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Akbar A, Gul Z, Hussain N, Al Haddad AHI, Khan NA, Sadiq MB, Sher H. High throughput biochemical profiling, and functional potential analysis for valorization of grape peduncles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8328. [PMID: 37221193 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34893-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitis vinifera L., commonly known as grape is a major fruit crop in the world. Grapes seem to confer health benefits due to their chemical components, biological and antioxidant activities. The present study is conducted to evaluate the biochemical constituents, antioxidant, and antimicrobial potential of ethanolic grape peduncles (EGP) extract. The result of phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of various phytochemicals such as flavonoid, tannin, carbohydrates, alkaloids, cardiac glycoside, phenol, steroid, terpenoids, quinones and anthraquinones. Furthermore, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) were 7.35 ± 0.25 mg GAE/g (Gallic Acid Equivalent per gram) and 29.67 ± 0.13 mg QE/g (Quercetin Equivalent per gram) respectively. DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay revealed IC50 = 159.3 μg/mL. The antibacterial and antifungal study disclosed that the extract was highly potent against Salmonella typhi with maximum zone of inhibition of 27.2 ± 1.60 mm and Epidermophyton floccosum with 74 ± 1.81% inhibition. The extract was analyzed for its cytotoxicity and antileishmanial activity and showed no activity against HeLa cell line and promastigotes of Leishmania major. Elements Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Cd were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy and approximately 50 compounds were identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Current work suggest that grape peduncles can be a promising source of bioactive medicinal component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, 87300, Balochistan, Pakistan.
| | - Zareen Gul
- Department of Microbiology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, 87300, Balochistan, Pakistan
- Department of Botany, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, UAE
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Amal H I Al Haddad
- Chief Operations Office, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City (SSMC) in Partnership with Mayo Clinic, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Nazir Ahmad Khan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Sadiq
- KAM School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Sher
- Centre for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Charbagh, 19120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Wan S, Liu Q, Yang D, Guo P, Gao Y, Mo R, Zhang Y. Characterization of high amylose corn starch-cinnamaldehyde inclusion films for food packaging. Food Chem 2023; 403:134219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Investigation of Anti-Inflammatory Properties, Phytochemical Constituents, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Potentials of the Whole Plant Ethanolic Extract of Achillea santolinoides subsp. wilhelmsii (K. Koch) Greuter of Balochistan. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/2567333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are rich source of phytochemical constitutes and can be used to treat many human diseases. Infectious diseases have always been a major source of concern. Globally, the medicinal plant Achillea wilhelmsii locally known as Bohe Madran is extensively dispersed and widely used as traditional medicine. The aim of this present work is to investigate phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of the whole plant ethanolic extract of Achillea santolinoides subsp. wilhelmsii (WEEAW) from Balochistan region. The total phenolic content was
mg GAE/g of the extract whereas the total flavonoid content was
mg QE/g of the extract. The antioxidant ability of the extract was analyzed by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) scavenging assay and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assay in terms of concentration having 50% inhibition (IC50). Results showed that IC50 value for DPPH% inhibition was
mg/mL while FRAP assay represented with IC50 value of
mg/mL. In antileishmanial bioassay, the extract was analyzed against Leishmania major and showed good activity with IC50 value of
mg/mL. Antibacterial assay revealed that Staphylococcus aureus was highly sensitive with the diameter of inhibition zone (
mm) followed by Salmonella typhi (
mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (
mm), and Escherichia coli (
mm) while Klebsiella pneumoniae showed minimum inhibition (
mm). Antifungal activity was tested against Aspergillus flavus with 89% of inhibition zone and 77% against Mucor mucedo and Aspergillus niger with 74% of inhibition zone. The anti-inflammatory assay was carried out by inhibiting protein denaturation, proteinase inhibitory activity, and heat-induced hemolysis. The IC50 value for protein denaturation was
mg/mL, proteinase inhibitory with IC50 value of
mg/mL, and heat-induced hemolysis assay with IC50 value
mg/mL by comparing to the standard drug aspirin having IC50 value
mg/mL. Results of the current work showed that whole plant ethanolic extract of Achillea wilhelmsii exhibited substantial anti-inflammatory action, thus can be utilized as a traditional treatment. Furthermore, overall finding of this research suggested that the antioxidant potential of the plant aids to prevent free radical damage and reduce the incidence of chronic disease. More research is needed to find out more active compounds present in the extract that are responsible for their pharmacological effects.
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Hospital Acquired Pathogenic Escherichia coli from Clinical and Hospital Water Samples of Quetta Balochistan. J Trop Med 2022; 2022:6495044. [PMID: 36274748 PMCID: PMC9584739 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6495044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to determine the prevalence and drug resistance of Escherichia coli present in urinary tract infected patients and hospital drinking water. A total of eighty urine samples from clinically suspected patients and thirty tap water samples from hospital vicinity were collected and analyzed for the presence of E. coli. The isolates were preliminary identified based on morphological characteristics, biochemical test and further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using uidA primer. Isolates were subjected to antibiogram studies and analyzed for the presence of drug resistance (ESBL blaCTX-M-15, tetA, and TMP-SMX dfrA1) and pathogenicity associated pyelonephritis-associated pili (PAP) and Heat-labile (LT) toxin genes. Urine samples 19/80 (23.75%) and water samples 8/30 (26.7%) were found contaminated with E. coli. It was found that 12/19 (63%) bacterial isolates were extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers in clinical and 6/8 (75%) in water isolates whereas tetracycline resistance in clinical and water isolates was 11/19 (58%) and 6/8 (75%), respectively. The trimethoprim resistance gene was confirmed in 12/19 (63%) in clinical and 2/8 (25%) in water isolates. All the clinical and water isolates were found carrying pili PAP gene. It was concluded that the presence of drug resistant and pathogenic E. coli in clinical and water samples is extremely alarming for public health due to cross contamination and bacterial transfer from clinical samples to water and vice versa.
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Bio-Functional Potential and Biochemical Properties of Propolis Collected from Different Regions of Balochistan Province of Pakistan. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7585406. [PMID: 36246402 PMCID: PMC9556192 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7585406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Propolis is a well-known resinous natural substance collected by honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) from plants exudations. Variations in chemical composition of propolis are due to different sources from which it is collected and change in climate and geographical location. In this study, different propolis samples were collected from different regions of Balochistan and examined for its chemical composition, total phenolics and total flavonoid contents, and antioxidant potential by using DPPH radical scavenging assay and antimicrobial activity. Bioactive components analysis revealed the presence of steroids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, coumarins, cardiac glycosides, quinones, anthraquinones, terpenoids, tannins, and phlobatannins at different levels. The total phenolics contents were ranged from
to
mg GAE g-1, and flavonoid contents were found to be
to
mg QE g-1, respectively. The antioxidant ability of each extract was analyzed by their concentration having 50% inhibition (
). The propolis sample P3 possessed lower
mg mL−1 with higher % inhibition of DPPH radical, and P8 showed lower % inhibition by having
mg mL−1. The antibacterial activity of all samples was analyzed against a wide group of bacteria including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumonia and propolis extract (P4) was highly active against Klebsiella pneumoniae with the maximum diameter of zone of inhibition
mm, and propolis extract (P3) showed maximum zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli
while propolis extract (P2) was found less active with minimum diameter of zone of inhibition
. The antifungal activity of extract was considered as active against the fungal species. Propolis extract (P3) showed 82% of zone of inhibition against Aspergillus Niger, and propolis extract (P1) was highly active against Aspergillus parasiticus with 80% of zone of inhibition. By comparing the vibration frequencies in wave numbers of the sample spectrograph acquired from an FTIR spectrophotometer, the functional groups present in the extracts were identified. The presence of seven elements (Fe, Zn, Mn, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Cr) was analyzed through atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The obtained concentrations were within the permissible ranges established by the World Health Organization. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 80 different compounds belonged to different classes. The obtained results confirmed the imperative potential of propolis which can be used in various biological applications.
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El-Zahar KM, Al-Jamaan ME, Al-Mutairi FR, Al-Hudiab AM, Al-Einzi MS, Mohamed AAZ. Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Activities of the Ethanolic Extract Obtained from Berberis vulgaris Roots and Leaves. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27186114. [PMID: 36144846 PMCID: PMC9503718 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This work assessed the phenolic and flavonoid components and their antioxidant, antifungal, and antibacterial effects in the ethanolic extract of barberry leaf and roots. The antibactericidal activity of root and leaf extracts against pathogenic bacteria was tested using agar diffusion and microdilution broth production for the lowest inhibitory concentration (MIC). Berberis vulgaris root and leaf extracts inhibited Staphylococcus aureus ATCC9973, Escherichia coli HB101, Staphylococcus enteritis, and Escherichia coli Cip812. The disc assay technique was used to assess the bactericidal activity of the extracts versus both pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. Hydro alcoholic extract was more effective against bacterial than fungal strains. The results showed that Berberis vulgaris leaf and roots extract had similar antifungal activities. Berberis vulgaris root extract inhibited the mycelial growth of Penicillium verrucosum, Fusarium proliferatum, Aspergillus ochraceous, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus flavus. Berberis vulgaris root extract has excellent antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal effects. Berberis vulgaris exhibited antimicrobial activity in vitro, and MIC showed that Berberis vulgaris parts efficiently affected pathogens in vitro. In conclusion, both Berberis vulgaris roots and leaves have considerable antibacterial activity and can be used as a source of antibacterial, antioxidant, and bioactive compounds to benefit human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Meghawry El-Zahar
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44511 Zagazig, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: 00966-16380-16228; Fax: 00966-16380-1360
| | - Mubarak Eid Al-Jamaan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Rasmi Al-Mutairi
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah Mohamed Al-Hudiab
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Saleh Al-Einzi
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
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High Throughput Screening for Bioactive Components of Berberis baluchistanica Ahrendt Root and Their Functional Potential Assessment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1746116. [PMID: 35928917 PMCID: PMC9345709 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1746116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Berberis baluchistanica Ahrendt is a medicinal plant potentially known for the treatment of different diseases. The bioactive, antioxidant, nutritional components, and antimicrobial properties of crude ethanolic root extract of Berberis baluchistanica were evaluated in this study. The extract was analyzed for total phenolic, flavonoid, DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) scavenging ability, FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), nutritional, and antimicrobial potentials. The alkaloids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones, coumarin, saponins, phenolics, flavonoids, steroids, and terpenoids were confirmed. The extract possessed DPPH radical inhibition with the IC50 of 1.125 mg/mL and FRAP % reduction activity with IC50 (0.912 mg/mL). Total phenolic
GAE/g and flavonoid
QE/g contents were confirmed in the root. The extracts exhibit good antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of food borne pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. The highest inhibitory activity was against Escherichia coli
and lowest against Klebsiella pneumoniae
. Furthermore, the presence of various phytochemical constituents (plant secondary metabolites) was also confirmed with gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy analysis. Results disclosed the occurrence of more than 70 compounds possessing various medicinal properties supporting the traditional uses of root of Berberis baluchistanica in various medical complications indigenously.
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