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Liger E, Hernández F, Expósito FJ, Díaz JP, Salazar-Carballo PA, Gordo E, González C, López-Pérez M. Transport and deposition of radionuclides from northern Africa to the southern Iberian Peninsula and the Canary Islands during the intense dust intrusions of March 2022. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141303. [PMID: 38280650 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The present study focuses on the two consecutive and markedly intense Saharan dust intrusion episodes that greatly affected southern Spain (Málaga) and, to a lesser extent, the Canary Islands (Tenerife), in March 2022. These two episodes were the result of atypical meteorological conditions in the region and resulted in record levels of aerosols in the air at the Málaga location. The activity levels of various natural and artificial radionuclides (7Be, 210Pb, 40K, 137Cs, 239Pu, 240Pu, 239+240Pu) and radioactive indicators (gross alpha and gross beta) were impacted by these events and the results are described herein. These episodes caused, for example, the activities of 137Cs in aerosol samples at the Málaga monitoring station to reach the highest concentrations ever recorded since high-volume aerosol monitoring started at this site in 2009. A link between the activity levels of 137Cs, 40K and gross alpha in the atmospheric aerosols and daily PM10 concentrations during the episodes is also reported. In addition, isotopic ratios are discussed in the context of the source and destination of the various anthropogenic radionuclides measured. The atmospheric residence time of aerosols during these episodes is also evaluated because it concerns how intrusions to the Canary Islands should be analysed. Finally, for the first time, the concentrations of 137Cs deposition by rainwater during a Saharan dust intrusion are reported and the deposition rate of these radionuclides during these episodes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Liger
- Departamento de Física Aplicada II, Universidad de Málaga, Spain; Grupo de Geoquímica y Radiactividad Ambiental, Universidad de Málaga, Spain.
| | - Francisco Hernández
- Grupo de Geoquímica y Radiactividad Ambiental, Universidad de Málaga, Spain; Grupo de Observación de la Tierra y la Atmósfera, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain
| | | | - Juan Pedro Díaz
- Grupo de Observación de la Tierra y la Atmósfera, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Pedro A Salazar-Carballo
- Laboratorio de Física Médica y Radioactividad Ambiental, SEGAI, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain; Departamento de Medicina Física y Farmacología, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Elisa Gordo
- Grupo de Geoquímica y Radiactividad Ambiental, Universidad de Málaga, Spain; Servicios Centrales de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
| | - Cristina González
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias. Universidad de La Laguna, Spain
| | - María López-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Física Médica y Radioactividad Ambiental, SEGAI, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain
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Das S, McEwen A, Prospero J, Spalink D, Chellam S. Respirable Metals, Bacteria, and Fungi during a Saharan-Sahelian Dust Event in Houston, Texas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:19942-19955. [PMID: 37943153 PMCID: PMC10862556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Although airborne bacteria and fungi can impact human, animal, plant, and ecosystem health, very few studies have investigated the possible impact of their long-range transport in the context of more commonly measured aerosol species, especially those present in an urban environment. We report first-of-kind simultaneous measurements of the elemental and microbial composition of North American respirable airborne particulate matter concurrent with a Saharan-Sahelian dust episode. Comprehensive taxonomic and phylogenetic profiles of microbial communities obtained by 16S/18S/ITS rDNA sequencing identified hundreds of bacteria and fungi, including several cataloged in the World Health Organization's lists of global priority human pathogens along with numerous other animal and plant pathogens and (poly)extremophiles. While elemental analysis sensitively tracked long-range transported Saharan dust and its mixing with locally emitted aerosols, microbial diversity, phylogeny, composition, and abundance did not well correlate with the apportioned African dust mass. Bacterial/fungal diversity, phylogenetic signal, and community turnover were strongly correlated to apportioned sources (especially vehicular emissions and construction activities) and elemental composition (especially calcium). Bacterial communities were substantially more dissimilar from each other across sampling days than were fungal communities. Generalized dissimilarity modeling revealed that daily compositional turnover in both communities was linked to calcium concentrations and aerosols from local vehicles and Saharan dust. Because African dust is known to impact large areas in northern South America, the Caribbean Basin, and the southern United States, the microbiological impacts of such long-range transport should be assessed in these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Das
- Department
of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Alyvia McEwen
- Department
of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Joseph Prospero
- Rosenstiel
School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149, United States
| | - Daniel Spalink
- Department
of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas
A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Shankararaman Chellam
- Department
of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Liao L, Ye L, Huang L, Yao T, Liang X, Chen L, Shen M. Changes in the microbial community after vaginal fluid exposure in different simulated forensic situations. Forensic Sci Int 2023; 349:111766. [PMID: 37339565 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
If vaginal fluid is found on clothing or on the body of the suspect, it may indicate the occurrence of sexual assault. Therefore, it is important to collect the victim's vaginal fluid at different sites from the suspect. Previous studies have revealed that fresh vaginal fluids can be identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing data. However, the influence of environmental factors on the stability of microbial markers must be investigated before being used in forensic practice. We collected vaginal fluid from nine unrelated individuals and placed each individual of vaginal swab on five different substrates. A total of 54 vaginal swabs were analyzed using 16S rRNA on the V3-V4 regions. Then, we constructed a random forest model including the samples of all vaginal fluids in this study and the other four types of body fluids in our previous studies. The alpha diversity of vaginal samples increased after exposure to the substrate environment for 30 days. The dominant vaginal bacteria were Lactobacillus and Gardnerella, which remained relatively stable after exposure, with Lactobacillus being the most abundant in all substrates, while Gardnerella was more abundant in other substrates than in the polyester fiber substrate. Except for bed sheets, Bifidobacterium significantly declined when placed on other substrates. Rhodococcus and Delftia from the substrate environment migrated to the vaginal samples. Rhodococcus was abundant in polyester fibers, and Delftia was abundant in wool substrates, while those environmental bacteria were all in low abundance in bed sheets. Overall, the bed sheet substrates showed a good retention capacity for the dominant flora and could reduce the number of taxa migrated by the environment compared with the other substrates. Both fresh and exposed vaginal samples of the same individuals could mostly be clustered and clearly distinguished from different individuals, showing the potential of individual identification, and the confusion matrix value of body fluid identification for vaginal samples was 1. In summary, vaginal samples placed on the surface of different substrates retained their stability and demonstrated good application potential for individual and body fluid identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liao
- Hygiene Detection Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health and Tropical Medical, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Linying Ye
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Litao Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ting Yao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaomin Liang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Forensic Medicine, Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, China (Academy of Forensic Science), Shanghai 200063, China.
| | - Mei Shen
- Hygiene Detection Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health and Tropical Medical, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Xu J, Liang J, Chen W, Wen X, Zhang N, Ma B, Zou Y, Mi J, Wang Y, Liao X, Wu Y. Doxycycline Attenuates Pig Intestinal Microbial Interactions and Changes Microbial Metabolic Pathways. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081293. [PMID: 37106856 PMCID: PMC10135356 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxycycline is a therapeutic veterinary antibiotic commonly used in pig breeding. In this study, 27 fattening pigs of 33.5 ± 0.72 kg were divided equally into 3 groups. Doxycycline at 0, 3, and 5 mg/kg body weight was added to the feed in groups CK, L and H. The medication and withdrawal periods were set at 5 and 28 days. The results showed that the doxycycline average concentrations in groups L and H during the medication period were 117.63 ± 13.54 and 202.03 ± 24.91 mg/kg dry matter, respectively. Doxycycline levels were lower than the detection limit after 20 days. Doxycycline did not affect the diversity of the intestinal microbial community structure. The relative abundances of Streptococcus were significantly higher in treatment groups than that in group CK, and Alishewanella, Vagococcus, Cloacibacterium, and Campylobacter abundances were significantly positively correlated with doxycycline concentration. Interestingly, the microbiota cooccurrence network suggested that high doxycycline concentration weakened the interactions among bacteria until day 33. Functional prediction showed that doxycycline significantly altered metabolic pathways related to the cell membrane. The results revealed that the use of doxycycline during pig breeding can affect bacterial abundance during the withdrawal period, and it may affect interactions among bacteria and change the intestinal metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Xu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiadi Liang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenjun Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Foshan Customs Comprehensive Technology Center, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Baohua Ma
- Foshan Customs Comprehensive Technology Center, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Yongde Zou
- Foshan Customs Comprehensive Technology Center, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Jiandui Mi
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xindi Liao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yinbao Wu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China
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Naumova NB, Kabilov MR. About the Biodiversity of the Air Microbiome. Acta Naturae 2022; 14:50-56. [PMID: 36694900 PMCID: PMC9844089 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This brief review focuses on the properties of bioaerosols, presenting some recent results of metagenomic studies of the air microbiome performed using next-generation sequencing. The taxonomic composition and structure of the bioaerosol microbiome may display diurnal and seasonal dynamics and be dependent on meteorological events such as dust storms, showers, fogs, etc., as well as air pollution. The Proteobacteria and Ascomycota members are common dominants in bioaerosols in different troposphere layers. The microbiological composition of the lower troposphere air affects the composition and diversity of the indoor bioaerosol microbiome, and information about the latter is very important, especially during exacerbated epidemiological situations. Few studies focusing on the bioaerosol microbiome of the air above Russia urge intensification of such research.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. B. Naumova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - M. R. Kabilov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
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Urban Aerobiome and Effects on Human Health: A Systematic Review and Missing Evidence. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13071148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Urban air pollutants are a major public health concern and include biological matters which composes about 25% of the atmospheric aerosol particles. Airborne microorganisms were traditionally characterized by culture-based methods recognizing just 1.5–15.3% of the total bacterial diversity that was evaluable by genome signature in the air environment (aerobiome). Despite the large number of exposed people, urban aerobiomes are still weakly described even if recently advanced literature has been published. This paper aims to systematically review the state of knowledge on the urban aerobiome and human health effects. A total of 24 papers that used next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques for characterization and comprised a seasonal analysis have been included. A core of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroides and various factors that influenced the community structure were detected. Heterogenic methods and results were reported, for both sampling and aerobiome diversity analysis, highlighting the necessity of in-depth and homogenized assessment thus reducing the risk of bias. The aerobiome can include threats for human health, such as pathogens and resistome spreading; however, its diversity seems to be protective for human health and reduced by high levels of air pollution. Evidence of the urban aerobiome effects on human health need to be filled up quickly for urban public health purposes.
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Tsuji A, Takei Y, Nishimura T, Azuma Y. Identification of New Halomonas Strains from Food-related Environments. Microbes Environ 2022; 37. [PMID: 35296582 PMCID: PMC8958296 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me21052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Halomonas species, which are aerobic, alkaliphilic, and moderately halophilic bacteria, produce diverse biochemicals. To identify food-related Halomonas strains for bioremediation and the industrial production of biochemicals, 20 strains were isolated from edible seashells, shrimp, and umeboshi (pickled Japanese plum) factory effluents. All isolates were phylogenetically classified into a large clade of Halomonas species. Most isolates, which grew in wide pH (6–13) and salt concentration (0–14%) ranges, exhibited the intracellular accumulation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) granules. The characteristics of these isolates varied. A020 isolated from umeboshi factory effluents exhibited enhanced stress tolerance and proliferation and comprised two plasmids. IMZ03 and A020 grew to more than 200 OD600, while IMZ03 produced 3.5% 3-hydroxybutyrate in inorganic medium supplemented with 10% sucrose. The mucus of TK1-1 cultured on agar medium comprised approximately 64 mM of ectoine. Whole-genome sequencing of A020 was performed to elucidate its origin and genomic characteristics. The genome analysis revealed a region exhibiting synteny with a large virus genome isolated from the ocean, but did not identify any predictable pathogenic genes. Therefore, saline foods and related materials may be suitable resources for isolating Halomonas strains exhibiting unique, useful, and innocuous features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Tsuji
- Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University
| | - Yasuko Takei
- Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University
| | | | - Yoshinao Azuma
- Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University
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