1
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Liang W, Zhou C, Deng Y, Fu L, Zhao J, Long H, Ming W, Shang J, Zeng B. The current status of various preclinical therapeutic approaches for tendon repair. Ann Med 2024; 56:2337871. [PMID: 38738394 PMCID: PMC11095292 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2337871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Tendons are fibroblastic structures that link muscle and bone. There are two kinds of tendon injuries, including acute and chronic. Each form of injury or deterioration can result in significant pain and loss of tendon function. The recovery of tendon damage is a complex and time-consuming recovery process. Depending on the anatomical location of the tendon tissue, the clinical outcomes are not the same. The healing of the wound process is divided into three stages that overlap: inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. Furthermore, the curing tendon has a high re-tear rate. Faced with the challenges, tendon injury management is still a clinical issue that must be resolved as soon as possible. Several newer directions and breakthroughs in tendon recovery have emerged in recent years. This article describes tendon injury and summarizes recent advances in tendon recovery, along with stem cell therapy, gene therapy, Platelet-rich plasma remedy, growth factors, drug treatment, and tissue engineering. Despite the recent fast-growing research in tendon recovery treatment, still, none of them translated to the clinical setting. This review provides a detailed overview of tendon injuries and potential preclinical approaches for treating tendon injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Guanghua Hospital, Zhoushan, China
| | - Yongjun Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Lifeng Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing City Keqiao District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaoxing, China
| | - Jiayi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Hengguo Long
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Wenyi Ming
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Jinxiang Shang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
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2
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Aggouras AN, Stowe EJ, Mlawer SJ, Connizzo BK. Aged Tendons Exhibit Altered Mechanisms of Strain-Dependent Extracellular Matrix Remodeling. J Biomech Eng 2024; 146:071009. [PMID: 38584416 PMCID: PMC11080950 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Aging is a primary risk factor for degenerative tendon injuries, yet the etiology and progression of this degeneration are poorly understood. While aged tendons have innate cellular differences that support a reduced ability to maintain mechanical tissue homeostasis, the response of aged tendons to altered levels of mechanical loading has not yet been studied. To address this question, we subjected young and aged murine flexor tendon explants to various levels of in vitro tensile strain. We first compared the effect of static and cyclic strain on matrix remodeling in young tendons, finding that cyclic strain is optimal for studying remodeling in vitro. We then investigated the remodeling response of young and aged tendon explants after 7 days of varied mechanical stimulus (stress deprivation, 1%, 3%, 5%, or 7% cyclic strain) via assessment of tissue composition, biosynthetic capacity, and degradation profiles. We hypothesized that aged tendons would show muted adaptive responses to changes in tensile strain and exhibit a shifted mechanical setpoint, at which the remodeling balance is optimal. Interestingly, we found that 1% cyclic strain best maintains native physiology while promoting extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover for both age groups. However, aged tendons display fewer strain-dependent changes, suggesting a reduced ability to adapt to altered levels of mechanical loading. This work has a significant impact on understanding the regulation of tissue homeostasis in aged tendons, which can inform clinical rehabilitation strategies for treating elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony N. Aggouras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02115
- Boston University
| | - Emma J. Stowe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Samuel J. Mlawer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02115
- Boston University
| | - Brianne K. Connizzo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02115
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3
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Kida M, Fatima I, Rozhkova E, Otero-Viñas M, Wu M, Kalin JH, Cole PA, Falanga V, Alani RM, Sharov AA. Inhibition of the CoREST Repressor Complex Promotes Wound Re-Epithelialization through the Regulation of Keratinocyte Migration. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:378-386.e2. [PMID: 37633457 PMCID: PMC10790709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex process involving phases of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. The regenerative process in the skin requires coordination between many regulators, including signaling molecules, transcription factors, and the epigenetic machinery. In this study, we show that chromatin regulators HDAC1 and LSD1, key components of the CoREST repressor complex, are upregulated in the regenerating epidermis during wound repair. We also show that corin, a synthetic dual inhibitor of the CoREST complex and HDAC1/LSD1 activities, significantly accelerates wound closure through enhanced re-epithelialization in a mouse tail wound model. Acetylated H3K9 (methylation of histone H3 at lysine 9) expression, a histone modification targeted by HDAC1, is increased in keratinocytes after topical treatment with 100 nM and 1 μM of corin. In vitro experiments demonstrate that corin promotes migration and inhibits the proliferation of human keratinocytes. Furthermore, expression levels of genes promoting keratinocyte migration, such as AREG, CD24, EPHB2, ITGAX, PTGS, SCT1, SERPINB2, SERPINE1, SLPI, SNAI2, and TWIST, increased in keratinocytes treated with corin. These data demonstrate that dual inhibition of class I histone deacetylases and LSD1 by corin may serve as a new approach for promoting wound re-epithelialization and provide a platform for further applications of corin for the treatment of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Kida
- Department of Dermatology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Iqra Fatima
- Department of Dermatology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elena Rozhkova
- Department of Dermatology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marta Otero-Viñas
- Department of Dermatology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; The Tissue Repair and Regeneration Laboratory (TR2Lab), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain
| | - Muzhou Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jay H Kalin
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philip A Cole
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vincent Falanga
- Department of Dermatology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rhoda M Alani
- Department of Dermatology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrey A Sharov
- Department of Dermatology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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4
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Aggouras AN, Stowe EJ, Mlawer SJ, Connizzo BK. Aged Tendons Exhibit Altered Mechanisms of Strain-Dependent Extracellular Matrix Remodeling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.26.577397. [PMID: 38352312 PMCID: PMC10862756 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.26.577397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Aging is a primary risk factor for degenerative tendon injuries, yet the etiology and progression of this degeneration is poorly understood. While aged tendons have innate cellular differences that support a reduced ability to maintain mechanical tissue homeostasis, the response of aged tendons to altered levels of mechanical loading has not yet been studied. To address this question, we subjected young and aged murine flexor tendon explants to various levels of in vitro tensile strain. We first compared the effect of static and cyclic strain on matrix remodeling in young tendons, finding that cyclic strain is optimal for studying remodeling in vitro. We then investigated the remodeling response of young and aged tendon explants after 7 days of varied mechanical stimulus (stress-deprivation, 1%, 3%, 5%, or 7% cyclic strain) via assessment of tissue composition, biosynthetic capacity, and degradation profiles. We hypothesized that aged tendons would show muted adaptive responses to changes in tensile strain and exhibit a shifted mechanical setpoint, at which the remodeling balance is optimal. Interestingly, we found 1% cyclic strain best maintains native physiology while promoting ECM turnover for both age groups. However, aged tendons display fewer strain-dependent changes, suggesting a reduced ability to adapt to altered levels of mechanical loading. This work has significant impact in understanding the regulation of tissue homeostasis in aged tendons, which can inform clinical rehabilitation strategies for treating elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony N. Aggouras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - Emma J. Stowe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - Samuel J. Mlawer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - Brianne K. Connizzo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
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5
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Chen L, Zhu S, Liu T, Zhao X, Xiang T, Hu X, Wu C, Lin D. Aberrant epithelial cell interaction promotes esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma development and progression. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:453. [PMID: 38097539 PMCID: PMC10721848 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01710-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and proliferation play important roles in epithelial cancer formation and progression, but what molecules and how they trigger EMT is largely unknown. Here we performed spatial transcriptomic and functional analyses on samples of multistage esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) from mice and humans to decipher these critical issues. By investigating spatiotemporal gene expression patterns and cell-cell interactions, we demonstrated that the aberrant epithelial cell interaction via EFNB1-EPHB4 triggers EMT and cell cycle mediated by downstream SRC/ERK/AKT signaling. The aberrant epithelial cell interaction occurs within the basal layer at early precancerous lesions, which expands to the whole epithelial layer and strengthens along the cancer development and progression. Functional analysis revealed that the aberrant EFNB1-EPHB4 interaction is caused by overexpressed ΔNP63 due to TP53 mutation, the culprit in human ESCC tumorigenesis. Our results shed new light on the role of TP53-TP63/ΔNP63-EFNB1-EPHB4 axis in EMT and cell proliferation in epithelial cancer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Chen
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shihao Zhu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tianyuan Liu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tao Xiang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- CAMS Oxford Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100006, China.
| | - Dongxin Lin
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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6
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Kwan KYC, Ng KWK, Rao Y, Zhu C, Qi S, Tuan RS, Ker DFE, Wang DM. Effect of Aging on Tendon Biology, Biomechanics and Implications for Treatment Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15183. [PMID: 37894875 PMCID: PMC10607611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon aging is associated with an increasing prevalence of tendon injuries and/or chronic tendon diseases, such as tendinopathy, which affects approximately 25% of the adult population. Aged tendons are often characterized by a reduction in the number and functionality of tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs), fragmented or disorganized collagen bundles, and an increased deposition of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), leading to pain, inflammation, and impaired mobility. Although the exact pathology is unknown, overuse and microtrauma from aging are thought to be major causative factors. Due to the hypovascular and hypocellular nature of the tendon microenvironment, healing of aged tendons and related injuries is difficult using current pain/inflammation and surgical management techniques. Therefore, there is a need for novel therapies, specifically cellular therapy such as cell rejuvenation, due to the decreased regenerative capacity during aging. To augment the therapeutic strategies for treating tendon-aging-associated diseases and injuries, a comprehensive understanding of tendon aging pathology is needed. This review summarizes age-related tendon changes, including cell behaviors, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, biomechanical properties and healing capacity. Additionally, the impact of conventional treatments (diet, exercise, and surgery) is discussed, and recent advanced strategies (cell rejuvenation) are highlighted to address aged tendon healing. This review underscores the molecular and cellular linkages between aged tendon biomechanical properties and the healing response, and provides an overview of current and novel strategies for treating aged tendons. Understanding the underlying rationale for future basic and translational studies of tendon aging is crucial to the development of advanced therapeutics for tendon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Yu Carissa Kwan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (K.Y.C.K.); (K.W.K.N.); (Y.R.); (C.Z.); (R.S.T.); (D.F.E.K.)
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka Wai Kerry Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (K.Y.C.K.); (K.W.K.N.); (Y.R.); (C.Z.); (R.S.T.); (D.F.E.K.)
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ying Rao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (K.Y.C.K.); (K.W.K.N.); (Y.R.); (C.Z.); (R.S.T.); (D.F.E.K.)
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chenxian Zhu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (K.Y.C.K.); (K.W.K.N.); (Y.R.); (C.Z.); (R.S.T.); (D.F.E.K.)
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shengcai Qi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China;
| | - Rocky S. Tuan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (K.Y.C.K.); (K.W.K.N.); (Y.R.); (C.Z.); (R.S.T.); (D.F.E.K.)
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dai Fei Elmer Ker
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (K.Y.C.K.); (K.W.K.N.); (Y.R.); (C.Z.); (R.S.T.); (D.F.E.K.)
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dan Michelle Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (K.Y.C.K.); (K.W.K.N.); (Y.R.); (C.Z.); (R.S.T.); (D.F.E.K.)
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Korcari A, Przybelski SJ, Gingery A, Loiselle AE. Impact of aging on tendon homeostasis, tendinopathy development, and impaired healing. Connect Tissue Res 2023; 64:1-13. [PMID: 35903886 PMCID: PMC9851966 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2022.2102004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a complex and progressive process where the tissues of the body demonstrate a decreased ability to maintain homeostasis. During aging, there are substantial cellular and molecular changes, with a subsequent increase in susceptibility to pathological degeneration of normal tissue function. In tendon, aging results in well characterized alterations in extracellular matrix (ECM) structure and composition. In addition, the cellular environment of aged tendons is altered, including a marked decrease in cell density and metabolic activity, as well as an increase in cellular senescence. Collectively, these degenerative changes make aging a key risk factor for the development of tendinopathies and can increase the frequency of tendon injuries. However, inconsistencies in the extent of age-related degenerative impairments in tendons have been reported, likely due to differences in how "old" and "young" age-groups have been defined, differences between anatomically distinct tendons, and differences between animal models that have been utilized to study the impact of aging on tendon homeostasis. In this review, we address these issues by summarizing data by well-defined age categories (young adults, middle-aged, and aged) and from anatomically distinct tendon types. We then summarize in detail how aging affects tendon mechanics, structure, composition, and the cellular environment based on current data and underscore what is currently not known. Finally, we discuss gaps in the current understanding of tendon aging and propose key avenues for future research that can shed light on the specific mechanisms of tendon pathogenesis due to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonion Korcari
- Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Anne Gingery
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alayna E Loiselle
- Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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8
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Wang H, Dai GC, Li YJ, Chen MH, Lu PP, Zhang YW, -Zhang M, Cao MM, Rui YF. Targeting Senescent Tendon Stem/Progenitor Cells to Prevent or Treat Age-Related Tendon Disorders. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 19:680-693. [PMID: 36520409 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10488-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Age-related tendon disorder, a primary motor system disease, is characterized by biological changes in the tendon tissue due to senescence and seriously affects the quality of life of the elderly. The pathogenesis of this disease is not well-understood. Tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) exhibit multi-differentiation capacity. These cells are important cellular components of the tendon because of their roles in tendon tissue homeostasis, remodeling, and repair. Previous studies revealed alterations in the biological characteristics and tenogenic differentiation potential of TSPCs in senescent tendon tissue, in turn contributing to insufficient differentiation of TSPCs into tenocytes. Poor tendon repair can result in age-related tendinopathies. Therefore, targeting of senescent TSPCs may restore the tenogenic differentiation potential of these cells and achieve homeostasis of the tendon tissue to prevent or treat age-related tendinopathy. In this review, we summarize the biological characteristics of TSPCs and histopathological changes in age-related tendinopathy, as well as the potential mechanisms through which TSPCs contribute to senescence. This information may promote further exploration of innovative treatment strategies to rescue TSPCs from senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Trauma Center, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Guang-Chun Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Trauma Center, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ying-Juan Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Trauma Center, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Min-Hao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Trauma Center, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Pan-Pan Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Trauma Center, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yuan-Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Trauma Center, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ming -Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Mu-Min Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Trauma Center, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yun-Feng Rui
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
- Trauma Center, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Ding Jia Qiao, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
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9
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Lee JK, Oh SJ, Gim JA, Shin OS. miR-10a, miR-30c, and miR-451a encapsulated in small extracellular vesicles are pro-senescence factors in human dermal fibroblasts. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2570-2579.e6. [PMID: 35483653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Although small extracellular vesicles (sEV) have been reported to play an important role in cellular senescence and aging, little is known about the potential role and function of microRNAs (miRNAs) contained within the sEV. To determine senescence-associated factors secreted from sEV of human dermal fibroblasts (HDF), we isolated and characterized sEV from non-senescent vs. senescent HDF. Small RNA sequencing analysis identified many enriched miRNAs in sEV of senescent HDF, as shown by the upregulation of miR-10a, miR-30c, and miR-451a, and downregulation of miR-128, miR-184, miR-200c, and miR-125a. Overexpression of miR-10a, miR-30c, and miR-451a induced an aging phenotype in HDF, whereas inhibition of these miRNAs reduced senescent-like phenotypes in senescent HDF. Moreover, treatment with sEV or sEV-containing conditioned medium promoted cellular senescence in HDF, whereas sEV depletion abrogated pro-senescence effects of the senescent HDF secretome. Interestingly, pro-senescence sEV miRNAs were found to have an essential role in regulating reactive oxygen species production and mitophagy activation. Taken together, our results revealed miR-10a, miR-30c, and miR-451a as pro-senescence factors that are differentially expressed in sEV of senescent HDF, demonstrating the essential role of sEV miRNAs in the biological processes of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kyung Lee
- BK21 Graduate program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Oh
- BK21 Graduate program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-An Gim
- Medical Science Research Center, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Sarah Shin
- BK21 Graduate program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea;.
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10
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Effects of aging on the histology and biochemistry of rat tendon healing. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:949. [PMID: 34781961 PMCID: PMC8594129 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04838-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tendon diseases and injuries are a serious problem for the aged population, often leading to pain, disability and a significant decline in quality of life. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of aging on biochemistry and histology during tendon healing and to provide a new strategy for improving tendon healing. METHOD A total of 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into a young and an aged group. A rat patellar tendon defect model was used in this study. Tendon samples were collected at weeks 2 and 4, and hematoxylin-eosin, alcian blue and immunofluorescence staining were performed for histological analysis. Meanwhile, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot were performed to evaluate the biochemical changes. RESULTS The histological scores in aged rats were significantly lower than those in young rats. At the protein level, collagen synthesis-related markers Col-3, Matrix metalloproteinase-1 and Metallopeptidase Inhibitor 1(TIMP-1) were decreased at week 4 in aged rats compared with those of young rats. Though there was a decrease in the expression of the chondrogenic marker aggrecan at the protein level in aged tendon, the Micro-CT results from weeks 4 samples showed no significant difference(p>0.05) on the ectopic ossification between groups. Moreover, we found more adipocytes accumulated in the aged tendon defect with the Oil Red O staining and at the gene and protein levels the markers related to adipogenic differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that tendon healing is impaired in aged rats and is characterized by a significantly lower histological score, decreased collagen synthesis and more adipocyte accumulation in patellar tendon after repair.
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11
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Li ZJ, Yang QQ, Zhou YL. Basic Research on Tendon Repair: Strategies, Evaluation, and Development. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:664909. [PMID: 34395467 PMCID: PMC8359775 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.664909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon is a fibro-elastic structure that links muscle and bone. Tendon injury can be divided into two types, chronic and acute. Each type of injury or degeneration can cause substantial pain and the loss of tendon function. The natural healing process of tendon injury is complex. According to the anatomical position of tendon tissue, the clinical results are different. The wound healing process includes three overlapping stages: wound healing, proliferation and tissue remodeling. Besides, the healing tendon also faces a high re-tear rate. Faced with the above difficulties, management of tendon injuries remains a clinical problem and needs to be solved urgently. In recent years, there are many new directions and advances in tendon healing. This review introduces tendon injury and sums up the development of tendon healing in recent years, including gene therapy, stem cell therapy, Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy, growth factor and drug therapy and tissue engineering. Although most of these therapies have not yet developed to mature clinical application stage, with the repeated verification by researchers and continuous optimization of curative effect, that day will not be too far away.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Jie Li
- Research for Frontier Medicine and Hand Surgery Research Center, The Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qian Qian Yang
- Research for Frontier Medicine and Hand Surgery Research Center, The Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - You Lang Zhou
- Research for Frontier Medicine and Hand Surgery Research Center, The Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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12
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Chen M, Xiao L, Dai G, Lu P, Zhang Y, Li Y, Ni M, Rui Y. Inhibition of JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway Alleviates Age-Related Phenotypes in Tendon Stem/Progenitor Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:650250. [PMID: 33855026 PMCID: PMC8039155 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.650250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diminished regeneration or healing capacity of tendon occurs during aging. It has been well demonstrated that tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) play a vital role in tendon maintenance and repair. Here, we identified an accumulation of senescent TSPCs in tendon tissue with aging. In aged TSPCs, the activity of JAK-STAT signaling pathway was increased. Besides, genetic knockdown of JAK2 or STAT3 significantly attenuated TSPC senescence in aged TSPCs. Pharmacological inhibition of JAK-STAT signaling pathway with AG490 similarly attenuated cellular senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) of aged TSPCs. In addition, inhibition of JAK-STAT signaling pathway also restored the age-related dysfunctions of TSPCs, including self-renewal, migration, actin dynamics, and stemness. Together, our findings reveal the critical role of JAK-STAT signaling pathway in the regulation of TSPC aging and suggest an ideal therapeutic target for the age-related tendon disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Longfei Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangchun Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Panpan Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanwei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingjuan Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Rui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Wei B, Lu J. Characterization of Tendon-Derived Stem Cells and Rescue Tendon Injury. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1534-1551. [PMID: 33651334 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The natural healing ability of tendon is limited, and it cannot restore the native structure and function of tendon injuries. Tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) are a new type of pluripotent stem cells with multi-directional differentiation potential and are expected to become a promising cell-seed for the treatment of tendon injuries in the future. In this review, we outline the latest advances in the culture and identification of TDSCs. In addition, the influencing factors on the differentiation of TDSCs are discussed. Moreover, we aim to discuss recent studies to enhance TDSCs treatment of injured tendons. Finally, we identify the limitations of the current understanding of TDSCs biology, the main challenges of using their use, and potential therapeutic strategies to inform cell-based tendon repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wei
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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14
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Siadat SM, Zamboulis DE, Thorpe CT, Ruberti JW, Connizzo BK. Tendon Extracellular Matrix Assembly, Maintenance and Dysregulation Throughout Life. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1348:45-103. [PMID: 34807415 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-80614-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In his Lissner Award medal lecture in 2000, Stephen Cowin asked the question: "How is a tissue built?" It is not a new question, but it remains as relevant today as it did when it was asked 20 years ago. In fact, research on the organization and development of tissue structure has been a primary focus of tendon and ligament research for over two centuries. The tendon extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical to overall tissue function; it gives the tissue its unique mechanical properties, exhibiting complex non-linear responses, viscoelasticity and flow mechanisms, excellent energy storage and fatigue resistance. This matrix also creates a unique microenvironment for resident cells, allowing cells to maintain their phenotype and translate mechanical and chemical signals into biological responses. Importantly, this architecture is constantly remodeled by local cell populations in response to changing biochemical (systemic and local disease or injury) and mechanical (exercise, disuse, and overuse) stimuli. Here, we review the current understanding of matrix remodeling throughout life, focusing on formation and assembly during the postnatal period, maintenance and homeostasis during adulthood, and changes to homeostasis in natural aging. We also discuss advances in model systems and novel tools for studying collagen and non-collagenous matrix remodeling throughout life, and finally conclude by identifying key questions that have yet to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danae E Zamboulis
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Chavaunne T Thorpe
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Jeffrey W Ruberti
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brianne K Connizzo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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15
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Migliorini F, Tingart M, Maffulli N. Progress with stem cell therapies for tendon tissue regeneration. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 20:1373-1379. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1786532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Migliorini
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Clinic Aachen, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Tingart
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Clinic Aachen, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University School of Medicine, Stoke on Trent, UK
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Mile End Hospital, London, UK
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16
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García-Ceca J, Montero-Herradón S, Zapata AG. Thymus aging in mice deficient in either EphB2 or EphB3, two master regulators of thymic epithelium development. Dev Dyn 2020; 249:1243-1258. [PMID: 32506584 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epithelial microenvironment is involved in thymus aging, but the possible role of EphB receptors that govern the thymic epithelium development has not been investigated. Herein, we study the changes undergone by the thymus of EphB-deficient mice throughout their life. RESULTS Immune alterations occurring throughout life were more severe in mutant than in wild-type (WT) mice. Mutant thymuses exhibit lower cellularity than WT ones, as well as lower proportions of early thymic progenitors cells and double-positive (CD4+ CD8+ ) thymocytes, but higher of double-negative (CD4- CD8- ) and single-positive (CD4+ CD8- , CD4- CD8+ ) cells. Throughout life, CD4+ naïve cells decreased particularly in mutant mice. In correlation, memory T cells, largely CD8+ cells, increased. Aged thymic epithelium undergoes changes including appearance of big epithelial free areas, decrease of K8+ K5- areas, which, however, contain higher proportions of Ly51+ UEA1- cortical epithelial cells, in correlation with reduced Aire+ medullary epithelial cells. Also, aged thymuses particularly those derived from mutant mice exhibited increased collagen IV, fat-storing cells, and connective cells. CONCLUSIONS The absence of EphB accelerates the alterations undergone throughout life by both thymic epithelium and thymocytes, and the proportions of peripheral naïve and memory T cells, all of which are hallmarks of immune aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier García-Ceca
- Department of Cell Biology; Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute, Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Montero-Herradón
- Department of Cell Biology; Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute, Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín G Zapata
- Department of Cell Biology; Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute, Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
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17
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Yan Z, Yin H, Brochhausen C, Pfeifer CG, Alt V, Docheva D. Aged Tendon Stem/Progenitor Cells Are Less Competent to Form 3D Tendon Organoids Due to Cell Autonomous and Matrix Production Deficits. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:406. [PMID: 32432103 PMCID: PMC7214752 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendons are dense connective tissues, which are critical for the integrity and function of our musculoskeletal system. During tendon aging and degeneration, tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) experience profound phenotypic changes with declined cellular functions that can be linked to the known increase in complications during tendon healing process in elderly patients. Tissue engineering is a promising approach for achieving a complete recovery of injured tendons. However, use of autologous cells from aged individuals would require restoring the cellular fitness prior to implantation. In this study, we applied an established cell sheet model for in vitro tenogenesis and compared the sheet formation of TSPC derived from young/healthy (Y-TSPCs) versus aged/degenerative (A-TSPCs) human Achilles tendon biopsies with the purpose to unravel differences in their potential to form self-assembled three-dimensional (3D) tendon organoids. Using our three-step protocol, 4 donors of Y-TSPCs and 9 donors of A-TSPCs were subjected to cell sheet formation and maturation in a period of 5 weeks. The sheets were then cross evaluated by weight and diameter measurements; quantification of cell density, proliferation, senescence and apoptosis; histomorphometry; gene expression of 48 target genes; and collagen type I protein production. The results revealed very obvious and significant phenotype in A-TSPC sheets characterized by being fragile and thin with poor tissue morphology, and significantly lower cell density and proliferation, but significantly higher levels of the senescence-related gene markers and apoptotic cells. Quantitative gene expression analyses at the mRNA and protein levels, also demonstrated abnormal molecular circuits in the A-TSPC sheets. Taken together, we report for the first time that A-TSPCs exhibit profound deficits in forming 3D tendon tissue organoids, thus making the cell sheet model suitable to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in tendon aging and degeneration, as well as examining novel pharmacologic strategies for rejuvenation of aged cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexing Yan
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Heyong Yin
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Christian G Pfeifer
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Volker Alt
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Denitsa Docheva
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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18
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Chen M, Li Y, Xiao L, Dai G, Lu P, Wang Y, Rui Y. AQP1 modulates tendon stem/progenitor cells senescence during tendon aging. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:193. [PMID: 32188840 PMCID: PMC7080760 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2386-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The link between tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) senescence and tendon aging has been well recognized. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of TSPCs senescence are still not fully understood. In present study, we investigated the role of Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) in TSPCs senescence. We showed that AQP1 expression declines with age during tendon aging. In aged TSPCs, overexpression of AQP1 significantly attenuated TSPCs senescence. In addition, AQP1 overexpression also restored the age-related dysfunction of self-renewal, migration and tenogenic differentiation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the JAK-STAT signaling pathway is activated in aged TSPCs, and AQP1 overexpression inhibited the JAK-STAT signaling pathway activation which indicated that AQP1 attenuates senescence and age-related dysfunction of TSPCs through the repression of JAK−STAT signaling pathway. Taken together, our findings demonstrated the critical role of AQP1 in the regulation of TSPCs senescence and provided a novel target for antagonizing tendon aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingjuan Li
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Longfei Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangchun Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Panpan Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Youhua Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yunfeng Rui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China. .,Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China. .,Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China. .,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
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19
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Lin D, Alberton P, Delgado Caceres M, Prein C, Clausen‐Schaumann H, Dong J, Aszodi A, Shukunami C, Iatridis JC, Docheva D. Loss of tenomodulin expression is a risk factor for age-related intervertebral disc degeneration. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13091. [PMID: 32083813 PMCID: PMC7059137 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is thought to be closely related to ingrowth of new blood vessels. However, the impact of anti-angiogenic factors in the maintenance of IVD avascularity remains unknown. Tenomodulin (Tnmd) is a tendon/ligament-specific marker and anti-angiogenic factor with abundant expression in the IVD. It is still unclear whether Tnmd contributes to the maintenance of IVD homeostasis, acting to inhibit vascular ingrowth into this normally avascular tissue. Herein, we investigated whether IVD degeneration could be induced spontaneously by the absence of Tnmd. Our results showed that Tnmd was expressed in an age-dependent manner primarily in the outer annulus fibrous (OAF) and it was downregulated at 6 months of age corresponding to the early IVD degeneration stage in mice. Tnmd knockout (Tnmd-/- ) mice exhibited more rapid progression of age-related IVD degeneration. These signs include smaller collagen fibril diameter, markedly lower compressive stiffness, reduced multiple IVD- and tendon/ligament-related gene expression, induced angiogenesis, and macrophage infiltration in OAF, as well as more hypertrophic-like chondrocytes in the nucleus pulposus. In addition, Tnmd and chondromodulin I (Chm1, the only homologous gene to Tnmd) double knockout (Tnmd-/- Chm1-/- ) mice displayed not only accelerated IVD degeneration, but also ectopic bone formation of IVD. Lastly, the absence of Tnmd in OAF-derived cells promoted p65 and matrix metalloproteinases upregulation, and increased migratory capacity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In sum, our data provide clear evidences that Tnmd acts as an angiogenic inhibitor in the IVD homeostasis and protects against age-related IVD degeneration. Targeting Tnmd may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for attenuating age-related IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasheng Lin
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative MedicineClinic for General, Trauma and Reconstructive SurgeryLudwig‐Maximilians‐University (LMU)MunichGermany
- Orthopaedic Center of People’s Liberation ArmyThe Affiliated Southeast Hospital of Xiamen UniversityZhangzhouChina
| | - Paolo Alberton
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative MedicineClinic for General, Trauma and Reconstructive SurgeryLudwig‐Maximilians‐University (LMU)MunichGermany
| | - Manuel Delgado Caceres
- Experimental Trauma SurgeryDepartment of Trauma SurgeryUniversity Regensburg Medical CentreRegensburgGermany
| | - Carina Prein
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CANTER)Munich University of Applied Sciences and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS)MunichGermany
| | - Hauke Clausen‐Schaumann
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CANTER)Munich University of Applied Sciences and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS)MunichGermany
| | - Jian Dong
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Attila Aszodi
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative MedicineClinic for General, Trauma and Reconstructive SurgeryLudwig‐Maximilians‐University (LMU)MunichGermany
| | - Chisa Shukunami
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryGraduate School of Biomedical & Health SciencesHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - James C Iatridis
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Denitsa Docheva
- Experimental Trauma SurgeryDepartment of Trauma SurgeryUniversity Regensburg Medical CentreRegensburgGermany
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20
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Yin H, Strunz F, Yan Z, Lu J, Brochhausen C, Kiderlen S, Clausen-Schaumann H, Wang X, Gomes ME, Alt V, Docheva D. Three-dimensional self-assembling nanofiber matrix rejuvenates aged/degenerative human tendon stem/progenitor cells. Biomaterials 2020; 236:119802. [PMID: 32014804 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The poor healing capacity of tendons is known to worsen in the elderly. During tendon aging and degeneration, endogenous human tendon stem/progenitor cells (hTSPCs) experience profound pathological changes. Here, we explored a rejuvenation strategy for hTSPCs derived from aged/degenerated Achilles tendons (A-TSPCs) by providing three-dimensional (3D) nanofiber hydrogels and comparing them to young/healthy TSPCs (Y-TSPCs). RADA peptide hydrogel has a self-assembling ability, forms a nanofibrous 3D niche and can be further functionalized by adding RGD motifs. Cell survival, apoptosis, and proliferation assays demonstrated that RADA and RADA/RGD hydrogels support A-TSPCs in a comparable manner to Y-TSPCs. Moreover, they rejuvenated A-TSPCs to a phenotype similar to that of Y-TSPCs, as evidenced by restored cell morphology and cytoskeletal architecture. Transmission electron, confocal laser scanning and atomic force microscopies demonstrated comparable ultrastructure, surface roughness and elastic modulus of A- and Y-TSPC-loaded hydrogels. Lastly, quantitative PCR revealed similar expression profiles, as well a significant upregulation of genes related to tenogenesis and multipotency. Taken together, the RADA-based hydrogels exert a rejuvenating effect by recapitulating in vitro specific features of the natural microenvironment of human TSPCs, which strongly indicates their potential to direct cell behaviour and overcome the challenge of cell aging and degeneration in tendon repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyong Yin
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany; Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Franziska Strunz
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Zexing Yan
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Jiaju Lu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | | | - Stefanie Kiderlen
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Munich, Germany; Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
| | - Hauke Clausen-Schaumann
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Munich, Germany; Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
| | - Xiumei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Manuela E Gomes
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Volker Alt
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Denitsa Docheva
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany.
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21
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Lui PPY, Wong CM. Biology of Tendon Stem Cells and Tendon in Aging. Front Genet 2020; 10:1338. [PMID: 32010194 PMCID: PMC6976534 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Both tendon injuries and tendinopathies, particularly rotator cuff tears, increase with tendon aging. Tendon stem cells play important roles in promoting tendon growth, maintenance, and repair. Aged tendons show a decline in regenerative potential coupled with a loss of stem cell function. Recent studies draw attention to aging primarily a disorder of stem cells. The micro-environment (“niche”) where stem cells resided in vivo provides signals that direct them to metabolize, self-renew, differentiate, or remain quiescent. These signals include receptors and secreted soluble factors for cell-cell communication, extracellular matrix, oxidative stress, and vascularity. Both intrinsic cellular deficits and aged niche, coupled with age-associated systemic changes of hormonal and metabolic signals can inhibit or alter the functions of tendon stem cells, resulting in reduced fitness of these primitive cells and hence more frequent injuries and poor outcomes of tendon repair. This review aims to summarize the biological changes of aged tendons. The biological changes of tendon stem cells in aging are reviewed after a systematic search of the PubMed. Relevant factors of stem cell aging including cell-intrinsic factors, changes of microenvironment, and age-associated systemic changes of hormonal and metabolic signals are examined, with findings related to tendon stem cells highlighted when literature is available. Future research directions on the aging mechanisms of tendon stem cells are discussed. Better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the functional decline of aged tendon stem cells would provide insight for the rational design of rejuvenating therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chi Ming Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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22
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CTGF Attenuates Tendon-Derived Stem/Progenitor Cell Aging. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:6257537. [PMID: 31827530 PMCID: PMC6881574 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6257537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aged tendon-derived stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) lead to age-related tendon disorders and impair tendon healing. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of TSPC aging remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in TSPC aging. CTGF protein and mRNA levels were markedly decreased in the aged TSPCs. Moreover, recombinant CTGF attenuates TSPC aging and restores the age-associated reduction of self-renewal and differentiation of TSPCs. In addition, cell cycle distribution of aged TSPCs was arrested in the G1/S phase while recombinant CTGF treatment promoted G1/S transition. Recombinant CTGF also rescued decreased levels of cyclin D1 and CDK4 and reduced p27kip1 expression in aged TSPCs. Our results demonstrated that CTGF plays a vital role in TSPC aging and might be a potential target for molecular therapy of age-related tendon disorders.
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23
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Dai GC, Li YJ, Chen MH, Lu PP, Rui YF. Tendon stem/progenitor cell ageing: Modulation and rejuvenation. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:677-692. [PMID: 31616543 PMCID: PMC6789185 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i9.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon ageing is a complicated process caused by multifaceted pathways and ageing plays a critical role in the occurrence and severity of tendon injury. The role of tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) in tendon maintenance and regeneration has received increasing attention in recent years. The decreased capacity of TSPCs in seniors contributes to impaired tendon functions and raises questions as to what extent these cells either affect, or cause ageing, and whether these age-related cellular alterations are caused by intrinsic factors or the cellular environment. In this review, recent discoveries concerning the biological characteristics of TSPCs and age-related changes in TSPCs, including the effects of cellular epigenetic alterations and the mechanisms involved in the ageing process, are analyzed. During the ageing process, TSPCs ageing might occur as a natural part of the tendon ageing, but could also result from decreased levels of growth factor, hormone deficits and changes in other related factors. Here, we discuss methods that might induce the rejuvenation of TSPC functions that are impaired during ageing, including moderate exercise, cell extracellular matrix condition, growth factors and hormones; these methods aim to rejuvenate the features of youthfulness with the ultimate goal of improving human health during ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Chun Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing210009, Jiangsu Province, China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying-Juan Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Min-Hao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing210009, Jiangsu Province, China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Pan-Pan Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing210009, Jiangsu Province, China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yun-Feng Rui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing210009, Jiangsu Province, China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
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24
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Grote C, Reinhardt D, Zhang M, Wang J. Regulatory mechanisms and clinical manifestations of musculoskeletal aging. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:1475-1488. [PMID: 30919498 PMCID: PMC9202363 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Aging is the strongest risk factor for degenerative bone and joint diseases. Clinical therapies for age-related musculoskeletal disorders face significant challenges as their pathogenic mechanisms remain largely unclear. This review article focuses on the recent advances in the understanding of regulatory mechanisms of musculoskeletal aging and their clinical relevance. We begin with the prevalence and socioeconomic impacts of major age-related musculoskeletal disorders such as sarcopenia, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and degenerative tendinopathy. The current understanding of responsible biological mechanisms involved in general aging is then summarized. Proposed molecular, cellular, and biomechanical mechanisms relevant to the clinical manifestations of aging in the musculoskeletal system are discussed in detail, with a focus on the disorders affecting muscle, bone, articular cartilage, and tendon. Although musculoskeletal aging processes share many common pathways with the aging of other body systems, unique molecular and cellular mechanisms may be involved in the aging processes of musculoskeletal tissues. Advancements in the understanding of regulatory mechanisms of musculoskeletal aging may promote the development of novel treatments for age-related musculoskeletal disorders. Finally, future research directions for major musculoskeletal tissues including functional interaction between the tissues and their clinical relevance to age-related musculoskeletal disorders are highlighted in the Future Prospects section. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1475-1488, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Grote
- Harrington Laboratory for Molecular Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Daniel Reinhardt
- Harrington Laboratory for Molecular Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Mingcai Zhang
- Harrington Laboratory for Molecular Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Jinxi Wang
- Harrington Laboratory for Molecular Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA,Correspondence to: Jinxi Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS #3017, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA, Tel: 913-588-0870; Fax: 913-945-7773,
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25
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Wang Y, He G, Tang H, Shi Y, Kang X, Lyu J, Zhu M, Zhou M, Yang M, Mu M, Chen W, Zhou B, Zhang J, Tang K. Aspirin inhibits inflammation and scar formation in the injury tendon healing through regulating JNK/STAT-3 signalling pathway. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12650. [PMID: 31225686 PMCID: PMC6668964 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVELY Tendinopathy is a common problem in sports medicine which can lead to severe morbidity. Aspirin, as the classical representative of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions, has been commonly used in treating tendinopathy. While its treatment effects on injury tendon healing are lacking, illuminating the underlying mechanism may provide scientific basis for clinical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, we used immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR to detect changes in CD14, CD206, iNOS, IL-6, IL-10, MMP-3, TIMP-3, Col-1a1, biglycan, Comp, Fibronectin, TGF-β1,ACAN,EGR-1 and FMOD. Next, Western blot was used to measure the protein levels (IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β1, COMP, TIMP-3, STAT-3/P-STAT-3 and JNK/P-JNK) in TSCs. Then, migration and proliferation of TSCs were measured through wound healing test and BrdU staining. Finally, the mechanical properties of injury tendon were detected. RESULTS After aspirin treatment, the inflammation and scar formation in injury tendon were significantly inhibited by aspirin. Still, tendon's ECM was positively balanced. Increasing migration and proliferation ability of TSCs induced by IL-1β were significantly reversed. JNK/STAT-3 signalling pathway participated in the process above. In addition, biomechanical properties of injury tendon were significantly improved. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the findings suggested that aspirin inhibited inflammation and scar formation via regulation of JNK/STAT-3 signalling and decreased rerupture risk of injury tendon. Aspirin could be an ideal therapeutic strategy in tendon injury healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjiao Wang
- Department of Orthopeadics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang He
- Department of Orthopeadics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Orthopeadics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Youxing Shi
- Department of Orthopeadics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Kang
- Department of Orthopeadics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingtong Lyu
- Department of Orthopeadics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Orthopeadics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Department of Orthopeadics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingyu Yang
- Department of Orthopeadics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Miduo Mu
- Department of Orthopeadics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wan Chen
- Department of Orthopeadics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Binghua Zhou
- Department of Orthopeadics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiqiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kanglai Tang
- Department of Orthopeadics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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26
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Changes in ephrin gene expression during bone healing identify a restricted repertoire of ephrins mediating fracture repair. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 151:43-55. [PMID: 30250975 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1712-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To identify the repertoire of ephrin genes that might regulate endochondral bone fracture repair, we examined changes in ephrin ligand and receptor (Eph) gene expression in fracture callus tissues during bone fracture healing. Ephrin and Eph proteins were then localized in the fracture callus tissues present when changes in gene expression were observed. Ephrin gene expression was widespread in fracture tissues, but the repertoire of ephrin genes with significant changes in expression that might suggest a regulatory role in fracture callus development was restricted to the ephrin A family members Epha4, Epha5 and the ephrin B family member Efnb1. After 3 weeks of healing, Epha4 fracture expression was downregulated from 1.3- to 0.8-fold and Epha5 fracture expression was upregulated from 1.2- to 1.5-fold of intact contralateral femur expression, respectively. Efnb1 expression was downregulated from 1.5- to 1.2-fold after 2 weeks post-fracture. These ephrin proteins were localized to fracture callus prehypertrophic chondrocytes and osteoblasts, as well as to the periosteum and fibrous tissues. The observed positive correlation between mRNA levels of EfnB1 with Col10 and Epha5 with Bglap, together with colocalized expression with their respective proteins, suggest that EfnB1 is a positive mediator of prehypertrophic chondrocyte development and that Epha5 contributes to osteoblast-mediated mineralization of fracture callus. In contrast, mRNA levels of Epha4 and Efnb1 correlated negatively with Bglap, thus suggesting a negative role for these two ephrin family members in mature osteoblast functions. Given the number of family members and widespread expression of the ephrins, a characterization of changes in ephrin gene expression provides a basis for identifying ephrin family members that might regulate the molecular pathways of bone fracture repair. This approach suggests that a highly restricted repertoire of ephrins, EfnB1 and EphA5, are the major mediators of fracture callus cartilage hypertrophy and ossification, respectively, and proposes candidates for additional functional study and eventual therapeutic application.
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27
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Xu H, Liu F. Downregulation of FOXP1 correlates with tendon stem/progenitor cells aging. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:96-102. [PMID: 30170733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aging is known as a major risk factor for tendon disorders whereas the molecular mechanisms of age-related tendon disorders still remains unclear. Since tendon-derived stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) play a vital role in tendon maintenance and healing, in this study we aimed to investigate the role of Forkhead box P1 (FOXP1) in aged TSPCs, we found that FOXP1 mRNA and protein levels were markedly decreased in the aged TSPCs. Moreover, overexpression of FOXP1 attenuates TSPCs aging, as confirmed by decreased of senescence-associated β-gal staining, as well as the senescence marker, p16INK4A. Conversely, FOXP1 depletion by siRNA promoted senescence in young TSPCs. Meanwhile, FOXP1 overexpression also restores the age-associated reduction of self-renewal, migration and differentiation of TSPCs. In addition, FOXP1 overexpression rescued decreased levels of E2F1, pRb and cyclin D1 in aged TSPCs, which suggested that FOXP1 regulates TSPCs aging through cellular senescence. These results indicate that FOXP1 plays a crucial role in TSPCs aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Schneider M, Angele P, Järvinen TA, Docheva D. Rescue plan for Achilles: Therapeutics steering the fate and functions of stem cells in tendon wound healing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:352-375. [PMID: 29278683 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increasing age of our society and a rise in engagement of young people in extreme and/or competitive sports, both tendinopathies and tendon ruptures present a clinical and financial challenge. Tendon has limited natural healing capacity and often responds poorly to treatments, hence it requires prolonged rehabilitation in most cases. Till today, none of the therapeutic options has provided successful long-term solutions, meaning that repaired tendons do not recover their complete strength and functionality. Our understanding of tendon biology and healing increases only slowly and the development of new treatment options is insufficient. In this review, following discussion on tendon structure, healing and the clinical relevance of tendon injury, we aim to elucidate the role of stem cells in tendon healing and discuss new possibilities to enhance stem cell treatment of injured tendon. To date, studies mainly apply stem cells, often in combination with scaffolds or growth factors, to surgically created tendon defects. Deeper understanding of how stem cells and vasculature in the healing tendon react to growth factors, common drugs used to treat injured tendons and promising cellular boosters could help to develop new and more efficient ways to manage tendon injuries.
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29
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Yin H, Yan Z, Bauer RJ, Peng J, Schieker M, Nerlich M, Docheva D. Functionalized thermosensitive hydrogel combined with tendon stem/progenitor cells as injectable cell delivery carrier for tendon tissue engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 13:034107. [PMID: 29417934 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aaadd1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thermosensitive hydrogels have been studied for potential application as promising alternative cell carriers in cell-based regenerative therapies. In this study, a thermosensitive butane diisocyanate (BDI)-collagen hydrogel (BC hydrogel) was designed as an injectable cell delivery carrier of tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) for tendon tissue engineering. We functionalized the BDI hydrogel with the addition of 20% (v/v) collagen I gel to obtain the thermosensitive BC hydrogel, which was then seeded with TSPCs derived from human Achilles tendons. The BC hydrogel compatibility and TSPC behavior and molecular response to the 3D hydrogel were investigated. Collagen (COL) I gel served as a control group. Our findings demonstrated that the BC hydrogel was thermosensitive, and hardened above 25 °C. It supported TSPC survival, proliferation, and metabolic activity with satisfactory dimension stability and biocompatibility, as revealed by gel contraction assay, live/dead staining, DNA quantification, and resazurin metabolic assay. Phalloidin-based visualization of F-actin demonstrated that the TSPCs were stretched within COL I gel with classical spindle cell shapes; similar cell morphologies were also found in the BC hydrogel. The gene expression profile of TSPCs in the BC hydrogel was comparable with that in COL I gel. Moreover, the BC hydrogel supported capillary-like structure formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in the hydrogel matrix. Taken together, these results suggest that the thermosensitive BC hydrogel holds great potential as an injectable cell delivery carrier of TSPCs for tendon tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyong Yin
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany. Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany. Institute of Orthopaedics, Key Laboratries of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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30
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Goichberg P. Current Understanding of the Pathways Involved in Adult Stem and Progenitor Cell Migration for Tissue Homeostasis and Repair. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 12:421-37. [PMID: 27209167 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the advancements in the field of adult stem and progenitor cells grows the recognition that the motility of primitive cells is a pivotal aspect of their functionality. There is accumulating evidence that the recruitment of tissue-resident and circulating cells is critical for organ homeostasis and effective injury responses, whereas the pathobiology of degenerative diseases, neoplasm and aging, might be rooted in the altered ability of immature cells to migrate. Furthermore, understanding the biological machinery determining the translocation patterns of tissue progenitors is of great relevance for the emerging methodologies for cell-based therapies and regenerative medicine. The present article provides an overview of studies addressing the physiological significance and diverse modes of stem and progenitor cell trafficking in adult mammalian organs, discusses the major microenvironmental cues regulating cell migration, and describes the implementation of live imaging approaches for the exploration of stem cell movement in tissues and the factors dictating the motility of endogenous and transplanted cells with regenerative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Goichberg
- Department Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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31
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Tenomodulin is essential for prevention of adipocyte accumulation and fibrovascular scar formation during early tendon healing. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3116. [PMID: 29022912 PMCID: PMC5682675 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tenomodulin (Tnmd) is the best-known mature marker for tendon and ligament lineage cells. It is important for tendon maturation, running performance and has key implications for the resident tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs). However, its exact functions during the tendon repair process still remain elusive. Here, we established an Achilles tendon injury model in a Tnmd knockout (Tnmd−/−) mouse line. Detailed analyses showed not only a very different scar organization with a clearly reduced cell proliferation and expression of certain tendon-related genes, but also increased cell apoptosis, adipocyte and blood vessel accumulation in the early phase of tendon healing compared with their wild-type (WT) littermates. In addition, Tnmd−/− tendon scar tissue contained augmented matrix deposition of biglycan, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (Comp) and fibronectin, altered macrophage profile and reduced numbers of CD146-positive cells. In vitro analysis revealed that Tnmd−/− TSPCs exhibited significantly reduced migration and proliferation potential compared with that of WT TSPCs. Furthermore, Tnmd−/− TSPCs had accelerated adipogenic differentiation accompanied with significantly increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparγ) and lipoprotein lipase (Lpl) mRNA levels. Thus, our results demonstrate that Tnmd is required for prevention of adipocyte accumulation and fibrovascular scar formation during early tendon healing.
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32
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Jung YH, Lee HJ, Kim JS, Lee SJ, Han HJ. EphB2 signaling-mediated Sirt3 expression reduces MSC senescence by maintaining mitochondrial ROS homeostasis. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 110:368-380. [PMID: 28687409 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) homeostasis is a key factor inducing UCB-MSC senescence. Accordingly, preventing mtROS accumulation will help in suppressing the UCB-MSC senescence. In this study, we observed that the expressions of EphrinB2 and EphB2 were inversely regulated by UCB-MSC passage-dependent manner. EphB2 signaling induced mitochondrial translocation of Sirt3. The knockdown of SIRT3 inhibited the effect of EphB2 signaling in UCB-MSCs. Subsequently, EphrinB2-Fc induced the nuclear translocation of Nrf-2 via c-Src phosphorylation dependent manner, and Sirt3 expression was regulated by Nrf-2. Among Sirt3 target genes, EphB2 signaling increased MnSOD and reduced the mtROS level in UCB-MSCs. Furthermore, the deacetylase effect of Sirt3 enhanced the MnSOD activity by deacetylation at the lysine 68 residue and therapeutic effect of UCB-MSCs on skin-wound healing was increased by EphB2 activation. In conclusion, the EphB2 can serve as a novel target for the optimizing the therapeutic use of UCB-MSCs in wound repair by MnSOD-mediated mtROS scavenging through EphB2/c-Src signaling pathway and Nrf-2-dependent Sirt3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hyun Jung
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jik Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sung Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Jung Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jae Han
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Wertheimer C, Eibl-Lindner KH, Compera D, Kueres A, Wolf A, Docheva D, Priglinger SG, Priglinger C, Schumann RG. A cell culture technique for human epiretinal membranes to describe cell behavior and membrane contraction in vitro. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2017; 255:2147-2155. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-017-3767-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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