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Venkateswaran D, Prakash A, Nguyen QA, Salman M, Suntisukwattana R, Atthaapa W, Tantituvanont A, Lin H, Songkasupa T, Nilubol D. Comprehensive Characterization of the Genetic Landscape of African Swine Fever Virus: Insights into Infection Dynamics, Immunomodulation, Virulence and Genes with Unknown Function. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2187. [PMID: 39123713 PMCID: PMC11311002 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
African Swine Fever (ASF) is a lethal contagious hemorrhagic viral disease affecting the swine population. The causative agent is African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV). There is no treatment or commercial vaccine available at present. This virus poses a significant threat to the global swine industry and economy, with 100% mortality rate in acute cases. ASFV transmission occurs through both direct and indirect contact, with control measures limited to early detection, isolation, and culling of infected pigs. ASFV exhibits a complex genomic structure and encodes for more than 50 structural and 100 non-structural proteins and has 150 to 167 open reading frames (ORFs). While many of the proteins are non-essential for viral replication, they play crucial roles in mediating with the host to ensure longevity and transmission of virus in the host. The dynamic nature of ASFV research necessitates constant updates, with ongoing exploration of various genes and their functions, vaccine development, and other ASF-related domains. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the structural and functional roles of both newly discovered and previously recorded genes involved in distinct stages of ASFV infection and immunomodulation. Additionally, the review discusses the virulence genes and genes with unknown functions, and proposes future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhithya Venkateswaran
- Swine Viral Evolution and Vaccine Development Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Anwesha Prakash
- Swine Viral Evolution and Vaccine Development Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Quynh Anh Nguyen
- Swine Viral Evolution and Vaccine Development Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Muhammad Salman
- Swine Viral Evolution and Vaccine Development Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Roypim Suntisukwattana
- Swine Viral Evolution and Vaccine Development Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Waranya Atthaapa
- Swine Viral Evolution and Vaccine Development Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Angkana Tantituvanont
- Department of Pharmaceutic and Industrial Pharmacies, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Hongyao Lin
- MSD Animal Health Innovation Pte Ltd., Singapore 718847, Singapore
| | - Tapanut Songkasupa
- National Institute of Animal Health, Department of Livestock Development, 50/2 Kasetklang, Phahonyothin 45-15, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Dachrit Nilubol
- Swine Viral Evolution and Vaccine Development Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Ambagala A, Goonewardene K, Kanoa IE, Than TT, Nguyen VT, Lai TNH, Nguyen TL, Erdelyan CNG, Robert E, Tailor N, Onyilagha C, Lamboo L, Handel K, Nebroski M, Vernygora O, Lung O, Le VP. Characterization of an African Swine Fever Virus Field Isolate from Vietnam with Deletions in the Left Variable Multigene Family Region. Viruses 2024; 16:571. [PMID: 38675912 PMCID: PMC11054794 DOI: 10.3390/v16040571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we report the characterization of a genetically modified live-attenuated African swine fever virus (ASFV) field strain isolated from Vietnam. The isolate, ASFV-GUS-Vietnam, belongs to p72 genotype II, has six multi-gene family (MGF) genes deleted, and an Escherichia coli GusA gene (GUS) inserted. When six 6-8-week-old pigs were inoculated with ASFV-GUS-Vietnam oro-nasally (2 × 105 TCID50/pig), they developed viremia, mild fever, lethargy, and inappetence, and shed the virus in their oral and nasal secretions and feces. One of the pigs developed severe clinical signs and was euthanized 12 days post-infection, while the remaining five pigs recovered. When ASFV-GUS-Vietnam was inoculated intramuscularly (2 × 103 TCID50/pig) into four 6-8 weeks old pigs, they also developed viremia, mild fever, lethargy, inappetence, and shed the virus in their oral and nasal secretions and feces. Two contact pigs housed together with the four intramuscularly inoculated pigs, started to develop fever, viremia, loss of appetite, and lethargy 12 days post-contact, confirming horizontal transmission of ASFV-GUS-Vietnam. One of the contact pigs died of ASF on day 23 post-contact, while the other one recovered. The pigs that survived the exposure to ASFV-GUS-Vietnam via the mucosal or parenteral route were fully protected against the highly virulent ASFV Georgia 2007/1 challenge. This study showed that ASFV-GUS-Vietnam field isolate is able to induce complete protection in the majority of the pigs against highly virulent homologous ASFV challenge, but has the potential for horizontal transmission, and can be fatal in some animals. This study highlights the need for proper monitoring and surveillance when ASFV live-attenuated virus-based vaccines are used in the field for ASF control in endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Ambagala
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Kalhari Goonewardene
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
| | - Ian El Kanoa
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
| | - Thi Tam Than
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.T.T.); (T.N.H.L.); (T.L.N.)
| | - Van Tam Nguyen
- Institute of Veterinary Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Thi Ngoc Ha Lai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.T.T.); (T.N.H.L.); (T.L.N.)
| | - Thi Lan Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.T.T.); (T.N.H.L.); (T.L.N.)
| | - Cassidy N. G. Erdelyan
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
| | - Erin Robert
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Nikesh Tailor
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
| | - Chukwunonso Onyilagha
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
| | - Lindsey Lamboo
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
| | - Katherine Handel
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
| | - Michelle Nebroski
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
| | - Oksana Vernygora
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
| | - Oliver Lung
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
| | - Van Phan Le
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.T.T.); (T.N.H.L.); (T.L.N.)
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Vu HLX, McVey DS. Recent progress on gene-deleted live-attenuated African swine fever virus vaccines. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:60. [PMID: 38480758 PMCID: PMC10937926 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00845-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
African Swine Fever (ASF) is a highly lethal viral disease in swine, with mortality rates approaching 100%. The disease has spread to many swine-producing countries, leading to significant economic losses and adversely impacting global food security. Extensive efforts have been directed toward developing effective ASF vaccines. Among the vaccinology approaches tested to date, live-attenuated virus (LAV) vaccines produced by rational deleting virulence genes from virulent African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) strains have demonstrated promising safety and efficacy in experimental and field conditions. Many gene-deleted LAV vaccine candidates have been generated in recent years. The virulence genes targeted for deletion from the genome of virulent ASFV strains can be categorized into four groups: Genes implicated in viral genome replication and transcription, genes from the multigene family located at both 5' and 3' termini, genes participating in mediating hemadsorption and putative cellular attachment factors, and novel genes with no known functions. Some promising LAV vaccine candidates are generated by deleting a single viral virulence gene, whereas others are generated by simultaneously deleting multiple genes. This article summarizes the recent progress in developing and characterizing gene-deleted LAV vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiep L X Vu
- Department of Animal Science, and Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - D Scott McVey
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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Gao H, Di D, Wu Q, Li J, Liu X, Xu Z, Xu S, Wu C, Gong L, Sun Y, Zhang G, Chen H, Wang H. Pathogenicity and horizontal transmission evaluation of a novel isolated African swine fever virus strain with a three-large-fragment-gene deletion. Vet Microbiol 2024; 290:110002. [PMID: 38295489 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
African swine fever has caused substantial economic losses to China`s pig industry in recent years. Currently, the highly pathogenic African swine fever virus strain of genotype II is predominantly circulating in China, accompanied by a series of emerging isolates displaying unique genetic variations. The pathogenicity of these emerging strains is still unclear. Recently, a novel ASFV strain with a distinguishable three-large-fragment gene deletion was obtained from the field specimens, and its in vivo pathogenicity and transmission were evaluated in this study. The animal experiment involved inoculating a high dose of YNFN202103 and comparing its effects with those of the highly pathogenic strain GZ201801_2. Results showed that pigs infected by YNFN202103 exhibited significantly prolonged onset and survival time, lower viremia levels, and less severe histopathological lesions compared to GZ201801_2. These findings contributed valuable insights into the pathogenicity and transmission of ASFV and its prevention and eradication strategies in practical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Di
- The Spirit Jinyu Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianwen Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- The Spirit Jinyu Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiying Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijia Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyu Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lang Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yankuo Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guihong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjun Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Heng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Yang J, Zhu R, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Yue H, Li Q, Ke J, Wang Y, Miao F, Chen T, Zhang F, Zhang S, Qian A, Hu R. Deleting the C84L Gene from the Virulent African Swine Fever Virus SY18 Does Not Affect Its Replication in Porcine Primary Macrophages but Reduces Its Virulence in Swine. Pathogens 2024; 13:103. [PMID: 38392841 PMCID: PMC10891671 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious disease that causes high pig mortality. Due to the absence of vaccines, prevention and control are relatively challenging. The pathogenic African swine fever virus (ASFV) has a complex structure and encodes over 160 proteins, many of which still need to be studied and verified for their functions. In this study, we identified one of the unknown functional genes, C84L. (2) Methods: A gene deficient strain was obtained through homologous recombination and several rounds of purification, and its replication characteristics and virulence were studied through in vitro and in vivo experiments, respectively. (3) Results: Deleting this gene from the wild-type virulent strain SY18 did not affect its replication in porcine primary macrophages but reduced its virulence in pigs. In animal experiments, we injected pigs with a 102 TCID50, 105 TCID50 deletion virus, and a 102 TCID50 wild-type strain SY18 intramuscularly. The control group pigs reached the humane endpoint on the ninth day (0/5) and were euthanized. Two pigs in the 102 TCID50(2/5) deletion virus group survived on the twenty-first day, and one in the 105 TCID50(1/5) deletion virus group survived. On the twenty-first day, the surviving pigs were euthanized, which was the end of the experiment. The necropsies of the survival group and control groups' necropsies showed that the surviving pigs' liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, and submaxillary lymph nodes did not show significant lesions associated with the ASFV. ASFV-specific antibodies were first detected on the seventh day after immunization; (4) Conclusions: This is the first study to complete the replication and virulence functional exploration of the C84L gene of SY18. In this study, C84L gene was preliminarily found not a necessary gene for replication, gene deletion strain SY18ΔC84L has similar growth characteristics to SY18 in porcine primary alveolar macrophages. The C84L gene affects the virulence of the SY18 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Rongnian Zhu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Xintao Zhou
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Huixian Yue
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Qixuan Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Junnan Ke
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Faming Miao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Teng Chen
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Shoufeng Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Aidong Qian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Rongliang Hu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130000, China
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Wu Q, Lei Y, Zuo Y, Zhang J, Guo F, Xu W, Xie T, Wang D, Peng G, Wang X, Chen H, Fu Z, Cao G, Dai J. Interactome between ASFV and host immune pathway proteins. mSystems 2023; 8:e0047123. [PMID: 37966252 PMCID: PMC10734461 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00471-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE African swine fever (ASF), caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), has become a major crisis for the pork industry in recent years. The mechanism for ASFV pathology and the clinical symptoms difference of ASF between domestic pigs and reservoir hosts remain to be elucidated. We deciphered the comprehensive protein-protein interaction (PPI) network between ASFV and host immune pathways. The intensive PPI network contained both ASFV-host immune pathway PPI and ASFV-ASFV PPI information, providing a comprehensive ASFV-host interaction landscape. Furthermore, the ASFV-host PPI difference between domestic pigs and warthogs was explored, which will be instructive for exploring essential candidates involved in ASFV pathology. Moreover, we screened the inhibitory effect of ASFV proteins in the PPI with cGAS-STING pathway on IFN-I and NF-κB, further providing possible functions of ASFV-host PPI network in innate immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingying Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fenglin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weize Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tanghui Xie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guiqing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenfang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Departments of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Gang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxia Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Petrini S, Righi C, Mészáros I, D’Errico F, Tamás V, Pela M, Olasz F, Gallardo C, Fernandez-Pinero J, Göltl E, Magyar T, Feliziani F, Zádori Z. The Production of Recombinant African Swine Fever Virus Lv17/WB/Rie1 Strains and Their In Vitro and In Vivo Characterizations. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1860. [PMID: 38140263 PMCID: PMC10748256 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lv17/WB/Rie1-Δ24 was produced via illegitimate recombination mediated by low-dilution serial passage in the Cos7 cell line and isolated on PAM cell culture. The virus contains a huge ~26.4 Kb deletion in the left end of its genome. Lv17/WB/Rie1-ΔCD-ΔGL was generated via homologous recombination, crossing two ASFV strains (Lv17/WB/Rie1-ΔCD and Lv17/WB/Rie1-ΔGL containing eGFP and mCherry markers) during PAM co-infection. The presence of unique parental markers in the Lv17/WB/Rie1-ΔCD-ΔGL genome indicates at least two recombination events during the crossing, suggesting that homologous recombination is a relatively frequent event in the ASFV genome during replication in PAM. Pigs infected with Lv17/WB/Rie1-Δ24 and Lv17/WB/Rie1/ΔCD-ΔGL strains have shown mild clinical signs despite that ASFV could not be detected in their sera until a challenge infection with the Armenia/07 ASFV strain. The two viruses were not able to induce protective immunity in pigs against a virulent Armenia/07 challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Petrini
- National Reference Centre for Pestiviruses and Asfivirus, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via Gaetano Salvemini, 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (S.P.); (C.R.); (F.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Cecilia Righi
- National Reference Centre for Pestiviruses and Asfivirus, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via Gaetano Salvemini, 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (S.P.); (C.R.); (F.D.); (M.P.)
| | - István Mészáros
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute (VMRI), Hungária krt. 21, 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (I.M.); (V.T.); (F.O.); (E.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Federica D’Errico
- National Reference Centre for Pestiviruses and Asfivirus, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via Gaetano Salvemini, 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (S.P.); (C.R.); (F.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Vivien Tamás
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute (VMRI), Hungária krt. 21, 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (I.M.); (V.T.); (F.O.); (E.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Michela Pela
- National Reference Centre for Pestiviruses and Asfivirus, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via Gaetano Salvemini, 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (S.P.); (C.R.); (F.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Ferenc Olasz
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute (VMRI), Hungária krt. 21, 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (I.M.); (V.T.); (F.O.); (E.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Carmina Gallardo
- European Union Reference Laboratory for ASF (EURL-ASF), Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA, CSIC), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.)
| | - Jovita Fernandez-Pinero
- European Union Reference Laboratory for ASF (EURL-ASF), Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA, CSIC), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.)
| | - Eszter Göltl
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute (VMRI), Hungária krt. 21, 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (I.M.); (V.T.); (F.O.); (E.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Tibor Magyar
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute (VMRI), Hungária krt. 21, 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (I.M.); (V.T.); (F.O.); (E.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Francesco Feliziani
- National Reference Centre for Pestiviruses and Asfivirus, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via Gaetano Salvemini, 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (S.P.); (C.R.); (F.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Zoltán Zádori
- HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute (VMRI), Hungária krt. 21, 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (I.M.); (V.T.); (F.O.); (E.G.); (T.M.)
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8
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Pérez-Núñez D, García-Belmonte R, Riera E, Fernández-Sesma MH, Vigara-Astillero G, Revilla Y. Signal peptide and N-glycosylation of N-terminal-CD2v determine the hemadsorption of African swine fever virus. J Virol 2023; 97:e0103023. [PMID: 37768082 PMCID: PMC10617588 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01030-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the cause of the current major animal epidemic worldwide. This disease affects domestic pigs and wild boars, has spread since 2007 through Russia, Eastern Europe, and more recently to Western European countries, and since 2018 emerged in China, from where it spread throughout Southeast Asia. Recently, outbreaks have appeared in the Caribbean, threatening the Americas. It is estimated that more than 900,000 animals have died directly or indirectly from ASFV since 2021 alone. One of the features of ASFV infection is hemoadsorption (HAD), which has been linked to virulence, although the molecular and pathological basis of this hypothesis remains largely unknown. In this study, we have analyzed and identified the key players responsible of HAD, contributing to the identification of new determinants of ASFV virulence, the understanding of ASFV pathogenesis, and the rational development of new vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pérez-Núñez
- Microbes in Health and Welfare Department, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel García-Belmonte
- Microbes in Health and Welfare Department, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Riera
- Microbes in Health and Welfare Department, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta H. Fernández-Sesma
- Microbes in Health and Welfare Department, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Vigara-Astillero
- Microbes in Health and Welfare Department, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Revilla
- Microbes in Health and Welfare Department, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Yang J, Zhu R, Zhang Y, Fan J, Zhou X, Yue H, Li Q, Miao F, Chen T, Mi L, Zhang F, Zhang S, Qian A, Hu R. SY18ΔL60L: a new recombinant live attenuated African swine fever virus with protection against homologous challenge. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1225469. [PMID: 37621401 PMCID: PMC10445127 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1225469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction African swine fever (ASF) is an acute and highly contagious disease and its pathogen, the African swine fever virus (ASFV), threatens the global pig industry. At present, management of ASF epidemic mainly relies on biological prevention and control methods. Moreover, due to the large genome of ASFV, only half of its genes have been characterized in terms of function. Methods Here, we evaluated a previously uncharacterized viral gene, L60L. To assess the function of this gene, we constructed a deletion strain (SY18ΔL60L) by knocking out the L60L gene of the SY18 strain. To evaluate the growth characteristics and safety of the SY18ΔL60L, experiments were conducted on primary macrophages and pigs, respectively. Results The results revealed that the growth trend of the recombinant strain was slower than that of the parent strain in vitro. Additionally, 3/5 (60%) pigs intramuscularly immunized with a 105 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) of SY18ΔL60L survived the 21-day observation period. The surviving pigs were able to protect against the homologous lethal strain SY18 and survive. Importantly, there were no obvious clinical symptoms or viremia. Discussion These results suggest that L60L could serve as a virulence- and replication-related gene. Moreover, the SY18ΔL60L strain represents a new recombinant live-attenuated ASFV that can be employed in the development of additional candidate vaccine strains and in the elucidation of the mechanisms associated with ASF infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun, China
| | - Rongnian Zhu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaqi Fan
- Life Science College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xintao Zhou
- Life Science College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Huixian Yue
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun, China
| | - Qixuan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Faming Miao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun, China
| | - Teng Chen
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun, China
| | - Lijuan Mi
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun, China
| | - Shoufeng Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun, China
| | - Aidong Qian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Rongliang Hu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun, China
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10
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Zajac MD, Trujillo JD, Yao J, Kumar R, Sangewar N, Lokhandwala S, Sang H, Mallen K, McCall J, Burton L, Kumar D, Heitmann E, Burnum T, Waghela SD, Almes K, Richt J, Kim T, Mwangi W. Immunization of pigs with replication-incompetent adenovirus-vectored African swine fever virus multi-antigens induced humoral immune responses but no protection following contact challenge. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1208275. [PMID: 37404778 PMCID: PMC10316028 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1208275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a pathogen of great economic importance given that continues to threaten the pork industry worldwide, but there is no safe vaccine or treatment available. Development of a vaccine is feasible as immunization of pigs with some live attenuated ASFV vaccine candidates can confer protection, but safety concerns and virus scalability are challenges that must to be addressed. Identification of protective ASFV antigens is needed to inform the development of efficacious subunit vaccines. Methods In this study, replication-incompetent adenovirus-vectored multicistronic ASFV antigen expression constructs that covered nearly 100% of the ASFV proteome were generated and validated using ASFV convalescent serum. Swine were immunized with a cocktail of the expression constructs, designated Ad5-ASFV, alone or formulated with either Montanide ISA-201™ (ASFV-ISA-201) or BioMize® adjuvant (ASFV-BioMize). Results These constructs primed strong B cell responses as judged by anti-pp62-specific IgG responses. Notably, the Ad5-ASFV and the Ad5-ASFV ISA-201, but not the Ad5-ASFV BioMize®, immunogens primed significantly (p < 0.0001) higher anti-pp62-specific IgG responses compared with Ad5-Luciferase formulated with Montanide ISA-201™ adjuvant (Luc-ISA-201). The anti-pp62-specific IgG responses underwent significant (p < 0.0001) recall in all the vaccinees after boosting and the induced antibodies strongly recognized ASFV (Georgia 2007/1)-infected primary swine cells. However, following challenge by contact spreaders, only one pig nearly immunized with the Ad5-ASFV cocktail survived. The survivor had no typical clinical symptoms, but had viral loads and lesions consistent with chronic ASF. Discussion Besides the limited sample size used, the outcome suggests that in vivo antigen expression, but not the antigen content, might be the limitation of this immunization approach as the replication-incompetent adenovirus does not amplify in vivo to effectively prime and expand protective immunity or directly mimic the gene transcription mechanisms of attenuated ASFV. Addressing the in vivo antigen delivery limitations may yield promising outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D. Zajac
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Jessie D. Trujillo
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Jianxiu Yao
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Rakshith Kumar
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Neha Sangewar
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Shehnaz Lokhandwala
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Huldah Sang
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Kylynn Mallen
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Jayden McCall
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Leeanna Burton
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Emily Heitmann
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Tristan Burnum
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Suryakant D. Waghela
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Kelli Almes
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Juergen Richt
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Tae Kim
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Waithaka Mwangi
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
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11
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Han N, Qu H, Xu T, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Ge S. Summary of the Current Status of African Swine Fever Vaccine Development in China. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040762. [PMID: 37112673 PMCID: PMC10145671 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly lethal and contagious disease of domestic pigs and wild boars. There is still no credible commercially available vaccine. The only existing one, issued in Vietnam, is actually used in limited quantities in limited areas, for large-scale clinical evaluation. ASF virus is a large complex virus, not inducing full neutralizing antibodies, with multiple genotypes and a lack of comprehensive research on virus infection and immunity. Since it was first reported in China in August 2018, ASF has spread rapidly across the country. To prevent, control, further purify and eradicate ASF, joint scientific and technological research on ASF vaccines has been carried out in China. In the past 4 years (2018–2022), several groups in China have been funded for the research and development of various types of ASF vaccines, achieving marked progress and reaching certain milestones. Here, we have provided a comprehensive and systematic summary of all of the relevant data regarding the current status of the development of ASF vaccines in China to provide a reference for further progress worldwide. At present, the further clinical application of the ASF vaccine still needs a lot of tests and research accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naijun Han
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, No. 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Hailong Qu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, No. 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Tiangang Xu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, No. 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266032, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, No. 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Yongxin Hu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, No. 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, No. 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Shengqiang Ge
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, No. 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266032, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, No. 369 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266032, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-53-2856-21552
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12
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Pérez-Núñez D, Sunwoo SY, García-Belmonte R, Kim C, Vigara-Astillero G, Riera E, Kim DM, Jeong J, Tark D, Ko YS, You YK, Revilla Y. Recombinant African Swine Fever Virus Arm/07/CBM/c2 Lacking CD2v and A238L Is Attenuated and Protects Pigs against Virulent Korean Paju Strain. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10121992. [PMID: 36560402 PMCID: PMC9784410 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10121992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an obligated declaration swine disease, provoking farm isolation measures and the closing of affected country boarders. ASF virus (ASFV) is currently the cause of a pandemic across China and Eurasia. By the end of 2019, ASF was detected in nine EU Member States: Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Belgium. The affected area of the EU extended progressively, moving mostly in a southwestern direction (EFSA). Inactivated and/or subunit vaccines have proven to fail since certain virus replication is needed for protection. LAVs are thus the most realistic option, which must be safe, effective and industrially scalable. We here generated a vaccine prototype from the Arm/07/CBM/c2 genotype II strain, in which we have deleted the EP402R (CD2v) and A238L genes by CRISPR/Cas9 in COS-1 cells, without detectable further genetic changes. The successful immunization of pigs has proven this vaccine to be safe and fully protective against the circulating Korean Paju genotype II strain, opening the possibility of a new vaccine on the market in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pérez-Núñez
- Microbes in Health and Welfare Department, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, c/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sun-Young Sunwoo
- Careside Co., Ltd., Sagimakgol-ro 45 Beongil 14, Seongnam-si 13209, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Raquel García-Belmonte
- Microbes in Health and Welfare Department, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, c/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Chansong Kim
- Careside Co., Ltd., Sagimakgol-ro 45 Beongil 14, Seongnam-si 13209, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gonzalo Vigara-Astillero
- Microbes in Health and Welfare Department, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, c/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Riera
- Microbes in Health and Welfare Department, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, c/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dae-min Kim
- Laboratory for infectious Disease Prevention, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Ma-dong, Iksan 54531, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Jeong
- Careside Co., Ltd., Sagimakgol-ro 45 Beongil 14, Seongnam-si 13209, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongseob Tark
- Laboratory for infectious Disease Prevention, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Ma-dong, Iksan 54531, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seung Ko
- Laboratory for infectious Disease Prevention, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Ma-dong, Iksan 54531, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kook You
- Careside Co., Ltd., Sagimakgol-ro 45 Beongil 14, Seongnam-si 13209, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yolanda Revilla
- Microbes in Health and Welfare Department, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, c/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-911964570
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