, Jin Y, Zhang W, Xu Y, Li B, Mu W, Gao C, Liu F. Fungicide smoke generated by electrical heating effectively controls gray mold of Chinese chives and reduces residue risk through adequate environmental sterilization. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1399-1409. [PMID: 36480116 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Labor-saving pesticide application technology is eagerly pursued in the planting system of Chinese chives. In this study, we developed a set of application approaches by turning fungicides into smoke to achieve this goal. RESULTS The fungicides fludioxonil, fluopyram, boscalid, procymidone, and prochloraz could be vaporized into smoke at temperatures below 300 °C. The SFR (smoke formation rate) decreased with the increasing temperature. At 300 °C, the SFR of fludioxonil, fluopyram, boscalid and procymidone were all higher than 80%. At 300 °C and 600 °C, there were no significant differences in the smoke particle state of these five fungicides. However, the inhibition rate of these five fungicides against the growth of Botrytis squamosa generally decreased with the temperature. At 600 °C, only fludioxonil and boscalid had inhibition rates higher than 80%. The deposition uniformity of fungicide smoke increased with the increasing amounts of NH4 Cl. When the amount of NH4 Cl reached 80% of the total content, the smoke of fungicide was uniformly deposited throughout each glass slide. In the greenhouse experiment, the control efficacy of fungicide application by smoke was significantly better than that of spraying application, whereas its residue was much lower. CONCLUSION It is feasible to control air-borne disease through the vaporization of fungicides into smoke by electrical heating. Smoke application would effectively inhibit the spores in the air and would not increase the humidity of the environment. These findings indicate that smoke application is a labor-saving pesticide application technology viable in production. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for the Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Shaokun Shi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for the Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Fengxin Luan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for the Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Shandong provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Jinan, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for the Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Beixing Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for the Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Wei Mu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for the Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Chuanjie Gao
- Shandong provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for the Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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Mao Y, Li H, Song W, Zhao B, Cai Y, Wang J, Zhou M, Duan Y. Evolution of Benzimidazole Resistance Caused by Multiple Double Mutations of β -Tubulin in Corynespora cassiicola. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:15046-15056. [PMID: 36443900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber target leaf spot caused by Corynespora cassiicola has devastated greenhouse cucumber production. In our previous study, the resistance monitoring of C. cassiicola to carbendazim was carried out, and a large number of resistant populations carrying various mutations (M163I&E198A, F167Y&E198A, F200S&E198A, or E198A) in β-tubulin were detected. However, the single-point mutations M163I, F167Y, and F200S have remained undetected. To investigate the evolutionary mechanism of double mutations in β-tubulin of C. cassiicola resistance to benzimidazoles, site-directed mutagenesis was used to construct alleles with corresponding mutation genotypes in β-tubulin. Through PEG-mediated protoplast transformation, all the mutants except for the M163I mutation were obtained and conferred resistance to benzimidazoles. It was found that the mutants conferring the E198A or double-point mutations showed high resistance to carbendazim and benomyl, but the mutants conferring the F167Y or F200S mutations showed moderate resistance. Except, the F200S mutants showed low resistance, the resistance level of the other mutants to thiabendazole seemed no difference. In addition, compared to the other mutants, the F167Y and F200S mutants suffered a more severe fitness penalty in mycelial growth, sporulation, and virulence. Thus, combined with the resistance level, fitness, and molecular docking results, we concluded that the field double mutations (F167Y&E198A and F200S&E198A) evolved from the single mutations F167Y and F200S, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushuai Mao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haoran Li
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Song
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baoquan Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiqiang Cai
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingguo Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yabing Duan
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
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