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Novák M, Zemanová V, Lhotská M, Pavlík M, Klement A, Hnilička F, Pavlíková D. Response of Carrot ( Daucus carota L.) to Multi-Contaminated Soil from Historic Mining and Smelting Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17345. [PMID: 38139174 PMCID: PMC10744065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A pot experiment was undertaken to investigate the effect of Cd, Pb and Zn multi-contamination on the physiological and metabolic response of carrot (Daucus carota L.) after 98 days of growth under greenhouse conditions. Multi-contamination had a higher negative influence on leaves (the highest Cd and Zn accumulation) compared to the roots, which showed no visible change in terms of anatomy and morphology. The results showed the following: (i) significantly higher accumulation of Cd, Zn, and Pb in the multi-contaminated variant (Multi) compared to the control; (ii) significant metabolic responses-an increase in the malondialdehyde content of the Multi variant compared to the control in the roots (by 20%), as well as in the leaves (by 53%); carotenoid content in roots decreased by 31% in the Multi variant compared with the control; and changes in free amino acids, especially those related to plant stress responses. The determination of hydroxyproline and sarcosine may reflect the higher sensitivity of carrot leaves to multi-contamination in comparison to roots. A similar trend was observed for the content of free methionine (significant increase of 31% only in leaves); (iii) physiological responses (significant decreases in biomass, changes in gas-exchange parameters and chlorophyll a); and (iv) significant changes in enzymatic activities (chitinase, alanine aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase) in the root zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Novák
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.N.)
| | - Veronika Zemanová
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.N.)
| | - Marie Lhotská
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.L.); (F.H.)
| | - Milan Pavlík
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.N.)
| | - Aleš Klement
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - František Hnilička
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.L.); (F.H.)
| | - Daniela Pavlíková
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.N.)
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Dume B, Hanc A, Svehla P, Michal P, Chane AD, Nigussie A. Composting and vermicomposting of sewage sludge at various C/N ratios: Technological feasibility and end-product quality. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115255. [PMID: 37478570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Even though sewage sludge (SS) contains a high level of pollutants, it is rich in essential plant nutrients and has the potential to enhance soil fertility. However, the SS must be further treated through pre-composting plus vermicomposting to make it safe for use on food crops. More research and data are needed to determine how different carbon-to-nitrogen ratios (C/N) affect the feasibility and quality of composting vs vermicomposting of SS. Therefore, in this study we comprehensively evaluated the feasibility and end-product quality of compost and vermicompost produced from SS under different C/N ratios. SS was mixed with pelletized wheat straw (PWS) at various proportions to produce C/N ratios of 6:1, 18:1, 28:1, and 38:1, then pre-composted for 14 days followed by vermicomposting using the earthworm Eisenia andrei for 120 days. Agrochemical properties were measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days. Results revealed significantly higher levels of agrochemicals in vermicompost compared to compost, including total potassium (37-88%) and magnesium (4.3-12%), nitrate nitrogen (71-98%), available potassium (53-88%), available phosphorus (79%), available magnesium (54-453%), available boron (48-303%), and available copper (2.5-82%). However, lower levels of ammonium nitrogen by (59-85%), available iron (2.3-51.3%), available manganese (29.7-52.2%), available zinc (10.5-29.8%), total carbon (0.75-4.5%), and total nitrogen (1.6-22.2%) were measured. Comparison of the various C/N ratios, showed that vermicompost with an 18:1 C/N ratio outperformed compost and demonstrated the highest earthworm population (165 pieces/kg). Thus, vermicomposting SS at an 18:1 C/N ratio is strongly recommended as a sustainable technology for producing high-quality vermicompost from SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayu Dume
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Kamycka 129, Prague 16500, Czech Republic.
| | - Ales Hanc
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Kamycka 129, Prague 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Svehla
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Kamycka 129, Prague 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Michal
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Kamycka 129, Prague 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Abraham Demelash Chane
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Kamycka 129, Prague 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Abebe Nigussie
- Jimma University, College of Agriculture, 307, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Tikoria R, Kaur A, Ohri P. Physiological, biochemical and structural changes in tomato plants by vermicompost application in different exposure periods under glass house conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 197:107656. [PMID: 37001305 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In modern era, various inorganic fertilizers and pesticides are used as plant growth supplements in a variety of crop in order to gain maximum output and also reported as hazardous to mankind as well as environment. In addition, some of the plants died in initial phase of the growth after germination due to poor nutrient content of the soil or exposure to biotic stresses. In the beginning of sustainable agriculture, these chemical fertilizers were replaced with some alternative growth boosters such as organic fertilizers. In the present study, vermicompost was prepared using garden waste and cattle dung followed by analysis of various physico-chemical properties. Then tomato seeds were allowed to germinate in soil and supplemented with different doses of vermicompost (0-100%). The plants were harvested after 10 and 45 days of their germination and tissues were subjected to analysis of various morphological and biochemical parameters. Morphological parameters included root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight and number of leaves. Whereas biochemical parameters such as protein content, antioxidative enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase), non-enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbic acid, glutathione, tocopherol), osmolytes (proline, carbohydrate), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll, carotenoid) and secondary metabolites (phenol, flavonoid, anthocyanin) were estimated on UV-visible spectrophotometer using standard protocols. Further, structural analysis of plant tissue was done using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra (FTIR) and carbon hydrogen nitrogen (CHN) elemental analyzer. Results obtained from the present study revealed significant difference in all morphological and biochemical markers at both 10 and 45 days intervals of time. Further, growth of all plants was found to be directly proportional to the concentration of vermicompost and exposure duration. FTIR spectra and CHN analyses reveal the breakdown of various complex compounds and their transformation from Vcom amended soil to roots of plants. This is the first study in which significant changes were observed in growth, physiology and structural composition of tomato plants at two different exposure periods (10 and 45 days) under glass house conditions which further concluded that vermicompost has a significant potential for increasing plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Tikoria
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Arvinder Kaur
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Puja Ohri
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
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Li Z, Chen C, Zhang K, Zhang Z, Zhao R, Han B, Yang F, Ding Y. Response of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Related Microorganisms to Arsenic during Vermicomposting of Cow Dung. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14475. [PMID: 36361352 PMCID: PMC9658359 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance pollution in livestock manure is a persistent issue that has drawn public attention. Vermicomposting is an ecofriendly biological process that can render livestock manure harmless and resourceful. However, little is known about the impact of vermicomposting on antibiotic resistance in livestock manure under stress caused by potentially toxic arsenic levels. Herein, lab-scale vermicomposting was performed to comprehensively evaluate the shift in antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and related microorganisms in fresh earthworm casts as well as vermicompost product health (i.e., nutrient availability and enzyme activity) when they were fed on arsenic-contaminated cow manure. The results showed that the earthworms' interaction with cow dung led to a significant reduction in ARG concentrations, especially for tetracycline ARGs (tet-ARGs), β-lactam ARGs (bla-ARGs), and quinolone ARGs (qnr-ARGs). However, arsenic significantly enhanced ARG accumulation in earthworm casts in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, vermicomposting increased the percentage of Bacteroidota in the converted products. Furthermore, arsenic exposure at low concentrations promoted the proliferation of Proteobacteria, whereas high concentrations had little effect on Proteobacteria. Our study provides valuable insight into the changes in the antibiotic resistome and related microorganisms during vermicomposting of arsenic-amended cow manure, and it is crucial to explain the environmental impact of earthworms and improve our understanding of the reciprocal benefits of soil invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Li
- China-UK Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control Joint Research Centre, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Chen Chen
- China-UK Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control Joint Research Centre, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Keqiang Zhang
- China-UK Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control Joint Research Centre, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Zulin Zhang
- The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Ran Zhao
- China-UK Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control Joint Research Centre, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Bingjun Han
- China-UK Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control Joint Research Centre, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Fengxia Yang
- China-UK Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control Joint Research Centre, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Yongzhen Ding
- China-UK Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control Joint Research Centre, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
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Inhibitory Effects of the Addition of KNO 3 on Volatile Sulfur Compound Emissions during Sewage Sludge Composting. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9060258. [PMID: 35735501 PMCID: PMC9220069 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9060258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Odor released from the sewage sludge composting process often has a negative impact on the sewage sludge treatment facility and becomes a hindrance to promoting compost technology. This study investigated the effect of adding KNO3 on the emissions of volatile sulfur compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), dimethyl sulfide (DMS), and carbon disulfide (CS2), during sewage sludge composting and on the physicochemical properties of compost products, such as arylsulfatase activity, available sulfur, total sulfur, moisture content, and germination index. The results showed that the addition of KNO3 could inhibit the emissions of volatile sulfur compounds during composting. KNO3 can also increase the heating rate and peak temperature of the compost pile and reduce the available sulfur loss. The addition of 4% and 8% KNO3 had the best effect on H2S emissions, and it reduced the emissions of H2S during composting by 19.5% and 20.0%, respectively. The addition of 4% KNO3 had the best effect on DMS and CS2 emissions, and it reduced the emissions of DMS and CS2 by 75.8% and 63.0%, respectively. Furthermore, adding 4% KNO3 had the best effect from the perspective of improving the germination index of the compost.
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