1
|
Kosakowska O, Węglarz Z, Styczyńska S, Synowiec A, Gniewosz M, Bączek K. Activity of Common Thyme ( Thymus vulgaris L.), Greek Oregano ( Origanum vulgare L. ssp. hirtum), and Common Oregano ( Origanum vulgare L. ssp. vulgare) Essential Oils against Selected Phytopathogens. Molecules 2024; 29:4617. [PMID: 39407547 PMCID: PMC11477930 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29194617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the activity of common thyme (Thymus vulgare L.), Greek oregano (Origanum vulgare L. ssp. hirtum), and common oregano (Origanum vulgare L. ssp. vulgare) essential oils (EOs) against selected phytopathogenic microorganisms in relation to their chemical profile. The EOs were obtained from the herbs of 2-year-old plants cultivated in the organic farming system in a temperate climate in Central Europe. The EOs' composition was determined by GC/MS and GC/FID. The investigated species were represented by the following three chemotypes: 'thymol' for common thyme, 'carvacrol' for Greek oregano, and mixed 'caryophyllene oxide + β-caryophyllene' for common oregano. The antimicrobial activity of the EOs was assessed based on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) values. The plant pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae, Xanthomonas hortorum, Erwinia carotovora, and fungi: Fusarium culmorum, Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Epicoccum purpurascens, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Phoma strasseri, and Pythium debaryanum were tested. The EOs revealed a stronger inhibitory effect against fungal growth in comparison to bacterial growth (MIC: 0.016-2 µL/mL for fungi and 0.125-4 µL/mL for bacteria). Common thyme and Greek oregano EOs indicated stronger antimicrobial power than common oregano EO. These results were associated with the chemical profile of the analysed EOs. The growth of examined bacteria and fungi strains (in particular, X. hortorum, F. culmorum, and P. debaryanum) were negatively correlated with the content of phenolic monoterpenes and monoterpene hydrocarbons. Among the tested strains, P. strasseri turned out to be the most sensitive (MIC 0.016 µL/mL) and E. carotovora the most resistant (MIC 0.250-4 µL/mL) to all investigated EOs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kosakowska
- Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (O.K.); (Z.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Zenon Węglarz
- Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (O.K.); (Z.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Sylwia Styczyńska
- Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (O.K.); (Z.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Alicja Synowiec
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Małgorzata Gniewosz
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Katarzyna Bączek
- Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (O.K.); (Z.W.); (S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sabri M, El Handi K, El Tousy A, De Stradis A, Elbeaino T. Synergistic antibacterial activity of Lactococcus lactis and Xylella phage MATE 2 for an effective biocontrol strategy against black rot disease in broccoli. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1468792. [PMID: 39224218 PMCID: PMC11366581 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1468792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Black rot, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), is considered the most destructive disease affecting cruciferous vegetables, resulting in significant losses worldwide. The need for biocontrol agents against Xcc that can reduce reliance on chemical pesticides, enhance sustainability, and ensure crops and environmental health is crucial. Combining phages with other antibacterial agents (i.e., antibiotics and bacteriocins) to treat bacterial infections is gaining increased attention due to the frequently observed synergistic effects. This study introduces for the first time the combination of a lytic phage, i.e., Xylella phage MATE 2 (MATE 2) with nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (L. lactis) bacterium as an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and practical strategy for controlling Xcc in cruciferous vegetables. The antibacterial efficacy of MATE 2 and L. lactis, individually and in combination, against Xcc was investigated through a series of in vitro assays and in planta experiments conducted on broccoli plants. The time-killing curves results showed that under conditions of reduced Xcc population concentration (103 CFU/mL), MATE 2 at 108 PFU/mL exerted a persistent inhibitory effect on Xcc growth for 7 days. The Spot assays and v-qPCR analysis showed that both L. lactis and its bacteriocin nisin have significant antibacterial potential to contrast Xcc. Furthermore, combined application of MATE 2 and L. lactis in broccoli plants by foliar spraying generated significant synergistic efficacy in preventing Xcc infections, achieving a 71% reduction in symptoms, compared with 64 and 38% for single applications, respectively. In this study, the positive synergistic effect of the combined application of phage and beneficial bacteria in preventing black rot disease underscores this eco-friendly and cost-effective approach as a promising control measure against plant bacterial diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miloud Sabri
- International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM of Bari), Valenzano, Italy
| | - Kaoutar El Handi
- International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM of Bari), Valenzano, Italy
| | - Abderrahim El Tousy
- International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM of Bari), Valenzano, Italy
| | - Angelo De Stradis
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Toufic Elbeaino
- International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM of Bari), Valenzano, Italy
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), Piazzale Enrico Fermi, Portici, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Iobbi V, Parisi V, Lanteri AP, Maggi N, Giacomini M, Drava G, Minuto G, Minuto A, Tommasi ND, Bisio A. NMR Metabolite Profiling for the Characterization of Vessalico Garlic Ecotype and Bioactivity against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1170. [PMID: 38732385 PMCID: PMC11085173 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The Italian garlic ecotype "Vessalico" possesses distinct characteristics compared to its French parent cultivars Messidor and Messidrôme, used for sowing, as well as other ecotypes in neighboring regions. However, due to the lack of a standardized seed supply method and cultivation protocol among farmers in the Vessalico area, a need to identify garlic products that align with the Vessalico ecotype arises. In this study, an NMR-based approach followed by multivariate analysis to analyze the chemical composition of Vessalico garlic sourced from 17 different farms, along with its two French parent cultivars, was employed. Self-organizing maps allowed to identify a homogeneous subset of representative samples of the Vessalico ecotype. Through the OPLS-DA model, the most discriminant metabolites based on values of VIP (Variable Influence on Projections) were selected. Among them, S-allylcysteine emerged as a potential marker for distinguishing the Vessalico garlic from the French parent cultivars by NMR screening. Additionally, to promote sustainable agricultural practices, the potential of Vessalico garlic extracts and its main components as agrochemicals against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, responsible for black rot disease, was explored. The crude extract exhibited a MIC of 125 μg/mL, and allicin demonstrated the highest activity among the tested compounds (MIC value of 31.25 μg/mL).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Iobbi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (V.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Valentina Parisi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Anna Paola Lanteri
- CERSAA Centro di Sperimentazione e Assistenza Agricola, Regione Rollo 98, 17031 Albenga, Italy; (A.P.L.); (G.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Norbert Maggi
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Science, University of Genova, via Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genova, Italy; (N.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Mauro Giacomini
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Science, University of Genova, via Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genova, Italy; (N.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Giuliana Drava
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (V.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Giovanni Minuto
- CERSAA Centro di Sperimentazione e Assistenza Agricola, Regione Rollo 98, 17031 Albenga, Italy; (A.P.L.); (G.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Minuto
- CERSAA Centro di Sperimentazione e Assistenza Agricola, Regione Rollo 98, 17031 Albenga, Italy; (A.P.L.); (G.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Angela Bisio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (V.I.); (G.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hakalová E, Tekielska DA, Wohlmuth J, Čechová J. Management of bacterial blight of carrots by phenolic compounds treatment. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299105. [PMID: 38557606 PMCID: PMC10984397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial blight is a serious disease of carrot production worldwide. Under favorable conditions, the causal organism Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae causes serious loss especially in seed production because of its seed-borne character. Unlike fungal diseases, the treatment of bacterial diseases is limited and methods such as hot water or sodium hypochlorite (bleach) treatment are mainly used by seed companies. Here, we compared the efficacy of hot water treatment, sodium hypochlorite treatment and treatment with three phenolic compounds-carvacrol, thymol and eugenol, to eliminate Xanthomonas growth in vitro and subsequently in vivo on seeds of Xhc low, medium and highly infested carrot seed lots. The complete elimination of Xhc from germinated plants was obtained only for Xhc low infested seed lot with 1% sodium hypochlorite and carvacrol solutions in concentrations of 0.0196%- 0.313%. The significant reduction of Xhc presence in germinated plants of Xhc medium infested seed lot was achieved with 1% sodium hypochlorite treatment and hot water treatment. However, hot water treatment resulted in a significant reduction of seed germination percentage as well. Considering the elimination of Xhc infection from germinated plants and the effect on seed germination and plant vigor, 0.0196% carvacrol solution was suggested as an alternative to 1% sodium hypochlorite treatment regarding additional costs related to the liquidation of used treated water and to hot water treatment that has been proved to be insufficient to obtain disease-free plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Hakalová
- Mendeleum–Department of Genetics, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - Dorota A. Tekielska
- Mendeleum–Department of Genetics, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Wohlmuth
- Mendeleum–Department of Genetics, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Čechová
- Mendeleum–Department of Genetics, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang J, Dou J, Yue Z, Wang J, Chen T, Li J, Dai H, Dou T, Yu J, Liu Z. Effect of hydrogen sulfide on cabbage photosynthesis under black rot stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108453. [PMID: 38417309 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as a potential gaseous signaling molecule, is involved in mediating biotic and abiotic stress in plants. Currently, there are no studies investigating the mechanism by which H2S improves photosynthesis under black rot (BR) stress caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. Campestris (Xcc). In this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous H2S on Xcc induced photosynthetic impairment in cabbage seedlings. BR has an inhibitory effect on the photosynthetic ability of cabbage seedlings. Xcc infection can significantly reduce the chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence, Calvin cycle related enzyme activity and gene expression in cabbage leaves. The use of H2S can alleviate this inhibitory effect, reduce chlorophyll decomposition, improve gas exchange, enhance the activity of Calvin cycle related enzymes, and increase the expression of related genes. Transcriptome analysis showed that all differential genes related to photosynthesis were up regulated under H2S treatment compared to normal inoculation. Therefore, spraying exogenous H2S can improve the photosynthetic capacity of cabbage seedlings, reduce Xcc induced photoinhibition, and improve plant resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jianhua Dou
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Zhibin Yue
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jue Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Tongyan Chen
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jinbao Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Haojie Dai
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Tingting Dou
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Zeci Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Evseev PV, Tarakanov RI, Vo HTN, Suzina NE, Vasilyeva AA, Ignatov AN, Miroshnikov KA, Dzhalilov FSU. Characterisation of New Foxunavirus Phage Murka with the Potential of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris Control. Viruses 2024; 16:198. [PMID: 38399973 PMCID: PMC10892653 DOI: 10.3390/v16020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Phages of phytopathogenic bacteria are considered to be promising agents for the biological control of bacterial diseases in plants. This paper reports on the isolation and characterisation of a new Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris phage, Murka. Phage morphology and basic kinetic characteristics of the infection were determined, and a phylogenomic analysis was performed. The phage was able to lyse a reasonably broad range (64%, 9 of the 14 of the Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris strains used in the study) of circulating strains of the cabbage black rot pathogen. This lytic myovirus has a DNA genome of 44,044 bp and contains 83 predicted genes. Taxonomically, it belongs to the genus Foxunavirus. This bacteriophage is promising for use as a possible means of biological control of cabbage black rot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter V. Evseev
- Department of Plant Protection, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Str. 49, 127434 Moscow, Russia; (P.V.E.); (A.A.V.); (A.N.I.); (K.A.M.); (F.S.-U.D.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rashit I. Tarakanov
- Department of Plant Protection, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Str. 49, 127434 Moscow, Russia; (P.V.E.); (A.A.V.); (A.N.I.); (K.A.M.); (F.S.-U.D.)
| | - Ha T. N. Vo
- Faculty of Agronomy, Nong Lam University, Quarter 6, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City 721400, Vietnam;
| | - Natalia E. Suzina
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Prosp. Nauki, 5, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
| | - Anna A. Vasilyeva
- Department of Plant Protection, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Str. 49, 127434 Moscow, Russia; (P.V.E.); (A.A.V.); (A.N.I.); (K.A.M.); (F.S.-U.D.)
| | - Alexander N. Ignatov
- Department of Plant Protection, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Str. 49, 127434 Moscow, Russia; (P.V.E.); (A.A.V.); (A.N.I.); (K.A.M.); (F.S.-U.D.)
- Agrobiotechnology Department, Agrarian and Technological Institute, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin A. Miroshnikov
- Department of Plant Protection, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Str. 49, 127434 Moscow, Russia; (P.V.E.); (A.A.V.); (A.N.I.); (K.A.M.); (F.S.-U.D.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Fevzi S.-U. Dzhalilov
- Department of Plant Protection, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Str. 49, 127434 Moscow, Russia; (P.V.E.); (A.A.V.); (A.N.I.); (K.A.M.); (F.S.-U.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kolozsváriné Nagy J, Móricz ÁM, Böszörményi A, Ambrus Á, Schwarczinger I. Antibacterial effect of essential oils and their components against Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni revealed by microdilution and direct bioautographic assays. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1204027. [PMID: 37389207 PMCID: PMC10303133 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1204027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial spot of stone fruits caused by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (Xap) is one of the most significant diseases of several Prunus species. Disease outbreaks can result in severe economic losses while the control options are limited. Antibacterial efficacy of essential oils (EOs) of thyme, cinnamon, clove, rosemary, tea tree, eucalyptus, lemon grass, citronella grass, and lemon balm was assessed against two Hungarian Xap isolates. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by broth microdilution assay and for the identification of active EOs' components a newly introduced high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)-Xap (direct bioautography) method combined with solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS) was applied. All EOs inhibited both bacterium isolates, but cinnamon proved to be the most effective EO with MIC values of 31.25 µg/mL and 62.5 µg/mL, respectively. Compounds in the antibacterial HPTLC zones were identified as thymol in thyme, trans-cinnamaldehyde in cinnamon, eugenol in clove, borneol in rosemary, terpinen-4-ol in tea tree, citral (neral and geranial) in lemon grass and lemon balm, and citronellal and nerol in citronella grass. Regarding active compounds, thymol had the highest efficiency with a MIC value of 50 µg/mL. Antibacterial effects of EOs have already been proven for several Xanthomonas species, but to our knowledge, the studied EOs, except for lemon grass and eucalyptus, were tested for the first time against Xap. Furthermore, in case of Xap, this is the first report demonstrating that direct bioautography is a fast and suitable method for screening anti-Xap components of complex matrices, like EOs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judit Kolozsváriné Nagy
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes M. Móricz
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Böszörményi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Ambrus
- Plant Health Bacteriological Diagnostic National Reference Laboratory, Food Chain Safety Laboratory Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Schwarczinger
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lin H, Liang Y, Kaliaperumal K, Xiong Q, Duan S, Jiang Y, Zhang J. Linoleic acid from the endophytic fungus Diaporthe sp. HT-79 inhibits the growth of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri by destructing the cell membrane and producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:105423. [PMID: 37105613 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Citrus canker disease caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xac) severely influences the quality and quantity of citrus fruits. The current management of this disease mainly relies on the application of copper-associated chemicals, which poses a threat to human health and the environment. The present study isolated an endophytic fungus HT-79 from the healthy navel orange tree, whose crude fermentation product significantly inhibited the growth of Xac. The strain HT-79 was identified as a species of the Diaporthe genus. The petroleum ether extract (PEE) of the crude fermentation product of HT-79 exhibited remarkable activity against Xac with a MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) value of 0.0625 mg/mL, significantly better than the positive control CuSO4 (MIC = 0.125 mg/mL). Bioassay-guided isolation of PEE resulted in the discovery of one highly potent anti-Xac subfraction, namely fraction 5 (MIC = 0.0156 mg/mL). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that fraction 5 mainly consisted of palmitic acid (18.17%), ethyl palmitate (15.66%), linoleic acid (6.80%), oleic acid (18.32%), ethyl linoleate (21.58%), ethyl oleate (15.87%), and ethyl stearate (3.60%). Among these seven compounds, linoleic acid (MIC = 0.0078 mg/mL) was found to be the most potent against Xac, followed by oleic acid (MIC = 0.0156 mg/mL), while all others were less pronounced than CuSO4. Linoleic acid highly inhibited the growth of Xac via the destruction of the cell membrane and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A preliminary in vivo experiment revealed that linoleic acid was effective in the control of citrus canker disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yan Liang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Kumaravel Kaliaperumal
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Qin Xiong
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Shuo Duan
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
| |
Collapse
|