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Bhowmick S, Rai G, Mishra SK, Bisht N, Chauhan PS. Bio-stimulants from medicinally and nutritionally significant plant extracts mitigate drought adversities in Zea mays through enhanced physiological, biochemical, and antioxidant activities. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108396. [PMID: 38310727 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Drought stress poses a substantial threat to global plant productivity amid increasing population and rising agricultural demand. To overcome this problem, the utilization of organic plant growth ingredients aligns with the emphasis on eco-friendly farming practices. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the influence of 30 botanical extracts on seed germination, seedling vigor, and subsequent maize plant growth under normal and water deficit conditions. Specifically, eight extracts showed significant enhancement in agronomical parameters (ranging from ∼2 % to ∼ 183 %) and photosynthetic pigments (ranging from ∼21 % to ∼ 195 %) of seedlings under drought conditions. Extended tests on maize in a greenhouse setting confirmed that the application of six extracts viz Moringa oleifera leaf (MLE), bark (MBE), Terminalia arjuna leaf (ALE), bark (ABE), Aegel marmelos leaf (BLE), and Phyllanthus niruri leaf (AmLE) improved plant growth and drought tolerance, as evident in improved physio-biochemical parameters. GC-MS analysis of the selected extracts unveiled a total of 51 bioactive compounds, including sugars, sugar alcohols, organic acids, and amino acids, and might be playing pivotal roles in plant acclimatization to drought stress. In conclusion, MLE, MBE, BLE, and ABE extracts exhibit significant potential for enhancing seedling establishment and growth in maize under both normal and water deficit conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiuly Bhowmick
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India
| | - Gauri Rai
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India
| | - Shashank Kumar Mishra
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India
| | - Nikita Bisht
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India
| | - Puneet Singh Chauhan
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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Salsinha YCF, Rini DS, Indradewa D, Rachmawati D, Alam T, Purwestri YA. Exogenously applied Casuarina equisetifolia leaf extracts act as an osmoprotectant on proline accumulation under drought stress in local rice from Indonesia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1210241. [PMID: 37600188 PMCID: PMC10437820 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1210241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The effects of exogenously supplied osmoprotectants in crops have not yet been extensively studied. In this study, an osmoprotectant containing a high concentration of proline (2.5 g mol-1 FW) was obtained from a Casuarina equisetifolia leaf extract. The effect of the extract was evaluated in local Indonesian rice cultivars Boawae Seratus Malam (BSM), Gogo Jak (GJ), Situ Bagendit (SB) (drought-tolerant), Kisol Manggarai (KM) and Ciherang (drought-susceptible) cultivars under drought at the morphological, physiological, and genetic levels. Under drought, the KM showed an increased level of OsWRKY, OsNAC, OsDREB1A, and OsDREB2A expression after application of the osmoprotectant, leading to the activation of proline synthesis genes including OsP5CS1, OsP5CR, and OsProDH, while the tolerant cultivars (BSM, GJ, and SB) showed no difference. The content of chlorophyll, carotenoids, anthocyanins, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities also increased in GJ and KM, during drought stress and applied osmoprotectants, but remained low in the BSM. We conclude that the foliar application of osmoprotectants derived from C.equisetifolia caused an accumulation of proline in susceptible plants. The existence of these extracts stabilizes leaf cells and supports photosynthetic compartments and carbon assimilation in plants, leading to growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yustina Carolina Febrianti Salsinha
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Setyo Rini
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Didik Indradewa
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Diah Rachmawati
- Department of Tropical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Taufan Alam
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yekti Asih Purwestri
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Tropical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Mockevičiūtė R, Jurkonienė S, Šveikauskas V, Zareyan M, Jankovska-Bortkevič E, Jankauskienė J, Kozeko L, Gavelienė V. Probiotics, Proline and Calcium Induced Protective Responses of Triticum aestivum under Drought Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1301. [PMID: 36986989 PMCID: PMC10051984 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In order to increase plants tolerance to drought, the idea of treating them with stress-protecting compounds exogenously is being considered. In this study, we aimed to evaluate and compare the impact of exogenous calcium, proline, and plant probiotics on the response of winter wheat to drought stress. The research was carried out under controlled conditions, simulating a prolonged drought from 6 to 18 days. Seedlings were treated with ProbioHumus 2 µL g-1 for seed priming, 1 mL 100 mL-1 for seedling spraying, and proline 1 mM according to the scheme. 70 g m-2 CaCO3 was added to the soil. All tested compounds improved the prolonged drought tolerance of winter wheat. ProbioHumus, ProbioHumus + Ca had the greatest effect on maintaining the relative leaf water content (RWC) and in maintaining growth parameters close to those of irrigated plants. They delayed and reduced the stimulation of ethylene emission in drought-stressed leaves. Seedlings treated with ProbioHumus and ProbioHumus + Ca had a significantly lower degree of membrane damage induced by ROS. Molecular studies of drought-responsive genes revealed substantially lower expression of Ca and Probiotics + Ca treated plants vs. drought control. The results of this study showed that the use of probiotics in combination with Ca can activate defense reactions that can compensate for the adverse effects of drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Mockevičiūtė
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sigita Jurkonienė
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vaidevutis Šveikauskas
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mariam Zareyan
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Jurga Jankauskienė
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Liudmyla Kozeko
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tereshchenkivska Str. 2, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Virgilija Gavelienė
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Integral effects of brassinosteroids and timber waste biochar enhances the drought tolerance capacity of wheat plant. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12842. [PMID: 35896783 PMCID: PMC9329315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16866-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought stress is among the major threats that affect negatively crop productivity in arid and semi-arid regions. Probably, application of some additives such as biochar and/or brassinosteroids could mitigate this stress; however, the mechanism beyond the interaction of these two applications is not well inspected. Accordingly, a greenhouse experiment was conducted on wheat (a strategic crop) grown under deficit irrigation levels (factor A) i.e., 35% of the water holding capacity (WHC) versus 75% of WHC for 35 days while considering the following additives, i.e., (1) biochar [BC, factor B, 0, 2%] and (2) the foliar application of 24-epibrassinolide [BR, factor C, 0 (control treatment, C), 1 (BR1) or 3 (BR2) μmol)]. All treatments were replicated trice and the obtained results were statistically analyzed via the analyses of variance. Also, heat-map conceits between measured variables were calculated using the Python software. Key results indicate that drought stress led to significant reductions in all studied vegetative growth parameters (root and shoot biomasses) and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and total contents) while raised the levels of oxidative stress indicators. However, with the application of BC and/or BR, significance increases occurred in the growth attributes of wheat plants, its photosynthetic pigments, especially the combined additions. They also upraised the levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants while decreased stress indicators. Furthermore, they increased calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) content within plants. It can therefore be deduced that the integral application of BR and BC is essential to mitigate drought stress in plants.
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