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Chakkour M, Hammoud Z, Farhat S, El Roz A, Ezzeddine Z, Ghssein G. Overview of Proteus mirabilis pathogenicity and virulence. Insights into the role of metals. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1383618. [PMID: 38646633 PMCID: PMC11026637 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1383618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is a Gram-negative bacterium with exclusive molecular and biological features. It is a versatile pathogen acclaimed for its distinct urease production, swarming behavior, and rapid multicellular activity. Clinically, P. mirabilis is a frequent pathogen of the human urinary system where it causes urinary tract infections (UTIs) and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). This review explores the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and treatment of P. mirabilis infections, emphasizing its association with UTIs. The bacterium's genome analysis revealed the presence of resistance genes against commonly used antibiotics, an antibiotic-resistant phenotype that poses a serious clinical challenge. Particularly, the emergence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases resistant P. mirabilis strains. On a molecular level, P. mirabilis possesses a wide array of virulence factors including the production of fimbriae, urease, hemolysins, metallophores, and biofilm formation. This review thoroughly tackles a substantial gap in understanding the role of metallophores in shaping the virulence factors of P. mirabilis virulence. Siderophores, iron metal chelating and transporting metallophores, particularly contribute to the complex pathogenic strategies, displaying a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Chakkour
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Zeinab Hammoud
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Solay Farhat
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali El Roz
- Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Public Health, Islamic University of Lebanon (IUL), Khalde, Lebanon
| | - Zeinab Ezzeddine
- Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Public Health, Islamic University of Lebanon (IUL), Khalde, Lebanon
| | - Ghassan Ghssein
- Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Public Health, Islamic University of Lebanon (IUL), Khalde, Lebanon
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Abbas R, Chakkour M, Zein El Dine H, Obaseki EF, Obeid ST, Jezzini A, Ghssein G, Ezzeddine Z. General Overview of Klebsiella pneumonia: Epidemiology and the Role of Siderophores in Its Pathogenicity. Biology (Basel) 2024; 13:78. [PMID: 38392297 PMCID: PMC10886558 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The opportunistic pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) can colonize mucosal surfaces and spread from mucosae to other tissues, causing fatal infections. Medical equipment and the healthcare setting can become colonized by Klebsiella species, which are widely distributed in nature and can be found in water, soil, and animals. Moreover, a substantial number of community-acquired illnesses are also caused by this organism worldwide. These infections are characterized by a high rate of morbidity and mortality as well as the capacity to spread metastatically. Hypervirulent Klebsiella strains are thought to be connected to these infections. Four components are critical to this bacterium's pathogenicity-the capsule, lipopolysaccharide, fimbriae, and siderophores. Siderophores are secondary metabolites that allow iron to sequester from the surrounding medium and transport it to the intracellular compartment of the bacteria. A number of variables may lead to K. pneumoniae colonization in a specific area. Risk factors for infection include local healthcare practices, antibiotic use and misuse, infection control procedures, nutrition, gender, and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Abbas
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut P.O. Box 11-5020, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed Chakkour
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Hiba Zein El Dine
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Soumaya T Obeid
- Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Public Health, Islamic University of Lebanon (IUL), Khalde P.O. Box 30014, Lebanon
| | - Aya Jezzini
- Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Public Health, Islamic University of Lebanon (IUL), Khalde P.O. Box 30014, Lebanon
| | - Ghassan Ghssein
- Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Public Health, Islamic University of Lebanon (IUL), Khalde P.O. Box 30014, Lebanon
| | - Zeinab Ezzeddine
- Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Public Health, Islamic University of Lebanon (IUL), Khalde P.O. Box 30014, Lebanon
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Abstract
The increasing bacterial resistance caused by antibiotic overuse has promoted the search for new antimicrobial strategies. Metals uptake via bacterial metallophores are studied to develop new therapeutics against infectious diseases, because metal ions are essential for bacterial growth and virulence. Metal ions assimilation is mainly dependent on metallophores production which are metal chelators synthetized and produced by bacteria to facilitate metals uptake and are vital for bacterial pathogenicity. Here we highlight the perspective for antimicrobial and therapeutic potential of metallophores through several approaches for metallophores application in antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Ezzeddine
- Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Public Health, Islamic University of Lebanon (IUL), Khalde P.O. Box, 30014, Lebanon; Faculty of Sciences V, Lebanese University, Nabatieh, 1700, Lebanon.
| | - Ghassan Ghssein
- Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Public Health, Islamic University of Lebanon (IUL), Khalde P.O. Box, 30014, Lebanon; Faculty of Sciences V, Lebanese University, Nabatieh, 1700, Lebanon.
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Chaaban T, Mohsen Y, Ezzeddine Z, Ghssein G. Overview of Yersinia pestis Metallophores: Yersiniabactin and Yersinopine. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:biology12040598. [PMID: 37106798 PMCID: PMC10136090 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenic anaerobic bacteria Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis), which is well known as the plague causative agent, has the ability to escape or inhibit innate immune system responses, which can result in host death even before the activation of adaptive responses. Bites from infected fleas in nature transmit Y. pestis between mammalian hosts causing bubonic plague. It was recognized that a host's ability to retain iron is essential in fighting invading pathogens. To proliferate during infection, Y. pestis, like most bacteria, has various iron transporters that enable it to acquire iron from its hosts. The siderophore-dependent iron transport system was found to be crucial for the pathogenesis of this bacterium. Siderophores are low-molecular-weight metabolites with a high affinity for Fe3+. These compounds are produced in the surrounding environment to chelate iron. The siderophore secreted by Y. pestis is yersiniabactin (Ybt). Another metallophore produced by this bacterium, yersinopine, is of the opine type and shows similarities with both staphylopine and pseudopaline produced by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. This paper sheds light on the most important aspects of the two Y. pestis metallophores as well as aerobactin a siderophore no longer secreted by this bacterium due to frameshift mutation in its genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghrid Chaaban
- Nursing Sciences Department, Faculty of Public Health, Islamic University of Lebanon, Khalde P.O. Box 30014, Lebanon
- Nursing Sciences Research Chair, Laboratory Educations and Health Practices (LEPS), (EA 3412), UFR SMBH, University Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cite, F-93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Yehya Mohsen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Health and Medical Technologies, Al-Ayen University, Nasiriyah 64001, Iraq
| | - Zeinab Ezzeddine
- Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Public Health, Islamic University of Lebanon (IUL), Khalde P.O. Box 30014, Lebanon
- Faculty of Sciences V, Lebanese University, Nabatieh 1700, Lebanon
| | - Ghassan Ghssein
- Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Public Health, Islamic University of Lebanon (IUL), Khalde P.O. Box 30014, Lebanon
- Faculty of Sciences V, Lebanese University, Nabatieh 1700, Lebanon
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Ezzeddine Z, Batonneau-Gener I, Pouilloux Y. Zinc Removal from Water via EDTA-Modified Mesoporous SBA-16 and SBA-15. Toxics 2023; 11:205. [PMID: 36976971 PMCID: PMC10059989 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The removal of zinc ions from water was investigated using two types of ordered mesoporous silica (SBA-15 and SBA-16). Both materials were functionalized with APTES (3-aminopropyltriethoxy-silane) and EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) through post grafting methods. The modified adsorbents were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen (N2) adsorption-desorption analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis. The ordered structure of the adsorbents was conserved after modification. SBA-16 was found to be more efficient than SBA-15 owing to its structural characteristics. Different experimental conditions were examined (pH, contact time, and initial zinc concentration). The kinetic adsorption data followed the pseudo-second-order model indicating favorable adsorption conditions. The intra-particle diffusion model plot represented a two-stage adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacities were calculated by the Langmuir model. The adsorbent can be regenerated and reused several times without a significant decline in adsorption efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Ezzeddine
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP)-UMR 7285, Poitiers University, 86073 Poitiers, France
- Department of Chemistry, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon
| | - Isabelle Batonneau-Gener
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP)-UMR 7285, Poitiers University, 86073 Poitiers, France
| | - Yannick Pouilloux
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP)-UMR 7285, Poitiers University, 86073 Poitiers, France
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Ezzeddine Z, Batonneau-Gener I, Pouilloux Y. Cation Exchange Mechanism of Divalent Metals ions onto Synthetic NaX and LTA Zeolites: Efficiency and Selectivity. ECB 2018. [DOI: 10.17628/ecb.2018.7.93-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Hamad H, Ezzeddine Z, Kanaan S, Lakis F, Hijazi A, Moussawi MA. A novel modification and selective route for the adsorption of Pb2+ by oak charcoal functionalized with glutaraldehyde. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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