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Xu C, Shao J. High-throughput omics technologies in inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 555:117828. [PMID: 38355001 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing intestinal disease. Elucidation of the pathogenic mechanisms of IBD requires high-throughput technologies (HTTs) to effectively obtain and analyze large amounts of data. Recently, HTTs have been widely used in IBD, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, microbiomics, metabolomics and single-cell sequencing. When combined with endoscopy, the application of these technologies can provide an in-depth understanding on the alterations of intestinal microbe diversity and abundance, the abnormalities of signaling pathway-mediated immune responses and functionality, and the evaluation of therapeutic effects, improving the accuracy of early diagnosis and treatment of IBD. This review comprehensively summarizes the development and advancement of HTTs, and also highlights the challenges and future directions of these technologies in IBD research. Although HTTs have made striking breakthrough in IBD, more standardized methods and large-scale dataset processing are still needed to achieve the goal of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- Laboratory of Anti-infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Zhijing Building, 350 Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei 230012, Anhui, PR China
| | - Jing Shao
- Laboratory of Anti-infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Zhijing Building, 350 Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei 230012, Anhui, PR China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Zhijing Building, 350 Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei 230012, Anhui, PR China.
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Kolliari-Turner A, Lima G, Wang G, Malinsky FR, Karanikolou A, Eichhorn G, Tanisawa K, Ospina-Betancurt J, Hamilton B, Kumi PY, Shurlock J, Skiadas V, Twycross-Lewis R, Kilduff L, Martin RP, Ash GI, Potter C, Guppy FM, Seto JT, Fossati C, Pigozzi F, Borrione P, Pitsiladis Y. An observational human study investigating the effect of anabolic androgenic steroid use on the transcriptome of skeletal muscle and whole blood using RNA-Seq. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:94. [PMID: 37138349 PMCID: PMC10157927 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01512-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS) are largely illustrated through Androgen Receptor induced gene transcription, yet RNA-Seq has yet to be conducted on human whole blood and skeletal muscle. Investigating the transcriptional signature of AAS in blood may aid AAS detection and in muscle further understanding of AAS induced hypertrophy. METHODS Males aged 20-42 were recruited and sampled once: sedentary controls (C), resistance trained lifters (RT) and resistance trained current AAS users (RT-AS) who ceased exposure ≤ 2 or ≥ 10 weeks prior to sampling. RT-AS were sampled twice as Returning Participants (RP) if AAS usage ceased for ≥ 18 weeks. RNA was extracted from whole blood and trapezius muscle samples. RNA libraries were sequenced twice, for validation purposes, on the DNBSEQ-G400RS with either standard or CoolMPS PE100 reagents following MGI protocols. Genes were considered differentially expressed with FDR < 0.05 and a 1.2- fold change. RESULTS Cross-comparison of both standard reagent whole blood (N = 55: C = 7, RT = 20, RT-AS ≤ 2 = 14, RT-AS ≥ 10 = 10, RP = 4; N = 46: C = 6, RT = 17, RT-AS ≤ 2 = 12, RT-AS ≥ 10 = 8, RP = 3) sequencing datasets, showed that no genes or gene sets/pathways were differentially expressed between time points for RP or between group comparisons of RT-AS ≤ 2 vs. C, RT, or RT-AS ≥ 10. Cross-comparison of both muscle (N = 51, C = 5, RT = 17, RT-AS ≤ 2 = 15, RT-AS ≥ 10 = 11, RP = 3) sequencing (one standard & one CoolMPS reagent) datasets, showed one gene, CHRDL1, which has atrophying potential, was upregulated in RP visit two. In both muscle sequencing datasets, nine differentially expressed genes, overlapped with RT-AS ≤ 2 vs. RT and RT-AS ≤ 2 vs. C, but were not differentially expressed with RT vs. C, possibly suggesting they are from acute doping alone. No genes seemed to be differentially expressed in muscle after the long-term cessation of AAS, whereas a previous study found long term proteomic changes. CONCLUSION A whole blood transcriptional signature of AAS doping was not identified. However, RNA-Seq of muscle has identified numerous differentially expressed genes with known impacts on hypertrophic processes that may further our understanding on AAS induced hypertrophy. Differences in training regimens in participant groupings may have influenced results. Future studies should focus on longitudinal sampling pre, during and post-AAS exposure to better control for confounding variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kolliari-Turner
- School of Sport and Heath Sciences, University of Brighton Welkin House, 30 Carlisle Road, Eastbourne, BN20 7SN UK
- Centre for Stress and Age-Related Disease, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Giscard Lima
- School of Sport and Heath Sciences, University of Brighton Welkin House, 30 Carlisle Road, Eastbourne, BN20 7SN UK
- Muscle Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC Australia
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Guan Wang
- School of Sport and Heath Sciences, University of Brighton Welkin House, 30 Carlisle Road, Eastbourne, BN20 7SN UK
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Fernanda Rossell Malinsky
- School of Sport and Heath Sciences, University of Brighton Welkin House, 30 Carlisle Road, Eastbourne, BN20 7SN UK
| | - Antonia Karanikolou
- School of Sport and Heath Sciences, University of Brighton Welkin House, 30 Carlisle Road, Eastbourne, BN20 7SN UK
| | - Gregor Eichhorn
- School of Sport and Heath Sciences, University of Brighton Welkin House, 30 Carlisle Road, Eastbourne, BN20 7SN UK
- Environmental Extremes Laboratory, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
| | - Kumpei Tanisawa
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | | | - Blair Hamilton
- School of Sport and Heath Sciences, University of Brighton Welkin House, 30 Carlisle Road, Eastbourne, BN20 7SN UK
- Centre for Stress and Age-Related Disease, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
- The Gender Identity Clinic, Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Paulette Y.O. Kumi
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Vasileios Skiadas
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Richard Twycross-Lewis
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- St Mary’s University, Twickenham, London, UK
| | - Liam Kilduff
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise, and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales
| | - Renan Paulo Martin
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Garrett I. Ash
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT USA
- Center for Medical Informatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | | | - Fergus M. Guppy
- Centre for Stress and Age-Related Disease, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
- Institute for Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jane T. Seto
- Muscle Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Chiara Fossati
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Pigozzi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Borrione
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Yannis Pitsiladis
- School of Sport and Heath Sciences, University of Brighton Welkin House, 30 Carlisle Road, Eastbourne, BN20 7SN UK
- Centre for Stress and Age-Related Disease, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
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Thevis M, Kuuranne T, Geyer H. Annual banned-substance review-Analytical approaches in human sports drug testing 2021/2022. Drug Test Anal 2023; 15:5-26. [PMID: 36369629 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Also in 2021/2022, considerable efforts were invested into advancing human sports drug testing programs, recognizing and taking into account existing as well as emerging challenges in anti-doping, especially with regard to substances and methods of doping specified in the World Anti-Doping Agency's 2022 Prohibited List. In this edition of the annual banned-substance review, literature on recent developments published between October 2021 and September 2022 is summarized and discussed. Focus is put particularly on enhanced analytical approaches and complementary testing options in human doping controls, appreciating the exigence and mission in anti-doping and, equally, the contemporary "new normal" considering, for example, the athlete's exposome versus analytical sensitivity and applicable anti-doping regulations for result interpretation and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Thevis
- Center for Preventive Doping Research-Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,European Monitoring Center for Emerging Doping Agents, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tiia Kuuranne
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Genève and Lausanne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Hans Geyer
- Center for Preventive Doping Research-Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,European Monitoring Center for Emerging Doping Agents, Cologne, Germany
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Donati F, de la Torre X, Pagliarosi S, Pirri D, Prevete G, Botrè F. Detection of Homologous Blood Transfusion in Sport Doping by Flow Cytofluorimetry: State of the Art and New Approaches to Reduce the Risk of False-Negative Results. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:808449. [PMID: 35224486 PMCID: PMC8866641 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.808449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents the results of a study aimed to give new suggestions and strategies for improving the implementation of the flow cytofluorimetry-based method for the detection of homologous blood transfusions in doping control. The method is based on the recognition of the phenotypic mismatch between minority blood group antigens possessed by the donor and the recipient. Two strategies have been followed to reduce the risk of false-negative results: (i) the monitoring of a broader range of erythrocytes surface antigens; and (ii) the application of different surface erythrocyte staining protocols, tailored on the different antigens and the type of antigenic mismatch that had to be detected (whether it is the donor or the recipient who expresses or not the antigen to be detected). Special attention has also been focused on the time factor, to avoid prolonged sample storage, since hemolysis may have a significant impact on the reliability and quality of the results. Our experimental evidence suggests that the risk of false-negative results can be minimized by (i) the expansion of the antigen panel, with the inclusion of four additional targets; (ii) a more accurate selection of the gating area of the red blood cells; (iii) the choice of a better fluorochrome (alexa fluor 488) to be conjugated to the secondary antibody; and (iv) the implementation of different staining protocols depending on the nature of the double population to be detected (donor expressing vs. recipient non-expressing and vice versa). The combination of the above approaches allowed a significant reduction of false-negative results, assessed on samples simulating a homologous blood transfusion between two compatible subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Donati
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesco Donati
| | - Xavier de la Torre
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Pirri
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliana Prevete
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Botrè
- Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Rome, Italy
- REDs–Research and Expertise in AntiDoping Sciences, Synathlon, Quartier Centre, ISSUL–Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Francesco Botrè
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