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Le VP, Nguyen VT, Le TB, Mai NTA, Nguyen VD, Than TT, Lai TNH, Cho KH, Hong SK, Kim YH, Bui TAD, Nguyen TL, Song D, Ambagala A. Detection of Recombinant African Swine Fever Virus Strains of p72 Genotypes I and II in Domestic Pigs, Vietnam, 2023. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:991-994. [PMID: 38666642 PMCID: PMC11060461 DOI: 10.3201/eid3005.231775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) genotype II is endemic to Vietnam. We detected recombinant ASFV genotypes I and II (rASFV I/II) strains in domestic pigs from 6 northern provinces in Vietnam. The introduction of rASFV I/II strains could complicate ongoing ASFV control measures in the region.
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Ambagala A, Goonewardene K, Kanoa IE, Than TT, Nguyen VT, Lai TNH, Nguyen TL, Erdelyan CNG, Robert E, Tailor N, Onyilagha C, Lamboo L, Handel K, Nebroski M, Vernygora O, Lung O, Le VP. Characterization of an African Swine Fever Virus Field Isolate from Vietnam with Deletions in the Left Variable Multigene Family Region. Viruses 2024; 16:571. [PMID: 38675912 PMCID: PMC11054794 DOI: 10.3390/v16040571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we report the characterization of a genetically modified live-attenuated African swine fever virus (ASFV) field strain isolated from Vietnam. The isolate, ASFV-GUS-Vietnam, belongs to p72 genotype II, has six multi-gene family (MGF) genes deleted, and an Escherichia coli GusA gene (GUS) inserted. When six 6-8-week-old pigs were inoculated with ASFV-GUS-Vietnam oro-nasally (2 × 105 TCID50/pig), they developed viremia, mild fever, lethargy, and inappetence, and shed the virus in their oral and nasal secretions and feces. One of the pigs developed severe clinical signs and was euthanized 12 days post-infection, while the remaining five pigs recovered. When ASFV-GUS-Vietnam was inoculated intramuscularly (2 × 103 TCID50/pig) into four 6-8 weeks old pigs, they also developed viremia, mild fever, lethargy, inappetence, and shed the virus in their oral and nasal secretions and feces. Two contact pigs housed together with the four intramuscularly inoculated pigs, started to develop fever, viremia, loss of appetite, and lethargy 12 days post-contact, confirming horizontal transmission of ASFV-GUS-Vietnam. One of the contact pigs died of ASF on day 23 post-contact, while the other one recovered. The pigs that survived the exposure to ASFV-GUS-Vietnam via the mucosal or parenteral route were fully protected against the highly virulent ASFV Georgia 2007/1 challenge. This study showed that ASFV-GUS-Vietnam field isolate is able to induce complete protection in the majority of the pigs against highly virulent homologous ASFV challenge, but has the potential for horizontal transmission, and can be fatal in some animals. This study highlights the need for proper monitoring and surveillance when ASFV live-attenuated virus-based vaccines are used in the field for ASF control in endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Ambagala
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Kalhari Goonewardene
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
| | - Ian El Kanoa
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
| | - Thi Tam Than
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.T.T.); (T.N.H.L.); (T.L.N.)
| | - Van Tam Nguyen
- Institute of Veterinary Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Thi Ngoc Ha Lai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.T.T.); (T.N.H.L.); (T.L.N.)
| | - Thi Lan Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.T.T.); (T.N.H.L.); (T.L.N.)
| | - Cassidy N. G. Erdelyan
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
| | - Erin Robert
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Nikesh Tailor
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
| | - Chukwunonso Onyilagha
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
| | - Lindsey Lamboo
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
| | - Katherine Handel
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
| | - Michelle Nebroski
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
| | - Oksana Vernygora
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
| | - Oliver Lung
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (K.G.); (I.E.K.); (C.N.G.E.); (E.R.); (N.T.); (C.O.); (L.L.); (K.H.); (M.N.); (O.V.); (O.L.)
| | - Van Phan Le
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.T.T.); (T.N.H.L.); (T.L.N.)
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Dinhobl M, Spinard E, Tesler N, Birtley H, Signore A, Ambagala A, Masembe C, Borca MV, Gladue DP. Reclassification of ASFV into 7 Biotypes Using Unsupervised Machine Learning. Viruses 2023; 16:67. [PMID: 38257767 PMCID: PMC10819123 DOI: 10.3390/v16010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2007, an outbreak of African swine fever (ASF), a deadly disease of domestic swine and wild boar caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), occurred in Georgia and has since spread globally. Historically, ASFV was classified into 25 different genotypes. However, a newly proposed system recategorized all ASFV isolates into 6 genotypes exclusively using the predicted protein sequences of p72. However, ASFV has a large genome that encodes between 150-200 genes, and classifications using a single gene are insufficient and misleading, as strains encoding an identical p72 often have significant mutations in other areas of the genome. We present here a new classification of ASFV based on comparisons performed considering the entire encoded proteome. A curated database consisting of the protein sequences predicted to be encoded by 220 reannotated ASFV genomes was analyzed for similarity between homologous protein sequences. Weights were applied to the protein identity matrices and averaged to generate a genome-genome identity matrix that was then analyzed by an unsupervised machine learning algorithm, DBSCAN, to separate the genomes into distinct clusters. We conclude that all available ASFV genomes can be classified into 7 distinct biotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Dinhobl
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (M.D.); (E.S.); (N.T.); (H.B.)
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
- Center of Excellence for African Swine Fever Genomics, Guilford, CT 06437, USA; (A.S.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Edward Spinard
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (M.D.); (E.S.); (N.T.); (H.B.)
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
- Center of Excellence for African Swine Fever Genomics, Guilford, CT 06437, USA; (A.S.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Nicolas Tesler
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (M.D.); (E.S.); (N.T.); (H.B.)
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Hillary Birtley
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (M.D.); (E.S.); (N.T.); (H.B.)
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Anthony Signore
- Center of Excellence for African Swine Fever Genomics, Guilford, CT 06437, USA; (A.S.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - Aruna Ambagala
- Center of Excellence for African Swine Fever Genomics, Guilford, CT 06437, USA; (A.S.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - Charles Masembe
- Center of Excellence for African Swine Fever Genomics, Guilford, CT 06437, USA; (A.S.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
- Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences, School of Biosciences, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Manuel V. Borca
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (M.D.); (E.S.); (N.T.); (H.B.)
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
- Center of Excellence for African Swine Fever Genomics, Guilford, CT 06437, USA; (A.S.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Douglas P. Gladue
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (M.D.); (E.S.); (N.T.); (H.B.)
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
- Center of Excellence for African Swine Fever Genomics, Guilford, CT 06437, USA; (A.S.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
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Robert E, Goonewardene K, Lamboo L, Perez O, Goolia M, Lewis C, Erdelyan CNG, Lung O, Handel K, Moffat E, Embury-Hyatt C, Amaya NN, Parra CPC, Rueda DCG, Monroy MAR, Clavijo A, Ambagala A. Molecular and Pathological Characterization of Classical Swine Fever Virus Genotype 2 Strains Responsible for the 2013-2018 Outbreak in Colombia. Viruses 2023; 15:2308. [PMID: 38140549 PMCID: PMC10747092 DOI: 10.3390/v15122308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious transboundary viral disease of domestic and wild pigs. Despite mass vaccination and continuous eradication programs, CSF remains endemic in Asia, some countries in Europe, the Caribbean and South America. Since June 2013, Northern Colombia has reported 137 CSF outbreaks, mostly in backyard production systems with low vaccination coverage. The purpose of this study was to characterize the virus responsible for the outbreak. Phylogenetic analysis based on the full-length E2 sequence shows that the virus is closely related to CSF virus (CSFV) genotype 2.6 strains circulating in Southeast Asia. The pathotyping experiment suggests that the virus responsible is a moderately virulent strain. The 190 nucleotide stretch of the E2 hypervariable region of these isolates also shows high similarity to the CSFV isolates from Colombia in 2005 and 2006, suggesting a common origin for the CSF outbreaks caused by genotype 2.6 strains. The emergence of genotype 2.6 in Colombia suggests a potential transboundary spread of CSFV from Asia to the Americas, complicating the ongoing CSF eradication efforts in the Americas, and emphasizes the need for continuous surveillance in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Robert
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Kalhari Goonewardene
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Lindsey Lamboo
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Orlando Perez
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Melissa Goolia
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Charles Lewis
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Cassidy N. G. Erdelyan
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Oliver Lung
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Katherine Handel
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Estella Moffat
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Carissa Embury-Hyatt
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Nancy Naranjo Amaya
- National Veterinary Laboratory, Instituto Colombiano Agropecurio, Bogota 110911, DC, Colombia; (N.N.A.); (C.P.C.P.); (D.C.G.R.); (M.A.R.M.)
| | - Claudia Patricia Calderón Parra
- National Veterinary Laboratory, Instituto Colombiano Agropecurio, Bogota 110911, DC, Colombia; (N.N.A.); (C.P.C.P.); (D.C.G.R.); (M.A.R.M.)
| | - Diana Cristina Gómez Rueda
- National Veterinary Laboratory, Instituto Colombiano Agropecurio, Bogota 110911, DC, Colombia; (N.N.A.); (C.P.C.P.); (D.C.G.R.); (M.A.R.M.)
| | - Maria Antonia Rincón Monroy
- National Veterinary Laboratory, Instituto Colombiano Agropecurio, Bogota 110911, DC, Colombia; (N.N.A.); (C.P.C.P.); (D.C.G.R.); (M.A.R.M.)
| | - Alfonso Clavijo
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Aruna Ambagala
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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Spinard E, Dinhobl M, Tesler N, Birtley H, Signore AV, Ambagala A, Masembe C, Borca MV, Gladue DP. A Re-Evaluation of African Swine Fever Genotypes Based on p72 Sequences Reveals the Existence of Only Six Distinct p72 Groups. Viruses 2023; 15:2246. [PMID: 38005923 PMCID: PMC10675559 DOI: 10.3390/v15112246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The African swine fever virus (ASFV) is currently causing a world-wide pandemic of a highly lethal disease in domestic swine and wild boar. Currently, recombinant ASF live-attenuated vaccines based on a genotype II virus strain are commercially available in Vietnam. With 25 reported ASFV genotypes in the literature, it is important to understand the molecular basis and usefulness of ASFV genotyping, as well as the true significance of genotypes in the epidemiology, transmission, evolution, control, and prevention of ASFV. Historically, genotyping of ASFV was used for the epidemiological tracking of the disease and was based on the analysis of small fragments that represent less than 1% of the viral genome. The predominant method for genotyping ASFV relies on the sequencing of a fragment within the gene encoding the structural p72 protein. Genotype assignment has been accomplished through automated phylogenetic trees or by comparing the target sequence to the most closely related genotyped p72 gene. To evaluate its appropriateness for the classification of genotypes by p72, we reanalyzed all available genomic data for ASFV. We conclude that the majority of p72-based genotypes, when initially created, were neither identified under any specific methodological criteria nor correctly compared with the already existing ASFV genotypes. Based on our analysis of the p72 protein sequences, we propose that the current twenty-five genotypes, created exclusively based on the p72 sequence, should be reduced to only six genotypes. To help differentiate between the new and old genotype classification systems, we propose that Arabic numerals (1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 23) be used instead of the previously used Roman numerals. Furthermore, we discuss the usefulness of genotyping ASFV isolates based only on the p72 gene sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Spinard
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (E.S.); (M.D.); (N.T.); (H.B.)
- National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
- Center of Excellence for African Swine Fever Genomics, Guilford, CT 06437, USA; (A.V.S.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Mark Dinhobl
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (E.S.); (M.D.); (N.T.); (H.B.)
- National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
- Center of Excellence for African Swine Fever Genomics, Guilford, CT 06437, USA; (A.V.S.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Nicolas Tesler
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (E.S.); (M.D.); (N.T.); (H.B.)
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Hillary Birtley
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (E.S.); (M.D.); (N.T.); (H.B.)
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Anthony V. Signore
- Center of Excellence for African Swine Fever Genomics, Guilford, CT 06437, USA; (A.V.S.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - Aruna Ambagala
- Center of Excellence for African Swine Fever Genomics, Guilford, CT 06437, USA; (A.V.S.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - Charles Masembe
- Center of Excellence for African Swine Fever Genomics, Guilford, CT 06437, USA; (A.V.S.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
- College of Natural Resources (CoNAS), Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Manuel V. Borca
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (E.S.); (M.D.); (N.T.); (H.B.)
- National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
- Center of Excellence for African Swine Fever Genomics, Guilford, CT 06437, USA; (A.V.S.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Douglas P. Gladue
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (E.S.); (M.D.); (N.T.); (H.B.)
- National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
- Center of Excellence for African Swine Fever Genomics, Guilford, CT 06437, USA; (A.V.S.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
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Embury-Hyatt C, Moffat E, Zhmendak D, Erdelyan CNG, Collignon B, Goonewardene K, Ambagala A, Yang M. Generation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against an African swine fever virus protein encoded by the A137R gene. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1286906. [PMID: 37929283 PMCID: PMC10621787 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1286906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing African swine fever (ASF) pandemic continues to have a major impact on global pork production and trade. Since ASF cannot be distinguished from other swine hemorrhagic fevers clinically, ASF-specific laboratory diagnosis is critical. Thus ASF virus (ASFV)-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are critical for the development of laboratory diagnostics. In this study, we report one ASFV-specific mAb, F88ASF-55, that was generated and characterized. This mAb recognizes the ASFV A137R-encoded protein (pA137R). Epitope mapping results revealed a highly conserved linear epitope recognized by this mAb, corresponding to amino acids 111-125 of pA137R. We explored the potential use of this mAb in diagnostic applications. Using F88ASF-55 as the detection antibody, six ASFV strains were detected in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with low background. In immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays, this mAb specifically recognized ASFV antigens in the submandibular lymph nodes of animals experimentally infected with different ASFV strains. Although not all ASFV genotypes were tested in this study, based on the conserved ASFV epitope targeted by F88ASF-55, it has the potential to detect multiple ASFV genotypes. In conclusion, this newly generated ASFV pA137R-specific mAb has potential value in ASF diagnostic tool development. It can be used in ELISA, IHC, and possibly-immunochromatographic strip assays for ASFV detection. It also suggests that pA137R may be a good target for diagnostic assays to detect ASFV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aruna Ambagala
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ming Yang
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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7
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Mai NTA, Dam VP, Cho KH, Nguyen VT, Van Tuyen N, Nguyen TL, Ambagala A, Park JY, Le VP. Emergence of a novel intergenic region (IGR) IV variant of african swine fever virus genotype II in domestic pigs in Vietnam. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1773-1776. [PMID: 36823481 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes African swine fever (ASF), a deadly disease affecting both domestic pigs and wild boars. ASF has become endemic in Vietnam since its first appearance in early 2019. Our previous molecular surveillance studies revealed that all the ASFV strains circulating in Vietnam belong to p72 genotype II, p54 genotype II, CD2v serogroup 8, and CVR of B602L gene variant type I. However, the genetic analysis based on the tandem repeat sequences located between I73R and I329L genes revealed three different intergenic region (IGR) variants; I, II, and III. In this study, using ASFV field isolates collected from September 24th to December 27th, 2021, we report, for the first time, novel IGR IV variants circulating in the Vietnamese pig population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Tuan Anh Mai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van Phai Dam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ki-Hyun Cho
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Van Tam Nguyen
- Institute of Veterinary Science and Technology (IVST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Thi Lan Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Aruna Ambagala
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jee-Yong Park
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Van Phan Le
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- Institute of Veterinary Science and Technology (IVST), Hanoi, Vietnam.
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8
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Spinard E, Rai A, Osei-Bonsu J, O’Donnell V, Ababio PT, Tawiah-Yingar D, Arthur D, Baah D, Ramirez-Medina E, Espinoza N, Valladares A, Faburay B, Ambagala A, Odoom T, Borca MV, Gladue DP. The 2022 Outbreaks of African Swine Fever Virus Demonstrate the First Report of Genotype II in Ghana. Viruses 2023; 15:1722. [PMID: 37632064 PMCID: PMC10459280 DOI: 10.3390/v15081722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a lethal disease of domestic pigs that has been causing outbreaks for over a century in Africa ever since its first discovery in 1921. Since 1957, there have been sporadic outbreaks outside of Africa; however, no outbreak has been as devastating and as far-reaching as the current pandemic that originated from a 2007 outbreak in the Republic of Georgia. Derivatives with a high degree of similarity to the progenitor strain, ASFV-Georgia/2007, have been sequenced from various countries in Europe and Asia. However, the current strains circulating in Africa are largely unknown, and 24 different genotypes have been implicated in different outbreaks. In this study, ASF isolates were collected from samples from swine suspected of dying from ASF on farms in Ghana in early 2022. While previous studies determined that the circulating strains in Ghana were p72 Genotype I, we demonstrate here that the strains circulating in 2022 were derivatives of the p72 Genotype II pandemic strain. Therefore, this study demonstrates for the first time the emergence of Genotype II ASFV in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Spinard
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (E.S.); (E.R.-M.); (N.E.)
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Unit Name, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
- Center of Excellence for African Swine Fever Genomics, Guilford, CT 06437, USA (A.A.); (T.O.)
| | - Ayushi Rai
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (E.S.); (E.R.-M.); (N.E.)
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Unit Name, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Jehadi Osei-Bonsu
- Accra Veterinary Laboratory of Veterinary Services Directorate, Accra P.O. Box GA184, Ghana (P.T.A.); (D.T.-Y.); (D.A.); (D.B.)
- Animal and Plant Inspection Service, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - Vivian O’Donnell
- Departmenr of Libral Arts & Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA;
| | - Patrick T. Ababio
- Accra Veterinary Laboratory of Veterinary Services Directorate, Accra P.O. Box GA184, Ghana (P.T.A.); (D.T.-Y.); (D.A.); (D.B.)
| | - Daniel Tawiah-Yingar
- Accra Veterinary Laboratory of Veterinary Services Directorate, Accra P.O. Box GA184, Ghana (P.T.A.); (D.T.-Y.); (D.A.); (D.B.)
| | - Daniel Arthur
- Accra Veterinary Laboratory of Veterinary Services Directorate, Accra P.O. Box GA184, Ghana (P.T.A.); (D.T.-Y.); (D.A.); (D.B.)
| | - Daniel Baah
- Accra Veterinary Laboratory of Veterinary Services Directorate, Accra P.O. Box GA184, Ghana (P.T.A.); (D.T.-Y.); (D.A.); (D.B.)
| | - Elizabeth Ramirez-Medina
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (E.S.); (E.R.-M.); (N.E.)
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Unit Name, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Nallely Espinoza
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (E.S.); (E.R.-M.); (N.E.)
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Unit Name, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Alyssa Valladares
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (E.S.); (E.R.-M.); (N.E.)
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Unit Name, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Bonto Faburay
- Center of Excellence for African Swine Fever Genomics, Guilford, CT 06437, USA (A.A.); (T.O.)
- Animal and Plant Inspection Service, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - Aruna Ambagala
- Center of Excellence for African Swine Fever Genomics, Guilford, CT 06437, USA (A.A.); (T.O.)
- Animal and Plant Inspection Service, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - Theophlius Odoom
- Center of Excellence for African Swine Fever Genomics, Guilford, CT 06437, USA (A.A.); (T.O.)
- Departmenr of Libral Arts & Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA;
| | - Manuel V. Borca
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (E.S.); (E.R.-M.); (N.E.)
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Unit Name, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
- Center of Excellence for African Swine Fever Genomics, Guilford, CT 06437, USA (A.A.); (T.O.)
| | - Douglas P. Gladue
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (E.S.); (E.R.-M.); (N.E.)
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Unit Name, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
- Center of Excellence for African Swine Fever Genomics, Guilford, CT 06437, USA (A.A.); (T.O.)
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9
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Allen SE, Vigil SL, Furukawa-Stoffer T, Colucci N, Ambagala A, Pearl DL, Ruder MG, Jardine CM, Nemeth NM. Abundance and diversity of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in southern Ontario, Canada. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:201. [PMID: 37316934 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05799-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) is a genus of hematophagous midges feeding on various vertebrate hosts and serving as a vector for numerous pathogens important to livestock and wildlife health. North American pathogens include bluetongue (BT) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) viruses. Little is known about Culicoides spp. distribution and abundance and species composition in Ontario, Canada, despite bordering numerous U.S. states with documented Culicoides spp. and BT and EHD virus activity. We sought to characterize Culicoides spp. distribution and abundance and to investigate whether select meteorological and ecological risk factors influenced the abundance of Culicoides biguttatus, C. stellifer, and the subgenus Avaritia trapped throughout southern Ontario. METHODS From June to October of 2017 to 2018, CDC-type LED light suction traps were placed on twelve livestock-associated sites across southern Ontario. Culicoides spp. collected were morphologically identified to the species level when possible. Associations were examined using negative binomial regression among C. biguttatus, C. stellifer, and subgenus Avaritia abundance, and select factors: ambient temperature, rainfall, primary livestock species, latitude, and habitat type. RESULTS In total, 33,905 Culicoides spp. midges were collected, encompassing 14 species from seven subgenera and one species group. Culicoides sonorensis was collected from three sites during both years. Within Ontario, the northern trapping locations had a pattern of seasonal peak abundance in August (2017) and July (2018), and the southern locations had abundance peaks in June for both years. Culicoides biguttatus, C. stellifer, and subgenus Avaritia were significantly more abundant if ovine was the primary livestock species at trapping sites (compared to bovine). Culicoides stellifer and subgenus Avaritia were significantly more abundant at mid- to high-temperature ranges on trap days (i.e., 17.3-20.2 and 20.3-31.0 °C compared to 9.5-17.2 °C). Additionally, subgenus Avaritia were significantly more abundant if rainfall 4 weeks prior was between 2.7 and 20.1 mm compared to 0.0 mm and if rainfall 8 weeks prior was between 0.1 and 2.1 mm compared to 0.0 mm. CONCLUSIONS Results from our study describe Culicoides spp. distribution in southern Ontario, the potential for spread and maintenance of EHD and BT viruses, and concurrent health risks to livestock and wildlife in southern Ontario in reference to certain meteorological and ecological risk factors. We identified that Culicoides spp. are diverse in this province, and appear to be distinctly distributed spatially and temporally. The livestock species present, temperature, and rainfall appear to have an impact on the abundance of C. biguttatus, C. stellifer, and subgenus Avaritia trapped. These findings could help inform targeted surveillance, control measures, and the development of management guides for Culicoides spp. and EHD and BT viruses in southern Ontario, Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E Allen
- Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Veterinary Services, Laramie, USA.
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
- Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
| | - Stacey L Vigil
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Tara Furukawa-Stoffer
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Animal Diseases, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Nicole Colucci
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Animal Diseases, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Aruna Ambagala
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - David L Pearl
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Mark G Ruder
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Claire M Jardine
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
- Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Nicole M Nemeth
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
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10
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Ambagala A, Goonewardene K, Lamboo L, Goolia M, Erdelyan C, Fisher M, Handel K, Lung O, Blome S, King J, Forth JH, Calvelage S, Spinard E, Gladue DP, Masembe C, Adedeji AJ, Olubade T, Maurice NA, Ularamu HG, Luka PD. Characterization of a Novel African Swine Fever Virus p72 Genotype II from Nigeria. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040915. [PMID: 37112895 PMCID: PMC10146018 DOI: 10.3390/v15040915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a high-consequence transboundary hemorrhagic fever of swine. It continues to spread across the globe causing socio-economic issues and threatening food security and biodiversity. In 2020, Nigeria reported a major ASF outbreak, killing close to half a million pigs. Based on the partial sequences of the genes B646L (p72) and E183L (p54), the virus responsible for the outbreak was identified as an African swine fever virus (ASFV) p72 genotype II. Here, we report further characterization of ASFV RV502, one of the isolates obtained during the outbreak. The whole genome sequence of this virus revealed a deletion of 6535 bp between the nucleotide positions 11,760–18,295 of the genome, and an apparent reverse complement duplication of the 5′ end of the genome at the 3′ end. Phylogenetically, ASFV RV502 clustered together with ASFV MAL/19/Karonga and ASFV Tanzania/Rukwa/2017/1 suggesting that the virus responsible for the 2020 outbreak in Nigeria has a South-eastern African origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Ambagala
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Kalhari Goonewardene
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - Lindsey Lamboo
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - Melissa Goolia
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - Cassidy Erdelyan
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - Mathew Fisher
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - Katherine Handel
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - Oliver Lung
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - Sandra Blome
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jacqueline King
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan Hendrik Forth
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sten Calvelage
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Edward Spinard
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - Douglas P. Gladue
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY 11944, USA
| | - Charles Masembe
- College of Natural Resources (CoNAS), Makerere University, Kampala P.O Box 7062, Uganda
| | | | - Toyin Olubade
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom 930103, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Pam D. Luka
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom 930103, Nigeria
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11
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Norouzi M, Truong T, Jaenes K, Warner BM, Vendramelli R, Tierney K, Kobasa D, Tailor N, Plant P, dos Santos C, Babiuk S, Ambagala A, Pardee K. Cell-Free Dot Blot: an Ultra-Low-Cost and Practical Immunoassay Platform for Detection of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Human and Animal Sera. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0245722. [PMID: 36719206 PMCID: PMC10101024 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02457-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its emergence in late 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused severe disruption to key aspects of human life globally and highlighted the need for timely, adaptive, and accessible pandemic response strategies. Here, we introduce the cell-free dot blot (CFDB) method, a practical and ultra-low-cost immune diagnostic platform capable of rapid response and mass immunity screening for the current and future pandemics. Similar in mechanism to the widely used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), our method is novel and advantageous in that (i) it uses linear DNA to produce the target viral antigen fused to a SpyTag peptide in a cell-free expression system without the need for traditional cloning and antigen purification, (ii) it uses SpyCatcher2-Apex2, an Escherichia coli-produced peroxidase conjugate as a universal secondary detection reagent, obviating the need for commercial or sophisticated enzyme conjugates, and (iii) sera are spotted directly on a nitrocellulose membrane, enabling a simple "dipping" mechanism for downstream incubation and washing steps, as opposed to individual processing of wells in a multiwell plate. To demonstrate the utility of our method, we performed CFDB to detect anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 nucleocapsid protein antibodies in precharacterized human sera (23 negative and 36 positive for COVID-19) and hamster sera (16 negative and 36 positive for COVID-19), including independent testing at a collaborating laboratory, and we show assay performance comparable to that of conventional ELISAs. At a similar capacity to 96-well plate ELISA kits, one CFDB assay costs only ~$3 USD. We believe that CFDB can become a valuable pandemic response tool for adaptive and accessible sero-surveillance in human and animal populations. IMPORTANCE The recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for diagnostic platforms that are rapidly adaptable, affordable, and accessible globally, especially for low-resource settings. To address this need, we describe the development and functional validation of a novel immunoassay technique termed the cell-free dot blot (CFDB) method. Based on the principles of cell-free synthetic biology and alternative dot blotting procedures, our CFDB immunoassay is designed to provide for timely, practical, and low-cost responses to existing and emerging public health threats, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, at a similar throughput and comparable performance as conventional ELISAs. Notably, the molecular detection reagents used in CFDB can be produced rapidly in-house, using established protocols and basic laboratory infrastructure, minimizing reliance on strained commercial reagents. In addition, the materials and imaging instruments required for CFDB are the same as those used for common Western blotting experiments, further expanding the reach of CFDB in decentralized facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Norouzi
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thang Truong
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Katariina Jaenes
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bryce M. Warner
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Robert Vendramelli
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kevin Tierney
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nikesh Tailor
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Diseases, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Pamela Plant
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claudia dos Santos
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shawn Babiuk
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Diseases, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Aruna Ambagala
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Diseases, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Keith Pardee
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Trinh TBN, Nguyen VT, Nguyen TTH, Mai NTA, Le PN, Lai TNH, Phan TH, Tran DH, Pham NT, Dam VP, Nguyen TL, Ambagala A, Babiuk S, Le VP. Molecular and histopathological characterization of lumpy skin disease in cattle in northern Vietnam during the 2020-2021 outbreaks. Arch Virol 2022; 167:2143-2149. [PMID: 35831756 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05533-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a serious emerging infectious disease in cattle caused by a virus of the family Poxviridae. According to the Department of Animal Health, LSD first occurred in Vietnam at the end of October 2020 in Cao Bang and Lang Son provinces. So far, the disease has infected over 63,000 animals, resulting in 9170 deaths occurring in 32 different provinces in northern and central Vietnam. In this study, skin samples from lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV)-infected cattle from the northern provinces of Vietnam displaying clinical symptoms including fever (> 40 °C), runny nose, drooling, and skin lesions were used for genetic characterization and histopathology. Genetic analysis of the partial P32 (LSDV074), partial F (LSDV117), complete RPO30 (LSDV035), and complete G-protein-coupled-chemokine-like receptor (GPCR) (LSDV011) genes showed that all Vietnamese LSDV strains belonged to the genus Capripoxvirus and were closely related to LSDV strains isolated in China. Microscopic examination of the skin lesions showed thickening of the epidermal layer of the skin and hair follicles, hyperplasia of sebaceous glands, intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, and hemorrhages in the mesoderm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Van Tam Nguyen
- Research Centre for Plant and Animal Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Nguyen Tuan Anh Mai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Nam Le
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Ngoc Ha Lai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Huong Phan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duc Hoan Tran
- Bac Giang Agriculture and Forestry University, Bac Giang, Vietnam
| | | | - Van Phai Dam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Lan Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Aruna Ambagala
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shawn Babiuk
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Van Phan Le
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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13
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Mai NTA, Trinh TBN, Nguyen VT, Lai TNH, Le NP, Nguyen TTH, Nguyen TL, Ambagala A, Do DL, Le VP. Estimation of basic reproduction number (R0) of African swine fever (ASF) in mid-size commercial pig farms in Vietnam. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:918438. [PMID: 36246317 PMCID: PMC9556723 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.918438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating disease affecting the global swine industry. Recently, it has spread to many countries in Africa, Europe, Asia, and the Caribbean, leaving severe damage to local, regional, national, and global economies. Due to its highly complex molecular characteristics and pathogenesis, the development of a successful vaccine has been an unmet challenge. Therefore, ASF control relies solely on biosecurity, rapid detection, and elimination. Epidemiological information obtained from natural ASF outbreaks is critical for designing and implementing ASF control measures. Basic reproduction number (R0), an epidemiological metric used to describe the contagiousness or transmissibility of infectious agents, is an important epidemiological tool. In this study, we have calculated R0 for the in-farm spread of ASF among fattening pigs and sows in two midsize commercial pig farms, HY1 and HY2, that practice the spot removal approach in controlling ASF outbreaks in Vietnam. The R0 values for the sows and fattening pigs were 1.78 (1.35–2.35) and 4.76 (4.18–5.38) for HY1 and 1.55 (1.08–2.18) and 3.8 (3.33–4.28) for HY2. This is the first study to evaluate the transmission potential of ASF in midsize commercial pig farms in Vietnam. Based on the R0 values, we predict that the spot removal approach could be used to successfully control ASF outbreaks in midsize commercial sow barns but not in fattening pens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Tuan Anh Mai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Bich Ngoc Trinh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van Tam Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Ngoc Ha Lai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nam Phuong Le
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thu Huyen Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Bac Giang Agriculture and Forestry University, Bac Giang, Vietnam
| | - Thi Lan Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Aruna Ambagala
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Duc Luc Do
- College of Animal Sciences, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van Phan Le
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
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14
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Milián-García Y, Hempel CA, Janke LAA, Young RG, Furukawa-Stoffer T, Ambagala A, Steinke D, Hanner RH. Mitochondrial genome sequencing, mapping, and assembly benchmarking for Culicoides species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). BMC Genomics 2022; 23:584. [PMID: 35962326 PMCID: PMC9375341 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial genomes are the most sequenced genomes after bacterial and fungal genomic DNA. However, little information on mitogenomes is available for multiple metazoan taxa, such as Culicoides, a globally distributed, megadiverse genus containing 1,347 species. AIM Generating novel mitogenomic information from single Culicoides sonorensis and C. biguttatus specimens, comparing available mitogenome mapping and de novo assembly tools, and identifying the best performing strategy and tools for Culicoides species. RESULTS We present two novel and fully annotated mitochondrial haplotypes for two Culicoides species, C. sonorensis and C. biguttatus. We also annotated or re-annotated the only available reference mitogenome for C. sonorensis and C. arakawae. All species present a high similarity in mitogenome organization. The general gene arrangement for all Culicoides species was identical to the ancestral insect mitochondrial genome. Only short spacers were found in C. sonorensis (up to 30 bp), contrary to C. biguttatus (up to 114 bp). The mitochondrial genes ATP8, NAD2, NAD6, and LSU rRNA exhibited the highest nucleotide diversity and pairwise interspecific p genetic distance, suggesting that these genes might be suitable and complementary molecular barcodes for Culicoides identification in addition to the commonly utilized COI gene. We observed performance differences between the compared mitogenome generation strategies. The mapping strategy outperformed the de novo assembly strategy, but mapping results were partially biased in the absence of species-specific reference mitogenome. Among the utilized tools, BWA performed best for C. sonorensis while SPAdes, MEGAHIT, and MitoZ were among the best for C. biguttatus. The best-performing mitogenome annotator was MITOS2. Additionally, we were able to recover exogenous mitochondrial DNA from Bos taurus (biting midges host) from a C. biguttatus blood meal sample. CONCLUSIONS Two novel annotated mitogenome haplotypes for C. sonorensis and C. biguttatus using High-Throughput Sequencing are presented. Current results are useful as the baseline for mitogenome reconstruction of the remaining Culicoides species from single specimens to HTS and genome annotation. Mapping to a species-specific reference mitogenome generated better results for Culicoides mitochondrial genome reconstruction than de novo assembly, while de novo assembly resulted better in the absence of a closely related reference mitogenome. These results have direct implications for molecular-based identification of these vectors of human and zoonotic diseases, setting the basis for using the whole mitochondrial genome as a marker in Culicoides identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoamel Milián-García
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Christopher A Hempel
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Lauren A A Janke
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.,John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape, and Design, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B3, Canada
| | - Robert G Young
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Tara Furukawa-Stoffer
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Animal Disease, 225090 Township Road 9-1, Lethbridge LaboratoryLethbridge, AB, T1J 0P3, Canada
| | - Aruna Ambagala
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, 1015, Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - Dirk Steinke
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Robert H Hanner
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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15
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Allen SE, Vigil SL, Jardine CM, Furukawa-Stoffer T, Colucci N, Ambagala A, Ruder MG, Nemeth NM. New Distribution Records of Biting Midges of the Genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) Latreille, Culicoides bergi and Culicoides baueri, in Southern Ontario, Canada. J Med Entomol 2022; 59:1467-1472. [PMID: 35468207 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Some species of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) can be pests as well as pathogen vectors, but data on their distribution in Ontario, Canada, are sparse. Collecting this baseline data is important given ongoing, accelerated alterations in global climate patterns that may favor the establishment of some species in northern latitudes. Culicoides spp. were surveyed using UV light traps over two seasons in 2017 and 2018 at livestock farms in southern Ontario, Canada. Two Culicoides spp. not previously recorded in Canada were identified, C. bergi and C. baueri, representing new country and provincial records. Unlike some congenerics, these two species are not currently recognized as vectors of pathogens that pose a health risk to humans, livestock or wildlife in North America. However, the possibility that these Culicoides species may have recently expanded their geographic range, potentially in association with climate and/or landscape changes, warrants ongoing attention and research. Furthermore, our results provoke the question of the potential undocumented diversity of Culicoides spp. in Ontario and other parts of Canada, and whether other Culicoides spp. may be undergoing range expansion. The current and future distributions of Culicoides spp., and other potential vectors of human, agricultural, and wildlife health significance, are important to identify for proper disease risk assessment, mitigation, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Allen
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 419 Gordon St, Guelph N1G 2W1, Canada
- Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 419 Gordon Street, Guelph N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - S L Vigil
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 589 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - C M Jardine
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 419 Gordon St, Guelph N1G 2W1, Canada
- Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 419 Gordon Street, Guelph N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - T Furukawa-Stoffer
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Animal Diseases, 225090 Township Road 9-1, Lethbridge, AB T1J 0P3, Canada
| | - N Colucci
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Animal Diseases, 225090 Township Road 9-1, Lethbridge, AB T1J 0P3, Canada
| | - A Ambagala
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, 1015 Arlington St, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P6, Canada
| | - M G Ruder
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 589 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - N M Nemeth
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 589 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, 501 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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16
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Nguyen VT, Cho KH, Mai NTA, Park JY, Trinh TBN, Jang MK, Nguyen TTH, Vu XD, Nguyen TL, Nguyen VD, Ambagala A, Kim YJ, Le VP. Multiple variants of African swine fever virus circulating in Vietnam. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1137-1140. [PMID: 35190886 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious and deadly viral disease affecting swine of all ages. ASF was first reported in Vietnam in February 2019, and it is now considered endemic in Vietnam. In this study, 122 ASF-positive samples collected from domestic pigs in 28 different provinces of northern, central, and southern Vietnam during outbreaks in 2019-2021 were genetically characterized. The findings confirmed that all ASF virus (ASFV) strains circulating in Vietnam belonged to p72 genotype II, p54 genotype II, CD2v serogroup 8, and CVR gene variant type I. However, further analysis based on the tandem repeat sequences located between I73R and I329L genes revealed that there were three different variants of ASFV, IGR I, II, and III, circulating in the domestic pig population in Vietnam. The IGR II variants were the most prevalent (117/122 strains) and were detected in pigs in all of the provinces tested, followed by IGR III (4/122 strains) and IGR I (1/122 strains). This study confirms for the first time the presence of IGR III variants in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Tam Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ki-Hyun Cho
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, South Korea
| | - Nguyen Tuan Anh Mai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jee-Yong Park
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, South Korea
| | - Thi Bich Ngoc Trinh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Min-Kyung Jang
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, South Korea
| | - Thi Thu Huyen Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Bac Giang Agriculture and Forestry University, Bac Giang, Vietnam
| | - Xuan Dang Vu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Lan Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van Diep Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Aruna Ambagala
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Yong-Joo Kim
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, South Korea.
| | - Van Phan Le
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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17
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Onyilagha C, Nguyen K, Luka PD, Hussaini U, Adedeji A, Odoom T, Ambagala A. Evaluation of a Lateral Flow Assay for Rapid Detection of African Swine Fever Virus in Multiple Sample Types. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020138. [PMID: 35215082 PMCID: PMC8877915 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-based lateral flow assay (LFA) is a quick and inexpensive tool used to detect pathogens in field samples, especially in hard-to-reach remote areas that may have limited access to central laboratories during an outbreak or surveillance. In this study, we investigated the ability of a commercially available LFA, PenCheck®, to detect African swine fever virus (ASFV) in clinical samples derived from pigs infected with highly virulent ASFV strains. The assay was specific and positively identified the majority of pigs showing high fever during the early stages (between 3 and 5 days) of infection. PenCheck® LFA also detected ASFV in serum and tissue samples collected from pigs that succumbed to experimental ASFV infection and whole blood, plasma, and tissue samples from the field. The limit of detection of the assay was ASFV titer 107.80 TCID50/mL, corresponding to ASFV real-time PCR values below 23 Ct. Although the sensitivity of the assay is less than that of the laboratory-based real-time PCR assays, the results obtained with the PenCheck® LFA in this study suggest that it can be used as a herd-level, field-deployable, and easy-to-use diagnostic tool to identify ASF-affected farms when access to portable molecular assays or central laboratories is not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwunonso Onyilagha
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (C.O.); (K.N.)
| | - Kelvin Nguyen
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (C.O.); (K.N.)
| | - Pam D. Luka
- Virology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, P.M.B 01, Vom 930001, Plateau, Nigeria; (P.D.L.); (U.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Ularamu Hussaini
- Virology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, P.M.B 01, Vom 930001, Plateau, Nigeria; (P.D.L.); (U.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Adeyinka Adedeji
- Virology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, P.M.B 01, Vom 930001, Plateau, Nigeria; (P.D.L.); (U.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Theophilus Odoom
- Accra Laboratory, Veterinary Services Directorate, Accra P.O. Box M161, Ghana;
| | - Aruna Ambagala
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (C.O.); (K.N.)
- Department of Comparative Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-204-789-2013
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18
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Onyilagha C, Nash M, Perez O, Goolia M, Clavijo A, Richt JA, Ambagala A. Meat Exudate for Detection of African Swine Fever Virus Genomic Material and Anti-ASFV Antibodies. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091744. [PMID: 34578325 PMCID: PMC8472811 DOI: 10.3390/v13091744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most important viral diseases of pigs caused by the ASF virus (ASFV). The virus is highly stable over a wide range of temperatures and pH and can survive in meat and meat products for several months, leading to long-distance transmission of ASF. Whole blood, serum, and organs from infected pigs are used routinely as approved sample types in the laboratory diagnosis of ASF. However, these sample types may not always be available. Here, we investigated meat exudate as an alternative sample type for the detection of ASFV-specific nucleic acids and antibodies. Pigs were infected with various ASFV strains: the highly virulent ASFV Malawi LIL 18/2 strain, the moderately-virulent ASFV Estonia 2014 strain, or the low-virulent ASFV OURT/88/3 strain. The animals were euthanized on different days post-infection (dpi), and meat exudates were collected and tested for the presence of ASFV-specific nucleic acids and antibodies. Animals infected with the ASFV Malawi LIL 18/2 developed severe clinical signs and succumbed to the infection within seven dpi, while pigs infected with ASFV Estonia 2014 also developed clinical signs but survived longer, with a few animals seroconverting before succumbing to the ASFV infection or being euthanized as they reached humane endpoints. Pigs infected with ASFV OURT/88/3 developed transient fever and seroconverted without mortality. ASFV genomic material was detected in meat exudate from pigs infected with ASFV Malawi LIL 18/2 and ASFV Estonia 2014 at the onset of viremia but at a lower amount when compared to the corresponding whole blood samples. Low levels of ASFV genomic material were detected in the whole blood of ASFV OURT/88/3-infected pigs, and no ASFV genomic material was detected in the meat exudate of these animals. Anti-ASFV antibodies were detected in the serum and meat exudate derived from ASFV OURT/88/3-infected pigs and in some of the samples derived from the ASFV Estonia 2014-infected pigs. These results indicate that ASFV genomic material and anti-ASFV antibodies can be detected in meat exudate, indicating that this sample can be used as an alternative sample type for ASF surveillance when routine sample types are unavailable or are not easily accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwunonso Onyilagha
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (C.O.); (M.N.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Mikyla Nash
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (C.O.); (M.N.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Orlando Perez
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (C.O.); (M.N.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Melissa Goolia
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (C.O.); (M.N.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Alfonso Clavijo
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (C.O.); (M.N.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (A.C.)
- National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Juergen A. Richt
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
| | - Aruna Ambagala
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada; (C.O.); (M.N.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (A.C.)
- Department of Comparative Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Correspondence:
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19
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Goonewardene KB, Chung CJ, Goolia M, Blakemore L, Fabian A, Mohamed F, Nfon C, Clavijo A, Dodd KA, Ambagala A. Cover Image. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Trinh TBN, Truong T, Nguyen VT, Vu XD, Dao LA, Nguyen TL, Ambagala A, Babiuk S, Oh J, Song D, Le VP. Development of a novel real-time PCR assay targeting p54 gene for rapid detection of African swine fever virus (ASFV) strains circulating in Vietnam. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:2268-2272. [PMID: 34388311 PMCID: PMC8604108 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) continues to cause outbreaks throughout regions of Africa, Europe and Asia. The disease can cause severe morbidity and mortality resulting in serious economic losses. Since there is no vaccine available to control ASF, early detection is critical to contain and control the disease. The aim of this study was to develop a novel real‐time PCR assay based on highly conserved ASFV gene E183L (p54). The limit of detection of the assay, VNUA‐p54 real‐time PCR, was 2.63 copies/reaction and 2 Log10 HAD50/ml. The VNUA‐p54 real‐time PCR was able to detect fifteen different ASFV reference strains representing p72 genotypes I, II and V. The assay was specific and did not amplify other swine viruses including CSFV, FMDV, PRRSV and PEDV. The diagnostic sensitivity of the real‐time PCR assay was evaluated using 200 field clinical specimens collected from swine farms located in different provinces in Vietnam. The VNUA‐p54 real‐time PCR assay is an additional tool for ASF diagnostics and can be used in combination with other p72 based ASFV real‐time PCR assays as a rapid confirmatory assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Bich Ngoc Trinh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thang Truong
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Van Tam Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Xuan Dang Vu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Anh Dao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Lan Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Aruna Ambagala
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shawn Babiuk
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jinsik Oh
- Median Diagnostics, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
| | - Daesub Song
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Van Phan Le
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
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21
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Abstract
In September 2019, high mortality in commercial rabbits was reported in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 phylogenetically related to isolates from 2015–2017 outbreaks in the Netherlands was confirmed as the causative agent. The virus has not yet been detected in native rabbits in Ghana.
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22
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Goonewardene KB, Chung CJ, Goolia M, Blakemore L, Fabian A, Mohamed F, Nfon C, Clavijo A, Dodd KA, Ambagala A. Evaluation of oral fluid as an aggregate sample for early detection of African swine fever virus using four independent pen-based experimental studies. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 68:2867-2877. [PMID: 34075717 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The sustained spread of African swine fever (ASF) virus throughout much of the world has made ASF a global animal health priority, with an increased emphasis on enhancing preparedness to prevent, detect and respond to a potential outbreak of ASF virus (ASFV). In the event of ASFV entry to the North American swine population, enhanced surveillance and diagnostic testing strategies will be critical to facilitate progressive response and eradication of the disease. Compared to individual animal sampling, pen-based oral fluid collection for active surveillance is a non-invasive alternative that is less resource and time-intensive. To evaluate the feasibility of using rope-based oral fluid for early detection of ASFV, four independent animal experiments were conducted in weaned pigs housed in numbers that mimic the industry settings, utilising either highly virulent ASFV Georgia 2007/1 strain or moderately virulent ASFV Malta'78 strain. Pen-based oral fluid and individual oropharyngeal swabs were collected daily and blood samples from each animal were collected every other day. All samples were subsequently tested for ASFV by real-time PCR. ASFV genome was detected in individual blood samples as early as one day post-infection and detected in oral fluids at low-to-moderate levels as early as 3-5 days post-infection in all four independent experiments. These results suggest that pen-based oral fluid samples may be used to supplement the use of traditional samples for rapid detection of ASFV during ASF surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalhari B Goonewardene
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Chungwon J Chung
- Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, NVSL, VS, APHIS, USDA, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, New York
| | - Melissa Goolia
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Leslie Blakemore
- Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, NVSL, VS, APHIS, USDA, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, New York
| | - Andrew Fabian
- Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, NVSL, VS, APHIS, USDA, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, New York
| | - Fawzi Mohamed
- Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, NVSL, VS, APHIS, USDA, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, New York
| | - Charles Nfon
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Alfonso Clavijo
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kimberly A Dodd
- Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, NVSL, VS, APHIS, USDA, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, New York
| | - Aruna Ambagala
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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23
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Ambagala A, Schwantje H, Laurendeau S, Snyman H, Joseph T, Pickering B, Hooper-McGrevy K, Babiuk S, Moffat E, Lamboo L, Lung O, Goolia M, Pinette M, Embury-Hyatt C. Incursions of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 in Canada-Clinical, molecular and epidemiological investigation. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 68:1711-1720. [PMID: 33915034 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2) is a newly emerging Lagovirus belonging to the family Caliciviridae. After its first discovery in 2010 in France, this highly pathogenic virus rapidly spread to neighbouring countries and has become the dominant strain, replacing the classical RHDV strains. RHDV2 was first reported in North America in 2016 in Mont-Joli, Quebec, Canada, and it was reported again in 2018 and 2019 on Vancouver Island and the southwest mainland of British Columbia (BC). The whole genome sequence of the RHDV2 Quebec isolate resembled the 2011 RHDV2-N11 isolate from Navarra, Spain with 97% identity at the nucleotide level. The epidemiological investigation related to this outbreak involved three hobby farms and one personal residence in Quebec. In February 2018, high mortality was reported in a large colony of feral rabbits on the Vancouver Island University Campus, Nanaimo, BC. The virus identified showed only 93% identity to the Quebec RHDV2 isolate at the nucleotide level. Additional cases of RHDV2 on Vancouver Island and on the BC mainland affecting feral and captive domestic, and commercial rabbits were reported subsequently. Vaccination was recommended to control the outbreak and an inactivated bivalent vaccine was made available to the private veterinary practices. In June 2019, an isolated RHDV2 outbreak was reported in pet rabbits in an apartment building in Vancouver, BC. This virus showed only 97% identity to the RHDV2 isolates responsible for the BC outbreak in 2018 at the nucleotide level, suggesting that it was an independent incursion. The outbreak in BC killed a large number of feral European rabbits; however, there were no confirmed cases of RHD in native rabbit species in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Ambagala
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Helen Schwantje
- British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
| | - Sonja Laurendeau
- Animal Health-Traceability and Terrestrial Animal Disease Control, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Heindrich Snyman
- Animal Health Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC, Canada
| | - Tomy Joseph
- Animal Health Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC, Canada
| | - Bradley Pickering
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kathleen Hooper-McGrevy
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shawn Babiuk
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Estella Moffat
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Lindsey Lamboo
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Oliver Lung
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Melissa Goolia
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Mathieu Pinette
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Carissa Embury-Hyatt
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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24
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Onyilagha C, Mistry H, Marszal P, Pinette M, Kobasa D, Tailor N, Berhane Y, Nfon C, Pickering B, Mubareka S, Bulir D, Chong S, Kozak R, Ambagala A. Evaluation of mobile real-time polymerase chain reaction tests for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9387. [PMID: 33931684 PMCID: PMC8087814 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88625-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), calls for prompt and accurate diagnosis and rapid turnaround time for test results to limit transmission. Here, we evaluated two independent molecular assays, the Biomeme SARS-CoV-2 test, and the Precision Biomonitoring TripleLock SARS-CoV-2 test on a field-deployable point-of-care real-time PCR instrument, Franklin three9, in combination with Biomeme M1 Sample Prep Cartridge Kit for RNA 2.0 (M1) manual extraction system for rapid, specific, and sensitive detection of SARS-COV-2 in cell culture, human, and animal clinical samples. The Biomeme SARS-CoV-2 assay, which simultaneously detects two viral targets, the orf1ab and S genes, and the Precision Biomonitoring TripleLock SARS-CoV-2 assay that targets the 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR) and the envelope (E) gene of SARS-CoV-2 were highly sensitive and detected as low as 15 SARS-CoV-2 genome copies per reaction. In addition, the two assays were specific and showed no cross-reactivity with Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus, and other common human respiratory viruses and bacterial pathogens. Also, both assays were highly reproducible across different operators and instruments. When used to test animal samples, both assays equally detected SARS-CoV-2 genetic materials in the swabs from SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters. The M1 lysis buffer completely inactivated SARS-CoV-2 within 10 min at room temperature enabling safe handling of clinical samples. Collectively, these results show that the Biomeme and Precision Biomonitoring TripleLock SARS-CoV-2 mobile testing platforms could reliably and promptly detect SARS-CoV-2 in both human and animal clinical samples in approximately an hour and can be used in remote areas or health care settings not traditionally serviced by a microbiology laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwunonso Onyilagha
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Henna Mistry
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Marszal
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Mathieu Pinette
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Darwyn Kobasa
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Nikesh Tailor
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Yohannes Berhane
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Charles Nfon
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Bradley Pickering
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - David Bulir
- St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Robert Kozak
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Aruna Ambagala
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Comparative Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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25
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Cheng TY, Henao-Diaz A, Poonsuk K, Buckley A, van Geelen A, Lager K, Harmon K, Gauger P, Wang C, Ambagala A, Zimmerman J, Giménez-Lirola L. Pseudorabies (Aujeszky's disease) virus DNA detection in swine nasal swab and oral fluid specimens using a gB-based real-time quantitative PCR. Prev Vet Med 2021; 189:105308. [PMID: 33667758 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the detection of PRV DNA in nasal swab (n = 440) and oral fluid (n = 1,545) samples collected over time from experimentally PRV vaccinated and/or PRV inoculated pigs (n = 40) was comparatively evaluated by real-time PCR. Serum samples (n = 440) were tested by PRV gB/gE blocking ELISAs (Pseudorabies Virus gB Antibody Test Kit and Pseudorabies Virus gpI Antibody Test Kit, IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook, ME) to monitor PRV status over time. Following exposure to a gE-deleted modified live vaccine (Ingelvac® Aujeszky MLV, Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT) and/or a wild-type virus (3 CR Ossabaw), PRV gB DNA was detected in oral fluid specimens in a pattern similar to that of nasal swabs. For quantitative analyses, PRV PCR quantification cycle (Cq) results were re-expressed as "efficiency standardized Cqs (ECqs)" as a function of PCR efficiency using plate-specific positive amplification controls. ROC analyses of the PRV gB PCR ECqs results showed a similar performance of the PRV gB PCR for nasal swab and oral fluid specimens (area under the ROC curve = 85 % vs 83 %) and, based on an ECq cutoff of 0.01 a diagnostic specificity of 100 % and diagnostic sensitivities for oral fluid and nasal swab specimens of 53 % (95 % CI: 43 %, 62 %) and 70 % (95 % CI: 55 %, 83 %), respectively. Thus, the results described herein demonstrated the detection of PRV gB DNA in swine oral fluid and supported the use of this specimen in PRV diagnosis and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
| | - Alexandra Henao-Diaz
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Korakrit Poonsuk
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Alexandra Buckley
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Albert van Geelen
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Kelly Lager
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Karen Harmon
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Phillip Gauger
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA; Department of Statistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Aruna Ambagala
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Diseases (NCFAD), Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Zimmerman
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Luis Giménez-Lirola
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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26
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Amalfitano E, Karlikow M, Norouzi M, Jaenes K, Cicek S, Masum F, Sadat Mousavi P, Guo Y, Tang L, Sydor A, Ma D, Pearson JD, Trcka D, Pinette M, Ambagala A, Babiuk S, Pickering B, Wrana J, Bremner R, Mazzulli T, Sinton D, Brumell JH, Green AA, Pardee K. A glucose meter interface for point-of-care gene circuit-based diagnostics. Nat Commun 2021; 12:724. [PMID: 33526784 PMCID: PMC7851131 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20639-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in cell-free synthetic biology have given rise to gene circuit-based sensors with the potential to provide decentralized and low-cost molecular diagnostics. However, it remains a challenge to deliver this sensing capacity into the hands of users in a practical manner. Here, we leverage the glucose meter, one of the most widely available point-of-care sensing devices, to serve as a universal reader for these decentralized diagnostics. We describe a molecular translator that can convert the activation of conventional gene circuit-based sensors into a glucose output that can be read by off-the-shelf glucose meters. We show the development of new glucogenic reporter systems, multiplexed reporter outputs and detection of nucleic acid targets down to the low attomolar range. Using this glucose-meter interface, we demonstrate the detection of a small-molecule analyte; sample-to-result diagnostics for typhoid, paratyphoid A/B; and show the potential for pandemic response with nucleic acid sensors for SARS-CoV-2. Getting synthetic biology circuit-based sensors into field applications is still a challenge. Here the authors combine a circuit sensor with a glucose meter for small analyte and nucleic acid detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Amalfitano
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Margot Karlikow
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Masoud Norouzi
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Katariina Jaenes
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Seray Cicek
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Fahim Masum
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | | | - Yuxiu Guo
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Laura Tang
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Andrew Sydor
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Duo Ma
- Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute and the School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Joel D Pearson
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, M5G 1X5, ON, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 3A9, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Trcka
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, M5G 1X5, ON, Canada
| | - Mathieu Pinette
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, R3E 3M4, MB, Canada
| | - Aruna Ambagala
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, R3E 3M4, MB, Canada
| | - Shawn Babiuk
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, R3E 3M4, MB, Canada
| | - Bradley Pickering
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, R3E 3M4, MB, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E 0J9, MB, Canada.,Iowa State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Jeff Wrana
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, M5G 1X5, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, ON, Canada
| | - Rod Bremner
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, M5G 1X5, ON, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 3A9, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, ON, Canada
| | - Tony Mazzulli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, ON, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Sinai Health System/University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 1X5, ON, Canada
| | - David Sinton
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G8, ON, Canada
| | - John H Brumell
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, ON, Canada.,SickKids IBD Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8, ON, Canada
| | - Alexander A Green
- Biodesign Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute and the School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, AZ, 85287, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Keith Pardee
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada. .,Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G8, ON, Canada.
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27
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Mai NTA, Vu XD, Nguyen TTH, Nguyen VT, Trinh TBN, Kim YJ, Kim HJ, Cho KH, Nguyen TL, Bui TTN, Jeong DG, Yoon SW, Truong T, Ambagala A, Song D, Le VP. Molecular profile of African swine fever virus (ASFV) circulating in Vietnam during 2019-2020 outbreaks. Arch Virol 2021; 166:885-890. [PMID: 33454861 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04936-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly infectious disease of pigs caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). In order to identify potential genetic variations among ASFV strains circulating in Vietnam, 26 ASFV isolates from organs and blood samples collected from domestic pigs from 23 different provinces of northern, central and southern Vietnam during 2019-2020 ASF outbreaks were genetically characterized. Nucleotide sequences were determined for a portion of the B646L (p72) gene, the complete E183L (p54) gene, the variable region of EP402R (CD2v), the central variable region (CVR) of pB602L, and a tandem repeat sequence (TRS) between the I73R and I329L genes. Analysis of the partial B646L (p72) and EP402R (CD2v) gene sequences and the full-length E183L (p54) gene sequence showed that all 26 ASFV isolates belonged to genotype II and serotype VIII and that they were identical to the strain Georgia/2007/1 and all ASFV strains sequenced in China. The TRS between the I73R and I329L genes contained a 10-nucleotide insertion that was observed in the Chinese ASFV strain CN201801 isolated from domestic pigs in 2018, but not in the Georgia/2007/1 and China/Jilin/2018/boar strains isolated from wild boar in China. This is the first intra-epidemic genome analysis reported for the ASFV strains circulating in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Tuan Anh Mai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Xuan Dang Vu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thu Huyen Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van Tam Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Bich Ngoc Trinh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Yong Joo Kim
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Kim
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, South Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Cho
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, South Korea
| | - Thi Lan Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi To Nga Bui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dae Gwin Jeong
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Yoon
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Thang Truong
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Aruna Ambagala
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Daesub Song
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Van Phan Le
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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28
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Allen SE, Jardine CM, Hooper-McGrevy K, Ambagala A, Bosco-Lauth AM, Kunkel MR, Mead DG, Nituch L, Ruder MG, Nemeth NM. Serologic Evidence of Arthropod-Borne Virus Infections in Wild and Captive Ruminants in Ontario, Canada. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:2100-2107. [PMID: 32815506 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are globally widespread, and their transmission cycles typically involve numerous vertebrate species. Serologic testing of animal hosts can provide a routine surveillance approach to monitoring animal disease systems, can provide a surveillance alternative to arthropod testing and human case reports, and may augment knowledge of epizootiology. Wild and captive ruminants represent good candidate sentinels to track geographic distribution and prevalence of select arboviruses. They often are geographically widespread and abundant, inhabit areas shared by humans and domestic animals, and are readily fed on by various hematophagous arthropod vectors. Ontario, Canada, is home to high densities of coexisting humans, livestock, and wild cervids, as well as growing numbers of arthropod vectors because of the effects of climate change. We collected blood samples from 349 livestock (cattle/sheep) and 217 cervids (wild/farmed/zoo) in Ontario (2016-2019) to assess for antibodies to zoonotic and agriculturally important arboviruses. Livestock sera were tested for antibodies to bluetongue virus (BTV) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV). Sera from cervids were tested for antibodies to BTV, EHDV, West Nile virus (WNV), eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), Powassan virus (POWV), and heartland virus (HRTV). Fifteen (9.0%) cattle were seropositive for EHDV-serotype 2. Nine (4.2%) cervids were seropositive for arboviruses; three confirmed as WNV, three as EEEV, and one as POWV. All animals were seronegative for BTV and HRTV. These results reveal low seroprevalence of important agricultural, wildlife, and zoonotic pathogens and underline the need for continued surveillance in this and other regions in the face of changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E Allen
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Claire M Jardine
- Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.,Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Kathleen Hooper-McGrevy
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Aruna Ambagala
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Angela M Bosco-Lauth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Melanie R Kunkel
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Daniel G Mead
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Larissa Nituch
- Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, Canada
| | - Mark G Ruder
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Nicole M Nemeth
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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29
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Fisher M, Harrison TMR, Nebroski M, Kruczkiewicz P, Rothenburger JL, Ambagala A, Macbeth B, Lung O. Discovery and comparative genomic analysis of elk circovirus (ElkCV), a novel circovirus species and the first reported from a cervid host. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19548. [PMID: 33177604 PMCID: PMC7659335 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75577-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete genome sequence of a novel circovirus (elk circovirus (ElkCV) Banff/2019) was determined via high throughput sequencing of liver tissue from a euthanized Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) from Alberta, Canada. The genome is circular and 1,787 nucleotides long, with two major ORFs encoding predicted proteins. Comparative genomic analysis to 4,164 publicly available complete and near complete circovirus genomes showed that ElkCV shares approximately 65% pairwise genome-wide nucleotide identity with the most closely related circovirus species, porcine circoviruses (PCV) 1 and 2 and bat-associated circovirus (BatACV) 11. ElkCV features a stem-loop within the origin of replication region characteristic of circoviruses. However, it differs from those found in PCV1, PCV2 and BatACV11 since it has a longer stem and contains hexamer repeats that overlap the stem in opposing orientations. Interestingly, stem-loop structures of similar length featuring repeats in a similar position and orientation are also seen in some avian circoviruses. Based on the demarcation threshold established by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) for members of Circoviridae (80% pairwise genome-wide nucleotide identity), ElkCV represents a novel species and is the first complete circovirus genome reported from a cervid host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Fisher
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Thomas M R Harrison
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Michelle Nebroski
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Peter Kruczkiewicz
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jamie L Rothenburger
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health and Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative (Alberta Region), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Aruna Ambagala
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Bryan Macbeth
- Parks Canada Agency, Banff National Park, Banff, AB, Canada
| | - Oliver Lung
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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30
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Daigle J, Onyilagha C, Truong T, Le VP, Nga BTT, Nguyen TL, Clavijo A, Ambagala A. Rapid and highly sensitive portable detection of African swine fever virus. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:952-959. [PMID: 32762007 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) continues to spread across Asia, devastating pig populations. The disease is nearly 100% fatal in pigs, and currently, there is no effective vaccine available. Therefore, early detection of ASF is critical for effective disease control. The testing process usually requires samples to be shipped to a central laboratory, which may take many hours of travel or shipping time, delaying the results needed for a rapid response. The ability to confirm ASFV-infected animals on-site or in a regional laboratory that has limited technical capacity and/or infrastructure should eliminate these issues. This study describes the successful transfer of a highly sensitive and specific laboratory-validated real-time PCR assay to a portable pen-side thermocycler, which can be operated in the field for rapid detection of ASFV following a quick manual nucleic acid extraction from a wide array of clinical samples including aggregate samples such as oral fluids. The performance of the portable assay was comparable to the laboratory-based assay. The true portability of the assay was evaluated in seven ASF-suspected farms in Vietnam by testing eighty-nine freshly collected whole blood samples on-site. The results obtained on-site were in agreement with the laboratory data obtained the following day. Availability of this field-deployable molecular assay would eliminate the need to ship samples to a central laboratory, when rapid laboratory results are required, ultimately improving the response time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Daigle
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Chukwunonso Onyilagha
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Thang Truong
- Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health - National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Van Phan Le
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Trau Quy- Gia Lam- Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bui Thi To Nga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Trau Quy- Gia Lam- Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Lan Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Trau Quy- Gia Lam- Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Alfonso Clavijo
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Aruna Ambagala
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Comparative Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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31
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Ambagala A, Truong T, Cottam-Birt C, Berhane Y, Gerdts V, Karniychuk U, Safronetz D, Babiuk S. Susceptibility of Chicken Embryos, Sheep, Cattle, Pigs, and Chickens to Zika Virus Infection. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:23. [PMID: 32118055 PMCID: PMC7012786 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The susceptibility of sheep, cattle, pigs, chickens and chicken embryos to Zika virus infection was evaluated by experimental inoculation with Zika virus Thailand strain isolated from a Canadian traveler in 2013. The inoculated animals did not develop any clinical signs of disease nor evidence of Zika virus replication in peripheral blood, cerebrospinal fluid and tissues including brain and spinal cord assessed by real-time RT-PCR. Sera were also negative for Zika virus antibodies by Zika virus neutralization assays as well as Zika virus immunoperoxidase staining of Zika infected Vero cells. Chicken embryos were inoculated by different routes including yolk sac (4 day old embryos), chorioallantoic membrane (8 day old embryos), amniotic fluid (8 day old embryos) and intravenous routes (12 day old embryos). Virus replication in chicken embryos was observed in the brain and body tissues following intravenous (IV), yolk sac (YS), chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), and amniotic fluid (AF) inoculation routes. The highest mortality was observed in embryos inoculated via yolk sac. The dead embryos showed diffuse muscular hemorrhages. The yolk sac inoculated chicken embryos showed delayed hatching and displayed neurological signs immediately after hatching. These studies demonstrate that 8 week old sheep, 6 month old cattle, 4 week old pigs, and 4 week old chickens are not susceptible to Zika virus infection when inoculated experimentally and therefore unlikely to pose a risk as Zika virus reservoirs. However, chicken embryos are highly susceptible to Zika virus resulting in clinical disease of chicks after hatching. This study demonstrates that Zika virus has a tropism for embryonic tissue and that chicken embryos can be used as a model to study Zika virus replication and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Ambagala
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Thang Truong
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Colleen Cottam-Birt
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Yohannes Berhane
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Volker Gerdts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Uladzimir Karniychuk
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - David Safronetz
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shawn Babiuk
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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32
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Allen SE, Rothenburger JL, Jardine CM, Ambagala A, Hooper-McGrevy K, Colucci N, Furukawa-Stoffer T, Vigil S, Ruder M, Nemeth NM. Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease in White-Tailed Deer, Canada. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:832-834. [PMID: 30882321 PMCID: PMC6433007 DOI: 10.3201/eid2504.180743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease affects wild and domestic ruminants and has recently spread northward within the United States. In September 2017, we detected epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus in wild white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, in east-central Canada. Culicoides spp. midges of the subgenus Avaritia were the most common potential vectors identified on site.
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33
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Lung O, Fisher M, Erickson A, Nfon C, Ambagala A. Fully automated and integrated multiplex detection of high consequence livestock viral genomes on a microfluidic platform. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 66:144-155. [PMID: 30103262 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Differential diagnosis of diseases that share common clinical signs typically requires the performance of multiple independent diagnostic tests to confirm diagnosis. Diagnostic tests that can detect and discriminate between multiple differential pathogens in a single reaction may expedite, reduce costs, and streamline the diagnostic testing workflow. Livestock haemorrhagic diseases like classical swine fever (CSF), African swine fever (ASF), and vesicular diseases, such as foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), vesicular stomatitis (VS), and swine vesicular disease (SVD) can have an enormous impact on the livestock industry and economy of countries that were previously free of the diseases. Thus, rapid diagnosis of these diseases is critical for disease control. Here, we describe the development and initial laboratory validation of a novel fully automated user-developed assay for simultaneous detection and differentiation of multiple viruses of veterinary importance in a single reaction with minimal user-intervention. The user only performs sample loading, placement of consumables and reagents, selection and initiation of assay while all other processes (i.e., nucleic acid extraction, multiplex RT-PCR, reverse dot blot detection and result reporting) are performed fully automated. The current assay has a turn-around time of approximately 6 hr and can simultaneously process up to 24 samples. The automated assay accurately and specifically detected 37 laboratory amplified strains of the five target viruses, including all seven serotypes of FMD virus, three genotypes of CSF virus, and two serotypes of VS virus. The assay also detected targeted viruses in a variety of clinical samples collected from infected animals, such as oral fluid, oral swab, nasal swab, whole blood, serum, as well as tonsil, spleen, kidney, and ileum. No cross-reactivity was observed with 15 nontarget viruses that affect livestock and samples from clinically healthy animals. To our knowledge, this is the first fully automated and integrated assay for simultaneous detection of multiple high consequence veterinary pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Lung
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Mathew Fisher
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Anthony Erickson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Charles Nfon
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Aruna Ambagala
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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34
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Thanthrige-Don N, Lung O, Furukawa-Stoffer T, Buchanan C, Joseph T, Godson DL, Gilleard J, Alexander T, Ambagala A. A novel multiplex PCR-electronic microarray assay for rapid and simultaneous detection of bovine respiratory and enteric pathogens. J Virol Methods 2018; 261:51-62. [PMID: 30102924 PMCID: PMC7113860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory and enteric diseases continue to be two major causes of economic losses to the cattle industry worldwide. Despite their multifactorial etiology, the currently available diagnostic tests for bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) and bovine enteric disease (BED) are single-pathogen-tests. DNA microarray when combined with multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a powerful tool in detection and differentiation of multiple pathogens in a single sample. This study reports development and initial validation of two independent highly sensitive and specific multiplex PCR-electronic microarray assays, one for the detection and differentiation of pathogens of the BRDC and the other for detection and differentiation of pathogens of the BED. The BRDC multiplex PCR-microarray assay was able to detect and differentiate four bacteria (Mannheimia haemolytica, Histophilus somni, Pasteurella multocida, and Mycoplasma bovis) and five viruses [bovine parainfluenza virus-3, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine coronavirus (BCoV), and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)] associated with BRDC. The BED multiplex PCR- microarray- assay was able to detect and differentiate four bacteria (Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica Dublin, and Salmonella enterica Typhimurium), three protozoa (Eimeria zuernii, Eimeria bovis, and Cryptosporidium parvum), and four viruses (bovine torovirus, bovine rotavirus, BCoV, and BVDV) associated with the BED. Both assays detected their respective targets individually or in combination when present. The limit-of-detection of each assay at the PCR amplification and DNA microarray levels was determined using previously titrated laboratory amplified target pathogens or using quantified synthetic nucleotides. Both assays showed very high analytical sensitivity and specificity, and were validated using a limited number of clinical samples. The BRDC and BED multiplex PCR- microarray-assays developed in this study, with further clinical validation, could be used in veterinary diagnostic laboratories for the rapid and simultaneous identification of pathogens to facilitate quick and accurate decision making for the control and treatment of these two economically important disease complexes. Furthermore, these assays could be very effective tools in epidemiological studies as well as for screening of healthy animals to identify carriers that may potentially develop BRDC or BED.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Lung
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge Laboratory, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | | | - Cody Buchanan
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge Laboratory, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Tomy Joseph
- Virology and Molecular Diagnostics, Animal Health Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC, Canada
| | | | - John Gilleard
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Trevor Alexander
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Aruna Ambagala
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge Laboratory, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
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35
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Erickson A, Fisher M, Furukawa-Stoffer T, Ambagala A, Hodko D, Pasick J, King DP, Nfon C, Ortega Polo R, Lung O. A multiplex reverse transcription PCR and automated electronic microarray assay for detection and differentiation of seven viruses affecting swine. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:e272-e283. [PMID: 29194985 PMCID: PMC7169841 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microarray technology can be useful for pathogen detection as it allows simultaneous interrogation of the presence or absence of a large number of genetic signatures. However, most microarray assays are labour-intensive and time-consuming to perform. This study describes the development and initial evaluation of a multiplex reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and novel accompanying automated electronic microarray assay for simultaneous detection and differentiation of seven important viruses that affect swine (foot-and-mouth disease virus [FMDV], swine vesicular disease virus [SVDV], vesicular exanthema of swine virus [VESV], African swine fever virus [ASFV], classical swine fever virus [CSFV], porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus [PRRSV] and porcine circovirus type 2 [PCV2]). The novel electronic microarray assay utilizes a single, user-friendly instrument that integrates and automates capture probe printing, hybridization, washing and reporting on a disposable electronic microarray cartridge with 400 features. This assay accurately detected and identified a total of 68 isolates of the seven targeted virus species including 23 samples of FMDV, representing all seven serotypes, and 10 CSFV strains, representing all three genotypes. The assay successfully detected viruses in clinical samples from the field, experimentally infected animals (as early as 1 day post-infection (dpi) for FMDV and SVDV, 4 dpi for ASFV, 5 dpi for CSFV), as well as in biological material that were spiked with target viruses. The limit of detection was 10 copies/μl for ASFV, PCV2 and PRRSV, 100 copies/μl for SVDV, CSFV, VESV and 1,000 copies/μl for FMDV. The electronic microarray component had reduced analytical sensitivity for several of the target viruses when compared with the multiplex RT-PCR. The integration of capture probe printing allows custom onsite array printing as needed, while electrophoretically driven hybridization generates results faster than conventional microarrays that rely on passive hybridization. With further refinement, this novel, rapid, highly automated microarray technology has potential applications in multipathogen surveillance of livestock diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Erickson
- Lethbridge Laboratory, National Centres for Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - M Fisher
- Lethbridge Laboratory, National Centres for Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - T Furukawa-Stoffer
- Lethbridge Laboratory, National Centres for Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - A Ambagala
- Lethbridge Laboratory, National Centres for Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - D Hodko
- Nexogen, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - J Pasick
- National Centres for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - D P King
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, UK
| | - C Nfon
- National Centres for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - R Ortega Polo
- Lethbridge Laboratory, National Centres for Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - O Lung
- Lethbridge Laboratory, National Centres for Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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36
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Chernick A, Ambagala A, Orsel K, Wasmuth JD, van Marle G, van der Meer F. Bovine viral diarrhea virus genomic variation within persistently infected cattle. Infect Genet Evol 2018; 58:218-223. [PMID: 29306002 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a single stranded RNA virus in the family Flaviviridae that causes a form of persistent infection. If a fetus is infected in utero during the first 120days of gestation the resulting calf will be immunotolerant to the infecting strain and maintain the virus for life. These animals are epidemiologically important in maintaining BVDV on farms, but also present a unique opportunity to study quasispecies in vivo in the absence of significant selection by the host adaptive immune response. We used deep sequencing and novel analytical methods to characterize the viral populations within the mesenteric lymph nodes of 10 persistently infected animals. Our results indicate that the pattern of variability across the viral genome from animal to animal is very consistent within BVDV subgenotypes. However, the individual mutations that constitute this variation are not necessarily the same in each animal. Even in the absence of significant immune selection the structural genes of BVDV vary more extensively than the non-structural genes. These findings could be useful for future vaccine design against BVDV as well as for measuring and understanding patterns of variation in other ssRNA viruses, especially those that belong to the family Flaviviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chernick
- Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - A Ambagala
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge Laboratory, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - K Orsel
- Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - J D Wasmuth
- Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - G van Marle
- Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - F van der Meer
- Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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37
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Leidenberger S, Schröder C, Zani L, Auste A, Pinette M, Ambagala A, Nikolin V, de Smit H, Beer M, Blome S. Virulence of current German PEDV strains in suckling pigs and investigation of protective effects of maternally derived antibodies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10825. [PMID: 28883628 PMCID: PMC5589859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11160-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) has caused tremendous losses to the United States pig industry since 2013. From 2014, outbreaks were also reported from Central Europe. To characterize the Central European PEDV strains regarding their virulence in suckling piglets, and to assess the protective effect of maternally derived antibodies (MDA), four trial groups were randomly assigned, each consisting of two pregnant sows and their litter. To induce MDA in a subset of piglets, two sows received a cell culture-adapted PEDV strain, and another two sows were inoculated with field material from German PED outbreaks. Four sows stayed naïve. Subsequently, all piglets were inoculated with the corresponding PEDV strains at an age of 3 to 6 days, and virus shedding, clinical signs and occurrence of specific antibodies were assessed. Piglets without MDA showed a morbidity of 100% and low lethality, while almost all MDA-positive piglets stayed clinically healthy and showed considerably lower virus shedding. Taken together, the Central European PEDV strains showed rather low virulence under experimental conditions, and pre-inoculation of sows led to a solid protection of their offspring. The latter is the prerequisite for a sow vaccination concept that could help to prevent PED induced losses in the piglet sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Leidenberger
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, Greifswald, Insel Riems, 17493, Germany
| | - Ch Schröder
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, Greifswald, Insel Riems, 17493, Germany
| | - L Zani
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, Greifswald, Insel Riems, 17493, Germany
| | - A Auste
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, Greifswald, Insel Riems, 17493, Germany
| | - M Pinette
- Canadian Food inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - A Ambagala
- Canadian Food inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - V Nikolin
- Boehringer Ingelheim Veterinary Research Center, Hannover, 30559, Germany
| | - H de Smit
- Boehringer Ingelheim Veterinary Research Center, Hannover, 30559, Germany
| | - M Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, Greifswald, Insel Riems, 17493, Germany
| | - S Blome
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, Greifswald, Insel Riems, 17493, Germany.
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38
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Senthilkumaran C, Yang M, Bittner H, Ambagala A, Lung O, Zimmerman J, Giménez-Lirola LG, Nfon C. Detection of genome, antigen, and antibodies in oral fluids from pigs infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus. Can J Vet Res 2017; 81:82-90. [PMID: 28408775 PMCID: PMC5370543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Virus nucleic acids and antibody response to pathogens can be measured using swine oral fluids (OFs). Detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) genome in swine OFs has previously been demonstrated. Virus isolation and viral antigen detection are additional confirmatory assays for diagnosing FMDV, but these methods have not been evaluated using swine OF. The objectives of this study were to further validate the molecular detection of FMDV in oral fluids, evaluate antigen detection and FMDV isolation from swine OFs, and develop an assay for isotypic anti-FMDV antibody detection in OFs. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) from FMDV was detected in OFs from experimentally infected pigs by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) from 1 day post-infection (dpi) to 21 dpi. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) was isolated from OFs at 1 to 5 dpi. Additionally, FMDV antigens were detected in OFs from 1 to 6 dpi using a lateral flow immunochromatographic strip test (LFIST), which is a rapid pen-side test, and from 2 to 3 dpi using a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS ELISA). Furthermore, FMDV-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) was detected in OFs using an isotype-specific indirect ELISA starting at dpi 14. These results further demonstrated the potential use of oral fluids for detecting FMDV genome, live virus, and viral antigens, as well as for quantifying mucosal IgA antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Charles Nfon
- Address all correspondence to Dr. Charles Nfon; telephone: (204) 789-2023; fax: (204) 789-2038; e-mail:
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39
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Senthilkumaran C, Bittner H, Ambagala A, Lung O, Babiuk S, Yang M, Zimmerman J, Giménez-Lirola LG, Nfon C. Use of Oral Fluids for Detection of Virus and Antibodies in Pigs Infected with Swine Vesicular Disease Virus. Transbound Emerg Dis 2016; 64:1762-1770. [PMID: 27632937 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of swine oral fluid (OF) for the detection of nucleic acids and antibodies is gaining significant popularity. Assays have been developed for this purpose for endemic and foreign animal diseases of swine. Here, we report the use of OF for the detection of virus and antibodies in pigs experimentally infected with swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV), a virus that causes a disease clinically indistinguishable from the economically devastating foot-and-mouth disease. Viral genome was detected in OF by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR) from 1 day post-infection (DPI) to 21 DPI. Virus isolation from OF was also successful at 1-5 DPI. An adapted competitive ELISA based on the monoclonal antibodies 5B7 detected antibodies to SVDV in OF starting at DPI 6. Additionally, using isotype-specific indirect ELISAs, SVDV-specific IgM and IgA were evaluated in OF. IgM response started at DPI 6, peaking at DPI 7 or 14 and declining sharply at DPI 21, while IgA response started at DPI 7, peaked at DPI 14 and remained high until the end of the experiment. These results confirm the potential use of OF for SVD surveillance using both established and partially validated assays in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Senthilkumaran
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease (NCFAD), Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - H Bittner
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease (NCFAD), Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - A Ambagala
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease (NCFAD), Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - O Lung
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease (NCFAD), Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - S Babiuk
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease (NCFAD), Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - M Yang
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease (NCFAD), Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | | | - C Nfon
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease (NCFAD), Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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40
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Ambagala A, Fisher M, Goolia M, Nfon C, Furukawa-Stoffer T, Ortega Polo R, Lung O. Field-Deployable Reverse Transcription-Insulated Isothermal PCR (RT-iiPCR) Assay for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus. Transbound Emerg Dis 2016; 64:1610-1623. [PMID: 27589902 PMCID: PMC7169878 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven‐hoofed animals, which can decimate the livestock industry and economy of countries previously free of this disease. Rapid detection of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus (FMDV) is critical to containing an FMD outbreak. Availability of a rapid, highly sensitive and specific, yet simple and field‐deployable assay would support local decision‐making during an FMDV outbreak. Here we report validation of a novel reverse transcription‐insulated isothermal PCR (RT‐iiPCR) assay that can be performed on a commercially available, compact and portable POCKIT™ analyser that automatically analyses data and displays ‘+’ or ‘−’ results. The FMDV RT‐iiPCR assay targets the 3D region of the FMDV genome and was capable of detecting 9 copies of in vitro‐transcribed RNA standard with 95% confidence. It accurately identified 63 FMDV strains belonging to all seven serotypes and showed no cross‐reactivity with viruses causing similar clinical diseases in cloven‐hoofed animals. The assay was able to identify FMDV RNA in multiple sample types including oral, nasal and lesion swabs, epithelial tissue suspensions, vesicular and oral fluid samples, even before the appearance of clinical signs. Clinical sensitivity of the assay was comparable or slightly higher than the laboratory‐based real‐time RT‐PCR assay in use. The assay was able to detect FMDV RNA in vesicular fluid samples without nucleic acid extraction. For RNA extraction from more complex sample types, a commercially available taco™ mini transportable magnetic bead‐based, automated extraction system was used. This assay provides a potentially useful field‐deployable diagnostic tool for rapid detection of FMDV in an outbreak in FMD‐free countries or for routine diagnostics in endemic countries with less structured laboratory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ambagala
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centres for Animal Disease, Lethbridge Laboratory, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - M Fisher
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centres for Animal Disease, Lethbridge Laboratory, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - M Goolia
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Diseases, Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - C Nfon
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Diseases, Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - T Furukawa-Stoffer
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centres for Animal Disease, Lethbridge Laboratory, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - R Ortega Polo
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centres for Animal Disease, Lethbridge Laboratory, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - O Lung
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centres for Animal Disease, Lethbridge Laboratory, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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Lung O, Ohene-Adjei S, Buchanan C, Joseph T, King R, Erickson A, Detmer S, Ambagala A. Multiplex PCR and Microarray for Detection of Swine Respiratory Pathogens. Transbound Emerg Dis 2015; 64:834-848. [PMID: 26662640 PMCID: PMC7169873 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) is one of the most important health concerns for pig producers and can involve multiple viral and bacterial pathogens. No simple, single‐reaction diagnostic test currently exists for the simultaneous detection of major pathogens commonly associated with PRDC. Furthermore, the detection of most of the bacterial pathogens implicated in PRDC currently requires time‐consuming culture‐based methods that can take several days to obtain results. In this study, a novel prototype automated microarray that integrates and automates all steps of post‐PCR microarray processing for the simultaneous detection and typing of eight bacteria and viruses commonly associated with PRDC is described along with associated multiplex reverse transcriptase PCR. The user‐friendly assay detected and differentiated between four viruses [porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), influenza A virus, porcine circovirus type 2, porcine respiratory corona virus], four bacteria (Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis, Streptococcus suis), and further differentiated between type 1 and type 2 PRRSV as well as toxigenic and non‐toxigenic P. multocida. The assay accurately identified and typed a panel of 34 strains representing the eight targeted pathogens and was negative when tested with 34 relevant and/or closely related non‐target bacterial and viral species. All targets were also identified singly or in combination in a panel of clinical lung samples and/or experimentally inoculated biological material.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Lung
- Lethbridge Laboratory, National Centres for Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - S Ohene-Adjei
- Lethbridge Laboratory, National Centres for Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - C Buchanan
- Lethbridge Laboratory, National Centres for Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - T Joseph
- Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC, Canada
| | - R King
- Animal Health and Assurance Division, Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - A Erickson
- Lethbridge Laboratory, National Centres for Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - S Detmer
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - A Ambagala
- Lethbridge Laboratory, National Centres for Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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Ambagala A, Pahari S, Fisher M, Lee PYA, Pasick J, Ostlund EN, Johnson DJ, Lung O. A Rapid Field-Deployable Reverse Transcription-Insulated Isothermal Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Sensitive and Specific Detection of Bluetongue Virus. Transbound Emerg Dis 2015; 64:476-486. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Ambagala
- National Centres for Animal Disease; Lethbridge Laboratory; Canadian Food Inspection Agency; Lethbridge AB Canada
| | - S. Pahari
- National Centres for Animal Disease; Lethbridge Laboratory; Canadian Food Inspection Agency; Lethbridge AB Canada
| | - M. Fisher
- National Centres for Animal Disease; Lethbridge Laboratory; Canadian Food Inspection Agency; Lethbridge AB Canada
| | - P-Y. A. Lee
- Department of Research and Development; GeneReach USA; Lexington MA USA
| | - J. Pasick
- National Centres for Animal Disease; Winnipeg Laboratory; Canadian Food Inspection Agency; Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - E. N. Ostlund
- Diagnostic Virology Laboratory; National Veterinary Services Laboratories; STAS, APHIS, VS, USDA; Ames IA USA
| | - D. J. Johnson
- Diagnostic Virology Laboratory; National Veterinary Services Laboratories; STAS, APHIS, VS, USDA; Ames IA USA
| | - O. Lung
- National Centres for Animal Disease; Lethbridge Laboratory; Canadian Food Inspection Agency; Lethbridge AB Canada
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Lung O, Pasick J, Fisher M, Buchanan C, Erickson A, Ambagala A. Insulated Isothermal Reverse Transcriptase PCR (iiRT-PCR) for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Classical Swine Fever Virus. Transbound Emerg Dis 2015; 63:e395-402. [PMID: 25644051 PMCID: PMC7169785 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is an OIE‐listed disease that can have a severe impact on the swine industry. User‐friendly, sensitive, rapid diagnostic tests that utilize low‐cost field‐deployable instruments for CSF diagnosis can be useful for disease surveillance and outbreak monitoring. In this study, we describe validation of a new probe‐based insulated isothermal reverse transcriptase PCR (iiRT‐PCR) assay for rapid detection of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) on a compact, user‐friendly device (POCKIT™ Nucleic Acid Analyzer) that does not need data interpretation by the user. The assay accurately detected CSFV RNA from a diverse panel of 33 CSFV strains representing all three genotypes plus an additional in vitro‐transcribed RNA from cloned sequences representing a vaccine strain. No cross‐reactivity was observed with a panel of 18 viruses associated with livestock including eight other pestivirus strains (bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 1 and type 2, border disease virus, HoBi atypical pestivirus), African swine fever virus, swine vesicular disease virus, swine influenza virus, porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus, porcine circovirus 1, porcine circovirus 2, porcine respiratory coronavirus, vesicular exanthema of swine virus, bovine herpes virus type 1 and vesicular stomatitis virus. The iiRT‐PCR assay accurately detected CSFV as early as 2 days post‐inoculation in RNA extracted from serum samples of experimentally infected pigs, before appearance of clinical signs. The limit of detection (LOD95%) calculated by probit regression analysis was 23 copies per reaction. The assay has a sample to answer turnaround time of less than an hour using extracted RNA or diluted or low volume of neat serum. The user‐friendly, compact device that automatically analyses and displays results could potentially be a useful tool for surveillance and monitoring of CSF in a disease outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Lung
- National Centres for Animal Disease, Lethbridge Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - J Pasick
- National Centres for Animal Disease, Winnipeg Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - M Fisher
- National Centres for Animal Disease, Winnipeg Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - C Buchanan
- National Centres for Animal Disease, Lethbridge Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - A Erickson
- National Centres for Animal Disease, Lethbridge Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - A Ambagala
- National Centres for Animal Disease, Lethbridge Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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Ambagala A, Willer DO, Chan J, Marsh A, Sandstrom P, Pilon R, Fournier J, MacDonald KS. P19-07. Development of a protective HIV/SIV vaccine based on a self-boosting cytomegalovirus vector. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767834 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-p327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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