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Najjari A, Jabberi M, Chérif SF, Cherif A, Ouzari HI, Linares-Pastén JA, Sghaier H. Genome and pan-genome analysis of a new exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium Pyschrobacillus sp. isolated from iron ores deposit and insights into iron uptake. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1440081. [PMID: 39238887 PMCID: PMC11376405 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1440081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) have emerged as one of the key players in the field of heavy metal-contaminated environmental bioremediation. This study aimed to characterize and evaluate the metal biosorption potential of EPS produced by a novel Psychrobacillus strain, NEAU-3TGS, isolated from an iron ore deposit at Tamra iron mine, northern Tunisia. Genomic and pan-genomic analysis of NEAU-3TGS bacterium with nine validated published Psychrobacillus species was also performed. The results showed that the NEAU-3TGS genome (4.48 Mb) had a mean GC content of 36%, 4,243 coding sequences and 14 RNA genes. Phylogenomic analysis and calculation of nucleotide identity (ANI) values (less than 95% for new species with all strains) confirmed that NEAU-3TGS represents a potential new species. Pangenomic analysis revealed that Psychrobacillus genomic diversity represents an "open" pangenome model with 33,091 homologous genes, including 65 core, 3,738 shell, and 29,288 cloud genes. Structural EPS characterization by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy showed uronic acid and α-1,4-glycosidic bonds as dominant components of the EPS. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the presence of chitin, chitosan, and calcite CaCO3 and confirmed the amorphous nature of the EPS. Heavy metal bioabsorption assessment showed that iron and lead were more adsorbed than copper and cadmium. Notably, the optimum activity was observed at 37°C, pH=7 and after 3 h contact of EPS with each metal. Genomic insights on iron acquisition and metabolism in Psychrobacillus sp. NEAU-3TGS suggested that no genes involved in siderophore biosynthesis were found, and only the gene cluster FeuABCD and trilactone hydrolase genes involved in the uptake of siderophores, iron transporter and exporter are present. Molecular modelling and docking of FeuA (protein peptidoglycan siderophore-binding protein) and siderophores ferrienterobactine [Fe+3 (ENT)]-3 and ferribacillibactine [Fe+3 (BB)]-3 ligand revealed that [Fe+3 (ENT)]-3 binds to Phe122, Lys127, Ile100, Gln314, Arg215, Arg217, and Gln252. Almost the same for [Fe+3 (ENT)]-3 in addition to Cys222 and Tyr229, but not Ile100.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the characterization of EPS and the adsorption of heavy metals by Psychrobacillus species. The heavy metal removal capabilities may be advantageous for using these organisms in metal remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afef Najjari
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biomolécules Actives (LR03ES03), Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Jabberi
- Laboratory "Energy and Matter for Development of Nuclear Sciences" (LR16CNSTN02), National Center for Nuclear Sciences and Technology (CNSTN), Sidi Thabet Technopark, Ariana, Tunisia
- ISBST, LR11-ES31 BVBGR, University of Manouba, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Lab of Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Risks Related to Environmental Stress, Struggle and Prevention (UR17ES20), University of Carthage, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Saïda Fatma Chérif
- Laboratoire de Matériaux, Cristallochimie et Thermodynamique Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Institut Préparatoire aux Etudes d'Ingénieurs-El Manar, Université de Tunis El Manar, El Manar II, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ameur Cherif
- ISBST, LR11-ES31 BVBGR, University of Manouba, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Hadda Imene Ouzari
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biomolécules Actives (LR03ES03), Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Javier A Linares-Pastén
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Lunds Tekniska Högskola (LTH), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Haitham Sghaier
- Laboratory "Energy and Matter for Development of Nuclear Sciences" (LR16CNSTN02), National Center for Nuclear Sciences and Technology (CNSTN), Sidi Thabet Technopark, Ariana, Tunisia
- ISBST, LR11-ES31 BVBGR, University of Manouba, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
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He X, Lu H, Fu J, Zhou H, Qian X, Qiao Y. Promotion of direct electron transfer between Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 and carbon fiber electrodes via in situ growth of α-Fe 2O 3 nanoarray. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1407800. [PMID: 38939188 PMCID: PMC11208625 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1407800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The iron transport system plays a crucial role in the extracellular electron transfer process of Shewanella sp. In this study, we fabricated a vertically oriented α-Fe2O3 nanoarray on carbon cloth to enhance interfacial electron transfer in Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 microbial fuel cells. The incorporation of the α-Fe2O3 nanoarray not only resulted in a slight increase in flavin content but also significantly enhanced biofilm loading, leading to an eight-fold higher maximum power density compared to plain carbon cloth. Through expression level analyses of electron transfer-related genes in the outer membrane and core genes in the iron transport system, we propose that the α-Fe2O3 nanoarray can serve as an electron mediator, facilitating direct electron transfer between the bacteria and electrodes. This finding provides important insights into the potential application of iron-containing oxide electrodes in the design of microbial fuel cells and other bioelectrochemical systems, highlighting the role of α-Fe2O3 in promoting direct electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu He
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang, China
| | - Jingjing Fu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Huang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xingchan Qian
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yan Qiao
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Xie B, Wei X, Wan C, Zhao W, Song R, Xin S, Song K. Exploring the Biological Pathways of Siderophores and Their Multidisciplinary Applications: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2024; 29:2318. [PMID: 38792179 PMCID: PMC11123847 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Siderophores are a class of small molecules renowned for their high iron binding capacity, essential for all life forms requiring iron. This article provides a detailed review of the diverse classifications, and biosynthetic pathways of siderophores, with a particular emphasis on siderophores synthesized via nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and non-NRPS pathways. We further explore the secretion mechanisms of siderophores in microbes and plants, and their role in regulating bioavailable iron levels. Beyond biological functions, the applications of siderophores in medicine, agriculture, and environmental sciences are extensively discussed. These applications include biological pest control, disease treatment, ecological pollution remediation, and heavy metal ion removal. Through a comprehensive analysis of the chemical properties and biological activities of siderophores, this paper demonstrates their wide prospects in scientific research and practical applications, while also highlighting current research gaps and potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shuquan Xin
- School of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China; (B.X.); (X.W.); (C.W.); (W.Z.); (R.S.)
| | - Kai Song
- School of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China; (B.X.); (X.W.); (C.W.); (W.Z.); (R.S.)
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Xie P, Xu Y, Tang J, Wu S, Gao H. Multifaceted regulation of siderophore synthesis by multiple regulatory systems in Shewanella oneidensis. Commun Biol 2024; 7:498. [PMID: 38664541 PMCID: PMC11045786 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Siderophore-dependent iron uptake is a mechanism by which microorganisms scavenge and utilize iron for their survival, growth, and many specialized activities, such as pathogenicity. The siderophore biosynthetic system PubABC in Shewanella can synthesize a series of distinct siderophores, yet how it is regulated in response to iron availability remains largely unexplored. Here, by whole genome screening we identify TCS components histidine kinase (HK) BarA and response regulator (RR) SsoR as positive regulators of siderophore biosynthesis. While BarA partners with UvrY to mediate expression of pubABC post-transcriptionally via the Csr regulatory cascade, SsoR is an atypical orphan RR of the OmpR/PhoB subfamily that activates transcription in a phosphorylation-independent manner. By combining structural analysis and molecular dynamics simulations, we observe conformational changes in OmpR/PhoB-like RRs that illustrate the impact of phosphorylation on dynamic properties, and that SsoR is locked in the 'phosphorylated' state found in phosphorylation-dependent counterparts of the same subfamily. Furthermore, we show that iron homeostasis global regulator Fur, in addition to mediating transcription of its own regulon, acts as the sensor of iron starvation to increase SsoR production when needed. Overall, this study delineates an intricate, multi-tiered transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory network that governs siderophore biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilu Xie
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yuanyou Xu
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Jiaxin Tang
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Shihua Wu
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Haichun Gao
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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Niu M, Sui Z, Jiang G, Wang L, Yao X, Hu Y. The Mutation of the DNA-Binding Domain of Fur Protein Enhances the Pathogenicity of Edwardsiella piscicida via Inducing Overpowering Pyroptosis. Microorganisms 2023; 12:11. [PMID: 38276180 PMCID: PMC10821184 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Edwardsiella piscicida is an important fish pathogen with a broad host that causes substantial economic losses in the aquaculture industry. Ferric uptake regulator (Fur) is a global transcriptional regulator and contains two typical domains, the DNA-binding domain and dimerization domain. In a previous study, we obtained a mutant strain of full-length fur of E. piscicida, TX01Δfur, which displayed increased siderophore production and stress resistance factors and decreased pathogenicity. To further reveal the regulatory mechanism of Fur, the DNA-binding domain (N-terminal) of Fur was knocked out in this study and the mutant was named TX01Δfur2. We found that TX01Δfur2 displayed increased siderophore production and enhanced adversity tolerance, including a low pH, manganese, and high temperature stress, which was consistent with the phenotype of TX01Δfur. Contrary to TX01Δfur, whose virulence was weakened, TX01Δfur2 displayed an ascended invasion of nonphagocytic cells and enhanced destruction of phagocytes via inducing overpowering or uncontrollable pyroptosis, which was confirmed by the fact that TX01Δfur2 induced higher levels of cytotoxicity, IL-1β, and p10 in macrophages than TX01. More importantly, TX01Δfur2 displayed an increased global virulence to the host, which was confirmed by the result that TX01Δfur2 caused higher lethality outcomes for healthy tilapias than TX01. These results demonstrate that the mutation of the Fur N-terminal domain augments the resistance level against the stress and pathogenicity of E. piscicida, which is not dependent on the bacterial number in host cells or host tissues, although the capabilities of biofilm formation and the motility of TX01Δfur2 decline. These interesting findings provide a new insight into the functional analysis of Fur concerning the regulation of virulence in E. piscicida and prompt us to explore the subtle regulation mechanism of Fur in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (G.J.); (L.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhihai Sui
- School of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China;
| | - Guoquan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (G.J.); (L.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (G.J.); (L.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xuemei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
- School of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yonghua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (G.J.); (L.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Haikou 571101, China
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6
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Zang Y, Cao B, Zhao H, Xie B, Ge Y, Liu H, Yi Y. Mechanism and applications of bidirectional extracellular electron transfer of Shewanella. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:1863-1877. [PMID: 37787043 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00224a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemically active microorganisms (EAMs) play an important role in the fields of environment and energy. Shewanella is the most common EAM. Research into Shewanella contributes to a deeper comprehension of EAMs and expands practical applications. In this review, the outward and inward extracellular electron transfer (EET) mechanisms of Shewanella are summarized and the roles of riboflavin in outward and inward EET are compared. Then, four methods for the enhancement of EET performance are discussed, focusing on riboflavin, intracellular reducing force, biofilm formation and substrate spectrum, respectively. Finally, the applications of Shewanella in the environment are classified, and the restrictions are discussed. Potential solutions and promising prospects for Shewanella are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Zang
- Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
- International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bo Cao
- Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
- International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
- International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Beizhen Xie
- Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
- International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanhong Ge
- Infore Environment Technology Group, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
- International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yue Yi
- School of Life, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Zhang Y, Pan M, Wang Q, Wang L, Liao L. Complete Genome Sequence and Pan-Genome Analysis of Shewanella oncorhynchi Z-P2, a Siderophore Putrebactin-Producing Bacterium. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2961. [PMID: 38138105 PMCID: PMC10745600 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we reported the complete genome sequence of Shewanella oncorhynchi for the first time. S. oncorhynchi Z-P2 is a bacterium that produces the siderophore putrebactin. Its genome consists of a circular chromosome of 5,034,612 bp with a G + C content of 45.4%. A total of 4544 protein-coding genes, 109 tRNAs and 31 rRNAs were annotated by the RAST. Five non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and polyketide synthetase (PKS) gene clusters were identified by the antiSMASH analysis. The pan-genome analysis of Z-P2 and 10 Shewanella putrefaciens revealed 9228 pan-gene clusters and 2681 core gene clusters, with Z-P2 having 618 unique gene clusters. Additionally, the gene cluster involved in putrebactin biosynthesis in Z-P2 was annotated, and the mechanism of putrebactin biosynthesis was analyzed. The putrebactin produced by Z-P2 was detected using UPLC-MS analysis, with an [M + H]+ molecular ion at m/z 373.21. These findings provide valuable support for further research on the genetic engineering of putrebactin biosynthetic genes of Z-P2 and their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Logistics Technology for Agro-Product, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agro-Product Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (Y.Z.); (L.W.)
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (M.P.); (Q.W.)
| | - Mengjie Pan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (M.P.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qiaoyun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (M.P.); (Q.W.)
| | - Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Logistics Technology for Agro-Product, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agro-Product Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (Y.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Li Liao
- Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Logistics Technology for Agro-Product, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agro-Product Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (Y.Z.); (L.W.)
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Hajiagha MN, Kafil HS. Efflux pumps and microbial biofilm formation. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023:105459. [PMID: 37271271 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm-related infections are resistant forms of pathogens that are regarded as a medical problem, particularly due to the spread of multiple drug resistance. One of the factors associated with biofilm drug resistance is the presence of various types of efflux pumps in bacteria. Efflux pumps also play a role in biofilm formation by influencing Physical-chemical interactions, mobility, gene regulation, quorum sensing (QS), extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and toxic compound extrusion. According to the findings of studies based on efflux pump expression analysis, their role in the anatomical position within the biofilm will differ depending on the biofilm formation stage, encoding gene expression level, the type and concentration of substrate. In some cases, the function of the efflux pumps can overlap with each other, so it seems necessary to accurate identify the efflux pumps of biofilm-forming bacteria along with their function in this process. Such studies will help to choose treatment strategy, at least in combination with antibiotics. Furthermore, if the goal of treatment is an efflux pump manipulation, we should not limit it to inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdyeh Neghabi Hajiagha
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Abuyen K, El-Naggar MY. Soluble Iron Enhances Extracellular Electron Uptake by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. ChemElectroChem 2023; 10:e202200965. [PMID: 37649707 PMCID: PMC10465110 DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular electron transfer (EET) is a process that microorganisms use to reduce or oxidize external insoluble electron acceptors or donors. Much of our mechanistic understanding of this process is derived from studies of transmembrane cytochrome complexes and extracellular redox shuttles that mediate outward EET to anodes and external electron acceptors. In contrast, there are knowledge gaps concerning the reverse process of inward EET from external electron donors to cells. Here, we describe a role for soluble iron (exogenous FeCl2) in enhancing EET from cathodes to the model EET bacterium Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, with fumarate serving as the intracellular electron acceptor. This iron concentration-dependent electron uptake was eradicated upon addition of an iron chelator and occurred only in the presence of fumarate reductase, confirming an electron pathway from cathodes to this periplasmic enzyme. Moreover, S. oneidensis mutants lacking specific outer membrane and periplasmic cytochromes exhibited significantly decreased current levels relative to wild-type. These results indicate that soluble iron can function as an electron carrier to the EET machinery of S. oneidensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Abuyen
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Mohamed Y El-Naggar
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
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Ghssein G, Ezzeddine Z. The Key Element Role of Metallophores in the Pathogenicity and Virulence of Staphylococcus aureus: A Review. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1525. [PMID: 36290427 PMCID: PMC9598555 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous bacterium Staphylococcus aureus causes many diseases that sometimes can be fatal due to its high pathogenicity. The latter is caused by the ability of this pathogen to secrete secondary metabolites, enabling it to colonize inside the host causing infection through various processes. Metallophores are secondary metabolites that enable bacteria to sequester metal ions from the surrounding environment since the availability of metal ions is crucial for bacterial metabolism and virulence. The uptake of iron and other metal ions such as nickel and zinc is one of these essential mechanisms that gives this germ its virulence properties and allow it to overcome the host immune system. Additionally, extensive interactions occur between this pathogen and other bacteria as they compete for resources. Staphylococcus aureus has high-affinity metal import pathways including metal ions acquisition, recruitment and metal-chelate complex import. These characteristics give this bacterium the ability to intake metallophores synthesized by other bacteria, thus enabling it to compete with other microorganisms for the limited nutrients. In scarce host conditions, free metal ions are extremely low because they are confined to storage and metabolic molecules, so metal ions are sequestered by metallophores produced by this bacterium. Both siderophores (iron chelating molecules) and staphylopine (wide- spectrum metallophore) are secreted by Staphylococcus aureus giving it infectious properties. The genetic regulation of the synthesis and export together with the import of metal loaded metallophores are well established and are all covered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghassan Ghssein
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Islamic University of Lebanon, Khalde P.O. Box 30014, Lebanon
| | - Zeinab Ezzeddine
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Islamic University of Lebanon, Khalde P.O. Box 30014, Lebanon
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