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Ran T, Xu Z, Yang W, Liu D, Wu D. Partially substituting alfalfa hay with hemp forage in the diet of goats improved feed efficiency, ruminal fermentation pattern and microbial profiles. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:49-60. [PMID: 38558755 PMCID: PMC10980998 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The use of hemp as a forage source in livestock diets has been less studied because bioactive residues in animal tissues may pose a risk to consumers. This study investigated the effects of partial substitution of alfalfa hay (AH) with hemp forage (HF) in growing goat diets on growth performance, carcass traits, ruminal fermentation characteristics, rumen microbial communities, blood biochemistry, and antioxidant indices. Forty Xiangdong black goats with body weight (BW) 7.82 ± 0.57 kg (mean ± SD) were grouped by BW and randomly assigned into one of the four treatment diets (n = 10/treatment) in a completely randomized design. The goats were fed ad libitum total mixed rations containing 60% forage and 40% concentrate (DM basis). The diets included control (CON; 60% AH and 40% concentrate), 55% AH and 5% HF (HF5), 50% AH and 10% HF (HF10), and 40% AH and 20% HF (HF20). Increasing the substitution of HF for AH linearly decreased (P < 0.01) DM intake and improved feed conversion efficiency. However, final BW, average daily gain, carcass traits, meat quality, and most blood biochemistry indices did not differ among treatments. The ruminal NH3-N concentration and blood urine nitrogen linearly increased (P < 0.01) with increasing substitution rate of HF, whereas the total volatile fatty acids concentration quadratically changed (P < 0.01). Substitution of AH with HF had no effect on the diversity and richness of ruminal microbes, though it linearly decreased (P = 0.040) Prevotella_1 and linearly increased (P = 0.017) Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group. The cannabinoids and/or their metabolites were detected in both ruminal filtrates (8) and plasma (4), however, no detectable cannabinoid-related residues were observed in meat. These results indicate that the HF could be used to partially substitute AH in goat diets, whereas the effects vary between substitution rates of HF for AH. Although no cannabinoid-related residues were detected in meat, the presence of cannabinoids residues in blood warrants further study of HF feeding to confirm the cannabinoids residues are not present in the animal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ran
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, Gansu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou, 730020, Gansu, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Changshu Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenzhu Yang
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Dalin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Duanqin Wu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
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2
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Ungerfeld EM, Cancino-Padilla N, Vera-Aguilera N, Scorcione MC, Saldivia M, Lagos-Pailla L, Vera M, Cerda C, Muñoz C, Urrutia N, Martínez ED. Effects of type of substrate and dilution rate on fermentation in serial rumen mixed cultures. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1356966. [PMID: 38389534 PMCID: PMC10883771 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1356966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Forages and concentrates have consistently distinct patterns of fermentation in the rumen, with forages producing more methane (CH4) per unit of digested organic matter (OM) and higher acetate to propionate ratio than concentrates. A mechanism based on the Monod function of microbial growth has been proposed to explain the distinct fermentation pattern of forages and concentrates, where greater dilution rates and lower pH associated with concentrate feeding increase dihydrogen (H2) concentration through increasing methanogens growth rate and decreasing methanogens theoretically maximal growth rate, respectively. Increased H2 concentration would in turn inhibit H2 production, decreasing methanogenesis, inhibit H2-producing pathways such as acetate production via pyruvate oxidative decarboxylation, and stimulate H2-incorporating pathways such as propionate production. We examined the hypothesis that equalizing dilution rates in serial rumen cultures would result in a similar fermentation profile of a high forage and a high concentrate substrate. Under a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, a high forage and a high concentrate substrate were incubated at dilution rates of 0.14, 0.28, or 0.56 h-1 in eight transfers of serial rumen cultures. Each treatment was replicated thrice, and the experiment repeated in two different months. The high concentrate substrate accumulated considerably more H2 and formate and produced less CH4 than the high forage substrate. Methanogens were nearly washed-out with high concentrate and increased their initial numbers with high forage. The effect of dilution rate was minor in comparison to the effect of the type of substrate. Accumulation of H2 and formate with high concentrate inhibited acetate and probably H2 and formate production, and stimulated butyrate, rather than propionate, as an electron sink alternative to CH4. All three dilution rates are considered high and selected for rapidly growing bacteria. The archaeal community composition varied widely and inconsistently. Lactate accumulated with both substrates, likely favored by microbial growth kinetics rather than by H2 accumulation thermodynamically stimulating electron disposal from NADH into pyruvate reduction. In this study, the type of substrate had a major effect on rumen fermentation largely independent of dilution rate and pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio M Ungerfeld
- Centro Regional de Investigación Carillanca, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Vilcún, Chile
| | - Nathaly Cancino-Padilla
- Centro Regional de Investigación Carillanca, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Vilcún, Chile
| | - Nelson Vera-Aguilera
- Centro Regional de Investigación Carillanca, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Vilcún, Chile
| | | | - Marcelo Saldivia
- Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Lorena Lagos-Pailla
- Instituto de Ingeniería Agraria y Suelos, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Alimentarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro de Investigación de Suelos Volcánicos, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro de Humedales Río Cruces, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Milena Vera
- Instituto de Ingeniería Agraria y Suelos, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Alimentarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Cristián Cerda
- Departamento de Procesos Industriales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Camila Muñoz
- Centro Regional de Investigación Remehue, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Osorno, Chile
| | - Natalie Urrutia
- Centro Regional de Investigación Remehue, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Osorno, Chile
| | - Emilio D Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Deng Z, Wu B, Yi X, Ma J, Liu Y, Nussio LG, Meng Q, Zhou Z, Wu H. The Effect of Yucca schidigera Extract on Serum Metabolites of Angus Crossbreed Steers with Metabolomics. Metabolites 2024; 14:58. [PMID: 38248861 PMCID: PMC10818960 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore the potential effect of Yucca schidigera extract (YSE) on the metabolism of beef cattle. Thirty Angus crossbreed steers were selected, with an initial mean body weight of 506.6 ± 33.3 kg, and assigned to two treatments: a diet with no additives (CON group) and a diet supplemented with 1.75 g/kg of YSE (YSE group) (on a dry matter basis). The experiment lasted for 104 days, with 14 days for adaptation. The results showed that adding YSE could significantly improve the average daily gain (ADG) from 1 to 59 d (15.38%) (p = 0.01) and 1 to 90 d (11.38%) (p < 0.01), as well as dry matter digestibility (DMD) (0.84%) (p < 0.05). The contents of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and bilirubin and the total antioxidant capacity were increased and blood urea was reduced in the YSE group, compared to the CON group (p < 0.05). Both the glycerophospholipids and bile acids, including phosphocholine, glycerophosphocholine, PC(15:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)), PE(18:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)), PE(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/P-18:0), LysoPC(15:0), LysoPC(17:0), LysoPC(18:0), LysoPC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)), deoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid, and cholic acid, were upregulated by the addition of YSE. In summary, YSE may improve the ADG by increasing the blood total antioxidant capacity and glycerophospholipid synthesis, maintaining steers under a healthy status that is beneficial for growth. Furthermore, YSE may also increase the expression of bile acid synthesis, thereby promoting DMD, which, in turn, offers more nutrients available for growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Deng
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.D.)
| | - Baoyun Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.D.)
| | - Xin Yi
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.D.)
| | - Jinglei Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.D.)
| | - Yue Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.D.)
| | - Luiz Gustavo Nussio
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (Esalq), University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11- 13416490, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Qingxiang Meng
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.D.)
| | - Zhenming Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.D.)
| | - Hao Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.D.)
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Ma X, La Y, Yang G, Dai R, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Jin J, Ma X, Guo X, Chu M, Yan P, Zhang Q, Liang C. Multi-omics revealed the effects of dietary energy levels on the rumen microbiota and metabolites in yaks under house-feeding conditions. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1309535. [PMID: 38264487 PMCID: PMC10803511 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1309535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Yak (Bos grunniens) is a unique large ruminant species in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). Changing the energy levels of their rations can significantly improve their growth performance. Therefore, studying the effects of dietary energy levels on the rumen microflora and metabolites of yak is crucial for enhancing the development of the yak industry. Currently, there is a lack of understanding regarding the impact of feeding energy diets on rumen fermentation parameters, microbial functions, and metabolites. This study was designed to determine the appropriate energy level for feeding yak. Three test diets with metabolizable energy levels of 7.57 MJ/kg, 9.44 MJ/kg, and 11.9 MJ/kg were used and the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in rumen fluid was measured. The microbial communities, functions, and metabolites in yaks were studied by 16S rRNA sequencing, metagenome, and LC-MS non-targeted metabolomics to investigate the relationships among rumen fermentation parameters, microbial diversity, and metabolites. Ration energy levels significantly affect total VFA, acetate, propionate, butyrate, iso-valerate, valerate, and acetate/propionate (p < 0.05). At the phylum level, the dominant phyla in all three treatment groups were Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteriota. At the genus level, the abundance of the unclassified_o__Bacteroidales, norank_f_Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, and Family _XIII_AD3011_group showed significant differences (p < 0.05) and were significantly correlated with differential metabolites screened for phosphatidylcholine [PC(16:0/0:0), PC(18:3/0:0)], uridine 3'-monophosphate, and adenosine monophosphate, etc. CAZymes family analysis showed that GHs and CEs differed significantly among the three groups. In addition, differential metabolites were mainly enriched in the pathways of lipid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, and the concentrations of differential metabolites were correlated with microbial abundance. In summary, this study analyzed the effects of ration energy levels on rumen microorganisms and metabolites of yaks and their relationships. The results provided a scientific basis for the selection of dietary energy for yaks in the house feeding period in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongfu La
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guowu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rongfeng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juanxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Gansu Grassland Technical Extension Station, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiaming Jin
- Gansu Grassland Technical Extension Station, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min Chu
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ping Yan
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Autonomous Regional Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Chunnian Liang
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
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Ning K, Shi C, Chi YY, Zhou YF, Zheng W, Duan Y, Tong W, Xie Q, Xiang H. Portulaca oleracea L. polysaccharide alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis by regulating intestinal homeostasis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128375. [PMID: 38000581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Portulaca oleracea L. (purslane) is a vegetable that contains a variety of active compounds with nutritional properties and has the potential to treat ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of Portulaca oleracea L. polysaccharide (POP) in alleviating UC remain unclear. In this study, we prepared an aqueous extract of purslane and separated a fraction with molecular weight >10 kDa using membrane separation. This fraction was used to isolate POP. The effect of POP on gut microbiota and colon transcriptome in dextran sulfate sodium-induced UC model mice was evaluated. POP treatment reduced inflammation and oxidative stress imbalance in UC mice. In addition, POP improved the intestinal barrier and regulated intestinal homeostasis. Importantly, POP was found to regulate gut microbiota, maintain the levels of retinol and short-chain fatty acids in the gut, promote the proliferation and differentiation of B cells in the colon, and increase the expression of immunoglobulin A. These results provide novel insights into the role of POP in regulating intestinal homeostasis, which should guide further development of POP as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ning
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Chao Shi
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Yan-Yu Chi
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Yong-Fei Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Yameng Duan
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Weiwei Tong
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Qiuhong Xie
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; Institute of Changbai Mountain Resource and Health, Jilin University, Fusong 134504, PR China.
| | - Hongyu Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; Institute of Changbai Mountain Resource and Health, Jilin University, Fusong 134504, PR China.
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Li A, Liu C, Han X, Zheng J, Zhang G, Qi X, Du P, Liu L. Tibetan Plateau yak milk: A comprehensive review of nutritional values, health benefits, and processing technology. Food Chem X 2023; 20:100919. [PMID: 38144800 PMCID: PMC10739763 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Yak milk is a characteristic animal product of yaks in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Although yak milk production is low, it is richer in nutrients such as protein, fat, and lactose, a more comprehensive range of bioactive components, and unique microbial resources than Holstein cow milk. The plateau environment makes yak milk resistant to hypoxia, anti-fatigue, antioxidant, antibacterial, and relieves chronic diseases. In this paper, based on the systematic analysis of yak milk research results in the past 20 years using CiteSpace 6.1.R2, we reviewed yak lactation performance and nutritional efficacy of yak milk. This paper summarizes the improvement of traditional yak dairy processing technology, and also focuses on the microbial diversity of yak milk sources and their beneficial effects. The purpose of this review is to provide scientific support for the development of a quality yak milk industry on the Tibetan plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xueting Han
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Guofang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoxi Qi
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Du
- Heilongjiang Green Food Science Research Institute, Harbin, China
| | - Libo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Malik PK, Trivedi S, Kolte AP, Mohapatra A, Biswas S, Bhattar AVK, Bhatta R, Rahman H. Comparative Rumen Metagenome and CAZyme Profiles in Cattle and Buffaloes: Implications for Methane Yield and Rumen Fermentation on a Common Diet. Microorganisms 2023; 12:47. [PMID: 38257874 PMCID: PMC10818812 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A study was undertaken to compare the rumen microbial community composition, methane yield, rumen fermentation, and CAZyme profiles between cattle and buffaloes. The primary aim of this study was to ascertain the impact of the host species on the above when diet and environmental factors are fixed. A total of 43 phyla, 200 orders, 458 families, and 1722 microbial genera were identified in the study. Bacteroidetes was the most prominent bacterial phylum and constituted >1/3rd of the ruminal microbiota; however, their abundances were comparable between cattle and buffaloes. Firmicutes were the second most abundant bacteria, found to be negatively correlated with the Bacteroidetes. The abundances of Firmicutes as well as the F/B ratio were not different between the two host species. In this study, archaea affiliated with the nine phyla were identified, with Euryarchaeota being the most prominent. Like bacterial phyla, the abundances of Euryarchaeota methanogens were also similar between the cattle and buffaloes. At the order level, Methanobacteriales dominated the archaea. Methanogens from the Methanosarcinales, Methanococcales, Methanomicrobiales, and Methanomassiliicoccales groups were also identified, but at a lower frequency. Methanobrevibacter was the most prevalent genus of methanogens, accounting for approximately three percent of the rumen metagenome. However, their distribution was not different between the two host species. CAZymes affiliated with five classes, namely CBM, CE, GH, GT, and PL, were identified in the metagenome, where the GH class was the most abundant and constituted ~70% of the total CAZymes. The protozoal numbers, including Entodiniomorphs and Holotrichs, were also comparable between the cattle and buffaloes. Results from the study did not reveal any significant difference in feed intake, nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation between cattle and buffaloes fed on the same diet. As methane yield due to the similar diet composition, feed ingredients, rumen fermentation, and microbiota composition did not vary, these results indicate that the microbiota community structure and methane emissions are under the direct influence of the diet and environment, and the host species may play only a minor role until the productivity does not vary. More studies are warranted to investigate the effect of different diets and environments on microbiota composition and methane yield. Further, the impact of variable productivity on both the cattle and buffaloes when the diet and environmental factors are fixed needs to be ascertained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K. Malik
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, India; (P.K.M.)
| | - Shraddha Trivedi
- International Livestock Research Institute, South Asia Regional Office, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Atul P. Kolte
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, India; (P.K.M.)
| | - Archit Mohapatra
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, India; (P.K.M.)
| | - Siddharth Biswas
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, India; (P.K.M.)
| | - Ashwin V. K. Bhattar
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, India; (P.K.M.)
| | - Raghavendra Bhatta
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, India; (P.K.M.)
| | - Habibar Rahman
- International Livestock Research Institute, South Asia Regional Office, New Delhi 110012, India
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Wang X, Bai C, Khas Erdene, Umair AM, Cao Q, Ao C, Jiang L. Potential modulating effects of Allium mongolicum regel ethanol extract on rumen fermentation and biohydrogenation bacteria of dairy cows in vitro. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1272691. [PMID: 38029125 PMCID: PMC10643186 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1272691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential modulating effects of Allium mongolicum regel ethanol extract (AME) on rumen fermentation and biohydrogenation (BH) bacteria in vitro. Four Holstein cows were used as donors for the rumen fluid used in this study. In experiment 1, five treatments (supplemented with 0 mg/g, 1 mg/g, 2 mg/g, 3 mg/g, and 4 mg/g of AME based on fermentation substrate, respectively) were conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of AME on fermentation status in vitro. The results showed that after 24 h of fermentation, MCP was reduced with AME supplementation (p < 0.05), and the multiple combinations of different combinations index (MFAEI) value was the highest with 3 mg/g of AME. In experiment 2, six treatments were constructed which contained: control group (A1); the unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) mixture at 3% concentration (A2); the mixture of A2 and 3 mg/g of AME (A3); 3 mg/g of AME (A4); the UFA mixture at 1.5% concentration (A5); the mixture of A5 and 3 mg/g of AME (A6). The abundance of bacterial species involved in BH was measured to evaluate the potential modulating effect of AME on rumen BH in vitro. Compared with the A1 group, the A3, A4, and A6 groups both showed significant decreases in the abundance of rumen BH microbial flora including Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Ruminococcus albus and Clostridium aminophilum (p < 0.01). The A3 group was less inhibitory than A4 in the abundance of B. proteoclasticus, B. fibrisolvens, and R. albus, and the inhibitory effect of the A6 group was higher than that of A4. In conclusion, the supplementation with 3 mg/g of AME could modulate the rumen fermentation and affect BH key bacteria, which suggests that AME may have the potential to inhibit the rumen BH of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoYuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Universities, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Chen Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Universities, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Khas Erdene
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Universities, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ashraf Muhammad Umair
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Universities, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - QiNa Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Universities, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - ChangJin Ao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Universities, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - LinShu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cattle Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Jiang M, Zhang X, Wang K, Datsomor O, Li X, Lin M, Feng C, Zhao G, Zhan K. Effect of Slow-Release Urea Partial Replacement of Soybean Meal on Lactation Performance, Heat Shock Signal Molecules, and Rumen Fermentation in Heat-Stressed Mid-Lactation Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2771. [PMID: 37685035 PMCID: PMC10486772 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effects of partially substituting soybean meal in the diet with slow-release urea (SRU) on the lactation performance, heat shock signal molecules, and environmental sustainability of heat-stressed lactating cows in the middle stage of lactation. In this study, 30 healthy Holstein lactating dairy cattle with a similar milk yield of 22.8 ± 3.3 kg, days in milk of 191.14 ± 27.24 days, and 2.2 ± 1.5 parity were selected and randomly allocated into two groups. The constituents of the two treatments were (1) basic diet plus 500 g soybean meal (SM) for the SM group and (2) basic diet plus 100 g slow-release urea and 400 g corn silage for the SRU group. The average temperature humidity index (THI) during the experiment was 84.47, with an average THI of >78 from day 1 to day 28, indicating the cow experienced moderate heat stress conditions. Compared with the SM group, the SRU group showed decreasing body temperature and respiratory rate trends at 20:00 (p < 0.1). The substitution of SM with SRU resulted in an increasing trend in milk yield, with a significant increase of 7.36% compared to the SM group (p < 0.1). Compared to the SM group, AST, ALT, and γ-GT content levels were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Notably, the levels of HSP-70 and HSP-90α were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). The SRU group showed significantly increased acetate and isovalerate concentrations compared with the SM group (p < 0.05). The prediction results indicate that the SRU group exhibits a significant decrease in methane (CH4) emissions when producing 1 L of milk compared to the SM group (p < 0.05). In summary, dietary supplementation with SRU tended to increase the milk yield and rumen fermentation and reduce plasma heat shock molecules in mid-lactation, heat-stressed dairy cows. In the hot summer, using SRU instead of some soybean meal in the diet alleviates the heat stress of dairy cows and reduces the production of CH4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maocheng Jiang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.J.); (X.Z.); (K.W.); (O.D.); (X.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Xuelei Zhang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.J.); (X.Z.); (K.W.); (O.D.); (X.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Kexin Wang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.J.); (X.Z.); (K.W.); (O.D.); (X.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Osmond Datsomor
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.J.); (X.Z.); (K.W.); (O.D.); (X.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.J.); (X.Z.); (K.W.); (O.D.); (X.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Miao Lin
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.J.); (X.Z.); (K.W.); (O.D.); (X.L.); (G.Z.)
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chunyan Feng
- Shanghai Menon Animal Nutrition Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200000, China;
| | - Guoqi Zhao
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.J.); (X.Z.); (K.W.); (O.D.); (X.L.); (G.Z.)
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kang Zhan
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.J.); (X.Z.); (K.W.); (O.D.); (X.L.); (G.Z.)
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Zhu Y, Sun G, Luosang-dunzhu, Li X, Luosang-zhaxi, Suolang-zhaxi, Suolang, Ciyang, Cidan-yangji, Basang-wangdui, Pan F, Peng Q. High energy level diet improves the growth performance and rumen fermentation of yaks in cold weather. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1212422. [PMID: 37546339 PMCID: PMC10402921 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1212422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, no research has been done on energy requirements for yaks in Tibetan cold weather. The findings of the current study provide proper energy requirements for yaks would facilitate scientific feeding of fattening yaks in cold weather. The metabolomics and 16s rRNA sequencing technologies were used to explore the underlying mechanism that affects the growth performance of yaks fed with different energy levels of diet in cold weather. Three groups of yaks (141.7 ± 3.34 kg) were fed with diets containing metabolizable energy 7.20, 7.89, and 8.58 MJ/kg DM (dry matter) and named the low-, medium-, and high-energy groups, respectively. The results showed that the average daily feed intake of the high-energy group was higher than that of the low-energy group (p = 0.006). Plasma aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.004), alanine aminotransferase (p < 0.001), and interferon-γ (p < 0.001) in the high-energy group were lower than in the low-energy group. In contrast, superoxide dismutase (p < 0.001), immunoglobulin G (p < 0.001), and interleukin 2 (p = 0.002) were higher than the low-energy group. The rumen microbial protein (p = 0.025), total volatile fatty acids (p = 0.029), and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (p = 0.050) in the high-energy group were higher than in the low-energy group, whereas the acetate: propionate ratio (p = 0.001) and ammonium nitrogen (p = 0.001) were lower than in the low-energy group. The plasma metabolomics results displayed that yaks fed with a high-energy diet augmented the metabolism of arginine, proline, purine, taste transduction, pyrimidine, and glutathione pathways. The relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter in the high-energy group was lower (p < 0.001), whereas the relative abundance of Methanosphaera (p < 0.001) was higher than in the low-energy group. The results of the current study suggest that a high-energy diet in growing yaks during the cold season can improve growth performance, rumen microbial protein synthesis, antioxidants, and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Zhu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, China
- Linzhou Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Lhasa, China
| | - Guangming Sun
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, China
| | - Luosang-dunzhu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, China
| | - Xin Li
- Linzhou Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Lhasa, China
| | - Luosang-zhaxi
- Linzhou Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Lhasa, China
| | - Suolang-zhaxi
- Linzhou Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Lhasa, China
| | - Suolang
- Linzhou Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Lhasa, China
| | - Ciyang
- Linzhou Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Lhasa, China
| | - Cidan-yangji
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, China
| | - Basang-wangdui
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, China
| | - Feng Pan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quanhui Peng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low-Carbon Farming and Safety Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Dai R, Ma X, Dingkao R, Huang C, La Y, Li X, Ma X, Wu X, Chu M, Guo X, Pei J, Yan P, Liang C. Effects of dietary crude protein levels in the concentrate supplement after grazing on rumen microbiota and metabolites by using metagenomics and metabolomics in Jersey-yak. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1124917. [PMID: 37200912 PMCID: PMC10185794 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1124917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The crude protein level in the diet will affect the fermentation parameters, microflora, and metabolites in the rumen of ruminants. It is of great significance to study the effect of crude protein levels in supplementary diet on microbial community and metabolites for improving animal growth performance. At present, the effects of crude protein level in supplementary diet on rumen fermentation parameters, microbial community, and metabolites of Jersey-Yak (JY) are still unclear. Methods The purpose of this experiment was to study the appropriate crude protein level in the diet of JY. The rumen fermentation indexes (volatile fatty acids and pH) were determined by supplementary diets with crude protein levels of 15.16 and 17.90%, respectively, and the microbial community and metabolites of JYs were analyzed by non-target metabonomics and metagenome sequencing technology, and the changes of rumen fermentation parameters, microbial flora, and metabolites in the three groups and their interactions were studied. Results and Discussion The crude protein level in the supplementary diet had significant effects on pH, valeric acid, and the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid (p < 0.05). The protein level had no significant effect on the dominant microflora at the phylum level (p > 0.05), and all three groups were Bacteroides and Firmicutes. The results of metabolite analysis showed that the crude protein level of supplementary diet significantly affected the metabolic pathways such as Bile secretion and styrene degradation (p < 0.05), and there were different metabolites between the LP group and HP group, and these different metabolites were related to the dominant microbial to some extent. To sum up, in this experiment, the effects of crude protein level in supplementary diet on rumen microorganisms and metabolites of JY and their relationship were studied, which provided the theoretical basis for formulating a more scientific and reasonable supplementary diet in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfeng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Renqing Dingkao
- Animal Husbandry Station, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gannan, Gansu, China
| | - Chun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongfu La
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min Chu
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jie Pei
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ping Yan
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Ping Yan,
| | - Chunnian Liang
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chunnian Liang,
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Effects of Dietary Capsaicin and Yucca schidigera Extracts as Feed Additives on Rumen Fermentation and Microflora of Beef Cattle Fed with a Moderate-Energy Diet. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Capsaicin (CAP) and Yucca schidigera extract (YSE) are two types of plant extracts that can change rumen fermentation. This study was conducted to investigate whether supplementation of beef cattle diets with CAP and YSE for 90 days would affect rumen fermentation and microflora. Forty-five healthy Angus steers (initial body weight = 510.54 ± 41.27 kg) were divided into three groups: control (CON), CAP, and YSE. Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentrations were significantly higher in the YSE group than in the CON group and significantly lower in the CAP group than in the CON group. At the phylum level, YSE increased the relative abundances of Bacteroidota and Patescibacteria and reduced that of Bacillota. At the genus level, CAP and YSE both increased the relative abundances of genera subordinate to Bacteroidota and decreased the relative abundances of genera subordinate to Bacillota. Our study shows that YSE and CAP have different effects on rumen fermentation and microflora after long-term supplementation.
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