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Rahimi H, Tukmechi A, Rashidian E. Genetic diversity of Brucella melitensis isolates from sheep and goat milk in Iran. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2023; 14:649-657. [PMID: 38174090 PMCID: PMC10759773 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2023.1988859.3768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The genetic diversity of Brucella strains has not been fully understood. To investigate this, the genetic characteristics of 64 isolates of Brucella melitensis from sheep and goats' milk were studied using random fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA-16) methods developed in Orsay, France (MLVA-16Orsay). The RFLP analysis revealed that all 64 isolates were of biovar one. The MLVA-typing showed that one sample was simultaneously infected with two strains of B. melitensis and the genotype of 65 isolate was analyzed. Four genotypes (47, 42, 43, and 63) were identified using MLVA-8 (panel 1), whereas six genotypes (138, 125, 116, 108, and two unknown genotypes) were identified using MLVA11 (panels 1 and 2A). From the review of MLVA-16 (panels 1, 2A, and 2B), panel 2B showed a very high discriminatory power. Two loci of Bruc04 and Bruc30 from this panel had diversity index values higher than 0.71 and the average diversity index was 0.619. So MLVA-16Orsay 34 showed the genotype indicating a low genetic homogeneity among the isolates. The findings of MLVA genotyping of the isolates suggest that strains of B. melitensis isolated from the milk of small ruminants in Iran are most closely related to the isolates from neighboring countries of the Eastern Mediterranean group. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to indicate the potential use of MLVA genotyping for simultaneous detection of specimen contamination using two different B. melitensis biovars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidar Rahimi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran;
| | - Amir Tukmechi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran;
| | - Ehsan Rashidian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
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Xue H, Zhao Z, Wang J, Ma L, Li J, Yang X, Ren L, Xu L, Liu Z, Li Z. Native circulating Brucella melitensis lineages causing a brucellosis epidemic in Qinghai, China. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1233686. [PMID: 37799605 PMCID: PMC10547896 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1233686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2010, the cases and incidences of human brucellosis have been increasing annually in Qinghai (QH) Province. Molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic analyses of strains from this region are crucial to better understand the transmission of the disease and the evolutionary patterns of Brucella strains. In this study, classical bio-typing assay, multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis, and the whole-genome sequencing-single-nucleotide polymorphism approach were used to illustrate the epidemiological and evolutionary patterns of Brucella melitensis. A total of 54 B. melitensis bv. 3 strains were isolated and molecularly characterized, with all strains belonging to the East Mediterranean lineages. Cross-regional transmission events (i.e., between counties) were caused by common sources of infection, suggesting that predominant circulating genotypes are endemic in different regions. Strengthening surveillance in animal brucellosis and controlling infected animals' cross-border movement are necessary. Two strains isolated from humans and marmots were clustered in the same sub-clade, implying the possible existence of direct and/or indirect contact between sheep (and goats) and wildlife (marmots), but this needs to be verified by further investigations. The global-scale phylogenetic analysis indicated that 54 strains sorted into six subclades, four of which formed independent lineages, suggesting that the increase in the incidence rate of human brucellosis may be caused by local circulating lineages. Further strengthening the serology and pathogen surveillance of animals (wildlife) and humans will contribute to an in-depth understanding of the transmission chain of human brucellosis in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Xue
- Department of Brucellosis Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Zhijun Zhao
- Department of Brucellosis Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Jianling Wang
- Department of Brucellosis Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Brucellosis Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Jiquan Li
- Department of Brucellosis Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Xuxin Yang
- Department of Brucellosis Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Lingling Ren
- Department of Brucellosis Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Liqing Xu
- Department of Brucellosis Prevention and Control, Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Vocational and Technical College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou, China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Celik E, Kayman T, Buyuk F, Gulmez Saglam A, Abay S, Akar M, Karakaya E, Balkan Bozlak CE, Coskun MR, Buyuk E, Celebi O, Sahin M, Saticioglu IB, Durhan S, Baykal A, Ersoy Y, Otlu S, Aydin F. The canonical Brucella species-host dependency is changing, however, the antibiotic susceptibility profiles remain unchanged. Microb Pathog 2023; 182:106261. [PMID: 37488036 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a chronic disease caused by Brucella species with a wide range of hosts, from marine mammals to terrestrial species, but with strict host preferences. With the zoonotic character, the prevalence of human brucellosis cases is a reflection of animal infections. This study aimed to identify 192 Brucella isolates obtained from various sources by Bruce-ladder PCR and to determine their antibiotic susceptibilities by gradient diffusion method (E-test). As a result of the PCR, all human isolates (n = 57) were identified as B. melitensis. While 58 (82.9%) of the cattle isolates were identified as B. abortus, 59 (90.8%) of the sheep isolates were identified as B. melitensis. In addition, 12 (17.1%) of the cattle isolates and 6 (9.2%) of the sheep isolates were determined as B. melitensis and B. abortus, respectively. The primary host change behavior of B. melitensis was 1.9 times higher than that of B. abortus. While gentamicin and ciprofloxacin susceptibilities of Brucella isolates were 100%, tetracycline, doxycycline, streptomycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and rifampicin susceptibilities were 99%, 99%, 97.4%, 91.7% and 83.9%, respectively. The lowest sensitivity of the isolates was determined against to cefoperazone as 26%. A triple-drug resistance was detected in 1 B. abortus isolate that included simultaneous resistance to cefoperazone, rifampicin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The high susceptibility profiles we found against to antibiotics such as tetracycline, doxycycline gentamicin and ciprofloxacin, used widely in treatment, are encouraging. However, the change in the canonical Brucella species-primary host preference suggests the need to reconsider eradication program, including updating vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Celik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey.
| | - Tuba Kayman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Buyuk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Aliye Gulmez Saglam
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Secil Abay
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Akar
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Emre Karakaya
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Eda Balkan Bozlak
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Health Research and Application Hospital, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Reha Coskun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Eray Buyuk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Celebi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Mitat Sahin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Izzet Burcin Saticioglu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Seda Durhan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Atakan Baykal
- Harakani Public Hospital, Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Kars, Turkey
| | - Yaren Ersoy
- Institute of Health Sciences, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Salih Otlu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Fuat Aydin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Gonuguntla HN, Surendra KSNL, Prasad A, Sarangi LN, Rana SK, Manasa G, Muthappa PN, Harikumar AV, Sharma GK. Brucella melitensis: Divergence Among Indian Strains and Genetic Characterization of a Strain Isolated from Cattle. Indian J Microbiol 2023; 63:272-280. [PMID: 37781017 PMCID: PMC10533427 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01081-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella melitensis primarily affects sheep, goats and is associated with brucellosis in humans, which is one of the world's most widespread neglected zoonotic disease. The current study attempted the determination of genetic diversity through comparative genome analysis of B. melitensis strains reported from India with other countries. The study also reports the isolation and identification of B. melitensis BMNDDB8664 from a cow with a history of abortion, whole-genome sequencing (WGS), determination of virulence factors, genotyping, and comparative genome analysis. Multilocus sequence typing, Multiple locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis (MLVA), and WGS based phylogeny revealed the predominance of ST-8 and genotypes (116 and II respectively) that clustered to the East Mediterranean lineage. Identification of hitherto unreported genotypes by MLVA also indicated the existence and circulation of West Mediterranean and American lineages in India. Though the AMOS-PCR results suggest the BMNDDB8664 isolate as Brucella abortus, the outcomes from multiplex PCR, ribosomal multilocus sequence typing, and WGS analysis confirmed it as B. melitensis. The analysis revealed the presence of adeF gene (aids conferring resistance to fluoro-quinolone and tetracyclines). The isolate lacked two important T4SS genes virB2 and virB7 genes (roles in infection and rifampicin resistance respectively) and also lacked the Brucella suis mprF gene that aids intracellular survival. Further, BMNDDB8664 lacked some of the genes associated with LPS synthesis (wbkB, wbkC) and transport (wzm, wzt) and hence, is most likely a rough strain. WGS-based phylogenetic analysis revealed close genetic relatedness of this BMNDDB8664 with a sheep isolate and two human isolates. The results prompt systematic, broad-based epidemiological studies on brucella infection at the species level. For effective control of human brucellosis, a concerted One Health approach with studies encircling the identification of aetiology at species, strain level to find their prevalence, spread, and inter-host transmission patterns need to be understood, for better design and implementation of effective control strategies in India and other endemic regions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-023-01081-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hariprasad Naidu Gonuguntla
- National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500032 India
| | - Kota Sri Naga Leela Surendra
- National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500032 India
| | - Amitesh Prasad
- National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500032 India
| | - Laxmi Narayan Sarangi
- National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500032 India
| | | | - Gujjala Manasa
- National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500032 India
| | - Ponnanna Nadikerianda Muthappa
- National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500032 India
| | - A. V. Harikumar
- National Dairy Development Board, Anand, Gujarat 388001 India
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Liu Z, Wang M, Shi Q, Dong X, Gao L, Li Z. Original and introduced lineages co-driving the persistence of Brucella abortus circulating in West Africa. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1106361. [PMID: 37006545 PMCID: PMC10050740 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1106361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionBrucellosis, a serious public health issue affecting animals and humans, is neglected in West Africa (WA).MethodsIn the present study, bio-typing, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), and whole genome sequencing single-nucleotide polymorphism (WGS-SNP) analysis were used to characterize the Brucella abortus (B. abortus) strains from WA.ResultsAll of the 309 strains analyzed in this study were extracted and downloaded from the international MLVA bank and were from 10 hosts (cattle, humans, ovine, buffalo, dromedaries, horse, sheep, zebu, dog, and cat) distributed in 17 countries in WA. Based on the bio-typing, three biovars, dominated by B. abortus bv.3, were observed and reported across seven decades (1958–2019). With MLST, 129 B. abortus strains from the present study were sorted into 14 STs, with ST34 as the predicted founder. These 14 STs clustered into the global MLST data into three clone complexes (C I–C III) with the majority of strains clustering in C I, while C II forms an independent branch, and C III harbors three STs shared by different continents. These data revealed that most cases were caused by strains from native lineages. According to the MLVA-11 comparison, 309 strains were divided into 22 MLVA-11 genotypes, 15 of which were unique to WA and the remaining seven had a global distribution. MLVA-16 analysis showed that there were no epidemiological links among these strains. Based on the MLVA data, B. abortus strains from WA have high genetic diversity, and predominated genotypes were descended from a native lineage. While the MLVA-16 globally highlights that the dominant native and few introduced lineages (from Brazil, the USA, South Korea, Argentina, India, Italy, Portugal, the UK, Costa Rica, and China) co-driving the B. abortus ongoing prevalence in WA. The high-resolution SNP analysis implied the existence of introduced B. abortus lineages, which may be reasonably explained by the movement and trade of dominant hosts (cattle) and/or their products.DiscussionOur results indicated that B. abortus strains in WA consist of native and introduced strains that necessitate control such as vaccination, testing, slaughtering, and movement control by the relevant country authorities to reduce brucellosis in livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Liu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Vocational and Technical College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Baotou, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Comprehensive Office, Ulanqab Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jining, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Qi Shi
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Dong
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Gao
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
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Shevtsov A, Cloeckaert A, Berdimuratova K, Shevtsova E, Shustov AV, Amirgazin A, Karibayev T, Kamalova D, Zygmunt MS, Ramanculov Y, Vergnaud G. Brucella abortus in Kazakhstan, population structure and comparison with worldwide genetic diversity. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1106994. [PMID: 37032899 PMCID: PMC10073595 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1106994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella abortus is the main causative agent of brucellosis in cattle, leading to severe economic consequences in agriculture and affecting public health. The zoonotic nature of the infection increases the need to control the spread and dynamics of outbreaks in animals with the incorporation of high resolution genotyping techniques. Based on such methods, B. abortus is currently divided into three clades, A, B, and C. The latter includes subclades C1 and C2. This study presents the results of whole-genome sequencing of 49 B. abortus strains isolated in Kazakhstan between 1947 and 2015 and of 36 B. abortus strains of various geographic origins isolated from 1940 to 2004. In silico Multiple Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) allowed to assign strains from Kazakhstan to subclades C1 and to a much lower extend C2. Whole-genome Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (wgSNP) analysis of the 46 strains of subclade C1 with strains of worldwide origins showed clustering with strains from neighboring countries, mostly North Caucasia, Western Russia, but also Siberia, China, and Mongolia. One of the three Kazakhstan strains assigned to subclade C2 matched the B. abortus S19 vaccine strain used in cattle, the other two were genetically close to the 104 M vaccine strain. Bayesian phylodynamic analysis dated the introduction of B. abortus subclade C1 into Kazakhstan to the 19th and early 20th centuries. We discuss this observation in view of the history of population migrations from Russia to the Kazakhstan steppes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr Shevtsov
- National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Kazakhstan
- *Correspondence: Alexandr Shevtsov,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yerlan Ramanculov
- National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Kazakhstan
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Gilles Vergnaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Gilles Vergnaud,
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Katsiolis A, Papadopoulos DK, Giantsis IA, Papageorgiou K, Zdragas A, Giadinis ND, Petridou E. Brucella spp. distribution, hosting ruminants from Greece, applying various molecular identification techniques. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:202. [PMID: 35624476 PMCID: PMC9137169 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brucellosis still remains an endemic disease for both livestock and human in Greece, influencing the primary sector and national economy in general. Although farm animals and particularly ruminants constitute the natural hosts of the disease, transmission to humans is not uncommon, thus representing a serious occupational disease as well. Under this prism, knowledge concerning Brucella species distribution in ruminants is considered a high priority. There are various molecular methodologies for Brucella detection with however differential discriminant capacity. Hence, the aim of this survey was to achieve nationally Brucella epidemiology baseline genotyping data at species and subtype level, as well as to evaluate the pros and cons of different molecular techniques utilized for detection of Brucella species. Thirty-nine tissue samples from 30 domestic ruminants, which were found positive applying a screening PCR, were tested by four different molecular techniques i.e. sequencing of the 16S rRNA, the BP26 and the OMP31 regions, and the MLVA typing panel 1 assay of minisatellite markers. Results Only one haplotype was revealed from the 16S rRNA sequencing analysis, indicating that molecular identification of Brucella bacteria based on this marker might be feasible solely up to genus level. BP26 sequencing analysis and MLVA were in complete agreement detecting both B. melitensis and B. abortus. An interesting exception was observed in 11 samples, of lower quality extracted DNA, in which not all expected MLVA amplicons were produced and identification was based on the remaining ones as well as on BP26. On the contrary OMP31 failed to provide a clear band in any of the examined samples. Conclusions The present study reveals the constant circulation of Brucella bacteria in ruminants throughout Greece. Further, according to our results, BP26 gene represents a very good alternative to MLVA minisatellite assay, particularly in lower quality DNA samples. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03295-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristomenis Katsiolis
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios K Papadopoulos
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, 53100, Florina, Greece
| | - Ioannis A Giantsis
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, 53100, Florina, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Papageorgiou
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonis Zdragas
- Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER (former NAGREF), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nektarios D Giadinis
- Clinic of Farm Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evanthia Petridou
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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