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Liu Z, Hu R, Cao H, Huang P, Yan H, Meng P, Xiong Z, Dai X, Yang F, Wang L, Qiu Q, Yan L, Zhang T. Identification and phylogenetic analysis of Jingmen tick virus in Jiangxi Province, China. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1375852. [PMID: 38756509 PMCID: PMC11096534 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1375852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Jingmen tick virus (JMTV) is a newly identified segmented flavivirus that has been recognized in multiple hosts, such as humans, buffalos, bats, rodents, mosquitos and ticks. Various clinical cases and studies manifested that JMTV is a true arbovirus with wide host spectrum and showed potential threats toward public health. JMTV has been reported in multiple countries in Asia, Europe, Africa, and America. Moreover, wild boars serve as an important intermediary between humans and the wild ecological system. In China, it has been reported in nine provinces, while the prevalence and the distribution of JMTV in most regions including Jiangxi Province are still unknown. Thus, to profile the distribution of JMTV in Jiangxi Province, an epidemiological investigation was carried out from 2020 to 2022. In current study, 66 ticks were collected from 17 wild boars in Jiangxi Province. The results showed that 12 out of 66 ticks were JMTV positive, indicating JMTV is prevalent in ticks and boars in Jiangxi Province. The genome sequences of JMTV strain WY01 were sequenced to profile viral evolution of JMTV in China. Phylogenetic analysis divided JMTV strains into two genotypes, Group I and Group II. WY01 belongs to Group II and it shares the closest evolutionary relationship with the Japan strains rather than the strains from neighboring provinces in China suggesting that JMTV might have complex transmission routes. Overall, current study, for the first time, reported that JMTV is prevalent in Jiangxi Province and provided additional information concerning JMTV distribution and evolution in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ruiming Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Products, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huabin Cao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Jiangxi Wildlife and Plant Conservation Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Jiangxi Wildlife and Plant Conservation Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Puyan Meng
- Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhiwei Xiong
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Biotechnology Vocational College, Nanchang, China
| | - Xueyan Dai
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Li Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qian Qiu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Linjie Yan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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Xiao J, Yao X, Guan X, Xiong J, Fang Y, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Moming A, Su Z, Jin J, Ge Y, Wang J, Fan Z, Tang S, Shen S, Deng F. Viromes of Haemaphysalis longicornis reveal different viral abundance and diversity in free and engorged ticks. Virol Sin 2024; 39:194-204. [PMID: 38360150 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks, commonly found in East Asia, can transmit various pathogenic viruses, including the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) that has caused febrile diseases among humans in Hubei Province. However, understanding of the viromes of H. longicornis was limited, and the prevalence of viruses among H. longicornis ticks in Hubei was not well clarified. This study investigates the viromes of both engorged (fed) and free (unfed) H. longicornis ticks across three mountainous regions in Hubei Province from 2019 to 2020. RNA-sequencing analysis identified viral sequences that were related to 39 reference viruses belonging to unclassified viruses and seven RNA viral families, namely Chuviridae, Nairoviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Parvoviridae, Phenuiviridae, Rhabdoviridae, and Totiviridae. Viral abundance and diversity in these ticks were analysed, and phylogenetic characteristics of the Henan tick virus (HNTV), Dabieshan tick virus (DBSTV), Okutama tick virus (OKTV), and Jingmen tick virus (JMTV) were elucidated based on their full genomic sequences. Prevalence analysis demonstrated that DBSTV was the most common virus found in individual H. longicornis ticks (12.59%), followed by HNTV (0.35%), whereas JMTV and OKTV were not detected. These results improve our understanding of H. longicornis tick viromes in central China and highlight the role of tick feeding status and geography in shaping the viral community. The findings of new viral strains and their potential impact on public health raise the need to strengthen surveillance efforts for comprehensively assessing their spillover potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Xuan Yao
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuhua Guan
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinfeng Xiong
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yaohui Fang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - You Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; Current address: Department of Medical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 57000, China
| | - Abulimiti Moming
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Urumqi, 830002, China
| | - Zhengyuan Su
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jiayin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yingying Ge
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhaojun Fan
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shuang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, 430200, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Urumqi, 830002, China.
| | - Fei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Antúnez MP, Marín Montesinos JC, Corduneanu A, Obregón D, Moutailler S, Cabezas-Cruz A. Tick-borne viruses and their risk to public health in the Caribbean: Spotlight on bats as reservoirs in Cuba. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26118. [PMID: 38375245 PMCID: PMC10875593 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, tick-borne diseases (TBDs) have surged and expanded globally due to factors like changes in human activities, land use patterns, and climate change, and it have been associated with the emergence of zoonotic diseases. Cuba faces the impact of ticks on human health and the economy. Although Cuba has studied TBDs extensively for the past 50 years, focus on tick-borne viral pathogens affecting humans remains scant. Despite TBDs not currently being a major health concern in Cuba, factors like inadequate clinician awareness, climate conditions, global tick emergence, and evidence of zoonotic pathogens in ticks underscore the importance of enhanced TBD surveillance in the country. Here we revised the available information on ticks as vectors of pathogenic viruses to humans, spotlighting bats as potential reservoirs of tick-borne viruses (TBVs). Ticks on bats have gained interest as potential reservoirs of pathogenic viruses to humans in Cuba and worldwide. Understanding their role in maintaining viruses and their potential transmission to humans is crucial for the implementation of surveillance and control programs to reduce the risk of tick-borne viral diseases and public health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritza Pupo Antúnez
- Laboratorio de Virología. Departamento de Microbiología y Virología. Facultad de Biología, Universidad de la Habana, C.P. 10400, Plaza de la Revolución, Cuba
| | - José Carlos Marín Montesinos
- Laboratorio de Virología. Departamento de Microbiología y Virología. Facultad de Biología, Universidad de la Habana, C.P. 10400, Plaza de la Revolución, Cuba
| | - Alexandra Corduneanu
- Department of Animal Breeding and Animal Production, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dasiel Obregón
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Sara Moutailler
- Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort, F-94700, France
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort, F-94700, France
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Wang R, Liu S, Sun H, Xu C, Wen Y, Wu X, Zhang W, Nie K, Li F, Fu S, Yin Q, He Y, Xu S, Liang G, Deng L, Wei Q, Wang H. Metatranscriptomics Reveals the RNA Virome of Ixodes Persulcatus in the China-North Korea Border, 2017. Viruses 2023; 16:62. [PMID: 38257762 PMCID: PMC10819109 DOI: 10.3390/v16010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, numerous viruses have been identified from ticks, and some have been linked to clinical cases of emerging tick-borne diseases. Chinese northeast frontier is tick infested. However, there is a notable lack of systematic monitoring efforts to assess the viral composition in the area, leaving the ecological landscape of viruses carried by ticks not clear enough. Between April and June 2017, 7101 ticks were collected to perform virus surveillance on the China-North Korea border, specifically in Tonghua, Baishan, and Yanbian. A total of 2127 Ixodes persulcatus were identified. Further investigation revealed the diversity of tick-borne viruses by transcriptome sequencing of Ixodes persulcatus. All ticks tested negative for tick-borne encephalitis virus. Transcriptome sequencing expanded 121 genomic sequence data of 12 different virus species from Ixodes persulcatus. Notably, a new segmented flavivirus, named Baishan Forest Tick Virus, were identified, closely related to Alongshan virus and Harz mountain virus. Therefore, this new virus may pose a potential threat to humans. Furthermore, the study revealed the existence of seven emerging tick-borne viruses dating back to 2017. These previously identified viruses included Mudanjiang phlebovirus, Onega tick phlebovirus, Sara tick phlebovirus, Yichun mivirus, and three unnamed viruses (one belonging to the Peribunyaviridae family and the other two belonging to the Phenuiviridae family). The existence of these emerging tick-borne viruses in tick samples collected in 2017 suggests that their history may extend further than previously recognized. This study provides invaluable insights into the virome of Ixodes persulcatus in the China-North Korea border region, enhancing our ongoing efforts to manage the risks associated with tick-borne viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichen Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (R.W.); (S.L.); (C.X.); (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (K.N.); (F.L.); (S.F.); (Q.Y.); (Y.H.); (S.X.); (G.L.)
| | - Shenghui Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (R.W.); (S.L.); (C.X.); (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (K.N.); (F.L.); (S.F.); (Q.Y.); (Y.H.); (S.X.); (G.L.)
| | - Hongliang Sun
- Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Changchun 130012, China; (H.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Chongxiao Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (R.W.); (S.L.); (C.X.); (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (K.N.); (F.L.); (S.F.); (Q.Y.); (Y.H.); (S.X.); (G.L.)
| | - Yanhan Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (R.W.); (S.L.); (C.X.); (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (K.N.); (F.L.); (S.F.); (Q.Y.); (Y.H.); (S.X.); (G.L.)
| | - Xiwen Wu
- Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Changchun 130012, China; (H.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Weijia Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (R.W.); (S.L.); (C.X.); (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (K.N.); (F.L.); (S.F.); (Q.Y.); (Y.H.); (S.X.); (G.L.)
| | - Kai Nie
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (R.W.); (S.L.); (C.X.); (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (K.N.); (F.L.); (S.F.); (Q.Y.); (Y.H.); (S.X.); (G.L.)
| | - Fan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (R.W.); (S.L.); (C.X.); (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (K.N.); (F.L.); (S.F.); (Q.Y.); (Y.H.); (S.X.); (G.L.)
| | - Shihong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (R.W.); (S.L.); (C.X.); (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (K.N.); (F.L.); (S.F.); (Q.Y.); (Y.H.); (S.X.); (G.L.)
| | - Qikai Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (R.W.); (S.L.); (C.X.); (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (K.N.); (F.L.); (S.F.); (Q.Y.); (Y.H.); (S.X.); (G.L.)
| | - Ying He
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (R.W.); (S.L.); (C.X.); (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (K.N.); (F.L.); (S.F.); (Q.Y.); (Y.H.); (S.X.); (G.L.)
| | - Songtao Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (R.W.); (S.L.); (C.X.); (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (K.N.); (F.L.); (S.F.); (Q.Y.); (Y.H.); (S.X.); (G.L.)
| | - Guodong Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (R.W.); (S.L.); (C.X.); (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (K.N.); (F.L.); (S.F.); (Q.Y.); (Y.H.); (S.X.); (G.L.)
| | - Liquan Deng
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- National Pathogen Resource Center, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (R.W.); (S.L.); (C.X.); (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (K.N.); (F.L.); (S.F.); (Q.Y.); (Y.H.); (S.X.); (G.L.)
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Wang J, Wang J, Kuang G, Wu W, Yang L, Yang W, Pan H, Han X, Yang T, Shi M, Feng Y. Meta-transcriptomics for the diversity of tick-borne virus in Nujiang, Yunnan Province. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1283019. [PMID: 38179426 PMCID: PMC10766107 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1283019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Ticks, an arthropod known for transmitting various pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi, pose a perpetual public health concern. A total of 2,570 ticks collected from Nujiang Prefecture in Yunnan Province between 2017 and 2022 were included in the study. Through the meta-transcriptomic sequencing of four locally distributed tick species, we identified 13 RNA viruses belonging to eight viral families, namely, Phenuiviridae, Nairoviridae, Peribunyaviridae, Flaviviridae, Chuviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, and Totiviridae. The most prevalent viruses were members of the order Bunyavirales, including three of Phenuiviridae, two were classified as Peribunyaviridae, and one was associated with Nairoviridae. However, whether they pose a threat to human health still remains unclear. Indeed, this study revealed the genetic diversity of tick species and tick-borne viruses in Nujiang Prefecture based on COI gene and tick-borne virus research. These data clarified the genetic evolution of some RNA viruses and furthered our understanding of the distribution pattern of tick-borne pathogens, highlighting the importance and necessity of monitoring tick-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Dali, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guopeng Kuang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Dali, China
| | - Weichen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lifen Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Dali, China
| | - Weihong Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Dali, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Dali, China
| | - Xi Han
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Dali, China
| | - Tian Yang
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Mang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun Feng
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Dali, China
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, China
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Center for Global Change and Public Health, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Ergunay K, Bourke BP, Reinbold-Wasson DD, Nikolich MP, Nelson SP, Caicedo-Quiroga L, Vaydayko N, Kirkitadze G, Chunashvili T, Long LS, Blackburn JK, Cleary NG, Tucker CL, Linton YM. The expanding range of emerging tick-borne viruses in Eastern Europe and the Black Sea Region. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19824. [PMID: 37963929 PMCID: PMC10646066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46879-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We analysed both pooled and individual tick samples collected from four countries in Eastern Europe and the Black Sea region, using metagenome-based nanopore sequencing (NS) and targeted amplification. Initially, 1337 ticks, belonging to 11 species, were screened in 217 pools. Viruses (21 taxa) and human pathogens were detected in 46.5% and 7.3%, respectively. Tick-borne viral pathogens comprised Tacheng Tick Virus 2 (TTV2, 5.9%), Jingmen Tick Virus (JMTV, 0.9%) and Tacheng Tick Virus 1 (TTV1, 0.4%). An association of tick species with individual virus taxa was observed, with the exception of TTV2, which was observed in both Dermacentor and Haemaphysalis species. Individual ticks from pools with pathogen detection were then further screened by targeted amplification and then NS, which provided extensive genome data and revealed probable pathogen Haseki Tick Virus (HTV, 10.2%). Two distinct TTV2 clades were observed in phylogenetic analysis, one of which included closely related Dermacentor reticulatus Uukuviruses. JMTV detection indicated integrated virus sequences. Overall, we observed an expansion of newly documented pathogenic tick-borne viruses into Europe, with TTV1 being identified on the continent for the first time. These viruses should be included in the diagnostic assessment of symptomatic cases associated with tick bites and vector surveillance efforts. NS is shown as a useful tool for monitoring tick-associated pathogens in pooled or individual samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Ergunay
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD, 20746-2863, USA.
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA.
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution-National Museum of Natural History, 10th St NE and Constitution Ave NE, Washington, DC, 20002, USA.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Brian P Bourke
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD, 20746-2863, USA
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution-National Museum of Natural History, 10th St NE and Constitution Ave NE, Washington, DC, 20002, USA
| | | | - Mikeljon P Nikolich
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Suppaluck P Nelson
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD, 20746-2863, USA
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution-National Museum of Natural History, 10th St NE and Constitution Ave NE, Washington, DC, 20002, USA
| | - Laura Caicedo-Quiroga
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD, 20746-2863, USA
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution-National Museum of Natural History, 10th St NE and Constitution Ave NE, Washington, DC, 20002, USA
| | - Nataliya Vaydayko
- Ukrainian Center of Diseases Control and Monitoring, Kyiv, 04071, Ukraine
| | - Giorgi Kirkitadze
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-Georgia (USAMRD-G), Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Tamar Chunashvili
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-Georgia (USAMRD-G), Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Lewis S Long
- Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Jason K Blackburn
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Nora G Cleary
- One Health Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Cynthia L Tucker
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD, 20746-2863, USA
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Yvonne-Marie Linton
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD, 20746-2863, USA
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution-National Museum of Natural History, 10th St NE and Constitution Ave NE, Washington, DC, 20002, USA
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Li W, Li R, Tang X, Cheng J, Zhan L, Shang Z, Wu J. Genomics evolution of Jingmen viruses associated with ticks and vertebrates. Genomics 2023; 115:110734. [PMID: 37890641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Jingmen virus (JMV) associated with ticks and vertebrates have been found to be related to human disease. We obtained the genome of a Jingmen tick virus (JMTV) strain from Rhipicephalus microplus in Guizhou province and compared the genomes of seven JMV species associated with ticks and vertebrates to understand the evolutionary relationships. The topology of the phylogenetic tree of segment 1 and segment 3 is similar, and segment 2 and segment 4 formed two different topologies, with the main differences being between Alongshan virus (ALSV), Takachi virus, Yanggou tick virus and Pteropus lylei jingmen virus (PLJV), and the possibility of genetic reassortment among these viruses. Moreover, we detected recombination within JMTV and between PLJV and ALSV. The genetic reassortment and recombination that occurs during cross-species transmission of these JMV associated with ticks and vertebrates not only complicates their evolutionary relationships, but also raises the risk of these viruses to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Li
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology and Characteristics, Basic Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Rongting Li
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology and Characteristics, Basic Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Xiaomin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology and Characteristics, Basic Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Department of Human Parasitology, Basic Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Jinzhi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology and Characteristics, Basic Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Department of Human Parasitology, Basic Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Lin Zhan
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China; Central Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, China
| | - Zhengling Shang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Jiahong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology and Characteristics, Basic Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Department of Human Parasitology, Basic Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
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8
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Wu Z, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Lu K, Zhu W, Feng S, Qi J, Niu G. Jingmen tick virus: an emerging arbovirus with a global threat. mSphere 2023; 8:e0028123. [PMID: 37702505 PMCID: PMC10597410 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00281-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Jingmen tick virus (JMTV), belonging to the Flaviviridae family, is a novel segmented RNA virus identified in 2014 in the Jingmen region of Hubei Province, China. Up to now, JMTV has been detected in a variety of countries or regions in Asia, Europe, Africa, and the Americas, involving a wide range of arthropods and mammals, and even humans. The JMTV genome is composed of four linear RNA segments, two of which are derived from flaviviruses, while the other two segments are unique to JMTV and has no matching virus. Currently, JMTV has been shown to have a pathogenic effect on humans. Humans who had been infected would develop viremia and variable degrees of clinical symptoms. However, the pathogenic mechanism of JMTV has not been elucidated yet. Therefore, it is crucial to strengthen the epidemiological surveillance and laboratory studies of JMTV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wu
- WeiFang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- WeiFang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yuli Zhang
- WeiFang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Ke Lu
- WeiFang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Wenbing Zhu
- WeiFang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Shuo Feng
- WeiFang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Qi
- Tianjin Customs Port Out-Patient Department, Tianjin International Travel Healthcare Center, Tianjin, Hebei, China
| | - Guoyu Niu
- WeiFang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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9
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Litov AG, Okhezin EV, Kholodilov IS, Polienko AE, Karganova GG. Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction System for Alongshan Virus Detection. Methods Protoc 2023; 6:79. [PMID: 37736962 PMCID: PMC10514782 DOI: 10.3390/mps6050079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The recently discovered Jingmenvirus group includes viruses with a segmented genome, RNA of a positive polarity, and several proteins with distant homology to the proteins of the members of the genus Orthoflavivirus. Some Jingmenvirus group members, namely the Alongshan virus (ALSV) and Jingmen tick virus, are reported to be tick-borne human pathogens that can cause a wide variety of symptoms. The ALSV is widely distributed in Eurasia, yet no reliable assay that can detect it exists. We describe a qPCR system for ALSV detection. Our data showed that this system can detect as little as 104 copies of the ALSV in a sample. The system showed no amplification of the common tick-borne viruses circulating in Eurasia, i.e., the Yanggou tick virus-which is another Jingmenvirus group member-or some known members of the genus Orthoflavivirus. The qPCR system was tested and had no nonspecific signal for the Ixodes ricinus, I. persulcatus, Dermacentor reticulatus, D. marginatus, Haemaphysalis concinna, and H. japonica ticks. The qPCR system had no nonspecific signal for human and sheep serum as well. Overall, the qPCR system described here can be used for reliable and quantitative ALSV detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G. Litov
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI “Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.O.); (I.S.K.); (A.E.P.); (G.G.K.)
| | - Egor V. Okhezin
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI “Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.O.); (I.S.K.); (A.E.P.); (G.G.K.)
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan S. Kholodilov
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI “Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.O.); (I.S.K.); (A.E.P.); (G.G.K.)
| | - Alexandra E. Polienko
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI “Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.O.); (I.S.K.); (A.E.P.); (G.G.K.)
| | - Galina G. Karganova
- Laboratory of Biology of Arboviruses, FSASI “Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.O.); (I.S.K.); (A.E.P.); (G.G.K.)
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Mohamed Ali S, Rakotonirina A, Heng K, Jacquemet E, Volant S, Temmam S, Boyer S, Eloit M. Longitudinal Study of Viral Diversity Associated with Mosquito Species Circulating in Cambodia. Viruses 2023; 15:1831. [PMID: 37766237 PMCID: PMC10535147 DOI: 10.3390/v15091831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) pose a significant global health threat and are primarily transmitted by mosquitoes. In Cambodia, there are currently 290 recorded mosquito species, with at least 17 of them considered potential vectors of arboviruses to humans. Effective surveillance of virome profiles in mosquitoes from Cambodia is vital, as it could help prevent and control arbovirus diseases in a country where epidemics occur frequently. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize the viral diversity in mosquitoes collected during a one-year longitudinal study conducted in various habitats across Cambodia. For this purpose, we used a metatranscriptomics approach and detected the presence of chikungunya virus in the collected mosquitoes. Additionally, we identified viruses categorized into 26 taxa, including those known to harbor arboviruses such as Flaviviridae and Orthomyxoviridae, along with a group of viruses not yet taxonomically identified and provisionally named "unclassified viruses". Interestingly, the taxa detected varied in abundance and composition depending on the mosquito genus, with no significant influence of the collection season. Furthermore, most of the identified viruses were either closely related to viruses found exclusively in insects or represented new viruses belonging to the Rhabdoviridae and Birnaviridae families. The transmission capabilities of these novel viruses to vertebrates remain unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souand Mohamed Ali
- Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France; (S.M.A.); (S.T.)
| | - Antsa Rakotonirina
- Medical and Veterinary Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia; (A.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Kimly Heng
- Medical and Veterinary Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia; (A.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Elise Jacquemet
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France (S.V.)
| | - Stevenn Volant
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France (S.V.)
| | - Sarah Temmam
- Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France; (S.M.A.); (S.T.)
| | - Sebastien Boyer
- Medical and Veterinary Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia; (A.R.); (S.B.)
- Ecology and Emergence of Arthropod-Borne Diseases, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marc Eloit
- Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France; (S.M.A.); (S.T.)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, University of Paris-Est, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
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Huang L, Liu S, Chen L, Wang F, Ye P, Xia L, Jiang B, Tang H, Zhang Q, Ruan X, Chen W, Jiang J. Identification of novel Jingmen tick virus from parasitic ticks fed on a giant panda and goats in Sichuan Province, southwestern China. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1179173. [PMID: 37389347 PMCID: PMC10305807 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1179173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tick-borne viruses (TBVs) pose a significant risk to the health of humans and other vertebrates. A class of multisegmented flavi-like viruses, Jingmen tick virus (JMTV) was first discovered in Rhipicephalus microplus ticks collected from Jingmen of Hubei Province, China in 2010. JMTV has been confirmed to have a relatively wide distribution in vectors and hosts and is associated with human diseases. Methods Parasitic and host-seeking ticks were collected in Wolong Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province. Total RNA was extracted and then enriched the viral RNA. The DNA library was constructed and then were sequenced with MGI High-throughput Sequencing Set (PE150). After the adaptor sequences,low-quality bases and host genome were removed, resulting reads classified as a virus were subsequently de novo assembled into contigs, which were then compared to the NT database. Those annotated under the kingdom virus were initially identified as potential virus-associated sequences. Phylogenetic and Reassortment analysis of sequences were performed using MEGA and SimPlot software, respectively. Results and discussion Two host-seeking ticks and 17 ticks that fed on giant pandas and goats were collected. Through high-throughput sequencing, whole virus genomes were attained from four tick samples (PC-13, PC-16, PC-18, and PC-19) that shared 88.7-96.3% similarity with known JMTV. Phylogenetic tree showed that it was a novel JMTV-like virus, referred to as Sichuan tick virus, which also had the signals of reassortment with other JMTV strains, suggesting a cross-species transmission and co-infection of segmented flavi-like viruses among multiple tick hosts. Conclusion We discovered and confirmed one new Jingmen tick virus, Sichuan tick virus. Further investigation is required to determine the pathogenicity of Sichuan tick virus to humans and animals, as well as its epidemiological characteristics in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Shunshuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Beijing Macro & Micro-test Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Sichuan Forestry and Grassland Pest Control and Quarantine Station, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Ye
- Wolong National Natural Reserve Administration Bureau, Wenchuan, China
| | - Luoyuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Baogui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Wolong National Natural Reserve Administration Bureau, Wenchuan, China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- Wolong National Natural Reserve Administration Bureau, Wenchuan, China
| | - Xiangdong Ruan
- Academy of Inventory and Planning, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Weijun Chen
- BGI PathoGenesis Pharmaceutical Technology, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
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12
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Ergunay K, Dincer E, Justi SA, Bourke BP, Nelson SP, Liao HM, Timurkan MO, Oguz B, Sahindokuyucu I, Gokcecik OF, Reinbold-Wasson DD, Jiang L, Achee NL, Grieco JP, Linton YM. Impact of nanopore-based metagenome sequencing on tick-borne virus detection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1177651. [PMID: 37323891 PMCID: PMC10267750 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1177651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We evaluated metagenomic nanopore sequencing (NS) in field-collected ticks and compared findings from amplification-based assays. Methods Forty tick pools collected in Anatolia, Turkey and screened by broad-range or nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) and Jingmen tick virus (JMTV) were subjected to NS using a standard, cDNA-based metagenome approach. Results Eleven viruses from seven genera/species were identified. Miviruses Bole tick virus 3 and Xinjiang mivirus 1 were detected in 82.5 and 2.5% of the pools, respectively. Tick phleboviruses were present in 60% of the pools, with four distinct viral variants. JMTV was identified in 60% of the pools, where only 22.5% were PCR-positive. CCHFV sequences characterized as Aigai virus were detected in 50%, where only 15% were detected by PCR. NS produced a statistically significant increase in detection of these viruses. No correlation of total virus, specific virus, or targeted segment read counts was observed between PCR-positive and PCR-negative samples. NS further enabled the initial description of Quaranjavirus sequences in ticks, where human and avian pathogenicity of particular isolates had been previously documented. Discussion NS was observed to surpass broad-range and nested amplification in detection and to generate sufficient genome-wide data for investigating virus diversity. It can be employed for monitoring pathogens in tick vectors or human/animal clinical samples in hot-spot regions for examining zoonotic spillover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Ergunay
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, United States
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution–National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ender Dincer
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Silvia A. Justi
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, United States
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution–National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States
| | - Brian P. Bourke
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, United States
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution–National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States
| | - Suppaluck P. Nelson
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, United States
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution–National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States
| | - Hsiao-Mei Liao
- Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mehmet Ozkan Timurkan
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Yakutiye, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Bekir Oguz
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Türkiye
| | - Ismail Sahindokuyucu
- Bornova Veterinary Control Institute, Veterinary Control Institute Directorates, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Omer Faruk Gokcecik
- Bornova Veterinary Control Institute, Veterinary Control Institute Directorates, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Izmir, Türkiye
| | | | - Le Jiang
- Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nicole L. Achee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - John P. Grieco
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Yvonne-Marie Linton
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, United States
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution–National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States
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