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Liu Q, Jin W, Xie Q, Chen W, Fang H, Yang L, Yang Q, Lin X, Hong Z, Zhao Y, Li W, Zhang Y. Production and biological activity of β-1,3-xylo-oligosaccharides using xylanase from Caulerpa lentillifera. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133776. [PMID: 38992548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
In this study, β-1,3-xylanase (Xyl3088) was designed and prepared by constructing the expression vector plasmid and expressing and purifying the fusion protein. β-1,3-xylo-oligosaccharides were obtained through the specific enzymatic degradation of β-1, 3-xylan from Caulerpa lentillifera. The enzymolysis conditions were established and optimized as follows: Tris-HCl solution 0.05 mol/L, temperature of 37 °C, enzyme amount of 250 μL, and enzymolysis time of 24 h. The oligosaccharides' compositions and structural characterization were identified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), ion chromatography (IC) and liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS). The IC50 values for scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-p-sulfonic acid (ABTS+), and superoxide anion radical (•O2-) were 13.108, 1.258, and 65.926 mg/mL for β-1,3-xylo-oligosaccharides, respectively, and 27.588, 373.048, and 269.12 mg/mL for β-1,4-xylo-oligosaccharides, respectively. Compared with β-1,4-xylo-oligosaccharides, β-1,3-xylo-oligosaccharides had substantial antioxidant activity and their antioxidant effects were concentration dependent. β-1,3-xylo-oligosaccharides also possessed a stronger anti-inflammatory effect on RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) than β-1,4-xylo-oligosaccharides. At a working concentration of 100 μg/mL, β-1,3-xylo-oligosaccharides inhibited the release of NO and affected the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, and other proteins secreted by cells, effectively promoting the release of pro-inflammatory mediators by immune cells in response to external stimuli and achieving anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, β-1,3-xylo-oligosaccharides are valuable products in food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; Sanya Institute of Oceanography, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Wenhui Jin
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361100, China.
| | - Quanling Xie
- Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361100, China
| | - Weizhu Chen
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361100, China
| | - Hua Fang
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361100, China
| | - Longhe Yang
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xihuang Lin
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhuan Hong
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361100, China
| | - Yuanhui Zhao
- Sanya Institute of Oceanography, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of General Surgery, The District Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao 266400, China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361100, China.
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2
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Sahu S, Sharma S, Kaur A, Singh G, Khatri M, Arya SK. Algal carbohydrate polymers: Catalytic innovations for sustainable development. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 327:121691. [PMID: 38171696 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Algal polysaccharides, harnessed for their catalytic potential, embody a compelling narrative in sustainable chemistry. This review explores the complex domains of algal carbohydrate-based catalysis, revealing its diverse trajectory. Starting with algal polysaccharide synthesis and characterization methods as catalysts, the investigation includes sophisticated techniques like NMR spectroscopy that provide deep insights into the structural variety of these materials. Algal polysaccharides undergo various preparation and modification techniques to enhance their catalytic activity such as immobilization. Homogeneous catalysis, revealing its significance in practical applications like crafting organic compounds and facilitating chemical transformations. Recent studies showcase how algal-derived catalysts prove to be remarkably versatile, showcasing their ability to customise reactions for specific substances. Heterogeneous catalysis, it highlights the significance of immobilization techniques, playing a central role in ensuring stability and the ability to reuse catalysts. The practical applications of heterogeneous algal catalysts in converting biomass and breaking down contaminants, supported by real-life case studies, emphasize their effectiveness. In sustainable chemistry, algal polysaccharides emerge as compelling catalysts, offering a unique intersection of eco-friendliness, structural diversity, and versatile catalytic properties. Tackling challenges such as dealing with complex structural variations, ensuring the stability of the catalyst, and addressing economic considerations calls for out-of-the-box and inventive solutions. Embracing the circular economy mindset not only assures sustainable catalyst design but also promotes efficient recycling practices. The use of algal carbohydrates in catalysis stands out as a source of optimism, paving the way for a future where chemistry aligns seamlessly with nature, guiding us toward a sustainable, eco-friendly, and thriving tomorrow. This review encapsulates-structural insights, catalytic applications, challenges, and future perspectives-invoking a call for collective commitment to catalyze a sustainable scientific revolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan Sahu
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, University Institute of Engineering & Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shalini Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, University Institute of Engineering & Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anupreet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, University Institute of Engineering & Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gursharan Singh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Madhu Khatri
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, University Institute of Engineering & Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shailendra Kumar Arya
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, University Institute of Engineering & Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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3
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Zhao F, Yu CM, Sun HN, Xu TT, Sun ZZ, Qin QL, Wang N, Chen XL, Yu Y, Zhang YZ. The catabolic specialization of the marine bacterium Polaribacter sp. Q13 to red algal β1,3/1,4-mixed-linkage xylan. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0170423. [PMID: 38169280 PMCID: PMC10807463 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01704-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Catabolism of algal polysaccharides by marine bacteria is a significant process of marine carbon cycling. β1,3/1,4-Mixed-linkage xylan (MLX) is a class of xylan in the ocean, widely present in the cell walls of red algae. However, the catabolic mechanism of MLX by marine bacteria remains elusive. Recently, we found that a marine Bacteroidetes strain, Polaribacter sp. Q13, is a specialist in degrading MLX, which secretes a novel MLX-specific xylanase. Here, the catabolic specialization of strain Q13 to MLX was studied by multiomics and biochemical analyses. Strain Q13 catabolizes MLX with a canonical starch utilization system (Sus), which is encoded by a single xylan utilization locus, XUL-Q13. In this system, the cell surface glycan-binding protein SGBP-B captures MLX specifically, contributing to the catabolic specificity. The xylanolytic enzyme system of strain Q13 is unique, and the enzymatic cascade dedicates the stepwise hydrolysis of the β1,3- and β1,4-linkages in MLX in the extracellular, periplasmic, and cytoplasmic spaces. Bioinformatics analysis and growth observation suggest that other marine Bacteroidetes strains harboring homologous MLX utilization loci also preferentially utilize MLX. These results reveal the catabolic specialization of MLX degradation by marine Bacteroidetes, leading to a better understanding of the degradation and recycling of MLX driven by marine bacteria.IMPORTANCERed algae contribute substantially to the primary production in marine ecosystems. The catabolism of red algal polysaccharides by marine bacteria is important for marine carbon cycling. Mixed-linkage β1,3/1,4-xylan (MLX, distinct from hetero-β1,4-xylans from terrestrial plants) is an abundant red algal polysaccharide, whose mechanism of catabolism by marine bacteria, however, remains largely unknown. This study reveals the catabolism of MLX by marine Bacteroidetes, promoting our understanding of the degradation and utilization of algal polysaccharides by marine bacteria. This study also sets a foundation for the biomass conversion of MLX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhao
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chun-Mei Yu
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hai-Ning Sun
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting-Ting Xu
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhong-Zhi Sun
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi-Long Qin
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- College of Marine Life Sciences & Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- College of Marine Life Sciences & Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China
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4
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Zhao F, Yu CM, Sun HN, Zhao LS, Ding HT, Cao HY, Chen Y, Qin QL, Zhang YZ, Li PY, Chen XL. A novel class of xylanases specifically degrade marine red algal β1,3/1,4-mixed-linkage xylan. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105116. [PMID: 37524130 PMCID: PMC10470212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylans are polysaccharides composed of xylose and include β1,4-xylan, β1,3-xylan, and β1,3/1,4-mixed-linkage xylan (MLX). MLX is widely present in marine red algae and constitutes a significant organic carbon in the ocean. Xylanases are hydrolase enzymes that play an important role in xylan degradation. While a variety of β1,4-xylanases and β1,3-xylanases involved in the degradation of β1,4-xylan and β1,3-xylan have been reported, no specific enzyme has yet been identified that degrades MLX. Herein, we report the characterization of a new MLX-specific xylanase from the marine bacterium Polaribacter sp. Q13 which utilizes MLX for growth. The bacterium secretes xylanases to degrade MLX, among which is Xyn26A, an MLX-specific xylanase that shows low sequence similarities (<27%) to β1,3-xylanases in the glycoside hydrolase family 26 (GH26). We show that Xyn26A attacks MLX precisely at β1,4-linkages, following a β1,3-linkage toward the reducing end. We confirm that Xyn26A and its homologs have the same specificity and mode of action on MLX, and thus represent a new xylanase group which we term as MLXases. We further solved the structure of a representative MLXase, AlXyn26A. Structural and biochemical analyses revealed that the specificity of MLXases depends critically on a precisely positioned β1,3-linkage at the -2/-1 subsite. Compared to the GH26 β1,3-xylanases, we found MLXases have evolved a tunnel-shaped cavity that is fine-tuned to specifically recognize and hydrolyze MLX. Overall, this study offers a foremost insight into MLXases, shedding light on the biochemical mechanism of bacterial degradation of MLX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhao
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Chun-Mei Yu
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hai-Ning Sun
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Long-Sheng Zhao
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hai-Tao Ding
- Antarctic Great Wall Ecology National Observation and Research Station, Polar Research Institute of China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Yan Cao
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yin Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Qi-Long Qin
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Ping-Yi Li
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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5
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La Cono V, Messina E, Reva O, Smedile F, La Spada G, Crisafi F, Marturano L, Miguez N, Ferrer M, Selivanova EA, Golyshina OV, Golyshin PN, Rohde M, Krupovic M, Merkel AY, Sorokin DY, Hallsworth JE, Yakimov MM. Nanohaloarchaea as beneficiaries of xylan degradation by haloarchaea. Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:1803-1822. [PMID: 37317055 PMCID: PMC10443357 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change, desertification, salinisation of soils and the changing hydrology of the Earth are creating or modifying microbial habitats at all scales including the oceans, saline groundwaters and brine lakes. In environments that are saline or hypersaline, the biodegradation of recalcitrant plant and animal polysaccharides can be inhibited by salt-induced microbial stress and/or by limitation of the metabolic capabilities of halophilic microbes. We recently demonstrated that the chitinolytic haloarchaeon Halomicrobium can serve as the host for an ectosymbiont, nanohaloarchaeon 'Candidatus Nanohalobium constans'. Here, we consider whether nanohaloarchaea can benefit from the haloarchaea-mediated degradation of xylan, a major hemicellulose component of wood. Using samples of natural evaporitic brines and anthropogenic solar salterns, we describe genome-inferred trophic relations in two extremely halophilic xylan-degrading three-member consortia. We succeeded in genome assembly and closure for all members of both xylan-degrading cultures and elucidated the respective food chains within these consortia. We provide evidence that ectosymbiontic nanohaloarchaea is an active ecophysiological component of extremely halophilic xylan-degrading communities (although by proxy) in hypersaline environments. In each consortium, nanohaloarchaea occur as ectosymbionts of Haloferax, which in turn act as scavenger of oligosaccharides produced by xylan-hydrolysing Halorhabdus. We further obtained and characterised the nanohaloarchaea-host associations using microscopy, multi-omics and cultivation approaches. The current study also doubled culturable nanohaloarchaeal symbionts and demonstrated that these enigmatic nano-sized archaea can be readily isolated in binary co-cultures using an appropriate enrichment strategy. We discuss the implications of xylan degradation by halophiles in biotechnology and for the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oleg Reva
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational BiologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | | | | | | | | | - Noa Miguez
- Instituto de Catalisis y Petroleoquimica (ICP), CSICMadridSpain
| | - Manuel Ferrer
- Instituto de Catalisis y Petroleoquimica (ICP), CSICMadridSpain
| | - Elena A. Selivanova
- Institute for Cellular and Intracellular SymbiosisUral Branch, Russian Academy of SciencesOrenburgRussia
| | | | | | - Manfred Rohde
- Central Facility for MicrobiologyHelmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchBraunschweigGermany
| | - Mart Krupovic
- Institut PasteurUniversité Paris Cité, Archaeal Virology UnitParisFrance
| | - Alexander Y. Merkel
- Winogradsky Institute of MicrobiologyResearch Centre of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - Dimitry Y. Sorokin
- Winogradsky Institute of MicrobiologyResearch Centre of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands
| | - John E. Hallsworth
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological SciencesQueen's University BelfastNorthern IrelandUK
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Zou X, Suo CL, Geng XM, Li CY, Fu HH, Zhang Y, Wang P, Sun ML. Complete genome sequence of Bacillus cereus 2-6A, a marine exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal sediment of the Pacific Ocean. Mar Genomics 2023; 69:101029. [PMID: 37100528 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2023.101029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus cereus 2-6A, was isolated from the sediments in the hydrothermal area of the Pacific Ocean with a water depth of 2628 m. In this study, we report the whole genome sequence of strain 2-6A and analyze that to understand its metabolic capacities and biosynthesis potential of natural products. The genome of strain 2-6A consists of a circular chromosome of 5,191,018 bp with a GC content of 35.3 mol% and two plasmids of 234,719 bp and 411,441 bp, respectively. Genomic data mining reveals that strain 2-6A has several gene clusters involved in exopolysaccharides (EPSs) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) production and complex polysaccharides degradation. It also possesses a variety of genes for allowing strain 2-6A to cope with osmotic stress, oxidative stress, heat shock, cold shock and heavy metal stress, which could play a vital role in the adaptability of the strain to hydrothermal environments. Gene clusters for secondary metabolite production, such as lasso peptide and siderophore, are also predicted. Therefore, genome sequencing and data mining provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of Bacillus in adapting to hydrothermal deep ocean environments and can facilitate further experimental exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zou
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chuan-Lei Suo
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Geng
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chun-Yang Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hui-Hui Fu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Mei-Ling Sun
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Zhang YJ, Sun HN, Xu TT, Zhao DL, Yu CM, Zhang Y, Zhang XY, Chen XL, Zhang YQ, Zhao F. Gilvimarinus xylanilyticus sp. nov., a novel 1,3-xylanase-secreting bacterium isolated from a marine green alga. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1006116. [PMID: 36353462 PMCID: PMC9638140 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1006116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
1,3-xylan, an important organic carbon in the ocean, is peculiar to marine algae. 1,3-xylanase-secreting bacteria and their extracellular 1,3-xylanases play pivotal roles in the degradation and biomass conversion of 1,3-xylan. However, only a few 1,3-xylanase-secreting bacteria and 1,3-xylanases have been reported. Here, we identified a novel marine bacterium capable of secreting 1,3-xylanases, designated as strain HB14T. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain HB14T clustered tightly with known species of the genus Gilvimarinus, showing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.7%) with the type strain of Gilvimarinus chinensis. Based on phylogenetic, genomic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic studies, strain HB14T was classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Gilvimarinus, for which the name Gilvimarinus xylanilyticus sp. nov. was proposed. The type strain is HB14T (=CCTCC AB 2022109T = KCTC 92379T). Four 1,3-xylanases secreted by strain HB14T were identified based on genome and secretome analyses, and the two (Xyn65 and Xyn80) with relatively higher abundance in secretome were successfully expressed in Escherichia coli and biochemically characterized. They showed the highest activity at pH 6.0–7.0 and 40°C and released mainly 1,3-xylobiose and 1,3-xylotriose from 1,3-xylan. These data suggest that strain HB14T acts as a player in marine 1,3-xylan degradation and recycling and that its extracellular 1,3-xylanases may have a good potential in 1,3-xylooligosaccharides preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jiao Zhang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hai-Ning Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- College of Marine Life Sciences & Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting-Ting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dian-Li Zhao
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Chun-Mei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences & Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xi-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- College of Marine Life Sciences & Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Yu-Qiang Zhang,
| | - Fang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Zhao,
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8
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Neiella holothuriorum sp. nov., isolated from the gut of a sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2022; 115:497-503. [PMID: 35149918 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-022-01713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A Gram-stain negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated 126T, was isolated from the intestinal content of a sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus, in China. Strain 126T was found to grow optimally at 25-28 °C and pH 7.5-8.0 in marine 2216 E medium, with tolerance of 1-7% (w/v) NaCl. Strain 126T is motile by means of one to several polar flagella. The dominant fatty acids of strain 126T were identified as C16:1 ω7c/C16:1 ω6c (29.5%), C18:1 ω7c/C18:1 ω6c (19.8%) and C16:0 (16.7%). The respiratory quinone was found to be Q-8. The polar lipid profile was found to be mainly composed of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The total length of the draft genome is approximately 4.2 × 106 bp, encoding 3655 genes and 3576 coding sequences. The G + C content of the genomic DNA is 48.0%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 126T belongs to the genus Neiella and is closely related to Neiella marina J221T (96.5%). Genomic comparisons of 126T to N. marina J221T revealed that they had similar genome size, G + C content and complement of clusters of orthologous groups. However, average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strains126T and N. marina J221T was 75.5% and 19.7%, which could distinguish the strains. On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, strain 126T is concluded to represent a novel species, for which the name Neiella holothuriorum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 126T (= GDMCC 1.2530T = KCTC 82829T).
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