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Tyagi JL, Gupta P, Ghate MM, Kumar D, Poluri KM. Assessing the synergistic potential of bacteriophage endolysins and antimicrobial peptides for eradicating bacterial biofilms. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:272. [PMID: 38772980 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Phage-encoded endolysins have emerged as a potential substitute to conventional antibiotics due to their exceptional benefits including host specificity, rapid host killing, least risk of resistance. In addition to their antibacterial potency and biofilm eradication properties, endolysins are reported to exhibit synergism with other antimicrobial agents. In this study, the synergistic potency of endolysins was dissected with antimicrobial peptides to enhance their therapeutic effectiveness. Recombinantly expressed and purified bacteriophage endolysin [T7 endolysin (T7L); and T4 endolysin (T4L)] proteins have been used to evaluate the broad-spectrum antibacterial efficacy using different bacterial strains. Antibacterial/biofilm eradication studies were performed in combination with different antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) such as colistin, nisin, and polymyxin B (PMB) to assess the endolysin's antimicrobial efficacy and their synergy with AMPs. In combination with T7L, polymyxin B and colistin effectively eradicated the biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and exhibited a synergistic effect. Further, a combination of T4L and nisin displayed a synergistic effect against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. In summary, the obtained results endorse the theme of combinational therapy consisting of endolysins and AMPs as an effective remedy against the drug-resistant bacterial biofilms that are a serious concern in healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Lakshmi Tyagi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Payal Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India
| | - Mayur Mohan Ghate
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre of Bio-Medical Research, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
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Liu H, Wei X, Wang Z, Huang X, Li M, Hu Z, Zhang K, Hu Q, Peng H, Shang W, Yang Y, Wang Y, Lu S, Rao X. LysSYL: a broad-spectrum phage endolysin targeting Staphylococcus species and eradicating S. aureus biofilms. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:89. [PMID: 38528536 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus and its single or mixed biofilm infections seriously threaten global public health. Phage therapy, which uses active phage particles or phage-derived endolysins, has emerged as a promising alternative strategy to antibiotic treatment. However, high-efficient phage therapeutic regimens have yet to be established. RESULTS In this study, we used an enrichment procedure to isolate phages against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) XN108. We characterized phage SYL, a new member of the Kayvirus genus, Herelleviridae family. The phage endolysin LysSYL was expressed. LysSYL demonstrated stability under various conditions and exhibited a broader range of efficacy against staphylococcal strains than its parent phage (100% vs. 41.7%). Moreover, dynamic live/dead bacterial observation demonstrated that LysSYL could completely lyse MRSA USA300 within 10 min. Scan and transmission electron microscopy revealed evident bacterial cell perforation and deformation. In addition, LysSYL displayed strong eradication activity against single- and mixed-species biofilms associated with S. aureus. It also had the ability to kill bacterial persisters, and proved highly effective in eliminating persistent S. aureus when combined with vancomycin. Furthermore, LysSYL protected BALB/c mice from lethal S. aureus infections. A single-dose treatment with 50 mg/kg of LysSYL resulted in a dramatic reduction in bacterial loads in the blood, liver, spleen, lungs, and kidneys of a peritonitis mouse model, which resulted in rescuing 100% of mice challenged with 108 colony forming units of S. aureus USA300. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the data provided in this study highlight the strong therapeutic potential of endolysin LysSYL in combating staphylococcal infections, including mono- and mixed-species biofilms related to S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xuemei Wei
- Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400700, China
| | - Zhefen Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiaonan Huang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mengyang Li
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400700, China
| | - Qiwen Hu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Huagang Peng
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Weilong Shang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shuguang Lu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Xiancai Rao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400700, China.
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3
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Li P, Shen M, Ma W, Zhou X, Shen J. LysZX4-NCA, a new endolysin with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity for topical treatment. Virus Res 2024; 340:199296. [PMID: 38065302 PMCID: PMC10755502 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of multidrug-resistant highly virulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (MDR-hvKP) requires the development of new therapeutic agents. Herein, a novel lytic phage vB_KpnS_ZX4 against MDR-hvKP was discovered in hospital sewage. Phage vB_KpnS_ZX4 had a short latent period (5 min) and a large burst size (230 PFU/cell). It can rapidly reduce the number of bacteria in vitro and improve survival rates of bacteremic mice in vivo from 0 to 80 % with a single injection of 108 PFU. LysZX4, an endolysin derived from vB_KpnS_ZX4, exhibits potent antimicrobial activity in vitro in combination with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The antimicrobial activity of LysZX4 was further enhanced by the fusion of KWKLFKI residues from cecropin A (LysZX4-NCA). In vitro antibacterial experiments showed that LysZX4-NCA exerts broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against clinical Gram-negative bacteria, including MDR-hvKP. Moreover, in the mouse model of MDR-hvKP skin infection, treatment with LysZX4-NCA resulted in a three-log reduction in bacterial burden on the skin compared to the control group. Therefore, the novel phages vB_KpnS_ZX4 and LysZX4-NCA are effective reagents for the treatment of systemic and local MDR-hvKP infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Mangmang Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Wenjie Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Xin Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
| | - Jiayin Shen
- The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518112, PR China.
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Fang C, Dai X, Xiang L, Qiu Y, Yin M, Fu Y, Li Y, Zhang L. Isolation and characterization of three novel lytic phages against K54 serotype carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1265011. [PMID: 38149011 PMCID: PMC10749971 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1265011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-hvKP) has driven us to explore alternative treatments for the limitation of antimicrobial agents. Lytic phages are considered a promising alternative treatment for CR-hvKP infection. In this study, we reported three novel lytic phages, vB_KpnA_SCNJ1-Z, vB_KpnS_SCNJ1-C, and vB_KpnM_SCNJ1-Y, against a CR-hvKP strain SCNJ1, and they possess genomes of double-stranded DNA with a size of 43,428 bp, 46,039 bp, and 50,360 bp, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that vB_KpnA_SCNJ1-Z belongs to the family Autographiviridae within the class Caudoviricetes, while vB_KpnS_SCNJ1-C and vB_KpnM_SCNJ1-Y are unclassified Caudoviricetes. The phages showed a narrow host range only lysing 1 of 50 tested clinical bacterial strains. The one-step growth curves and stability results showed that the phages displayed relatively short latency periods, with broad pH (pH 3-14) and thermal stabilities (20-60°C). The phages showed significant inhibition of the biofilm formation by SCNJ1 and strong antibacterial activity in vitro. In the mouse model, we demonstrated that administration of a single phage or phage cocktail significantly reduced bacteria loads in the lung, liver, and spleen, and effectively rescued mice from the infection of the SCNJ1 strain, with a survival rate of 70-80%. These findings suggested the three phages have great potential as an alternative therapy with favorable stability and strong antibacterial activity both in vivo and in vitro for the treatment of CR-hvKP infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ying Li
- The School of Basic Medical Science and Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Luhua Zhang
- The School of Basic Medical Science and Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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5
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Dong Y, Huang Y, Fan H, Song L, An X, Xu S, Li M, Tong Y. Characterization, complete genome sequencing, and CRISPR/Cas9 system-based decontamination of a novel Escherichia coli phage TR1 from fermentation substrates. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1230775. [PMID: 37637117 PMCID: PMC10450929 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1230775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phage contamination has become a major concern for industrial bacteria, such as Escherichia coli BL21(DE3), used in fermentation processes. Herein, we report a CRISPR/Cas9 defense system-based strategy to precisely prey and degrade phage DNA to decontaminate target phages. First, we isolated a novel phage from fermentation substrates with BL21(DE3) as the host, named TR1. It showed a typical podovirus morphology with a head diameter of 51.46 ± 2.04 nm and a tail length of 9.31 ± 2.77 nm. The burst size of phage TR1 was 151 PFU/cell, suggesting its strong fecundity in the fermentation system. Additionally, whole-genome sequencing revealed that phage TR1 has a DNA genome of 44,099 bp in length with a 43.8% GC content, encoding a total of 68 open reading frames. Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis designated this phage to be a new species of the genus Christensenvirus. To counteract phage TR1, we employed the CRISPR/Cas9 system-based strategy and constructed two phage-resistant E. coli strains, BL21-C and BL21-T, based on conserved genes. Both EOP assays and growth curves indicated strong phage resistance of the recombinant strains, without affecting cell growth. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a resilient strategy to respond to ever-changing phages and ongoing phage-host arm race in industrial fermentation environments by the personalized design of spacers in the recombinant CRISPR/Cas system-containing plasmid. More importantly, our research sparks the use of phage defense mechanism to prevent phage contamination in extensive biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Dong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfei Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Huahao Fan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Song
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping An
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Mengzhe Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- Qinhuangdao Bohai Biological Research Institute, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Yigang Tong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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6
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Euler CW, Raz A, Hernandez A, Serrano A, Xu S, Andersson M, Zou G, Zhang Y, Fischetti VA, Li J. PlyKp104, a Novel Phage Lysin for the Treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Other Gram-Negative ESKAPE Pathogens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0151922. [PMID: 37098944 PMCID: PMC10190635 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01519-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are two leading causes of burn and wound infections, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and more severe invasive diseases, which are often multidrug resistant (MDR) or extensively drug resistant. Due to this, it is critical to discover alternative antimicrobials, such as bacteriophage lysins, against these pathogens. Unfortunately, most lysins that target Gram-negative bacteria require additional modifications or outer membrane permeabilizing agents to be bactericidal. We identified four putative lysins through bioinformatic analysis of Pseudomonas and Klebsiella phage genomes in the NCBI database and then expressed and tested their intrinsic lytic activity in vitro. The most active lysin, PlyKp104, exhibited >5-log killing against K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and other Gram-negative representatives of the multidrug-resistant ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, K. pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii, P. aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) without further modification. PlyKp104 displayed rapid killing and high activity over a wide pH range and in high concentrations of salt and urea. Additionally, pulmonary surfactants and low concentrations of human serum did not inhibit PlyKp104 activity in vitro. PlyKp104 also significantly reduced drug-resistant K. pneumoniae >2 logs in a murine skin infection model after one treatment of the wound, suggesting that this lysin could be used as a topical antimicrobial against K. pneumoniae and other MDR Gram-negative infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad W. Euler
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Hunter College, CUNY, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Assaf Raz
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Hunter College, CUNY, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anaise Hernandez
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Hunter College, CUNY, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anna Serrano
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Siyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Martin Andersson
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Geng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Vincent A. Fischetti
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jinquan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Biomedicine and Health, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
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7
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Fayez MS, Hakim TA, Zaki BM, Makky S, Abdelmoteleb M, Essam K, Safwat A, Abdelsattar AS, El-Shibiny A. Morphological, biological, and genomic characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae phage vB_Kpn_ZC2. Virol J 2023; 20:86. [PMID: 37138257 PMCID: PMC10158348 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacteriophages (phages) are one of the most promising alternatives to traditional antibiotic therapies, especially against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Klebsiella pneumoniae is considered to be an opportunistic pathogen that can cause life-threatening infections. Thus, this study aims at the characterization of a novel isolated phage vB_Kpn_ZC2 (ZCKP2, for short). METHODS The phage ZCKP2 was isolated from sewage water by using the clinical isolate KP/08 as a host strain. The isolated bacteriophage was purified and amplified, followed by testing of its molecular weight using Pulse-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), transmission electron microscopy, antibacterial activity against a panel of other Klebsiella pneumoniae hosts, stability studies, and whole genome sequencing. RESULTS Phage ZCKP2 belongs morphologically to siphoviruses as indicated from the Transmission Electron Microscopy microgram. The Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis and the phage sequencing estimated the phage genome size of 48.2 kbp. Moreover, the absence of lysogeny-related genes, antibiotic resistance genes, and virulence genes in the annotated genome suggests that phage ZCKP2 is safe for therapeutic use. Genome-based taxonomic analysis indicates that phage ZCKP2 represents a new family that has not been formally rated yet. In addition, phage ZCKP2 preserved high stability at different temperatures and pH values (-20 - 70 °C and pH 4 - 9). For the antibacterial activity, phage ZCKP2 maintained consistent clear zones on KP/08 bacteria along with other hosts, in addition to effective bacterial killing over time at different MOIs (0.1, 1, and 10). Also, the genome annotation predicted antibacterial lytic enzymes. Furthermore, the topology of class II holins was predicted in some putative proteins with dual transmembrane domains that contribute significantly to antibacterial activity. Phage ZCKP2 characterization demonstrates safety and efficiency against multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae, hence ZCKP2 is a good candidate for further in vivo and phage therapy clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Fayez
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt
| | - Toka A Hakim
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt
| | - Bishoy Maher Zaki
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, 11787, Egypt
| | - Salsabil Makky
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelmoteleb
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Kareem Essam
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt
| | - Anan Safwat
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt
| | - Abdallah S Abdelsattar
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt
| | - Ayman El-Shibiny
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt.
- Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, Arish, 45511, Egypt.
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8
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Mohammadi M, Saffari M, Siadat SD. Phage therapy of antibiotic-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, opportunities and challenges from the past to the future. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2023; 68:357-368. [PMID: 37036571 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Klebsiella spp. is a commensal gram-negative bacterium and a member of the human microbiota. It is the leading cause of various hospital-acquired infections. The occurrence of multi-drug drug resistance and carbapenemase-producing strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing weighty contaminations is growing, and Klebsiella oxytoca is an arising bacterium. Alternative approaches to tackle contaminations led by these microorganisms are necessary as strains enhance opposing to last-stage antibiotics in the way that Colistin. The lytic bacteriophages are viruses that infect and rapidly eradicate bacterial cells and are strain-specific to their hosts. They and their proteins are immediately deliberate as opportunities or adjuncts to antibiotic therapy. There are several reports in vitro and in vivo form that proved the potential use of lytic phages to combat superbug stains of K. pneumoniae. Various reports dedicated that the phage area can be returned to the elimination of multi-drug resistance and carbapenemase resistance isolates of K. pneumoniae. This review compiles our current information on phages of Klebsiella spp. and highlights technological and biological issues related to the evolution of phage-based therapies targeting these bacterial hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Mohammadi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Mahmood Saffari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Zaki BM, Fahmy NA, Aziz RK, Samir R, El-Shibiny A. Characterization and comprehensive genome analysis of novel bacteriophage, vB_Kpn_ZCKp20p, with lytic and anti-biofilm potential against clinical multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1077995. [PMID: 36756618 PMCID: PMC9901506 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1077995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The rise of infections by antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens is alarming. Among these, Klebsiella pneumoniae is a leading cause of death by hospital-acquired infections, and its multidrug-resistant strains are flagged as a global threat to human health, which necessitates finding novel antibiotics or alternative therapies. One promising therapeutic alternative is the use of virulent bacteriophages, which specifically target bacteria and coevolve with them to overcome potential resistance. Here, we aimed to discover specific bacteriophages with therapeutic potential against multiresistant K. pneumoniae clinical isolates. Methods and Results Out of six bacteriophages that we isolated from urban and medical sewage, phage vB_Kpn_ZCKp20p had the broadest host range and was thus characterized in detail. Transmission electron microscopy suggests vB_Kpn_ZCKp20p to be a tailed phage of the siphoviral morphotype. In vitro evaluation indicated a high lytic efficiency (30 min latent period and burst size of ∼100 PFU/cell), and extended stability at temperatures up to 70°C and a wide range of (2-12) pH. Additionally, phage vB_Kpn_ZCKp20p possesses antibiofilm activity that was evaluated by the crystal violet assay and was not cytotoxic to human skin fibroblasts. The whole genome was sequenced and annotated, uncovering one tRNA gene and 33 genes encoding proteins with assigned functions out of 85 predicted genes. Furthermore, comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis suggest that vB_Kpn_ZCKp20p most likely represents a new species, but belongs to the same genus as Klebsiella phages ZCKP8 and 6691. Comprehensive genomic and bioinformatics analyses substantiate the safety of the phage and its strictly lytic lifestyle. Conclusion Phage vB_Kpn_ZCKp20p is a novel phage with potential to be used against biofilm-forming K. pneumoniae and could be a promising source for antibacterial and antibiofilm products, which will be individually studied experimentally in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishoy Maher Zaki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October, Giza, Egypt,Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Biomedical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nada A. Fahmy
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Biomedical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ramy Karam Aziz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt,Center for Genome and Microbiome Research, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt,Microbiology and Immunology Research Program, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham Samir
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt,Center for Genome and Microbiome Research, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt,*Correspondence: Reham Samir, ; Ayman El-Shibiny,
| | - Ayman El-Shibiny
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Biomedical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt,Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, Arish, Egypt,*Correspondence: Reham Samir, ; Ayman El-Shibiny,
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