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Wenbo Z, Jianwei H, Hua L, Lei T, Guijuan C, Mengfei T. The potential of flavonoids in hepatic fibrosis: A comprehensive review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 133:155932. [PMID: 39146877 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic fibrosis is a pathophysiological process of extracellular matrix abnormal deposition induced by multiple pathogenic factors. Currently, there is still a lack of effective and non-toxic drugs for treating fibrosis in clinic. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds synthesized in plants and modern pharmacological studies confirmed flavonoids exhibit potent hepatoprotective effect. PURPOSE Summarize literature to elaborate the mechanism of HF and evaluate the potential of flavonoids in HF, aiming to provide a new perspective for future research. METHODS The literatures about hepatic fibrosis and flavonoids are collected via a series of scientific search engines including Google Scholar, Elsevier, PubMed, CNKI, WanFang, SciFinder and Web of Science database. The key words are "flavonoids", "hepatic fibrosis", "pharmacokinetic", "toxicity", "pathogenesis" "traditional Chinese medicine" and "mechanism" as well as combination application. RESULTS Phytochemical and pharmacological studies revealed that about 86 natural flavonoids extracted from Chinese herbal medicines possess significantly anti-fibrosis effect and the mechanisms maybe through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, inhibiting hepatic stellate cells activation and clearing activated hepatic stellate cells. CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes the flavonoids which are effective in HF and the mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. However, fewer studies are focused on the pharmacokinetics of flavonoids in HF model and most studies are limited to preclinical studies, therefore there is no reliable data from clinical trials for the development of new drugs. Further in-depth research related it can be conducted to improve the bioavailability of flavonoids and serve the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Wenbo
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huaian 223001, China.
| | - Han Jianwei
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Liu Hua
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention (Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital), Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Tang Lei
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huaian 223001, China
| | - Chen Guijuan
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huaian 223001, China
| | - Tian Mengfei
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huaian 223001, China
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Tee PYE, Krishnan T, Cheong XT, Maniam SAP, Looi CY, Ooi YY, Chua CLL, Fung SY, Chia AYY. A review on the cultivation, bioactive compounds, health-promoting factors and clinical trials of medicinal mushrooms Taiwanofungus camphoratus, Inonotus obliquus and Tropicoporus linteus. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2024; 11:7. [PMID: 38987829 PMCID: PMC11238383 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-024-00176-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Medicinal mushrooms, such as Taiwanofungus camphoratus, Inonotus obliquus, and Tropicoporus linteus, have been used in traditional medicine for therapeutic purposes and promotion of overall health in China and many East Asian countries for centuries. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated the large amounts of bioactive constituents (such as polysaccharides, triterpenoids, and phenolic compounds) available in these medicinal mushrooms and their potential therapeutic properties. Due to the rising demand for the health-promoting medicinal mushrooms, various cultivation methods have been explored to combat over-harvesting of the fungi. Evidence of the robust pharmacological properties, including their anticancer, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and antiviral activities, have been provided in various studies, where the health-benefiting properties of the medicinal fungi have been further proven through numerous clinical trials. In this review, the cultivation methods, available bioactive constituents, therapeutic properties, and potential uses of T. camphoratus, I. obliquus and T. linteus are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Yon Ern Tee
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thiiben Krishnan
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Xin Tian Cheong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Snechaa A P Maniam
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yin Yin Ooi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Caroline Lin Lin Chua
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shin-Yee Fung
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Building, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adeline Yoke Yin Chia
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Liu C, Li S, Zhang C, Jin CH. Recent Advances in Research on Active Compounds Against Hepatic Fibrosis. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2571-2628. [PMID: 37497688 DOI: 10.2174/0929867331666230727102016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Almost all chronic liver diseases cause fibrosis, which can lead to cirrhosis and eventually liver cancer. Liver fibrosis is now considered to be a reversible pathophysiological process and suppression of fibrosis is necessary to prevent liver cancer. At present, no specific drugs have been found that have hepatic anti-fibrotic activity. OBJECTIVE The research progress of anti-hepatic fibrosis compounds in recent ten years was reviewed to provide a reference for the design and development of anti-hepatic fibrosis drugs. METHODS According to the structure of the compounds, they are divided into monocyclic compounds, fused-heterocyclic compounds, and acyclic compounds. RESULTS In this article, the natural products and synthetic compounds with anti-fibrotic activity in recent ten years were reviewed, with emphasis on their pharmacological activity and structure-activity relationship (SAR). CONCLUSION Most of these compounds are natural active products and their derivatives, and there are few researches on synthetic compounds and SAR studies on natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Changhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Cheng-Hua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
- Interdisciplinary of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
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Chi C, Liang X, Cui T, Gao X, Liu R, Yin C. SKIL/SnoN attenuates TGF-β1/SMAD signaling-dependent collagen synthesis in hepatic fibrosis. BIOMOLECULES & BIOMEDICINE 2023; 23:1014-1025. [PMID: 37389959 PMCID: PMC10655871 DOI: 10.17305/bb.2023.9000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The ski-related novel gene (SnoN), encoded by the SKIL gene, has been shown to negatively regulated transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling pathway. However, the roles of SnoN in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and hepatic fibrosis (HF) are still unclear. To evaluate the role of SnoN in HF, we combined bulk RNA sequencing analysis and single-cell RNA sequencing analysis to analyse patients with HF. The role of SKIL/SnoN was verified using liver samples from rat model transfected HSC-T6 and LX-2 cell lines. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, PCR, and western blotting techniques were used to demonstrate the expression of SnoN and its regulatory effects on TGF-β1 signaling in fibrotic liver tissues and cells. Furthermore, we constructed competitive endogenous RNA regulatory network and potential drug network associated with the SnoN gene. We identified SKIL gene as a differentially expressed gene in hepatic fibrosis. SnoN protein was found to be widely expressed in the cytoplasm of normal hepatic tissues, whereas it was almost absent in HF tissues. In the rat group subjected to bile duct ligation (BDL), SnoN protein expression decreased, while TGF-β1, collagen III, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), and fibronectin levels increased. We observed the interaction of SnoN with p-SMAD2 and p-SMAD3 in the cytoplasm. Following SnoN overexpression, apoptosis of HSCs was promoted, and the expression of HF-associated proteins, including collagen I, collagen III, and TIMP-1, was reduced. Conversely, downregulation of SnoN inhibited HSC apoptosis, increased collagen III and TIMP-1 levels, and decreased matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) expression. In conclusion, SnoN expression is downregulated in fibrotic livers, and could attenuate TGF-β1/SMADs signaling-dependent de-repression of collagen synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chi
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Nursing, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Xifeng Liang
- School of Nursing, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
- School of Nursing, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Tianyu Cui
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Gao
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixia Liu
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
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Ma M, Wang X, Liu X, Han Y, Chu Y, Guan Y, Liu H. Engineered fibrotic liver-targeted truncated transforming growth factor β receptor type II variant for superior anti-liver fibrosis therapy. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:177-191. [PMID: 36905489 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Truncated transforming growth factor β receptor type II (tTβRII) is a promising anti-liver fibrotic candidate because it serves as a trap for binding excessive TGF-β1 by means of competing with wild type TβRII (wtTβRII). However, the widespread application of tTβRII for the treatment of liver fibrosis has been limited by its poor fibrotic liver-homing capacity. Herein, we designed a novel tTβRII variant Z-tTβRII by fusing the platelet-derived growth factor β receptor (PDGFβR)-specific affibody ZPDGFβR to the N-terminus of tTβRII. The target protein Z-tTβRII was produced using Escherichia coli expression system. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that Z-tTβRII has a superior specific fibrotic liver-targeting potential via the engagement of PDGFβR-overexpressing activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) in liver fibrosis. Moreover, Z-tTβRII significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion, and downregulated fibrosis- and TGF-β1/Smad pathway-related protein levels in TGF-β1-stimiluated HSC-T6 cells. Furthermore, Z-tTβRII remarkably ameliorated liver histopathology, mitigated the fibrosis responses and blocked TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in CCl4-induced liver fibrotic mice. More importantly, Z-tTβRII exhibits a higher fibrotic liver-targeting potential and stronger anti-fibrotic effects than either its parent tTβRII or former variant BiPPB-tTβRII (PDGFβR-binding peptide BiPPB modified tTβRII). In addition, Z-tTβRII shows no significant sign of potential side effects in other vital organs in liver fibrotic mice. Taken together, we conclude that Z-tTβRII with its a high fibrotic liver-homing potential, holds a superior anti-fibrotic activity in liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo, which may be a potential candidate for targeted therapy for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Ma
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory for Anti-fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory for Anti-fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Han
- The First Clinical College, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Chu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory for Anti-fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhong Guan
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory for Anti-fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, People's Republic of China.
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Li H, Dai J, Shi Y, Zhu X, Jia L, Yang Z. Molecular Regulatory Mechanism of the Iron-Ion-Promoted Asexual Sporulation of Antrodia cinnamomea in Submerged Fermentation Revealed by Comparative Transcriptomics. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020235. [PMID: 36836349 PMCID: PMC9959139 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Antrodia cinnamomea is a precious edible and medicinal fungus with activities of antitumor, antivirus, and immunoregulation. Fe2+ was found to promote the asexual sporulation of A. cinnamomea markedly, but the molecular regulatory mechanism of the effect is unclear. In the present study, comparative transcriptomics analysis using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) were conducted on A. cinnamomea mycelia cultured in the presence or absence of Fe2+ to reveal the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying iron-ion-promoted asexual sporulation. The obtained mechanism is as follows: A. cinnamomea acquires iron ions through reductive iron assimilation (RIA) and siderophore-mediated iron assimilation (SIA). In RIA, ferrous iron ions are directly transported into cells by the high-affinity protein complex formed by a ferroxidase (FetC) and an Fe transporter permease (FtrA). In SIA, siderophores are secreted externally to chelate the iron in the extracellular environment. Then, the chelates are transported into cells through the siderophore channels (Sit1/MirB) on the cell membrane and hydrolyzed by a hydrolase (EstB) in the cell to release iron ions. The O-methyltransferase TpcA and the regulatory protein URBS1 promote the synthesis of siderophores. HapX and SreA respond to and maintain the balance of the intercellular concentration of iron ions. Furthermore, HapX and SreA promote the expression of flbD and abaA, respectively. In addition, iron ions promote the expression of relevant genes in the cell wall integrity signaling pathway, thereby accelerating the cell wall synthesis and maturation of spores. This study contributes to the rational adjustment and control of the sporulation of A. cinnamomea and thereby improves the efficiency of the preparation of inoculum for submerged fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxiang Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianing Dai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yu Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Probiotics Preparation, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Luqiang Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhenquan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence:
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Lu CL, Lee BH, Ren YL, Ji D, Rao SQ, Li HX, Yang ZQ. Effects of exopolysaccharides from Antrodia cinnamomea on inflammation and intestinal microbiota disturbance induced by antibiotics in mice. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Li HX, Wang JJ, Lu CL, Gao YJ, Gao L, Yang ZQ. Review of Bioactivity, Isolation, and Identification of Active Compounds from Antrodia cinnamomea. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:494. [PMID: 36290462 PMCID: PMC9598228 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Antrodia cinnamomea is a precious and popular edible and medicinal mushroom. It has attracted increasing attention due to its various and excellent bioactivities, such as hepatoprotection, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, antitumor, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulation, and gut microbiota regulation properties. To elucidate its bioactivities and develop novel functional foods or medicines, numerous studies have focused on the isolation and identification of the bioactive compounds of A. cinnamomea. In this review, the recent advances in bioactivity, isolation, purification, and identification methods of active compounds from A. cinnamomea were summarized. The present work is beneficial to the further isolation and discovery of new active compounds from A. cinnamomea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Xiang Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Juan-Juan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chun-Lei Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ya-Jun Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lu Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhen-Quan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Li H, Ji D, Luo Z, Ren Y, Lu Z, Yang Z, Xu Z. Comparative Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Regulatory Mechanism of Nutrient Limitation-Induced Sporulation of Antrodia cinnamomea in Submerged Fermentation. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172715. [PMID: 36076898 PMCID: PMC9455894 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Antrodia cinnamomea is a precious edible and medicinal mushroom with various biological activities, such as hepatoprotection, antitumor, antivirus, immunoregulation, and intestinal flora regulation. However, the wild fruiting bodies of A. cinnamomea are scarce and expensive. Submerged fermentation based on spore inoculation has become the most efficient and popular artificial culture method for A. cinnamomea. In order to complement the mechanism of asexual sporulation of A. cinnamomea in submerged fermentation, and provide a theoretical basis to further improve the sporulation, comparative transcriptomics analysis using RNA-seq and RT-qPCR were conducted on A. cinnamomea mycelia cultured under different nutritional conditions to reveal the regulatory mechanism underlying the asexual sporulation induced by nutrient limitation. The obtained mechanism is as follows: under nitrogen starvation, the corresponding sensors transmit signals to genes, such as areA and tmpA, and promote their expression. Among these genes, AreA has a direct or indirect effect on flbD and promotes its expression, further enhancing the expression of brlA. Meanwhile, TmpA has a direct or indirect effect on brlA and promotes its expression; under carbon starvation, transport protein Rco-3, as a glucose sensor, directly or indirectly transmits signals to brlA and promotes its expression. BrlA promotes the expression of abaA gene, which further enhances the expression of wetA gene, and wetA then directly leads to asexual sporulation and promotes spore maturation; meanwhile, gulC can also promote cell autolysis, which provides energy and raw materials for sporulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxiang Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Dan Ji
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhishan Luo
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yilin Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214041, China
| | - Zhenming Lu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhenquan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.); (Z.X.)
| | - Zhenghong Xu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.); (Z.X.)
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Liu Z, Xu B, Ding Y, Ding X, Yang Z. Guizhi Fuling pill attenuates liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo via inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and activating IFN-γ/Smad7 signaling pathways. Bioengineered 2022; 13:9357-9368. [PMID: 35387552 PMCID: PMC9161976 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2054224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis resulting from chronic liver injuries (CLI) is a common health problem globally. Guizhi Fuling pill (GZFL), a modern preparation from traditional Chinese medicine, exhibited anti-dysmenorrhea, anti-inflammatory, and immune-regulative effects. However, the effect of GZFL on liver fibrosis remains unknown. In this research, LX-2 cells were stimulated with acetaldehyde for mimicking liver fibrosis progression in vitro. In addition, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced mouse model of liver fibrosis was established as well. The data revealed GZFL obviously suppressed the proliferation and triggered the apoptosis of acetaldehyde-stimulated LX-2 cells. In addition, GZFL prevented acetaldehyde-induced activation of LX-2 cells via downregulation of TGF-β1, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, CUGBP1, and upregulation of p-STAT1 and Smad7. Meanwhile, GZFL significantly alleviated CCl4‑induced liver fibrosis, as evidenced by the decrease of ALT and AST levels. Moreover, GZFL downregulated the expressions of TGF-β1, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, and CUGBP1 in CCl4-treated mice. Furthermore, GZFL remarkably elevated the levels of IFN-γ, p-STAT1, and Smad7 in CCl4-treated mice. To sum up, GZFL was able to inhibit liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo through suppressing TGF-β1/Smad2/3-CUGBP1 signaling and activating IFN-γ/STAT1/Smad7 signaling. Thus, GZFL might have a potential to act as a therapeutic agent for anti-fibrotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongliang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhoushan, P.R. China
| | - Baogui Xu
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Yaping Ding
- Department of Nutrition, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhoushan, P.R. China
| | - Xianjun Ding
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhoushan, P.R. China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhoushan Hospital, P.R. China
| | - Zuisu Yang
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
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