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Ge X, Zhou H, Shen F, Yang G, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Li H. SARS-CoV-2 subgenomic RNA: formation process and rapid molecular diagnostic methods. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:1019-1028. [PMID: 38000044 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which caused coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is spreading worldwide and posing enormous losses to human health and socio-economic. Due to the limitations of medical and health conditions, it is still a huge challenge to develop appropriate discharge standards for patients with COVID-19 and to use medical resources in a timely and effective manner. Similar to other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 has a very complex discontinuous transcription process to generate subgenomic RNA (sgRNA). Some studies support that sgRNA of SARS-CoV-2 can only exist when the virus is active and is an indicator of virus replication. The results of sgRNA detection in patients can be used to evaluate the condition of hospitalized patients, which is expected to save medical resources, especially personal protective equipment. There have been numerous investigations using different methods, especially molecular methods to detect sgRNA. Here, we introduce the process of SARS-CoV-2 sgRNA formation and the commonly used molecular diagnostic methods to bring a new idea for clinical detection in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ge
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Huizi Zhou
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Fangyuan Shen
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Guimao Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yubo Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, P.R. China
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Chen G, Yang N, Xu L, Lu S, Chen Z, Wu F, Chen J, Zhang X. Base-Stacking-Driven Catalytic Hairpin Assembly: A Nucleic Acid Amplification Reaction Using Electrode Interface as a "Booster" for SARS-CoV-2 Point-of-Care Testing. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15595-15605. [PMID: 37820038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical DNA (E-DNA) biosensors based on interface-mediated hybridization reactions are promising for point-of-care testing (POCT). However, the low efficiency of target recycle amplification and the steric hindrance at the electrode interface limit their sensing performance. Herein, we propose a base-stacking-driven catalytic hairpin assembly (BDCHA), a nucleic acid amplification reaction strategy, for POCT. The introduction of the base-stacking effect in this strategy increases the thermodynamic stability of the product, thereby effectively improving the recycling efficiency. Also, it enables the interface-mediated hybridization to maintain stability with even fewer bases in the reaction-binding domain, hence minimizing DNA secondary structure formation or intertwining at the electrode surface and ameliorating the steric hindrance limitation. The introduced base-stacking effect makes the electrode serve as a "booster" by integrating the advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions, giving BDCHA an increased reaction rate of about 20-fold, compared to the conventional catalytic hairpin assembly. As a proof of concept, our BDCHA was applied in constructing a portable E-DNA biosensor for the detection of a SARS-CoV-2 N gene sequence fragment. A simple 30 min one-pot incubation is required, and the results can be readily read on a smartphone, making it portable and user-friendly for POCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
- Innovative Drug Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
- Innovative Drug Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
| | - Lilan Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
- Innovative Drug Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
| | - Shi Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
- Innovative Drug Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
| | - Zhuhua Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
- Innovative Drug Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
- Innovative Drug Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
- Innovative Drug Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Innovative Drug Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350122, P. R. China
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Li X, Dong H, Guo X, Huang F, Xu X, Li N, Yang Y, Yao T, Feng Y, Liu Q. Mesophilic Argonaute-based isothermal detection of SARS-CoV-2. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:957977. [PMID: 35966688 PMCID: PMC9363790 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.957977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and its mutations, has spread rapidly all over the world and still requires sensitive detection to distinguish mutations. CRISPR-based diagnosis has been regarded as a next-generation detection method; however, it has some limitations, such as the need for specific recognition sequences and multiple enzymes for multiplex detection. Therefore, research on the exploration and development of novel nucleases helps to promote specific and sensitive diagnoses. Prokaryotic Argonaute (Ago) proteins exert directed nuclease activity that can target any sequence. Recently, thermophilic Agos have been developed as new detection techniques achieving multiplexity for multiple targets using a single enzyme, as well as accurate recognition of single-base differential sequences. In this study, to overcome the requirement for high reaction temperature of thermophilic Ago-based methods, we expanded the mining of mesophilic Agos to achieve CRISPR-like isothermal detection, named mesophilic Ago-based isothermal detection method (MAIDEN). The principle of MAIDEN uses mesophilic Ago cleavage combined with reverse transcription, which can provide single-strand DNA as a substrate and allow cleavage of fluorescence probes to sense SARS-CoV-2 at moderate temperature. We first mined and optimized the mesophilic Ago and the fluorescence reporter system and then selected a compatible reverse transcription reaction. Furthermore, we optimized MAIDEN into a one-step reaction that can detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA at the nanomolar concentration at a constant temperature of 42°C within 60 min. Therefore, MAIDEN shows advantageous portability and easy-to-implement operation, avoiding the possibility of open-lid contamination. Our study was the first attempt to demonstrate that mesophilic Agos can be harnessed as diagnostic tools, and MAIDEN was easily extended to detect other pathogens in a rapid and efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huarong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nuolan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianbao Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Liu
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