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Wang B, Wang Y, Zhou X, Gao XD, Fujita M, Li Z. Highly efficient expression of Rasamsonia emersonii lipase in Pichia pastoris: characterization and gastrointestinal simulated digestion in vitro. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:5603-5613. [PMID: 38363126 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acidic lipases with high catalytic activities under acidic conditions have important application values in the food, feed and pharmaceutical industries. However, the availability of acidic lipases is still the main obstacle to their industrial applications. Although a novel acidic lipase Rasamsonia emersonii (LIPR) was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, the expression level was unsatisfactory. RESULTS To achieve the high-efficiency expression and secretion of LIPR in Pichia pastoris GS115, the combinatorial optimization strategy was adopted including gene codon preference, signal peptide, molecular chaperone co-expression and disruption of vacuolar sorting receptor VPS10. The activity of the combinatorial optimization engineered strain in a shake flask reached 1480 U mL-1, which was 8.13 times greater than the P. pastoris GS115 parental strain. After high-density fermentation in a 5-L bioreactor, the highest enzyme activity reached as high as 11 820 U mL-1. LIPR showed the highest activity at 40 °C and pH 4.0 in the presence of Ca2+ ion. LIPR exhibited strong tolerance to methanol, indicating its potential application in biodiesel biosynthesis. Moreover, the gastrointestinal digestion simulation results demonstrated that LIPR was tolerant to pepsin and trypsin, but its activity was inhibited by sodium taurodeoxycholate. CONCLUSION This study provided an effective approach for the high expression of acidic lipase LIPR. LIPR was more appropriate for lipid digestion in the stomach than in intestine according to the gastrointestinal digestion simulation results. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yasen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoman Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Morihisa Fujita
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Zijie Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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2
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Karia M, Kaspal M, Alhattab M, Puri M. Marine-Derived Lipases for Enhancing Enrichment of Very-Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids with Reference to Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:301. [PMID: 39057410 PMCID: PMC11277628 DOI: 10.3390/md22070301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids are essential fatty acids that are not synthesised by the human body and have been linked with the prevention of chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the current dietary habits of the majority of the population include lower omega-3 content compared to omega-6, which does not promote good health. To overcome this, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical companies aim to produce omega-3-fortified foods. For this purpose, various approaches have been employed to obtain omega-3 concentrates from sources such as fish and algal oil with higher amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Among these techniques, enzymatic enrichment using lipase enzymes has gained tremendous interest as it is low in capital cost and simple in operation. Microorganism-derived lipases are preferred as they are easily produced due to their higher growth rate, and they hold the ability to be manipulated using genetic modification. This review aims to highlight the recent studies that have been carried out using marine lipases for the enrichment of omega-3, to provide insight into future directions. Overall, the covalent bond-based lipase immobilization to various support materials appears most promising; however, greener and less expensive options need to be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahejbin Karia
- Bioprocessing Laboratory, Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia
| | - Mona Kaspal
- Bioprocessing Laboratory, Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia
| | - Mariam Alhattab
- Bioprocessing Laboratory, Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia
| | - Munish Puri
- Bioprocessing Laboratory, Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia
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Vasundhara M, Singh K, Suryanarayanan TS, Reddy MS. Alkaliphilic and thermostable lipase production by leaf litter fungus Leptosphaerulina trifolii A SMR-2011. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:264. [PMID: 38760519 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03997-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Fungi that inhabit fire-prone forests have to be adapted to harsh conditions and fungi affiliated to Ascomycota recovered from foliar litter samples were used for bioprospecting of molecules such as enzymes. Agni's fungi isolated from leaf litter, whose spores are capable of tolerating 110 oC were screened for thermostable lipases. One of the isolates, Leptosphaerulina trifolii A SMR-2011 exhibited high positive lipase activity than other isolates while screening through agar plate assay using Tween 20 in the medium. Maximum lipase activity (173.2 U/mg) of L. trifolii was observed at six days of inoculation and decreased thereafter. Among different oils used, the maximum lipase activity was attained by soybean oil (940.1 U/mg) followed by sunflower oil (917.1 U/mg), and then by mustard oil (884.8 U/mg), showing its specificity towards unsaturated fatty acids. Among the various organic nitrogen sources tested, soybean meal showed maximum lipase activity (985.4 U/mg). The partially purified enzyme was active over a wide range of pH from 8 to 12 with a pH optimum of 11.0 (728.1 U/mg) and a temperature range of 60-80 oC with an optimal temperature of 70 oC (779.1 U/mg). The results showed that lipase produced by L. trifolii is alkali stable and retained 85% of its activity at pH 11.0. This enzyme also showed high thermal stability retaining more than 50% of activity when incubated at 60 oC to 90 °C for 2 h. The ions Ca2+ and Mn2+ induced the lipase activity, while Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions lowered the activity compared to control. These results suggests that the leaf litter fungus L. trifolii serves as a potential source for the production of alkali-tolerant and thermostable lipase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mondem Vasundhara
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | - Kirti Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | - Trichur S Suryanarayanan
- Vivekananda Institute of Tropical Mycology (VINSTROM), Ramakrishna Mission Vidyapith, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600004, India
| | - Mondem Sudhakara Reddy
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India.
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Jaufer AM, Bouhadana A, Fanucci GE. Hydrophobic Clusters Regulate Surface Hydration Dynamics of Bacillus subtilis Lipase A. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:3919-3928. [PMID: 38628066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The surface hydration diffusivity of Bacillus subtilis Lipase A (BSLA) has been characterized by low-field Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization (ODNP) relaxometry using a series of spin-labeled constructs. Sites for spin-label incorporation were previously designed via an atomistic computational approach that screened for surface exposure, reflective of the surface hydration comparable to other proteins studied by this method, as well as minimal impact on protein function, dynamics, and structure of BSLA by excluding any surface site that participated in greater than 30% occupancy of a hydrogen bonding network within BSLA. Experimental ODNP relaxometry coupling factor results verify the overall surface hydration behavior for these BSLA spin-labeled sites similar to other globular proteins. Here, by plotting the ODNP parameters of relative diffusive water versus the relative bound water, we introduce an effective "phase-space" analysis, which provides a facile visual comparison of the ODNP parameters of various biomolecular systems studied to date. We find notable differences when comparing BSLA to other systems, as well as when comparing different clusters on the surface of BSLA. Specifically, we find a grouping of sites that correspond to the spin-label surface location within the two main hydrophobic core clusters of the branched aliphatic amino acids isoleucine, leucine, and valine cores observed in the BSLA crystal structure. The results imply that hydrophobic clustering may dictate local surface hydration properties, perhaps through modulation of protein conformations and samplings of the unfolded states, providing insights into how the dynamics of the hydration shell is coupled to protein motion and fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan M Jaufer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Adam Bouhadana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Gail E Fanucci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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Spalletta A, Joly N, Martin P. Latest Trends in Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Ester Carbohydrate Surfactants: From Key Parameters to Opportunities and Future Development. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3727. [PMID: 38612540 PMCID: PMC11012184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate-based surfactants are amphiphilic compounds containing hydrophilic moieties linked to hydrophobic aglycones. More specifically, carbohydrate esters are biosourced and biocompatible surfactants derived from inexpensive renewable raw materials (sugars and fatty acids). Their unique properties allow them to be used in various areas, such as the cosmetic, food, and medicine industries. These multi-applications have created a worldwide market for biobased surfactants and consequently expectations for their production. Biobased surfactants can be obtained from various processes, such as chemical synthesis or microorganism culture and surfactant purification. In accordance with the need for more sustainable and greener processes, the synthesis of these molecules by enzymatic pathways is an opportunity. This work presents a state-of-the-art lipase action mode, with a focus on the active sites of these proteins, and then on four essential parameters for optimizing the reaction: type of lipase, reaction medium, temperature, and ratio of substrates. Finally, this review discusses the latest trends and recent developments, showing the unlimited potential for optimization of such enzymatic syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Joly
- Unité Transformations & Agroressources, ULR7519, Université d’Artois-UniLaSalle, F-62408 Béthune, France; (A.S.); (P.M.)
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Eskandari A, Leow TC, Rahman MBA, Oslan SN. Recent insight into the advances and prospects of microbial lipases and their potential applications in industry. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00498-7. [PMID: 38489100 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Enzymes play a crucial role in various industrial sectors. These biocatalysts not only ensure sustainability and safety but also enhance process efficiency through their unique specificity. Lipases possess versatility as biocatalysts and find utilization in diverse bioconversion reactions. Presently, microbial lipases are gaining significant focus owing to the rapid progress in enzyme technology and their widespread implementation in multiple industrial procedures. This updated review presents new knowledge about various origins of microbial lipases, such as fungi, bacteria, and yeast. It highlights both the traditional and modern purification methods, including precipitation and chromatographic separation, the immunopurification technique, the reversed micellar system, the aqueous two-phase system (ATPS), and aqueous two-phase flotation (ATPF), moreover, delves into the diverse applications of microbial lipases across several industries, such as food, vitamin esters, textile, detergent, biodiesel, and bioremediation. Furthermore, the present research unveils the obstacles encountered in employing lipase, the patterns observed in lipase engineering, and the application of CRISPR/Cas genome editing technology for altering the genes responsible for lipase production. Additionally, the immobilization of microorganisms' lipases onto various carriers also contributes to enhancing the effectiveness and efficiencies of lipases in terms of their catalytic activities. This is achieved by boosting their resilience to heat and ionic conditions (such as inorganic solvents, high-level pH, and temperature). The process also facilitates the ease of recycling them and enables a more concentrated deposition of the enzyme onto the supporting material. Consequently, these characteristics have demonstrated their suitability for application as biocatalysts in diverse industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Eskandari
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thean Chor Leow
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Siti Nurbaya Oslan
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Enzyme Technology and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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7
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Huang J, Xie X, Zheng W, Xu L, Yan J, Wu Y, Yang M, Yan Y. In silico design of multipoint mutants for enhanced performance of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase for efficient biodiesel production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:33. [PMID: 38402206 PMCID: PMC10894483 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biodiesel, an emerging sustainable and renewable clean energy, has garnered considerable attention as an alternative to fossil fuels. Although lipases are promising catalysts for biodiesel production, their efficiency in industrial-scale application still requires improvement. RESULTS In this study, a novel strategy for multi-site mutagenesis in the binding pocket was developed via FuncLib (for mutant enzyme design) and Rosetta Cartesian_ddg (for free energy calculation) to improve the reaction rate and yield of lipase-catalyzed biodiesel production. Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TLL) with high activity and thermostability was obtained using the Pichia pastoris expression system. The specific activities of the mutants M11 and M21 (each with 5 and 4 mutations) were 1.50- and 3.10-fold higher, respectively, than those of the wild-type (wt-TLL). Their corresponding melting temperature profiles increased by 10.53 and 6.01 °C, [Formula: see text] (the temperature at which the activity is reduced to 50% after 15 min incubation) increased from 60.88 to 68.46 °C and 66.30 °C, and the optimum temperatures shifted from 45 to 50 °C. After incubation in 60% methanol for 1 h, the mutants M11 and M21 retained more than 60% activity, and 45% higher activity than that of wt-TLL. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the increase in thermostability could be explained by reduced atomic fluctuation, and the improved catalytic properties were attributed to a reduced binding free energy and newly formed hydrophobic interaction. Yields of biodiesel production catalyzed by mutants M11 and M21 for 48 h at an elevated temperature (50 °C) were 94.03% and 98.56%, respectively, markedly higher than that of the wt-TLL (88.56%) at its optimal temperature (45 °C) by transesterification of soybean oil. CONCLUSIONS An integrating strategy was first adopted to realize the co-evolution of catalytic efficiency and thermostability of lipase. Two promising mutants M11 and M21 with excellent properties exhibited great potential for practical applications for in biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsha Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoman Xie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanlin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinyong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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Brown M, Badzinski TD, Pardoe E, Ehlebracht M, Maurer-Jones MA. UV Light Degradation of Polylactic Acid Kickstarts Enzymatic Hydrolysis. ACS MATERIALS AU 2024; 4:92-98. [PMID: 38221918 PMCID: PMC10786133 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.3c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) and bioplastics alike have a designed degradability to avoid the environmental buildup that petroplastics have created. Yet, this designed biotic-degradation has typically been characterized in ideal conditions. This study seeks to relate the abiotic to the biotic degradation of PLA to accurately represent the degradation pathways bioplastics will encounter, supposing their improper disposal in the environment. Enzymatic hydrolysis was used to study the biodegradation of PLA with varying stages of photoaging. Utilizing a fluorescent tag to follow enzyme hydrolysis, it was determined that increasing the amount of irradiation yielded greater amounts of total enzymatic hydrolysis by proteinase K after 8 h of enzyme incubation. While photoaging of the polymers causes minimal changes in chemistry and increasing amounts of crystallinity, the trends in biotic degradation appear to primarily be driven by photoinduced reduction in molecular weight. The relationship between photoaging and enzyme hydrolysis appears to be independent of enzyme type, though commercial product degradation may be impacted by the presence of additives. Overall, this work reveals the importance of characterizing biodegradation with relevant samples that ultimately can inform optimization of production and disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret
H. Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1038 University Dr, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Thomas D. Badzinski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1038 University Dr, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Elizabeth Pardoe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1038 University Dr, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Molly Ehlebracht
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1038 University Dr, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Melissa A. Maurer-Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1038 University Dr, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
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Kanprakobkit W, Wichai U, Bunyapraphatsara N, Kielar F. Isolation of Fatty Acids from the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Capsaicinoids and Their Use in Enzymatic Acidolysis of Coconut Oil. J Oleo Sci 2023; 72:1097-1111. [PMID: 37989304 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess23112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis of a mixture of capsaicinoids, capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin obtained from chili peppers, and the utilization of the isolated fatty acids for the modification of coconut oil using enzyme catalyzed acidolysis. This work was carried out as the fatty acids that can be isolated from capsaicinoid hydrolysis have been shown to possess interesting biological properties. These biological properties could be better exploited by incorporating the fatty acids into a suitable delivery vehicle. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the mixture of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin was carried out using Novozym® 435 in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) at 50℃. The enzyme catalyst could be reused in multiple cycles of the hydrolysis reaction. The desired 8-methyl-6-trans-nonenoic acid and 8-methylnonanoic acid were isolated from the hydrolysis reaction mixture using a simple extraction procedure with a 47.8% yield. This was carried out by first extracting the reaction mixture at pH 10 with ethyl acetate to remove any dissolved capsaicinoids and vanillyl amine side product. The fatty acids were isolated after adjustment of the pH of the reaction mixture to 5 and second extraction with ethyl acetate. The acidolysis of coconut oil with the obtained fatty acids was performed using Lipozyme® TL IM. The performance of the acidolysis reaction was evaluated using 1H-NMR spectroscopy and verified in selected cases using gas chromatography. The best performing conditions involved carrying out the acidolysis reaction at 60℃ with a 1.2 w/w ratio of the fatty acids to coconut oil and 10% enzyme loading for 72 h. This resulted in the incorporation of 26.61% and 9.86% of 8-methyl-6-trans-nonenoic acid and 8-methylnonanoic acid, respectively, into the modified coconut oil product. This product can act as a potential delivery vehicle for these interesting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winranath Kanprakobkit
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University
| | - Uthai Wichai
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University
| | | | - Filip Kielar
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University
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Pedro KCNR, da Silva JVV, Cipolatti EP, Manoel EA, Campisano ISP, Henriques CA, Langone MAP. Adsorption of lipases on porous silica-based materials for esterification in a solvent-free system. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:380. [PMID: 37900269 PMCID: PMC10600090 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03801-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This study deals with lipase immobilization on micro- and mesoporous silica-based materials. The effects of the type of support (silica MCM-41, zeolite HZSM-5 (SAR 25), zeolite HZSM-5 (SAR 280), and the silica-aluminas Siral 10, Siral 20, and Siral 40) were investigated on the immobilization of lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) and lipase from Rhizomucor miehei (RML). The supports that allowed the highest immobilization efficiencies for the CALB were Siral 40 (91.4%), HZSM-5 (SAR 280) (90.6%), and MCM-41 (89.4%). Siral 20 allowed the highest immobilization efficiency for RML (97.6%), followed by HZSM-5 (SAR 25) (77.1%) and HZSM-5 (SAR 280) (62.7%). The effect of protein concentration on lipase immobilization was investigated, and the results adjusted well on the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 > 0.9). The maximum protein adsorption capacity of the support determined by the Langmuir model was equal to 10.64 and 20.97 mgprotein gsupport-1 for CALB and RML, respectively. The effects of pH (pH 7.0 and pH 11.0) and phosphate buffer solution concentration (5 and 100 mmol L-1) were also investigated on lipase immobilization. The immobilization efficiency for both lipases was similar for the different pH values. The use of 100 mmol L-1 phosphate buffer decreased the lipase immobilization efficiency. The biocatalysts (CALB-Siral 40 and RML-Siral 20) were tested in the ethyl oleate synthesis. The conversion of 61.7% was obtained at 60 °C in the reaction catalyzed by CALB-Siral 40. Both heterogeneous biocatalysts showed increased thermal stability compared with their free form. Finally, the reuse of the biocatalysts was studied. CALB-Siral 40 and RML-Siral 20 maintained about 30% of the initial conversion after 3 batches of ethyl oleate synthesis. Silica-aluminas (Siral 20 and 40) proved to be a support that allowed a high efficiency of immobilization of lipases and activity for esterification reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C N R Pedro
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brasil
| | - João V V da Silva
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brasil
| | - Eliane P Cipolatti
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, Km 07- Zona Rural, 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ Brasil
| | - Evelin A Manoel
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), 21941-170 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brasil
| | - Ivone S P Campisano
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brasil
| | - Cristiane A Henriques
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brasil
| | - Marta A P Langone
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brasil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Senador Furtado, 121, 20260-100 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brasil
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