|
1
|
Song L, Gong Y, Wang E, Huang J, Li Y. Unraveling the tumor immune microenvironment of lung adenocarcinoma using single-cell RNA sequencing. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2024; 16:17588359231210274. [PMID: 38606165 PMCID: PMC11008351 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231210274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and its indications for lung cancer patient prognosis and therapeutic response have become new hotspots in cancer research in recent years. Tumor cells, immune cells, various regulatory factors, and their interactions in the TIME have been suggested to commonly influence lung cancer development and therapeutic outcome. The heterogeneity of TIME is composed of dynamic immune-related components, including various cancer cells, immune cells, cytokine/chemokine environments, cytotoxic activity, or immunosuppressive factors. The specific composition of cell subtypes may facilitate or hamper the response to immunotherapy and influence patient prognosis. Various markers have been found to stratify the patient prognosis or predict the therapeutic outcome. In this article, we systematically reviewed the recent advancement of TIME studies in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) techniques, with specific focuses on the roles of TIME in LUAD development, TIME heterogeneity, indications of TIME in patient prognosis and therapeutic response during immunotherapy and drug resistance. The main findings in TIME heterogeneity and relevant markers or models for prognosis stratification and response prediction have been summarized. We hope that this review provides an overview of TIME status in LUAD and an inspiration for future development of strategies and biomarkers in LUAD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lele Song
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Erpeng Wang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, P.R. China
| | - Jianchun Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University. No. 295, Xichang Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650032, P.R. China
| | - Yuemin Li
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital. No.8, Dongdajie, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Zheng P, Mao Z, Luo M, Zhou L, Wang L, Liu H, Liu W, Wei S. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of the solute carrier family and preliminary exploration of SLC25A29 in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:222. [PMID: 37775731 PMCID: PMC10543265 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the latest epidemiological investigation, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most fatal cancer among both men and women. Despite continuous advancements in treatment approaches in recent years, the prognosis for LUAD remains relatively poor. Given the crucial role of the solute carrier (SLC) family in maintaining cellular energy metabolism stability, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the association between SLC genes and LUAD prognosis. In the present study, we identified 71 genes among the SLC family members, of which 32 were downregulated and 39 were upregulated in LUAD samples. Based on these differentially expressed genes, a prognostic risk scoring model was established that was composed of five genes (SLC16A7, SLC16A4, SLC16A3, SLC12A8, and SLC25A15) and clinical characteristics; this model could effectively predict the survival and prognosis of patients in the cohort. Notably, SLC2A1, SLC25A29, and SLC27A4 were identified as key genes associated with survival and tumor stage. Further analysis revealed that SLC25A29 was underexpressed in LUAD tissue and regulated the phenotype of endothelial cells. Endothelial cell proliferation and migration increased and apoptosis decreased with a decrease in SLC25A29 expression. Investigation of the upstream regulatory mechanisms of SLC25A29 revealed that SLC25A29 expression gradually decreased as the lactate concentration increased. This phenomenon suggested that the expression of SLC25A29 may be related to lactylation modification. ChIP-qPCR experiments confirmed the critical regulatory role played by H3K14la and H3K18la modifications in the promoter region of SLC25A29. In conclusion, this study confirmed the role of SLC family genes in LUAD prognosis and revealed the role of SLC25A29 in regulating endothelial cell phenotypes. These study results provided important clues to further understand LUAD pathogenesis and develop appropriate therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengdou Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenyu Mao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Miao Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiguo Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shuang Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Kim Y, Hwang JY, Kim DK, Na K, Lee S, Baek S, Kang SS, Yang SM, Kim MH, Han H, Lee CY, Han YJ, Hong MH, Lee JB, Lim SM, Cho BC, Park Y, Pyo KH. Polo-like Kinase 4: A Multifaceted Marker Linking Tumor Aggressiveness and Unfavorable Prognosis, and Insights into Therapeutic Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4663. [PMID: 37760631 PMCID: PMC10526937 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study investigated whether polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) is a suitable therapeutic target or biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). (2) Methods: We acquired LUAD data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database through the UCSC Xena data portal. Gene expression, clinical, survival, and mutation data from multiple samples were analyzed. Gene enrichment analysis, unsupervised clustering of PLK4-related pathways, and differential gene expression analyses were performed. Additionally, correlations, t-tests, survival analyses, and statistical analyses were performed. (3) Results: PLK4 expression was higher in LUAD tissues than in normal tissues and was associated with poor prognosis for both overall and progression-free survival in LUAD. PLK4 was highly correlated with cell-proliferation-related pathways using Gene Ontology (GO) biological process terms. PLK4 expression and pathways that were highly correlated with PLK4 expression levels were upregulated in patients with LUAD with the TP53 mutation. (4) Conclusions: PLK4 expression affects the survival of patients with LUAD and is a potential therapeutic target for LUAD with TP53 mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youngtaek Kim
- Department of Research Support, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (J.Y.H.); (K.N.); (S.B.); (S.M.Y.); (M.H.K.); (H.H.); (C.Y.L.); (Y.J.H.)
| | - Joon Yeon Hwang
- Department of Research Support, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (J.Y.H.); (K.N.); (S.B.); (S.M.Y.); (M.H.K.); (H.H.); (C.Y.L.); (Y.J.H.)
| | - Dong Kwon Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institutse, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (D.K.K.); (S.L.)
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmin Na
- Department of Research Support, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (J.Y.H.); (K.N.); (S.B.); (S.M.Y.); (M.H.K.); (H.H.); (C.Y.L.); (Y.J.H.)
| | - Seul Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institutse, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (D.K.K.); (S.L.)
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujeong Baek
- Department of Research Support, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (J.Y.H.); (K.N.); (S.B.); (S.M.Y.); (M.H.K.); (H.H.); (C.Y.L.); (Y.J.H.)
| | - Seong-san Kang
- JEUK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co., Ltd., Gumi 39418, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seung Min Yang
- Department of Research Support, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (J.Y.H.); (K.N.); (S.B.); (S.M.Y.); (M.H.K.); (H.H.); (C.Y.L.); (Y.J.H.)
| | - Mi Hyun Kim
- Department of Research Support, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (J.Y.H.); (K.N.); (S.B.); (S.M.Y.); (M.H.K.); (H.H.); (C.Y.L.); (Y.J.H.)
| | - Heekyung Han
- Department of Research Support, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (J.Y.H.); (K.N.); (S.B.); (S.M.Y.); (M.H.K.); (H.H.); (C.Y.L.); (Y.J.H.)
| | - Chai Young Lee
- Department of Research Support, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (J.Y.H.); (K.N.); (S.B.); (S.M.Y.); (M.H.K.); (H.H.); (C.Y.L.); (Y.J.H.)
| | - Yu Jin Han
- Department of Research Support, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (J.Y.H.); (K.N.); (S.B.); (S.M.Y.); (M.H.K.); (H.H.); (C.Y.L.); (Y.J.H.)
| | - Min Hee Hong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (M.H.H.); (J.B.L.); (S.M.L.); (B.C.C.)
| | - Jii Bum Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (M.H.H.); (J.B.L.); (S.M.L.); (B.C.C.)
| | - Sun Min Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (M.H.H.); (J.B.L.); (S.M.L.); (B.C.C.)
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (M.H.H.); (J.B.L.); (S.M.L.); (B.C.C.)
- Yonsei New Il Han Institute for Integrative Lung Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoon Park
- Department of Research Support, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (J.Y.H.); (K.N.); (S.B.); (S.M.Y.); (M.H.K.); (H.H.); (C.Y.L.); (Y.J.H.)
- Yonsei New Il Han Institute for Integrative Lung Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Pyo
- Severance Biomedical Science Institutse, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (D.K.K.); (S.L.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea; (M.H.H.); (J.B.L.); (S.M.L.); (B.C.C.)
- Yonsei New Il Han Institute for Integrative Lung Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03186, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Neely AM, Yang M, Marconett CN. CLOCK'ing differences in DNA methylation signatures to understand the molecular etiology of lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2023; 12:1338-1341. [PMID: 37425400 PMCID: PMC10326774 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-23-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Neely
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Minxiao Yang
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Crystal N. Marconett
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Baran K, Kordiak J, Jabłoński S, Brzeziańska-Lasota E. Panel of miR-150 and linc00673, regulators of CCR6/CCL20 may serve as non-invasive diagnostic marker of non-small cell lung cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9642. [PMID: 37316552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36485-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The C-C motif ligand 20 (CCL20) is a chemokine that specifically binds to the chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6) and the CCL20/CCR6 axis has been implicated in the non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) development and progression. Its expression is regulated by mutual interactions of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). This goals of presented study was to evaluate the expression level of CCR6/CCL20 mRNA in NSCLC tissue comparative to selected ncRNAs: miR-150, linc00673. The expression level of the studied ncRNAs was also assessed in serum extracellular vesicles (EVs). Thirty patients (n = 30) were enrolled as the study cohort. Total RNA was isolated from tumor tissue, adjacent macroscopically unchanged tissue and serum EVs. The expression level of studied genes and ncRNAs were estimated based on the qPCR method. Higher expression level of CCL20 mRNA but lower expression level of CCR6 mRNA were observed in tumor in comparison to control tissue. Relative to the smoking status, higher CCL20 (p < 0.05) and CCR6 mRNA (p > 0.05) expression levels were observed in current smokers than in never smokers. In serum EVs the expression level of miR-150 has a negative correlation with AJCC tumor staging, whereas the expression level of linc00673 positively correlated (p > 0.05). The lower expression level of miR-150 and higher expression level of linc00673 in serum EVs were observed in NSCLC patients with lymph nodes metastases (p > 0.05). Regarding the histopathological type, significantly lower expression level of miR-150 and higher expression level of linc00673 were observed in the serum EVs of patients with AC compared to patient with SCC. Our findings revealed that smoking significantly changed the expression level of CCL20 mRNA in NSCLC tissue. Changes in expression levels of miR-150 and linc00673 in the serum EVs of NSCLC patients in relation to presence of lymph node metastases and the stage of cancer development may serve as a non-invasive molecular biomarkers of tumor progression. Furthermore, expression levels of miR-150 and linc00673 may serve as non-intrusive diagnostic biomarkers differentiating adenocarcinoma from squamous cell carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Baran
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Chair of Biology and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Jacek Kordiak
- Department of Thoracic, General and Oncological Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sławomir Jabłoński
- Department of Thoracic, General and Oncological Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Brzeziańska-Lasota
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Chair of Biology and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
|
6
|
Ruan Z, Chi D, Wang Q, Jiang J, Quan Q, Bei J, Peng R. Development and validation of a prognostic model and gene co-expression networks for breast carcinoma based on scRNA-seq and bulk-seq data. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1333. [PMID: 36660733 PMCID: PMC9843357 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-5684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Breast carcinoma is the most common malignancy among women worldwide. It is characterized by a complex tumor microenvironment (TME), in which there is an intricate combination of different types of cells, which can cause confusion when screening tumor-cell-related signatures or constructing a gene co-expression network. The recent emergence of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is an effective method for studying the changing omics of cells in complex TMEs. Methods The Dysregulated genes of malignant epithelial cells was screened by performing a comprehensive analysis of the public scRNA-seq data of 58 samples. Co-expression and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analysis were performed based on scRNA-seq data of malignant cells to illustrate the potential function of these dysregulated genes. Iterative LASSO-Cox was used to perform a second-round screening among these dysregulated genes for constructing risk group. Finally, a breast cancer prognosis prediction model was constructed based on risk grouping and other clinical characteristics. Results Our results indicated a transcriptional signature of 1,262 genes for malignant breast cancer epithelial cells. To estimate the function of these genes in breast cancer, we also constructed a co-expression network of these dysregulated genes at single-cell resolution, and further validated the results using more than 300 published transcriptomics datasets and 31 Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) screening datasets. Moreover, we developed a reliable predictive model based on the scRNA-seq and bulk-seq datasets. Conclusions Our findings provide insights into the transcriptomics and gene co-expression networks during breast carcinoma progression and suggest potential candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the treatment of breast carcinoma. Our results are available via a web app (https://prognosticpredictor.shinyapps.io/GCNBC/).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Ruan
- VIP Section Department, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Chi
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianyu Wang
- VIP Section Department, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Jiang
- VIP Section Department, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Quan
- VIP Section Department, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinxin Bei
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Roujun Peng
- VIP Section Department, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
7
|
Screening and Biological Function Analysis of miRNA and mRNA Related to Lung Adenocarcinoma Based on Bioinformatics Technology. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:4339391. [PMID: 36090902 PMCID: PMC9452934 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4339391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To screen the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and the differentially expressed gene mRNAs (DEGs) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) from the TCGA database and to explore the relationship between miRNAs and the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma and their biological functions. Methods. The RNA-seq and miRNA-seq data of lung adenocarcinoma samples were downloaded from the TCGA database for analysis, and the R program was used to screen for differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs. Then, the molecular functions, biological processes, cellular components, and signaling pathways involved in the occurrence and development of LUAD were analyzed using the functional accumulation analysis software of GSEA. The relationship between the integrated differentially expressed RNAs was analyzed by miRcode, TargetScan, and miRTarbase databases, and the miRNA-mRNA network was constructed. Result. A total of 516 differentially expressed miRNAs and 5464 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified in LUAD. The GSEA enrichment analysis showed that miRNAs and mRNAs were mainly enriched in extracellular structure organization, external encapsulating structure organization, extracellular matrix organization, and gated channel activity. They were mainly involved in neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction signaling pathway. Some miRNAs and mRNAs in clustering modules were found to be associated with the prognosis of LUAD. Four targeting networks consisting of 22 miRNAs and 531 mRNAs were constructed. Conclusion. The miRNA and mRNA related to the prognosis of LUAD were screened out, which provided a valuable preliminary basis for the follow-upin-depth clinical research and basic experimental research of LUAD.
Collapse
|