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Liu A, Ellis D, Mhatre A, Brahmankar S, Seto J, Nielsen DR, Varman AM. Biomanufacturing of value-added chemicals from lignin. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 89:103178. [PMID: 39098292 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Lignin valorization faces persistent biomanufacturing challenges due to the heterogeneous and toxic carbon substrates derived from lignin depolymerization. To address the heterogeneous nature of aromatic feedstocks, plant cell wall engineering and 'lignin first' pretreatment methods have recently emerged. Next, to convert the resulting aromatic substrates into value-added chemicals, diverse microbial host systems also continue to be developed. This includes microbes that (1) lack aromatic metabolism, (2) metabolize aromatics but not sugars, and (3) co-metabolize both aromatics and sugars, each system presenting unique pros and cons. Considering the intrinsic complexity of lignin-derived substrate mixtures, emerging and non-model microbes with native metabolism for aromatics appear poised to provide the greatest impacts on lignin valorization via biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arren Liu
- Biological Design Program, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Dylan Ellis
- Chemical Engineering Program, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Apurv Mhatre
- Chemical Engineering Program, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Sumant Brahmankar
- Chemical Engineering Program, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jong Seto
- Chemical Engineering Program, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - David R Nielsen
- Biological Design Program, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Chemical Engineering Program, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Arul M Varman
- Biological Design Program, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Chemical Engineering Program, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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Dong P, Fan Y, Huo YX, Sun L, Guo S. Pathway-Adapted Biosensor for High-Throughput Screening of O-Methyltransferase and its Application in Vanillin Synthesis. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:2873-2886. [PMID: 39208264 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Vanillin is a widely used flavoring compound in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics area. However, the biosynthesis of vanillin from low-cost shikimic acid is significantly hindered by the low activity of the rate-limiting enzyme, caffeate O-methyltransferase (COMT). To screen COMT variants with improved conversion rates, we designed a biosensing system that is adaptable to the COMT-mediated vanillin synthetic pathway. Through the evolution of aldehyde transcriptional factor YqhC, we obtained a dual-responsive variant, MuYqhC, which positively responds to the product and negatively responds to the substrate, with no response to intermediates. Using the MuYqhC-based vanillin biosensor, we successfully identified a COMT variant, Mu176, that displayed a 7-fold increase in the conversion rate compared to the wild-type COMT. This variant produced 2.38 mM vanillin from 3 mM protocatechuic acid, achieving a conversion rate of 79.33%. The enhanced activity of Mu176 was attributed to an enlarged binding pocket and strengthened substrate interaction. Applying Mu176 to Bacillus subtilis increased the level of vanillin production from shikimic acid by 2.39-fold. Further optimization of the production chassis, increasing the S-adenosylmethionine supply and the precursor concentration, elevated the vanillin titer to 1 mM, marking the highest level of vanillin production from shikimic acid in Bacillus. Our work highlights the significance of the MuYqhC-based biosensing system and the Mu176 variant in vanillin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Aerospace Center Hospital, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Yunjuan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Aerospace Center Hospital, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Xin Huo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Aerospace Center Hospital, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
- Tangshan Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, 063611 Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Lichao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Aerospace Center Hospital, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
- Tangshan Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, 063611 Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Shuyuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Aerospace Center Hospital, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
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Wu Y, Guo M, Gao J, Li JH, Chen BK. Sustainable design and synthesis of high-performance lignin-based sunscreen ingredients. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:135494. [PMID: 39276887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
The active ingredients most commonly employed in sunscreens are compounds containing one or two aromatic rings. Lignin is the most abundant renewable aromatic polymer that has the potential to yield low molecular weight aromatic chemicals when strategically depolymerized. Here, the UV absorbance of a series of monomeric and dimeric lignin model compounds (LMCs) were studied. Specifically, vanillin and ferulic acid demonstrated good absorption in the UVB (280-320 nm) range, while the 5-5 dimer showed efficient absorption in the UVA (320-400 nm) range. Based on this, vanillin, ferulic acid and 5-5 dimer were mixed in pairs and dispersed in the oily isoeugenol to prepare LMC hybrid dispersions. Subsequently, demethylated lignin (DL) was synthesized and used to encapsulate the LMC hybrid dispersions via ultrasonic cavitation to prepare DL-based nano-capsules (DLNCs). The DLNCs were used as the only active ingredient in sunscreens, whose sun protection factor (SPF) value could be up to 55 with a dosage of 10 wt%. Due to anti-photolysis property of DL, the SPF value of DLNCs-based sunscreens increased initially and maintained >8 h under UV irradiation. Additionally, the prepared DLNCs exhibited excellent anti-permeability, antioxidant capacity and biocompatibility, making them a potential substitute for conventional petroleum-based sunscreen agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials, Taiyuan Normal University, 319 University Street, Yuci District, Jinzhong 030619, China.
| | - Meng Guo
- School of Chemistry and Materials, Taiyuan Normal University, 319 University Street, Yuci District, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Jie Gao
- School of Chemistry and Materials, Taiyuan Normal University, 319 University Street, Yuci District, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Jian-Hui Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials, Taiyuan Normal University, 319 University Street, Yuci District, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Bo-Kun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 27 Taoyuan South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan 030001, China
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Ji T, Liaqat F, Khazi MI, Liaqat N, Nawaz MZ, Zhu D. Lignin biotransformation: Advances in enzymatic valorization and bioproduction strategies. INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS 2024; 216:118759. [DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.118759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
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He Z, Jiang G, Gan L, He T, Tian Y. Bacterial valorization of lignin for the sustainable production of value-added bioproducts. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135171. [PMID: 39214219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
As the most abundant aromatic biopolymer in the biosphere, lignin represents a promising alternative feedstock for the industrial production of various value-added bioproducts with enhanced economical value. However, the large-scale implementation of lignin valorization remains challenging because of the heterogeneity and irregular structure of lignin. General fragmentation and depolymerization processes often yield various products, but these approaches necessitate tedious purification steps to isolate target products. Moreover, microbial biocatalytic processes, especially bacterial-based systems with high metabolic activity, can depolymerize and further utilize lignin in an eco-friendly way. Considering that wild bacterial strains have evolved several metabolic pathways and enzymatic systems for lignin degradation, substantial efforts have been made to exploit their potential for lignin valorization. This review summarizes recent advances in lignin valorization for the production of value-added bioproducts based on bacterial systems. Additionally, the remaining challenges and available strategies for lignin biodegradation processes and future trends of bacterial lignin valorization are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Guangyang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Longzhan Gan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China.
| | - Tengxia He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yongqiang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan Province, China.
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Guo H, Zhao Y, Chang JS, Lee DJ. Lignin to value-added products: Research updates and prospects. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 384:129294. [PMID: 37311532 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the urgent need for renewable and clean energy, the efficient use of lignin is of wide interest. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of lignin depolymerization and the generation of high-value products will contribute to the global control of the formation of efficient lignin utilization. This review explores the lignin value-adding process and discusses the link between lignin functional groups and value-added products. Mechanisms and characteristics of lignin depolymerization methods are presented, and challenges and prospects for future research are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Guo
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-li 32003, Taiwan.
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Martínková L, Grulich M, Pátek M, Křístková B, Winkler M. Bio-Based Valorization of Lignin-Derived Phenolic Compounds: A Review. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050717. [PMID: 37238587 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignins are the most abundant biopolymers that consist of aromatic units. Lignins are obtained by fractionation of lignocellulose in the form of "technical lignins". The depolymerization (conversion) of lignin and the treatment of depolymerized lignin are challenging processes due to the complexity and resistance of lignins. Progress toward mild work-up of lignins has been discussed in numerous reviews. The next step in the valorization of lignin is the conversion of lignin-based monomers, which are limited in number, into a wider range of bulk and fine chemicals. These reactions may need chemicals, catalysts, solvents, or energy from fossil resources. This is counterintuitive to green, sustainable chemistry. Therefore, in this review, we focus on biocatalyzed reactions of lignin monomers, e.g., vanillin, vanillic acid, syringaldehyde, guaiacols, (iso)eugenol, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, and alkylphenols. For each monomer, its production from lignin or lignocellulose is summarized, and, mainly, its biotransformations that provide useful chemicals are discussed. The technological maturity of these processes is characterized based on, e.g., scale, volumetric productivities, or isolated yields. The biocatalyzed reactions are compared with their chemically catalyzed counterparts if the latter are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Martínková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Grulich
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Pátek
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Křístková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Margit Winkler
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Chemical and Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology GmbH, Krenngasse 37, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Wang Q, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Chen H, Song J, Lyu M, Chen R, Zhang L. Comparative genomic analyses reveal genetic characteristics and pathogenic factors of Bacillus pumilus HM-7. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1008648. [PMID: 36419435 PMCID: PMC9677121 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1008648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus pumilus plays an important role in industrial application and biocontrol activities, as well as causing humans and plants disease, leading to economic losses and biosafety concerns. However, until now, the pathogenesis and underlying mechanisms of B. pumilus strains remain unclear. In our previous study, one representative isolate of B. pumilus named HM-7 has been recovered and proved to be the causal agent of fruit rot on muskmelon (Cucumis melo). Herein, we present a complete and annotated genome sequence of HM-7 that contains 4,111 coding genes in a single 3,951,520 bp chromosome with 41.04% GC content. A total of 3,481 genes were functionally annotated with the GO, COG, and KEGG databases. Pan-core genome analysis of HM-7 and 20 representative B. pumilus strains, as well as six closely related Bacillus species, discovered 740 core genes and 15,205 genes in the pan-genome of 21 B. pumilus strains, in which 485 specific-genes were identified in HM-7 genome. The average nucleotide identity (ANI), and whole-genome-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that HM-7 was most closely related to the C4, GR8, MTCC-B6033, TUAT1 and SH-B11 strains, but evolutionarily distinct from other strains in B. pumilus. Collinearity analysis of the six similar B. pumilus strains showed high levels of synteny but also several divergent regions for each strains. In the HM-7 genome, we identified 484 genes in the carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZyme) class, 650 genes encoding virulence factors, and 1,115 genes associated with pathogen-host interactions. Moreover, three HM-7-specific regions were determined, which contained 424 protein-coding genes. Further investigation of these genes showed that 19 pathogenesis-related genes were mainly associated with flagella formation and secretion of toxic products, which might be involved in the virulence of strain HM-7. Our results provided detailed genomic and taxonomic information for the HM-7 strain, and discovered its potential pathogenic mechanism, which lay a foundation for developing effective prevention and control strategies against this pathogen in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yiju Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Huamin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianghua Song
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Mingjie Lyu
- Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lixin Zhang,
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