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Borrego-Ruiz A, Borrego JJ. Influence of human gut microbiome on the healthy and the neurodegenerative aging. Exp Gerontol 2024; 194:112497. [PMID: 38909763 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in host health throughout the lifespan by influencing brain function during aging. The microbial diversity of the human gut microbiome decreases during the aging process and, as a consequence, several mechanisms increase, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory response, and microbial gut dysbiosis. Moreover, evidence indicates that aging and neurodegeneration are closely related; consequently, the gut microbiome may serve as a novel marker of lifespan in the elderly. In this narrative study, we investigated how the changes in the composition of the gut microbiome that occur in aging influence to various neuropathological disorders, such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD); and which are the possible mechanisms that govern the relationship between the gut microbiome and cognitive impairment. In addition, several studies suggest that the gut microbiome may be a potential novel target to improve hallmarks of brain aging and to promote healthy cognition; therefore, current and future therapeutic interventions have been also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Borrego-Ruiz
- Departamento de Psicología Social y de las Organizaciones, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Borrego
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA, Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.
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2
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Liu N, Haziyihan A, Zhao W, Chen Y, Chao H. Trajectory of brain-derived amyloid beta in Alzheimer's disease: where is it coming from and where is it going? Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:42. [PMID: 39160618 PMCID: PMC11331646 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder that primarily impacts cognitive function. Currently there are no disease-modifying treatments to stop or slow its progression. Recent studies have found that several peripheral and systemic abnormalities are associated with AD, and our understanding of how these alterations contribute to AD is becoming more apparent. In this review, we focuse on amyloid‑beta (Aβ), a major hallmark of AD, summarizing recent findings on the source of brain-derived Aβ and discussing where and how the brain-derived Aβ is cleared in vivo. Based on these findings, we propose future strategies for AD prevention and treatment, from a novel perspective on Aβ metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Liu
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | | | - Wei Zhao
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hongbo Chao
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Ensandoust T, Khakpour-Taleghani B, Jafari A, Rostampour M, Rohampour K, Ch MH. Effect of simultaneous application of adenosine A1 receptor agonist and A2A receptor antagonist on memory, inflammatory factors, and PSD-95 in lipopolysaccharide-induced memory impairment. Behav Brain Res 2024:115210. [PMID: 39159786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
The potential role of adenosine, a natural neuroprotective agent, and its receptors in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease has been proposed. The present study aims to examine the effect of administering both an A1 receptor agonist and an A2A adenosine receptor antagonist simultaneously on memory, inflammatory factors, and PSD-95 in an LPS-induced Alzheimer's disease model in rats. Fifty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups: Saline, LPS, Saline + Vehicle, LPS + Vehicle, LPS + SCH58261 (A2A receptor antagonist), LPS + CPA (A1 receptor agonist), LPS + SCH58261+CPA. LPS (3mg/kg/ip) was used to cause memory impairment. Treatment was performed by intraventricular injection of CPA at a dose of 700μg and SCH-58261 at 40μg for ten days. Passive avoidance and Y-maze tests were performed to examine animals' memories. IL-10, TNF-α, and PSD-95 levels were measured in the brain using ELISA and western blot, respectively. Compared to the groups receiving each medication separately, the simultaneous administration of CPA and SCH58261 improved memory (P<0.05). Additionally, compared to the single medication groups, there was a significant increase in IL-10, PSD-95, and a significant decrease in TNF-α in the brain tissue (P<0.05). These findings suggest that the activation of A1 receptors along with A2A receptor inhibition could be a potential therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease. These findings suggest that A1 receptor activation combined with A2A receptor inhibition may be a promising therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Ensandoust
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Adele Jafari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Rostampour
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Kambiz Rohampour
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Hedayati Ch
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Grijaldo-Alvarez SJB, Alvarez MRS, Schindler RL, Oloumi A, Hernandez N, Seales T, Angeles JGC, Nacario RC, Completo GC, Zivkovic AM, Bruce German J, Lebrilla CB. N-Glycan profile of the cell membrane as a probe for lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial neuroinflammation uncovers the effects of common fatty acid supplementation. Food Funct 2024; 15:8258-8273. [PMID: 39011570 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01598c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Altered N-glycosylation of proteins on the cell membrane is associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia are an ideal model for studying glycosylation and neuroinflammation, but whether aberrant N-glycosylation in microglia can be restored by diet remains unknown. Herein, we profiled the N-glycome, proteome, and glycoproteome of the human microglia following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction to probe the impact of dietary and gut microbe-derived fatty acids-oleic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, valeric acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, and propionic acid-on neuroinflammation using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. LPS changed N-glycosylation in the microglial glycocalyx altering high mannose and sialofucosylated N-glycans, suggesting the dysregulation of mannosidases, fucosyltransferases, and sialyltransferases. The results were consistent as we observed the restoration effect of the fatty acids, especially oleic acid, on the LPS-treated microglia, specifically on the high mannose and sialofucosylated glycoforms of translocon-associated proteins, SSRA and SSRB along with the cell surface proteins, CD63 and CD166. In addition, proteomic analysis and in silico modeling substantiated the potential of fatty acids in reverting the effects of LPS on microglial N-glycosylation. Our results showed that N-glycosylation is likely affected by diet by restoring alterations following LPS challenge, which may then influence the disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl Joyce B Grijaldo-Alvarez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA.
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Philippines, 4031.
| | | | | | - Armin Oloumi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA.
| | - Noah Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA.
| | - Tristan Seales
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA.
| | - Jorge Gil C Angeles
- Philippine Genome Center - Program for Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Forestry, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Philippines, 4031.
| | - Ruel C Nacario
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Philippines, 4031.
| | - Gladys C Completo
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Philippines, 4031.
| | - Angela M Zivkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA.
| | - J Bruce German
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA.
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Kim TC, Park HJ, Lee SW, Park YH, Van Kaer L, Hong S. Alpha-galactosylceramide pre-treatment attenuates clinical symptoms of LPS-induced acute neuroinflammation by converting pathogenic iNKT cells to anti-inflammatory iNKT10 cells in the brain. Inflamm Res 2024:10.1007/s00011-024-01915-3. [PMID: 39028491 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01915-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells play protective or pathogenic roles in a variety of immune and inflammatory diseases. However, whether iNKT cells contribute to the progression of acute neuroinflammation remains unclear. Thus, we addressed this question with a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute neuroinflammation. METHODS For induction of acute neuroinflammation, wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 (B6) mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with LPS for either three or five consecutive days, and then these mice were analyzed for brain-infiltrating leukocytes or mouse behaviors, respectively. To examine the role of iNKT cell activation in LPS-induced neuroinflammation, mice were injected i.p. with the iNKT cell agonist α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) seven days prior to LPS treatment. Immune cells infiltrated into the brain during LPS-induced neuroinflammation were determined by flow cytometry. In addition, LPS-induced clinical behavior symptoms such as depressive-like behavior and memory impairment in mice were evaluated by the open field and Y-maze tests, respectively. RESULTS We found that iNKT cell-deficient Jα18 mutant mice display delayed disease progression and decreased leukocyte infiltration into the brain compared with WT mice, indicating that iNKT cells contribute to the pathogenesis of LPS-induced neuroinflammation. Since it has been reported that pre-treatment with α-GalCer, an iNKT cell agonist, can convert iNKT cells towards anti-inflammatory phenotypes, we next explored whether pre-activation of iNKT cells with α-GalCer can regulate LPS-induced neuroinflammation. Strikingly, we found that α-GalCer pre-treatment significantly delays the onset of clinical symptoms, including depression-like behavior and memory impairment, while decreasing brain infiltration of pro-inflammatory natural killer cells and neutrophils, in this model of LPS-induced neuroinflammation. Such anti-inflammatory effects of α-GalCer pre-treatment closely correlated with iNKT cell polarization towards IL4- and IL10-producing phenotypes. Furthermore, α-GalCer pre-treatment restored the expression of suppressive markers on brain regulatory T cells during LPS-induced neuroinflammation. CONCLUSION Our findings provide strong evidence that α-GalCer-induced pre-activation of iNKT cells expands iNKT10 cells, mitigating depressive-like behaviors and brain infiltration of inflammatory immune cells induced by LPS-induced acute neuroinflammation. Thus, we suggest the prophylactic potential of iNKT cells and α-GalCer against acute neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Cheol Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Sung Won Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health and Biomedical Services, Sangji University, Wonju, 26339, South Korea
| | - Yun Hoo Park
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Seokmann Hong
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
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Azargoonjahromi A. The duality of amyloid-β: its role in normal and Alzheimer's disease states. Mol Brain 2024; 17:44. [PMID: 39020435 PMCID: PMC11256416 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-024-01118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative neurological condition that gradually impairs cognitive abilities, disrupts memory retention, and impedes daily functioning by impacting the cells of the brain. A key characteristic of AD is the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, which play pivotal roles in disease progression. These plaques initiate a cascade of events including neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, tau pathology, oxidative stress, impaired protein clearance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and disrupted calcium homeostasis. Aβ accumulation is also closely associated with other hallmark features of AD, underscoring its significance. Aβ is generated through cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and plays a dual role depending on its processing pathway. The non-amyloidogenic pathway reduces Aβ production and has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, whereas the amyloidogenic pathway leads to the production of Aβ peptides, including Aβ40 and Aβ42, which contribute to neurodegeneration and toxic effects in AD. Understanding the multifaceted role of Aβ, particularly in AD, is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies that target Aβ metabolism, aggregation, and clearance with the aim of mitigating the detrimental consequences of the disease. This review aims to explore the mechanisms and functions of Aβ under normal and abnormal conditions, particularly in AD, by examining both its beneficial and detrimental effects.
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Chmielarz M, Sobieszczańska B, Środa-Pomianek K. Metabolic Endotoxemia: From the Gut to Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7006. [PMID: 39000116 PMCID: PMC11241432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic endotoxemia is a severe health problem for residents in developed countries who follow a Western diet, disrupting intestinal microbiota and the whole organism's homeostasis. Although the effect of endotoxin on the human immune system is well known, its long-term impact on the human body, lasting many months or even years, is unknown. This is due to the difficulty of conducting in vitro and in vivo studies on the prolonged effect of endotoxin on the central nervous system. In this article, based on the available literature, we traced the path of endotoxin from the intestines to the blood through the intestinal epithelium and factors promoting the development of metabolic endotoxemia. The presence of endotoxin in the bloodstream and the inflammation it induces may contribute to lowering the blood-brain barrier, potentially allowing its penetration into the central nervous system; although, the theory is still controversial. Microglia, guarding the central nervous system, are the first line of defense and respond to endotoxin with activation, which may contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. We traced the pro-inflammatory role of endotoxin in neurodegenerative diseases and its impact on the epigenetic regulation of microglial phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Chmielarz
- Department of Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Medicine, Chalubinskiego 4 Street, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Beata Sobieszczańska
- Department of Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Medicine, Chalubinskiego 4 Street, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Środa-Pomianek
- Department of Biophysics and Neuroscience, Wroclaw University of Medicine, Chalubinskiego 3a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
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Abdo Qaid EY, Abdullah Z, Zakaria R, Long I. Minocycline protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced glial cells activation and oxidative stress damage in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of the rat. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:56-65. [PMID: 35638219 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2084092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/AIM Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress have been encountered in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the neuroprotective effects of minocycline against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced glial cells activation and oxidative stress damage in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of rats are still elusive. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of minocycline and memantine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, on the microglia and astrocytes expression, as well as oxidative stress levels in the mPFC of LPS injected rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty adult Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups: control, LPS (5 mg/kg), LPS treated with minocycline (25 mg/kg), LPS treated with minocycline (50 mg/kg) and LPS treated with memantine (10 mg/kg). The immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to analyse the expressions and densities of microglia marker (Iba-1) and astrocyte marker, (GFAP) while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the protein carbonyl (PCO), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. RESULTS In comparison to the control group, the expression and density of Iba-1 and GFAP were significantly enhanced in the LPS group (p < 0.05). LPS group also exhibited significantly higher levels of PCO and MDA (p < 0.05) and significantly lower levels of CAT and SOD (p < 0.05) when compared to the control group. Both minocycline and memantine-treated LPS rats were able to protect against these effects. CONCLUSION Minocycline, like memantine treatment, reduces oxidative stress in the mPFC of LPS rats via inhibition of glial cells activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Entesar Yaseen Abdo Qaid
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Histology, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Zuraidah Abdullah
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Rahimah Zakaria
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Idris Long
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
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Zhong S, Zhou Q, Yang J, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Liu J, Chang X, Wang H. Relationship between the cGAS-STING and NF-κB pathways-role in neurotoxicity. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116698. [PMID: 38713946 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurotoxicity can cause a range of symptoms and disorders in humans, including neurodegenerative diseases, neurodevelopmental disorders, nerve conduction abnormalities, neuroinflammation, autoimmune disorders, and cognitive deficits. The cyclic guanosine-adenosine synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway and NF-κB pathway are two important signaling pathways involved in the innate immune response. The cGAS-STING pathway is activated by the recognition of intracellular DNA, which triggers the production of type I interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor, IL-1β, and IL-6. These cytokines play a role in oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in neurons. The NF-κB pathway is activated by various stimuli, such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide, viral particle components, and neurotoxins. NF-κB activation may lead to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which promote neuroinflammation and cause neuronal damage. A potential interaction exists between the cGAS-STING and NF-κB pathways, and NF-κB activation blocks STING degradation by inhibiting microtubule-mediated STING transport. This review examines the progress of research on the roles of these pathways in neurotoxicity and their interrelationships. Understanding the mechanisms of these pathways will provide valuable therapeutic insights for preventing and controlling neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyin Zhong
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Qiongli Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jirui Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xuhong Chang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Gansu 730000, China.
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Alzahrani NA, Bahaidrah KA, Mansouri RA, Aldhahri RS, Abd El-Aziz GS, Alghamdi BS. Possible Prophylactic Effects of Sulforaphane on LPS-Induced Recognition Memory Impairment Mediated by Regulating Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammatory Proteins in the Prefrontal Cortex Region of the Brain. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1107. [PMID: 38791068 PMCID: PMC11118062 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents a significant global health concern, characterized by neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Neuroinflammation is a crucial factor in AD development and progression, yet effective pharmacotherapy remains elusive. Sulforaphane (SFN), derived from cruciferous vegetables and mainly from broccoli, has shown a promising effect via in vitro and in vivo studies as a potential treatment for AD. This study aims to investigate the possible prophylactic mechanisms of SFN against prefrontal cortex (PFC)-related recognition memory impairment induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. METHODOLOGY Thirty-six Swiss (SWR/J) mice weighing 18-25 g were divided into three groups (n = 12 per group): a control group (vehicle), an LPS group (0.75 mg/kg of LPS), and an LPS + SFN group (25 mg/kg of SFN). The total duration of the study was 3 weeks, during which mice underwent treatments for the initial 2 weeks, with daily monitoring of body weight and temperature. Behavioral assessments via novel object recognition (NOR) and temporal order recognition (TOR) tasks were conducted in the final week of the study. Inflammatory markers (IL-6 and TNF), antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH, and CAT), and pro-oxidant (MDA) level, in addition to acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity and active (caspase-3) and phosphorylated (AMPK) levels, were evaluated. Further, PFC neuronal degeneration, Aβ content, and microglial activation were also examined using H&E, Congo red staining, and Iba1 immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS SFN pretreatment significantly improved recognition memory performance during the NOR and TOR tests. Moreover, SFN was protected from neuroinflammation and oxidative stress as well as neurodegeneration, Aβ accumulation, and microglial hyperactivity. CONCLUSION The obtained results suggested that SFN has a potential protective property to mitigate the behavioral and biochemical impairments induced by chronic LPS administration and suggested to be via an AMPK/caspase-3-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Ahmed Alzahrani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.B.); (R.A.M.); (R.S.A.)
| | - Khulud Abdullah Bahaidrah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.B.); (R.A.M.); (R.S.A.)
| | - Rasha A. Mansouri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.B.); (R.A.M.); (R.S.A.)
| | - Rahaf Saeed Aldhahri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.B.); (R.A.M.); (R.S.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal S. Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Badrah S. Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Neuroscience and Geroscience Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Kountouras J, Boziki M, Kazakos E, Theotokis P, Kesidou E, Nella M, Bakirtzis C, Karafoulidou E, Vardaka E, Mouratidou MC, Kyrailidi F, Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou M, Orovou E, Giartza-Taxidou E, Deretzi G, Grigoriadis N, Doulberis M. Impact of Helicobacter pylori and metabolic syndrome on mast cell activation-related pathophysiology and neurodegeneration. Neurochem Int 2024; 175:105724. [PMID: 38508416 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Both Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are highly prevalent worldwide. The emergence of relevant research suggesting a pathogenic linkage between H. pylori infection and MetS-related cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders, particularly through mechanisms involving brain pericyte deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperfibrinogenemia, elevated lipoprotein-a, galectin-3 overexpression, atrial fibrillation, and gut dysbiosis, has raised stimulating questions regarding their pathophysiology and its translational implications for clinicians. An additional stimulating aspect refers to H. pylori and MetS-related activation of innate immune cells, mast cells (MC), which is an important, often early, event in systemic inflammatory pathologies and related brain disorders. Synoptically, MC degranulation may play a role in the pathogenesis of H. pylori and MetS-related obesity, adipokine effects, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, arterial hypertension, vascular dysfunction and arterial stiffness, an early indicator of atherosclerosis associated with cardio-cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. Meningeal MC can be activated by triggers including stress and toxins resulting in vascular changes and neurodegeneration. Likewise, H.pylori and MetS-related MC activation is linked with: (a) vasculitis and thromboembolic events that increase the risk of cardio-cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, and (b) gut dysbiosis-associated neurodegeneration, whereas modulation of gut microbiota and MC activation may promote neuroprotection. This narrative review investigates the intricate relationship between H. pylori infection, MetS, MC activation, and their collective impact on pathophysiological processes linked to neurodegeneration. Through a comprehensive search of current literature, we elucidate the mechanisms through which H. pylori and MetS contribute to MC activation, subsequently triggering cascades of inflammatory responses. This highlights the role of MC as key mediators in the pathogenesis of cardio-cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, emphasizing their involvement in neuroinflammation, vascular dysfunction and, ultimately, neuronal damage. Although further research is warranted, we provide a novel perspective on the pathophysiology and management of brain disorders by exploring potential therapeutic strategies targeting H. pylori eradication, MetS management, and modulation of MC to mitigate neurodegeneration risk while promoting neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Kountouras
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
| | - Marina Boziki
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Evangelos Kazakos
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; School of Healthcare Sciences, Midwifery Department, University of West Macedonia, Koila, Kozani, 50100, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Evangelia Kesidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Maria Nella
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Christos Bakirtzis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Eleni Karafoulidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Vardaka
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus, 57400, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Maria C Mouratidou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Foteini Kyrailidi
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Maria Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; School of Healthcare Sciences, Midwifery Department, University of West Macedonia, Koila, Kozani, 50100, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Eirini Orovou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; School of Healthcare Sciences, Midwifery Department, University of West Macedonia, Koila, Kozani, 50100, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Evaggelia Giartza-Taxidou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Georgia Deretzi
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; Department of Neurology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Michael Doulberis
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; Gastroklinik, Private Gastroenterological Practice, 8810, Horgen, Switzerland; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University Department, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001, Aarau, Switzerland
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12
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Tao W, Zhang Y, Wang B, Nie S, Fang L, Xiao J, Wu Y. Advances in molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for central nervous system diseases based on gut microbiota imbalance. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00124-3. [PMID: 38579985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUD Central nervous system (CNS) diseases pose a serious threat to human health, but the regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of CNS diseases need to be further explored. It has been demonstrated that the gut microbiota (GM) is closely related to CNS disease. GM structure disorders, abnormal microbial metabolites, intestinal barrier destruction and elevated inflammation exist in patients with CNS diseases and promote the development of CNS diseases. More importantly, GM remodeling alleviates CNS pathology to some extent. AIM OF REVIEW Here, we have summarized the regulatory mechanism of the GM in CNS diseases and the potential treatment strategies for CNS repair based on GM regulation, aiming to provide safer and more effective strategies for CNS repair from the perspective of GM regulation. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The abundance and composition of GM is closely associated with the CNS diseases. On the basis of in-depth analysis of GM changes in mice with CNS disease, as well as the changes in its metabolites, therapeutic strategies, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and FMT, may be used to regulate GM balance and affect its microbial metabolites, thereby promoting the recovery of CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tao
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yanren Zhang
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Bingbin Wang
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Saiqun Nie
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Li Fang
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Yanqing Wu
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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13
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Akhgarjand C, Vahabi Z, Shab-Bidar S, Anoushirvani A, Djafarian K. The effects of probiotic supplements on oxidative stress and inflammation in subjects with mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1413-1420. [PMID: 38319476 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Through modulating effects on the gut-brain axis, probiotics are an effective adjuvant treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of our century's most important medical care challenges (Agahi et al. Front Neurol 9:662, 2018). This trial aimed to examine the effects of two different single-strain probiotics on oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with mild and moderate AD. This was a 12-week placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical trial performed on 90 patients with AD. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to two different interventions (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HA-114 (7.5 × 109) or Bifidobacterium longum R0175 (7.5 × 109)) and a placebo group, supplemented twice daily. We used mixed-effect models to examine the probiotic's independent effects on clinical results. Significant improvements in serum inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were observed at the end of the trial (P < 0.05). Probiotic supplementation for 12 weeks had beneficial effects on oxidative stress, inflammation, quality of life, and physical activity in patients with mild and moderate AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camellia Akhgarjand
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Vahabi
- Cognitive Neurology and Neuropsychiatry Division, Psychiatry Department, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Geriatric Department, Ziaeeian Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliarash Anoushirvani
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Firoozgar General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Weng J, Wang Y, Tan Z, Yuan Y, Huang S, Li Z, Li Y, Zhang L, Du Z. Glabridin reduces neuroinflammation by modulating inflammatory signals in LPS-induced in vitro and in vivo models. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1159-1169. [PMID: 38372849 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic neuroinflammation has become one of the important causes of common neurodegeneration disease. Therefore, the target of this study was to explore the protective action of glabridin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation in vivo and in vitro and its mechanism. METHODS The neuroinflammation model was established by LPS-induced BV2 cells. The cell viability with various concentrations of glabridin was determined by MTT assay, and the content of NO in each group was detected. A neuroinflammatory model was established in male C57BL/6J mice for a water maze test. Subsequently, NF-κB and SOD indices were measured by ELISA, GFAP and IBA-1 indices were measured by immunofluorescence, and Nissl staining was used to explore the Nissl bodies in the hippocampus of mice. RESULTS In vitro experiments, our results expressed that glabridin could markedly increase the cell activity of LPS-induced BV2 cells and reduce the NO expression in cells. It indicated that glabridin had a remarkable impact on the neuroinflammation of LPS-induced BV2 cell protection. In vivo neuroinflammation experiments, mice treated with different doses of glabridin showed significantly improved ability of memory compared with the LPS group in the Morris water maze test. The levels of NF-κB, GFAP, and the number of positive cells in Nissl staining were decreased. High-dose glabridin significantly increased the SOD content in the brain tissue and decreased the IBA-1 levels. CONCLUSION Glabridin can significantly reduce or even reverse LPS-induced neuroinflammation, which may be related to the fact that glabridin can reduce the NO expression, NF-κB, IBA-1, GFAP, and other inflammatory mediators, upregulate the expression of SOD to relieve oxidative stress of brain and inhibit the activation of gliocyte in brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyu Weng
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zekai Tan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanghe Yuan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shiyuan Huang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zexi Li
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lanyue Zhang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zhiyun Du
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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15
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Brown GC, Heneka MT. The endotoxin hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:30. [PMID: 38561809 PMCID: PMC10983749 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) constitutes much of the surface of Gram-negative bacteria, and if LPS enters the human body or brain can induce inflammation and act as an endotoxin. We outline the hypothesis here that LPS may contribute to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) via peripheral infections or gut dysfunction elevating LPS levels in blood and brain, which promotes: amyloid pathology, tau pathology and microglial activation, contributing to the neurodegeneration of AD. The evidence supporting this hypothesis includes: i) blood and brain levels of LPS are elevated in AD patients, ii) AD risk factors increase LPS levels or response, iii) LPS induces Aβ expression, aggregation, inflammation and neurotoxicity, iv) LPS induces TAU phosphorylation, aggregation and spreading, v) LPS induces microglial priming, activation and neurotoxicity, and vi) blood LPS induces loss of synapses, neurons and memory in AD mouse models, and cognitive dysfunction in humans. However, to test the hypothesis, it is necessary to test whether reducing blood LPS reduces AD risk or progression. If the LPS endotoxin hypothesis is correct, then treatments might include: reducing infections, changing gut microbiome, reducing leaky gut, decreasing blood LPS, or blocking LPS response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy C Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
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16
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Yan L, Li H, Qian Y, Liu Q, Cong S, Dou B, Wang Y, Wang M, Yu T. Acupuncture modulates the gut microbiota in Alzheimer's disease: current evidence, challenges, and future opportunities. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1334735. [PMID: 38495110 PMCID: PMC10940355 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1334735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, one of the most severe and common neurodegenerative diseases, has no effective cure. Therefore it is crucial to explore novel and effective therapeutic targets. The gut microbiota - brain axis has been found to play a role in Alzheimer's disease by regulating the neuro-immune and endocrine systems. At the same time, acupuncture can modulate the gut microbiota and may impact the course of Alzheimer's disease. In this Review, we discuss recent studies on the role of acupuncture on the gut microbiota as well current challenges and future opportunities of acupuncture as potential treatment for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yan
- The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Li
- The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yulin Qian
- The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qidi Liu
- The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Shan Cong
- The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Baomin Dou
- National Clinical Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Wang
- The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Wang
- The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Yu
- The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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17
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Hu M, Zheng M, Wang C, Li Q, Li J, Zhou X, Ying X, Quan S, Gu L, Zhang X. Andrographolide derivative Andro-III modulates neuroinflammation and attenuates neuropathological changes of Alzheimer's disease via GSK-3β/NF-κB/CREB pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 965:176305. [PMID: 38160932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Andrographolide has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, making it a potential therapeutic option for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our research group optimized its structure in a previous study to minimize the risk of renal toxicity, which would beneficial for future clinical research. This study aims to examine the impact of Andro-III on enhancing cognitive learning ability in 3xTg-AD mice, as well as the mechanisms involved. Andro-III improved spatial learning ability, prevented the loss of Nysted's vesicles, reduced the accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau proteins, and suppressed microglial activation. Further research found that the expression of nuclear factor kappa-B RelA (NF-κB p65) expression and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activity were inhibited, while CREB was upregulated in brain tissue treated with Andro-III. Moreover, Andro-III downregulated the expression of IBA1 and inflammatory factors in microglial cells of mice induced by Aβ. The regulation of the GSK-3β/NF-κB/CREB pathway was similar to that observed in 3xTg-AD mice. Therefore, Andro-III modulates neuroinflammation and attenuates neuropathological changes of AD via the GSK-3β/NF-κB/CREB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, PR China; Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, PR China
| | - Miao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, PR China; Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, PR China
| | - Can Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, PR China; Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, PR China
| | - Qin Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, PR China; Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, PR China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, PR China; Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, PR China
| | - Xuebin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, PR China; Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, PR China
| | - XinYi Ying
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, PR China; Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, PR China
| | - Shengli Quan
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, PR China; Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, PR China
| | - Lili Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, PR China; Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, PR China.
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, PR China; Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, PR China.
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18
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Duan R, von Ehrlich-Treuenstätt VH, Kakoschke SC, Schardey J, Wirth U, Albertsmeier M, Renz BW, Andrassy J, Bazhin AV, Hodin RA, Werner J, Ilmer M, Kühn F. Effect of Surgery on Postoperative Levels of the Gut Homeostasis-Regulating Enzyme Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase. J Am Coll Surg 2024; 238:70-80. [PMID: 37870235 DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal homeostasis is a crucial factor for complication-free short- and long-term postoperative recovery. The brush border enzyme intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) is an important regulator of gut barrier function and intestinal homeostasis and prevents endotoxemia by detoxifying lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). As IAP is predominantly secreted by enterocytes in the duodenum, we hypothesized that pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) leads to a significantly stronger decrease in IAP than other major abdominal surgery. STUDY DESIGN Pre- and postoperative blood, stool, and intestinal samples were collected from patients undergoing PD, as well as other major surgical procedures without duodenectomy. The samples were analyzed using enzyme histochemistry, the para -nitrophenyl phosphate method for IAP, and the limulus amebocyte lysate assay for LPS. RESULTS Overall, 88 patients were prospectively enrolled in the study. Fecal IAP activity negatively correlated with serum LPS (r = -0.3603, p = 0.0006). PD led to a significant decline in IAP compared to preoperative baseline levels (p < 0.0001). The decline in IAP correlated with the length of proximal small intestinal resection (r = 0.4271, p = 0.0034). Compared to controls, PD was associated with a much more pronounced reduction in IAP-also after adjusting for surgical trauma (operative time, blood loss; r = 0.4598, p = 0.0086). Simultaneously, PD triggered a clearly more prominent increase in serum LPS compared to controls (p = 0.0001). Increased postoperative LPS was associated with an elongated hospitalization (r = 0.7534, p = 0.0062) and more prominent in pancreatic cancer (p = 0.0009). CONCLUSIONS Based upon the functional roles for IAP, supplementation with exogenous IAP might be a new treatment option to improve short- and long-term outcome after PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Duan
- From the Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (Duan, von Ehrlich-Treuenstätt, Kakoschke, Schardey, Wirth, Albertsmeier, Renz, Andrassy, Bazhin, Werner, Ilmer)
| | - Viktor H von Ehrlich-Treuenstätt
- From the Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (Duan, von Ehrlich-Treuenstätt, Kakoschke, Schardey, Wirth, Albertsmeier, Renz, Andrassy, Bazhin, Werner, Ilmer)
| | - Sara C Kakoschke
- From the Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (Duan, von Ehrlich-Treuenstätt, Kakoschke, Schardey, Wirth, Albertsmeier, Renz, Andrassy, Bazhin, Werner, Ilmer)
| | - Josefine Schardey
- From the Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (Duan, von Ehrlich-Treuenstätt, Kakoschke, Schardey, Wirth, Albertsmeier, Renz, Andrassy, Bazhin, Werner, Ilmer)
| | - Ulrich Wirth
- From the Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (Duan, von Ehrlich-Treuenstätt, Kakoschke, Schardey, Wirth, Albertsmeier, Renz, Andrassy, Bazhin, Werner, Ilmer)
| | - Markus Albertsmeier
- From the Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (Duan, von Ehrlich-Treuenstätt, Kakoschke, Schardey, Wirth, Albertsmeier, Renz, Andrassy, Bazhin, Werner, Ilmer)
| | - Bernhard W Renz
- From the Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (Duan, von Ehrlich-Treuenstätt, Kakoschke, Schardey, Wirth, Albertsmeier, Renz, Andrassy, Bazhin, Werner, Ilmer)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany (Renz, Bazhin, Werner, Ilmer, Kühn)
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany (Renz, Bazhin, Werner, Ilmer, Kühn)
| | - Joachim Andrassy
- From the Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (Duan, von Ehrlich-Treuenstätt, Kakoschke, Schardey, Wirth, Albertsmeier, Renz, Andrassy, Bazhin, Werner, Ilmer)
| | - Alexandr V Bazhin
- From the Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (Duan, von Ehrlich-Treuenstätt, Kakoschke, Schardey, Wirth, Albertsmeier, Renz, Andrassy, Bazhin, Werner, Ilmer)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany (Renz, Bazhin, Werner, Ilmer, Kühn)
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany (Renz, Bazhin, Werner, Ilmer, Kühn)
| | - Richard A Hodin
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (Hodin)
| | - Jens Werner
- From the Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (Duan, von Ehrlich-Treuenstätt, Kakoschke, Schardey, Wirth, Albertsmeier, Renz, Andrassy, Bazhin, Werner, Ilmer)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany (Renz, Bazhin, Werner, Ilmer, Kühn)
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany (Renz, Bazhin, Werner, Ilmer, Kühn)
| | - Matthias Ilmer
- From the Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (Duan, von Ehrlich-Treuenstätt, Kakoschke, Schardey, Wirth, Albertsmeier, Renz, Andrassy, Bazhin, Werner, Ilmer)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany (Renz, Bazhin, Werner, Ilmer, Kühn)
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany (Renz, Bazhin, Werner, Ilmer, Kühn)
| | - Florian Kühn
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany (Renz, Bazhin, Werner, Ilmer, Kühn)
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany (Renz, Bazhin, Werner, Ilmer, Kühn)
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Hochuli N, Kadyan S, Park G, Patoine C, Nagpal R. Pathways linking microbiota-gut-brain axis with neuroinflammatory mechanisms in Alzheimer's pathophysiology. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2023; 3:9. [PMID: 38455083 PMCID: PMC10917618 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Disturbances in the local and peripheral immune systems are closely linked to a wide range of diseases. In the context of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), inflammation plays a crucial role, often appearing as a common manifestation despite the variability in the occurrence of other pathophysiological hallmarks. Thus, combating neuroinflammation holds promise in treating complex pathophysiological diseases like AD. Growing evidence suggests the gut microbiome's crucial role in shaping the pathogenesis of AD by influencing inflammatory mediators. Gut dysbiosis can potentially activate neuroinflammatory pathways through bidirectional signaling of the gut-brain axis; however, the precise mechanisms of this complex interweaved network remain largely unclear. In these milieus, this review attempts to summarize the contributing role of gut microbiome-mediated neuroinflammatory signals in AD pathophysiology, while also pondering potential mechanisms through which commensal and pathogenic gut microbes affect neuroinflammation. While certain taxa such as Roseburia and Escherichia have been strongly correlated with AD, other clades such as Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium exhibit variations at the species and strain levels. In order to disentangle the inflammatory aspects of neurodegeneration attributed to the gut microbiome, it is imperative that future mechanistic studies investigate the species/strain-level dependency of commensals, opportunistic, and pathogenic gut microbes that consistently show correlations with AD patients across multiple associative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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20
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Schirmbeck GH, Seady M, Fróes FT, Taday J, Da Ré C, Souza JM, Gonçalves CA, Leite MC. Long-term LPS systemic administration leads to memory impairment and disturbance in astrocytic homeostasis. Neurotoxicology 2023; 99:322-331. [PMID: 38006911 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Dementia is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by progressive loss of memory and cognitive function. Inflammation is a major aspect in the progression of brain disorders, and inflammatory events have been associated with accelerated deterioration of cognitive function. In the present work, we investigated the impact of low-grade repeated inflammation stimuli induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in hippocampal function and spatial memory. Adult male Wistar rats received a weekly injection of LPS (500 ug/kg) for sixteen weeks, eliciting systemic inflammation. Animals submitted to LPS presented impaired spatial memory and neuroinflammation. While neuronal synaptic markers such as synaptophysin and PSD-95 were unaltered, critical aspects of astrocyte homeostatic functions, such as glutamate uptake and glutathione content, were reduced. Also, glucose uptake and astrocyte lactate transporters were altered, suggesting a disturbance in the astrocyte-neuron coupling. Our present work demonstrates that long-term repeated systemic inflammation can lead to memory impairment and hippocampal metabolic disorders, especially regarding astrocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Henrique Schirmbeck
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marina Seady
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Telles Fróes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Taday
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carollina Da Ré
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Maria Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Gonçalves
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marina Concli Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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21
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Tyliszczak M, Wiatrak B, Danielewski M, Szeląg A, Kucharska AZ, Sozański T. Does a pickle a day keep Alzheimer's away? Fermented food in Alzheimer's disease: A review. Exp Gerontol 2023; 184:112332. [PMID: 37967591 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Fermented food is commonly viewed as healthy, mostly due to its probiotic and digestion-enhancing properties and recently it has been examined with regard to the development of new therapeutic and preventive measures for Alzheimer's disease. Fermented food has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and to alter the gut microbiota. However, the exact pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is still unknown and its connections to systemic inflammation and gut dysbiosis, as potential targets of fermented food, require further investigation. Therefore, to sum up the current knowledge, this article reviews recent research on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease with emphasis on the role of the gut-brain axis and studies examining the use of fermented foods. The analysis of the fermented food research includes clinical and preclinical in vivo and in vitro studies. The fermented food studies have shown promising effects on amyloid-β metabolism, inflammation, and cognitive impairment in animals and humans. Fermented food has great potential in developing new approaches to Alzheimer's disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Tyliszczak
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Benita Wiatrak
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Adam Szeląg
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Alicja Z Kucharska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable, and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sozański
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Pharmacology and Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
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22
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Wang Y, Zou J, Wang Y, Wang J, Ji X, Zhang T, Chu Y, Cui R, Zhang G, Shi G, Wu Y, Kang Y. Hydralazine inhibits neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in APP/PS1 mice via TLR4/NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways. Neuropharmacology 2023; 240:109706. [PMID: 37661037 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder, and curative treatment has not been developed. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential effects of hydralazine (Hyd, a hypertension treatment drug) on the development process of AD and its mechanisms. We treated 6-month-old male APP/PS1 mice with Hyd for 5 weeks, measured changes in behavior and pathological status, and analyzed differences in gene expression by RNA sequencing. The results demonstrated that Hyd improved cognitive deficits and decreased amyloid beta protein deposition in the cortex and hippocampus, while RNA sequencing analysis suggested that the regulation of neuroinflammation and energy metabolism might play pivotal roles for Hyd's beneficial effects. Therefore, we further investigated inflammatory response, redox state, and mitochondrial function, as well as the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-κB)-dependent neuroinflammation gene and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant gene in AD mice. The results showed that Hyd reduced the damage of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, improved mitochondrial dysfunction, downregulated pro-inflammation gene expression, and upregulated antioxidant gene expression. The results in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV2 cell model demonstrated that Hyd suppressed pro-inflammatory response via TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. In addition, by silencing the Nrf2 gene expression, it was found that Hyd can reduce LPS-induced reactive oxygen species production by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Therefore, administration of Hyd in the early stage of AD might be beneficial in delaying the pathological development of AD via inhibiting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Postdoctoral Research Station of Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Jiayang Zou
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Jinyang Wang
- The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Xiaoming Ji
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Tianyun Zhang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Postdoctoral Research Station of Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yun Chu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Rui Cui
- Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Geming Shi
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yuming Wu
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
| | - Yunxiao Kang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
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23
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Guo J, Sun J, Liu D, Liu J, Gui L, Luo M, Kong D, Wusiman S, Yang C, Liu T, Yuan Z, Li R. Developing a Two-Photon "AND" Logic Probe and Its Application in Alzheimer's Disease Differentiation. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16868-16876. [PMID: 37947381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease, hypochlorous acid involved in the clearance of invading bacteria or pathogens and butyrylcholinesterase engaged in the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine are relatively significantly altered. However, there are few dual detection probes for hypochlorous acid and butyrylcholinesterase. In addition, single-response probes suffer from serious off-target effects and near-infrared probes do not easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier due to their excessive molecular weight. In this work, we constructed a two-photon fluorescent probe that recognizes hypochlorous acid and butyrylcholinesterase based on a dual-lock strategy. The thiocarbonyl group is oxidized in the presence of hypochlorous acid, and the hydrolysis occurs at the 7-position ester bond in the existence of butyrylcholinesterase, releasing a strongly fluorescent fluorophore, 4-methylumbelliferone. Excellent imaging was performed in PC12 cells using this probe, and deep two-photon imaging was observed in the brains of AD mice after tail vein injection with this probe. It indicates that the probe can provide a promising tool for the more precise diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Donghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 55004, China
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lijuan Gui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Man Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dexin Kong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Sainaiwaiergul Wusiman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 55004, China
| | - Zhenwei Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ruixi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
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24
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Liu G, Yu Q, Zhu H, Tan B, Yu H, Li X, Lu Y, Li H. Amyloid-β mediates intestinal dysfunction and enteric neurons loss in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mouse. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:351. [PMID: 37930455 PMCID: PMC11072809 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04948-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is traditionally considered as a brain disorder featured by amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition. The current study on whether pathological changes of AD extend to the enteric nervous system (ENS) is still in its infancy. In this study, we found enteric Aβ deposition, intestinal dysfunction, and colonic inflammation in the young APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, these mice exhibited cholinergic and nitrergic signaling pathways damages and enteric neuronal loss. Our data show that Aβ42 treatment remarkably affected the gene expression of cultured myenteric neurons and the spontaneous contraction of intestinal smooth muscles. The intra-colon administration of Aβ42 induced ENS dysfunction, brain gliosis, and β-amyloidosis-like changes in the wild-type mice. Our results suggest that ENS mirrors the neuropathology observed in AD brains, and intestinal pathological changes may represent the prodromal events, which contribute to brain pathology in AD. In summary, our findings provide new opportunities for AD early diagnosis and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Liu
- Medical College, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi, 445000, Hubei, China
| | - Quntao Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 4030030, China
- Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Houze Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 4030030, China
- Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Bo Tan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 4030030, China
- Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hongyan Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 4030030, China
- Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xinyan Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 4030030, China
- Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Youming Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 4030030, China.
- Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Hao Li
- Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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25
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Liu Z, Vinh LB, Tuan NQ, Lee H, Kim E, Kim YC, Sohn JH, Yim JH, Lee HJ, Lee DS, Oh H. Macrosphelides from Antarctic fungus Pseudogymnoascus sp. (strain SF-7351) and their neuroprotective effects on BV2 and HT22 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 385:110718. [PMID: 37777167 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Strategies for reducing inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases have attracted increasing attention. Herein, we discovered and evaluated the neuroprotective potential of fungal metabolites isolated from the Antarctic fungus Pseudogymnoascus sp. (strain SF-7351). The chemical investigation of the EtOAc extract of the fungal strain isolate revealed a novel naturally occurring epi-macrosphelide J (1), a novel secondary metabolite macrosphelide N (2), and three known compounds, namely macrosphelide A (3), macrosphelide B (4), and macrosphelide J (5). Their structures were established unambiguously using spectroscopic methods, such as one-dimensional and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D and 2D-NMR) spectroscopy, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), and gauge-including atomic orbital (GIAO) NMR chemical shift calculations, with the support of the advanced statistical method DP4+. Among the isolated metabolites, the absolute configuration of epi-macrosphelide J (1) was further confirmed using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The neuroprotective effects of the isolated metabolites were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV2 and glutamate-stimulated HT22 cells. Only macrosphelide B (4) displayed substantial protective effects in both BV2 and HT22 cells. Molecular mechanisms underlying this activity were investigated using western blotting and molecular docking studies. Macrosphelide B (4) inhibited the inflammatory response by reducing the nuclear translocation of NF-κB (p65) in LPS-induced BV2 cells and induced the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in both BV2 and HT22 cells. The neuroprotective effect of macrosphelide B (4) is related to the interaction between Keap1 and p65. These results suggest that macrosphelide B (4), present in the fungus Pseudogymnoascus sp. (strain SF-7351), may serve as a candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea.
| | - Le Ba Vinh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, South Korea; Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, South Korea.
| | - Nguyen Quoc Tuan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, South Korea; Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, South Korea.
| | - Hwan Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea.
| | - Eunae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea.
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, South Korea.
| | - Jae Hak Sohn
- College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan, 46958, South Korea.
| | - Joung Han Yim
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, South Korea.
| | - Ha-Jin Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Bio-Environmental Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, 01797, South Korea.
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea.
| | - Hyuncheol Oh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, South Korea; Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, South Korea.
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26
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Walker A, Czyz DM. Oh my gut! Is the microbial origin of neurodegenerative diseases real? Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0043722. [PMID: 37750713 PMCID: PMC10580905 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00437-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no cure or effective treatment for neurodegenerative protein conformational diseases (PCDs), such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases, mainly because the etiology of these diseases remains elusive. Recent data suggest that unique changes in the gut microbial composition are associated with these ailments; however, our current understanding of the bacterial role in the pathogenesis of PCDs is hindered by the complexity of the microbial communities associated with specific microbiomes, such as the gut, oral, or vaginal microbiota. The composition of these specific microbiomes is regarded as a unique fingerprint affected by factors such as infections, diet, lifestyle, and antibiotics. All of these factors also affect the severity of neurodegenerative diseases. The majority of studies that reveal microbial contribution are correlational, and various models, including worm, fly, and mouse, are being utilized to decipher the role of individual microbes that may affect disease onset and progression. Recent evidence from across model organisms and humans shows a positive correlation between the presence of gram-negative enteropathogenic bacteria and the pathogenesis of PCDs. While these correlational studies do not provide a mechanistic explanation, they do reveal contributing bacterial species and provide an important basis for further investigation. One of the lurking concerns related to the microbial contribution to PCDs is the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance and poor antibiotic stewardship, which ultimately select for proteotoxic bacteria, especially the gram-negative species that are known for intrinsic resistance. In this review, we summarize what is known about individual microbial contribution to PCDs and the potential impact of increasing antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Walker
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel M. Czyz
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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27
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Wan J, Fan H. Oral Microbiome and Alzheimer's Disease. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2550. [PMID: 37894208 PMCID: PMC10609607 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques in the brain is a central pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease. It is believed that amyloid responses may be a result of the host immune response to pathogens in both the central nervous system and peripheral systems. Oral microbial dysbiosis is a chronic condition affecting more than 50% of older adults. Recent studies have linked oral microbial dysbiosis to a higher brain Aβ load and the development of Alzheimer's disease in humans. Moreover, the presence of an oral-derived and predominant microbiome has been identified in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, in this opinion article, we aim to provide a summary of studies on oral microbiomes that may contribute to the pathogenesis of the central nervous system in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Wan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- Charleston County School of the Arts High School, North Charleston, SC 29405, USA
| | - Hongkuan Fan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
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28
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Stolzer I, Scherer E, Süß P, Rothhammer V, Winner B, Neurath MF, Günther C. Impact of Microbiome-Brain Communication on Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14925. [PMID: 37834373 PMCID: PMC10573483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in maintaining human health, with numerous studies demonstrating that alterations in microbial compositions can significantly affect the development and progression of various immune-mediated diseases affecting both the digestive tract and the central nervous system (CNS). This complex interplay between the microbiota, the gut, and the CNS is referred to as the gut-brain axis. The role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases has gained increasing attention in recent years, and evidence suggests that gut dysbiosis may contribute to disease development and progression. Clinical studies have shown alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis patients, with a decrease in beneficial bacteria and an increase in pro-inflammatory bacteria. Furthermore, changes within the microbial community have been linked to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Microbiota-gut-brain communication can impact neurodegenerative diseases through various mechanisms, including the regulation of immune function, the production of microbial metabolites, as well as modulation of host-derived soluble factors. This review describes the current literature on the gut-brain axis and highlights novel communication systems that allow cross-talk between the gut microbiota and the host that might influence the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Stolzer
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eveline Scherer
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Süß
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Veit Rothhammer
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Beate Winner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Center of Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claudia Günther
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Feng V, Lanctot K, Herrmann N, Kiss A, Fischer CE, Flint AJ, Mah L, Mulsant BH, Pollock BG, Rajji TK, Tumati S, Verhoeff NP, Graff-Guerrero A, Gallagher D. Lipopolysaccharide, Immune Biomarkers and Cerebral Amyloid-Beta Deposition in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment & Major Depressive Disorder. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 31:786-795. [PMID: 37211499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2023.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammatory activation and increased immune response to lipopolysaccharide occur in both depression and cognitive decline and may link these two conditions. We investigated whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS binding protein (LBP) and peripheral biomarkers of immune response were associated with increased cerebral deposition of amyloid-beta (Abeta) in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and remitted major depressive disorder (rMDD). DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. SETTING Five academic health centers in Toronto. PARTICIPANTS Older adults with MCI with/without rMDD. MEASUREMENTS We investigated the associations among serum LPS, LBP, biomarkers of inflammatory activation - Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and cerebral Abeta deposition quantified by positron emission tomography. RESULTS Among 133 study participants (82 with MCI and 51 with MCI+rMDD) there was no association between LPS (beta - 0.17, p = 0.8) or LBP (beta - 0.11, p = 0.12) and global deposition of Abeta following adjustment for age, gender, and APOE genotype in multivariable regression analyses. LBP was positively correlated with CRP (r = 0.5, p <0.001) and IL-6 (r = 0.2, p = 0.02) but no inflammatory biomarker was associated with Abeta deposition; rMDD was not associated with deposition of Abeta (beta -0.09, p = 0.22). CONCLUSION In this cross-sectional analysis, we did not find an association among LPS/LBP, immune biomarkers or rMDD and global deposition of Abeta. Future analyses should assess the longitudinal relationships between peripheral and central biomarkers of immune activation, depression and cerebral Abeta deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Feng
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group (VF, KL, NH, AK, ST, DG), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Krista Lanctot
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group (VF, KL, NH, AK, ST, DG), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry (KL, NH, CEF, AJF, LM, BHM, BGP, TKR, NPV, AG-G, DG), Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group (VF, KL, NH, AK, ST, DG), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry (KL, NH, CEF, AJF, LM, BHM, BGP, TKR, NPV, AG-G, DG), Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alex Kiss
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group (VF, KL, NH, AK, ST, DG), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (AK), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Corinne E Fischer
- Department of Psychiatry (KL, NH, CEF, AJF, LM, BHM, BGP, TKR, NPV, AG-G, DG), Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science (CEF), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alastair J Flint
- Department of Psychiatry (KL, NH, CEF, AJF, LM, BHM, BGP, TKR, NPV, AG-G, DG), Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Centre for Mental Health (AJF), University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Linda Mah
- Department of Psychiatry (KL, NH, CEF, AJF, LM, BHM, BGP, TKR, NPV, AG-G, DG), Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry (LM, NPV), Baycrest Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Rotman Research Institute (LM), Baycrest Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Benoit H Mulsant
- Department of Psychiatry (KL, NH, CEF, AJF, LM, BHM, BGP, TKR, NPV, AG-G, DG), Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Adult Neurodevelopment and Geriatric Psychiatry Division (BHM, BGP, TKR, AG-G), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Toronto Dementia Research Alliance (BMH, BGP, TKR, NPV), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bruce G Pollock
- Department of Psychiatry (KL, NH, CEF, AJF, LM, BHM, BGP, TKR, NPV, AG-G, DG), Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Adult Neurodevelopment and Geriatric Psychiatry Division (BHM, BGP, TKR, AG-G), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Toronto Dementia Research Alliance (BMH, BGP, TKR, NPV), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tarek K Rajji
- Department of Psychiatry (KL, NH, CEF, AJF, LM, BHM, BGP, TKR, NPV, AG-G, DG), Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Adult Neurodevelopment and Geriatric Psychiatry Division (BHM, BGP, TKR, AG-G), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Toronto Dementia Research Alliance (BMH, BGP, TKR, NPV), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shankar Tumati
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group (VF, KL, NH, AK, ST, DG), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nicolaas Paul Verhoeff
- Department of Psychiatry (KL, NH, CEF, AJF, LM, BHM, BGP, TKR, NPV, AG-G, DG), Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry (LM, NPV), Baycrest Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Toronto Dementia Research Alliance (BMH, BGP, TKR, NPV), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Department of Psychiatry (KL, NH, CEF, AJF, LM, BHM, BGP, TKR, NPV, AG-G, DG), Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Adult Neurodevelopment and Geriatric Psychiatry Division (BHM, BGP, TKR, AG-G), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Damien Gallagher
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group (VF, KL, NH, AK, ST, DG), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry (KL, NH, CEF, AJF, LM, BHM, BGP, TKR, NPV, AG-G, DG), Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Sangineto M, Ciarnelli M, Cassano T, Radesco A, Moola A, Bukke VN, Romano A, Villani R, Kanwal H, Capitanio N, Duda L, Avolio C, Serviddio G. Metabolic reprogramming in inflammatory microglia indicates a potential way of targeting inflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Redox Biol 2023; 66:102846. [PMID: 37586250 PMCID: PMC10457454 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia activation drives the pro-inflammatory activity in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanistic basis is elusive, and the hypothesis of targeting microglia to prevent AD onset is little explored. Here, we demonstrated that upon LPS exposure, microglia shift towards an energetic phenotype characterised by high glycolysis and high mitochondrial respiration with dysfunction. Although the activity of electron transport chain (ETC) complexes is boosted by LPS, this is mostly devoted to the generation of reactive oxygen species. We showed that by inhibiting succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) with dimethyl malonate (DMM), it is possible to modulate the LPS-induced metabolic rewiring, facilitating an anti-inflammatory phenotype. DMM improves mitochondrial function in a direct way and by reducing LPS-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. Moreover, the block of SDH with DMM inhibits the recruitment of hypoxia inducible-factor 1 α (HIF-1α), which mediates the induction of glycolysis and cytokine expression. Similar bioenergetic alterations were observed in the microglia isolated from AD mice (3xTg-AD), which present high levels of circulating LPS and brain toll-like receptor4 (TLR4). Moreover, this well-established model of AD was used to show a potential effect of SDH inhibition in vivo as DMM administration abrogated brain inflammation and modulated the microglia metabolic alterations of 3xTg-AD mice. The RNA-sequencing analysis from a public dataset confirmed the consistent transcription of genes encoding for ETC subunits in the microglia of AD mice (5xFAD). In conclusion, TLR4 activation promotes metabolic changes and the pro-inflammatory activity in microglia, and SDH might represent a promising therapeutic target to prevent AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moris Sangineto
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Martina Ciarnelli
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Cassano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Radesco
- Istituto Oncologico "Giovanni Paolo II", I.R.C.S.S. of Bari, Laboratory of Haematological Diagnostics and Cellular Therapy, Bari, Italy
| | - Archana Moola
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vidyasagar Naik Bukke
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonino Romano
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Rosanna Villani
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Hina Kanwal
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Nazzareno Capitanio
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Loren Duda
- Pathology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Carlo Avolio
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gaetano Serviddio
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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31
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Master NG, Markande AR. Importance of microbial amphiphiles: interaction potential of biosurfactants, amyloids, and other exo-polymeric-substances. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:320. [PMID: 37747579 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms produce a diverse group of biomolecules having amphipathic nature (amphiphiles). Microbial amphiphiles, including amyloids, bio-surfactants, and other exo-polymeric substances, play a crucial role in various biological processes and have gained significant attention recently. Although diverse in biochemical composition, these amphiphiles have been reported for common microbial traits like biofilm formation and pathogenicity due to their ability to act as surface active agents with active interfacial properties essential for microbes to grow in various niches. This enables microbes to reduce surface tension, emulsification, dispersion, and attachment at the interface. In this report, the ecological importance and biotechnological usage of important amphiphiles have been discussed. The low molecular weight amphiphiles like biosurfactants, siderophores, and peptides showing helical and antimicrobial activities have been extensively reported for their ability to work as quorum-sensing mediators. While high molecular weight amphiphiles make up amyloid fibers, exopolysaccharides, liposomes, or magnetosomes have been shown to have a significant influence in deciding microbial physiology and survival. In this report, we have discussed the functional similarities and biochemical variations of several amphipathic biomolecules produced by microbes, and the present report shows these amphiphiles showing polyphyletic and ecophysiological groups of microorganisms and hence can `be replaced in biotechnological applications depending on the compatibility of the processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishita G Master
- Department of Biological Sciences, P.D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences (PDPIAS), Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa, Anand, Gujarat, 388421, India
| | - Anoop R Markande
- Department of Biological Sciences, P.D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences (PDPIAS), Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa, Anand, Gujarat, 388421, India.
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32
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Moné Y, Earl JP, Król JE, Ahmed A, Sen B, Ehrlich GD, Lapides JR. Evidence supportive of a bacterial component in the etiology for Alzheimer's disease and for a temporal-spatial development of a pathogenic microbiome in the brain. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1123228. [PMID: 37780846 PMCID: PMC10534976 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1123228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Over the last few decades, a growing body of evidence has suggested a role for various infectious agents in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Despite diverse pathogens (virus, bacteria, fungi) being detected in AD subjects' brains, research has focused on individual pathogens and only a few studies investigated the hypothesis of a bacterial brain microbiome. We profiled the bacterial communities present in non-demented controls and AD subjects' brains. Results We obtained postmortem samples from the brains of 32 individual subjects, comprising 16 AD and 16 control age-matched subjects with a total of 130 samples from the frontal and temporal lobes and the entorhinal cortex. We used full-length 16S rRNA gene amplification with Pacific Biosciences sequencing technology to identify bacteria. We detected bacteria in the brains of both cohorts with the principal bacteria comprising Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) and two species each of Acinetobacter and Comamonas genera. We used a hierarchical Bayesian method to detect differences in relative abundance among AD and control groups. Because of large abundance variances, we also employed a new analysis approach based on the Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithm, used in computational linguistics. This allowed us to identify five sample classes, each revealing a different microbiota. Assuming that samples represented infections that began at different times, we ordered these classes in time, finding that the last class exclusively explained the existence or non-existence of AD. Conclusions The AD-related pathogenicity of the brain microbiome seems to be based on a complex polymicrobial dynamic. The time ordering revealed a rise and fall of the abundance of C. acnes with pathogenicity occurring for an off-peak abundance level in association with at least one other bacterium from a set of genera that included Methylobacterium, Bacillus, Caulobacter, Delftia, and Variovorax. C. acnes may also be involved with outcompeting the Comamonas species, which were strongly associated with non-demented brain microbiota, whose early destruction could be the first stage of disease. Our results are also consistent with a leaky blood-brain barrier or lymphatic network that allows bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other pathogens to enter the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Moné
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centers for Genomic Sciences and Advanced Microbial Processing, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Joshua P Earl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centers for Genomic Sciences and Advanced Microbial Processing, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jarosław E Król
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centers for Genomic Sciences and Advanced Microbial Processing, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Azad Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centers for Genomic Sciences and Advanced Microbial Processing, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Bhaswati Sen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centers for Genomic Sciences and Advanced Microbial Processing, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Garth D Ehrlich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centers for Genomic Sciences and Advanced Microbial Processing, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Lapides
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centers for Genomic Sciences and Advanced Microbial Processing, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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33
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Li Y, Wu M, Kong M, Sui S, Wang Q, He Y, Gu J. Impact of Donepezil Supplementation on Alzheimer's Disease-like Pathology and Gut Microbiome in APP/PS1 Mice. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2306. [PMID: 37764150 PMCID: PMC10537997 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on published information, the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are potentially related to gut microbiota changes. Donepezil hydrochloride (DH), which enhances cholinergic activity by blocking acetylcholinesterase (AChE), is one of the first-line drugs for AD treatment approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the USA. However, the potential link between the effects of DH on the pathophysiological processes of AD and the gut microbiota remains unclear. In this study, pathological changes in the brain and colon, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and AChE, and changes in intestinal flora were observed. The results showed that Aβ deposition in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of AD mice was significantly decreased, while colonic inflammation was significantly alleviated by DH treatment. Concomitantly, SOD activity was significantly improved, while AChE was significantly reduced after DH administration. In addition, the gut microbiota community composition of AD mice was significantly altered after DH treatment. The relative abundance of Akkermansia in the AD group was 54.8% higher than that in the N group. The relative abundance of Akkermansia was increased by 18.3% and 53.8% in the AD_G group and the N_G group, respectively. Interestingly, Akkermansia showed a potential predictive value and might be a biomarker for AD. Molecular docking revealed the binding mode and major forces between DH and membrane proteins of Akkermansia. The overall results suggest a novel therapeutic mechanism for treating AD and highlight the critical role of gut microbiota in AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; (Y.L.); (M.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Mengyao Wu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; (Y.L.); (M.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Mengmeng Kong
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; (Y.L.); (M.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Shaomei Sui
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China; (S.S.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China; (S.S.); (Q.W.)
| | - Yan He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China; (S.S.); (Q.W.)
| | - Jinsong Gu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; (Y.L.); (M.W.); (M.K.)
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Ma L, Jiang X, Huang Q, Chen W, Zhang H, Pei H, Cao Y, Wang H, Li H. Traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: A focus on the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115244. [PMID: 37516021 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most frequent cause of dementia, is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by a progressive decline in cognitive function that is associated with the formation of amyloid beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Gut microbiota comprises of a complex community of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal ecosystem. These microorganisms can participate in gut-brain axis activities, thereby affecting cognitive function and associated behaviours. Increasing evidence has indicated that gut dysbiosis can jeopardise host immune responses and promote inflammation, which may be an initiating factor for the onset and evolution of AD. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a promising resource which encompasses immense chemical diversity and multiple-target characteristics for the treatment of AD. Many TCMs regulate the gut microbiota during treatment of diseases, indicating that gut microbiota may be an important target for TCM efficacy. In this review, we summarised the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the development of AD and the effects of TCM in treating AD by regulating the gut microbiota. We anticipate that this review will provide novel perspectives and strategies for future AD research and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ma
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Xuefan Jiang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Qiaoyi Huang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Wenxuan Chen
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Huiqin Zhang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Hui Pei
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Yu Cao
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Huichan Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Hao Li
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, PR China.
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Uceda S, Echeverry-Alzate V, Reiriz-Rojas M, Martínez-Miguel E, Pérez-Curiel A, Gómez-Senent S, Beltrán-Velasco AI. Gut Microbial Metabolome and Dysbiosis in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Psychobiotics and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as a Therapeutic Approach-A Comprehensive Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13294. [PMID: 37686104 PMCID: PMC10487945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The comprehensive narrative review conducted in this study delves into the mechanisms of communication and action at the molecular level in the human organism. The review addresses the complex mechanism involved in the microbiota-gut-brain axis as well as the implications of alterations in the microbial composition of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. The pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases with neuronal loss or death is analyzed, as well as the mechanisms of action of the main metabolites involved in the bidirectional communication through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. In addition, interventions targeting gut microbiota restructuring through fecal microbiota transplantation and the use of psychobiotics-pre- and pro-biotics-are evaluated as an opportunity to reduce the symptomatology associated with neurodegeneration in these pathologies. This review provides valuable information and facilitates a better understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms to be addressed in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Uceda
- BRABE Group, Psychology Department, School of Life and Nature Sciences, Nebrija University, 28240 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Echeverry-Alzate
- BRABE Group, Psychology Department, School of Life and Nature Sciences, Nebrija University, 28240 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Reiriz-Rojas
- BRABE Group, Psychology Department, School of Life and Nature Sciences, Nebrija University, 28240 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Martínez-Miguel
- Health Department, School of Life and Nature Sciences, Nebrija University, 28240 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Pérez-Curiel
- Health Department, School of Life and Nature Sciences, Nebrija University, 28240 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Gómez-Senent
- Health Department, School of Life and Nature Sciences, Nebrija University, 28240 Madrid, Spain
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Wu S, Zhu Z, Chen M, Huang A, Xie Y, Hu H, Zhang J, Wu Q, Wang J, Ding Y. Comparison of Neuroprotection and Regulating Properties on Gut Microbiota between Selenopeptide Val-Pro-Arg-Lys-Leu-SeMet and Its Native Peptide Val-Pro-Arg-Lys-Leu-Met In Vitro and In Vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:12203-12215. [PMID: 37530172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Selenopeptides are promising candidates for intervening in neuroinflammation; however, the key role of selenium (Se) in selenopeptides remains poorly understood. To address this gap, we compared the neuroprotective effects of selenopeptide Val-Pro-Arg-Lys-Leu-SeMet (namely, Se-P1) and its native peptide Val-Pro-Arg-Lys-Leu-Met (namely, P1). Our results demonstrate that Se-P1 treatment exhibits superior antioxidant and antineuroinflammatory effects in PC12 cells and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-injured mice compared to P1. Moreover, the administration of Se-P1 and P1 resulted in a shift in the gut microbiota composition. Notably, during LPS-induced injury, Se-P1 treatment demonstrated greater stability in maintaining gut microbiota composition compared to P1 treatment. Specifically, Se-P1 may have a positive impact on gut microbiota dysbiosis by modulating inflammatory-related bacteria such as enhancing Lactobacillus abundance while reducing that of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group. Furthermore, the alteration of metabolites induced by Se-P1 treatment exhibited a significant correlation with gut microbiota, subsequently modulating the inflammatory-related metabolic pathways including histidine metabolism, lysine degradation, and purine metabolism. These findings suggest that organic Se contributes to the bioactivities of Se-P1 in mitigating neuroinflammation in LPS-injured mice compared to P1. These findings hold significant value for the development of potential preventive or therapeutic strategies against neurodegenerative diseases and introduce novel concepts in selenopeptide nutrition and supplementation recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhenjun Zhu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Mengfei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Aohuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yizhen Xie
- Guangdong Yuewei Edible Mushroom Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Huiping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Versace S, Pellitteri G, Sperotto R, Tartaglia S, Da Porto A, Catena C, Gigli GL, Cavarape A, Valente M. A State-of-Art Review of the Vicious Circle of Sleep Disorders, Diabetes and Neurodegeneration Involving Metabolism and Microbiota Alterations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10615. [PMID: 37445790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of neurodegenerative disorders, cognitive decline is frequently reported in older population. Recently, numerous metabolic pathways have been implicated in neurodegeneration, including signaling disruption of insulin and other glucose-regulating hormones. In fact, Alzheimer's disease has now been considered as "type-3 diabetes". In this review, we tried to clarify the role of sleep impairment as the third major player in the complex relationship between metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Altered sleep may trigger or perpetuate these vicious mechanisms, leading to the development of both dementia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Finally, we analyzed these reciprocal interactions considering the emerging role of the gut microbiota in modulating the same processes. Conditions of dysbiosis have been linked to circadian rhythm disruption, metabolic alterations, and release of neurotoxic products, all contributing to neurodegeneration. In a future prospective, gut microbiota could provide a major contribution in explaining the tangled relationship between sleep disorders, dementia and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Versace
- Clinical Neurology, Udine University Hospital, Piazza Santa Maria della Misericordia, 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Gaia Pellitteri
- Clinical Neurology, Udine University Hospital, Piazza Santa Maria della Misericordia, 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Roberto Sperotto
- Clinical Neurology, Udine University Hospital, Piazza Santa Maria della Misericordia, 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Sara Tartaglia
- Clinical Neurology, Udine University Hospital, Piazza Santa Maria della Misericordia, 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Da Porto
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Internal Medicine, Udine University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Cristiana Catena
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Internal Medicine, Udine University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Gigli
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cavarape
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Internal Medicine, Udine University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Valente
- Clinical Neurology, Udine University Hospital, Piazza Santa Maria della Misericordia, 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Montagnani M, Bottalico L, Potenza MA, Charitos IA, Topi S, Colella M, Santacroce L. The Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Nervous System: A Bidirectional Interaction between Microorganisms and Metabolome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10322. [PMID: 37373470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that the gut microbiota influences behavior and, in turn, changes in the immune system associated with symptoms of depression or anxiety disorder may be mirrored by corresponding changes in the gut microbiota. Although the composition/function of the intestinal microbiota appears to affect the central nervous system (CNS) activities through multiple mechanisms, accurate epidemiological evidence that clearly explains the connection between the CNS pathology and the intestinal dysbiosis is not yet available. The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a separate branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the largest part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). It is composed of a vast and complex network of neurons which communicate via several neuromodulators and neurotransmitters, like those found in the CNS. Interestingly, despite its tight connections to both the PNS and ANS, the ENS is also capable of some independent activities. This concept, together with the suggested role played by intestinal microorganisms and the metabolome in the onset and progression of CNS neurological (neurodegenerative, autoimmune) and psychopathological (depression, anxiety disorders, autism) diseases, explains the large number of investigations exploring the functional role and the physiopathological implications of the gut microbiota/brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Montagnani
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area-Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Policlinico University Hospital of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- School of Technical Medical Sciences, "Alexander Xhuvani" University of Elbasan, 3001-3006 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Maria Assunta Potenza
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area-Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Policlinico University Hospital of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
- Pneumology and Respiratory Rehabilitation Division, Maugeri Clinical Scientific Research Institutes (IRCCS), 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Skender Topi
- School of Technical Medical Sciences, "Alexander Xhuvani" University of Elbasan, 3001-3006 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Marica Colella
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Microbiology and Virology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Microbiology and Virology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Lukiw WJ. MicroRNA (miRNA) Complexity in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). BIOLOGY 2023; 12:788. [PMID: 37372073 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
AD is a complex, progressive, age-related neurodegenerative disorder representing the most common cause of senile dementia and neurological dysfunction in our elderly domestic population. The widely observed heterogeneity of AD is a reflection of the complexity of the AD process itself and the altered molecular-genetic mechanisms operating in the diseased human brain and CNS. One of the key players in this complex regulation of gene expression in human pathological neurobiology are microRNAs (miRNAs) that, through their actions, shape the transcriptome of brain cells that normally associate with very high rates of genetic activity, gene transcription and messenger RNA (mRNA) generation. The analysis of miRNA populations and the characterization of their abundance, speciation and complexity can further provide valuable clues to our molecular-genetic understanding of the AD process, especially in the sporadic forms of this common brain disorder. Current in-depth analyses of high-quality AD and age- and gender-matched control brain tissues are providing pathophysiological miRNA-based signatures of AD that can serve as a basis for expanding our mechanistic understanding of this disorder and the future design of miRNA- and related RNA-based therapeutics. This focused review will consolidate the findings from multiple laboratories as to which are the most abundant miRNA species, both free and exosome-bound in the human brain and CNS, which miRNA species appear to be the most prominently affected by the AD process and review recent developments and advancements in our understanding of the complexity of miRNA signaling in the hippocampal CA1 region of AD-affected brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter J Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Alchem Biotech Research, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, LSU Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Radagdam S, Khaki-Khatibi F, Rahbarghazi R, Shademan B, Nourazarian SM, Nikanfar M, Nourazarian A. Evaluation of dihydrotestosterone and dihydroprogesterone levels and gene expression of genes involved in neurosteroidogenesis in the SH-SY5Y Alzheimer disease cell model. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1163806. [PMID: 37304028 PMCID: PMC10252120 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1163806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia worldwide. This study investigated the effects of lipopolysaccharide on neurosteroidogenesis and its relationship to growth and differentiation using SH-SY5Y cells. Methods In this study, we used the MTT assay to assess the impact of LPS on SH-SY5Y cell viability. We also evaluated apoptotic effects using FITC Annexin V staining to detect phosphatidylserine in the cell membrane. To identify gene expression related to human neurogenesis, we utilized the RT2 Profiler TM PCR array human neurogenesis PAHS-404Z. Results Our study found that LPS had an IC50 level of 0.25 μg/mL on the SH-SY5Y cell line after 48 h. We observed Aβ deposition in SH-SY5Y cells treated with LPS, and a decrease in DHT and DHP levels in the cells. Our analysis showed that the total rate of apoptosis varied with LPS dilution: 4.6% at 0.1 μg/mL, 10.5% at 10 μg/mL, and 44.1% at 50 μg/mL. We also observed an increase in the expression of several genes involved in human neurogenesis, including ASCL1, BCL2, BDNF, CDK5R1, CDK5RAP2, CREB1, DRD2, HES1, HEYL, NOTCH1, STAT3, and TGFB1, after treatment with LPS at 10 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL. LPS at 50 μg/mL increased the expression of FLNA and NEUROG2, as well as the other genes mentioned. Conclusion Our study showed that LPS treatment altered the expression of human neurogenesis genes and decreased DHT and DHP levels in SH-SY5Y cells. These findings suggest that targeting LPS, DHT, and DHP could be potential therapeutic strategies to treat AD or improve its symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Radagdam
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khaki-Khatibi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behrouz Shademan
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Nikanfar
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Nourazarian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
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Gao J, Yang J, Xue S, Ding H, Lin H, Luo C. A patent review of PRMT5 inhibitors to treat cancer (2018 - present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:265-292. [PMID: 37072380 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2201436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Protein arginine methyltransferases 5 (PRMT5) belongs to type II arginine methyltransferases. Since PRMT5 plays an essential role in mammalian cells, it can regulate various physiological functions, including cell growth and differentiation, DNA damage repair, and cell signal transduction. It is an epigenetic target with significant clinical potential and may become a powerful drug target for treating cancers and other diseases. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of small molecule inhibitors and their associated combined treatment strategies targeting PRMT5 in cancer treatment patents published since 2018, and also summarizes the progress made by several biopharmaceutical companies in the development, application, and clinical trials of small molecule PRMT5 inhibitors. The data in this review come from WIPO, UniProt, PubChem, RCSB PDB, National Cancer Institute, and so on. EXPERT OPINION Many PRMT5 inhibitors have been developed with good inhibitory activities, but most of them lack selectivities and are associated with adverse clinical responses. In addition, the progress was almost all based on the previously established skeleton, and more research and development of a new skeleton still needs to be done. The development of PRMT5 inhibitors with high activities and selectivities is still an essential aspect of research in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Shengyu Xue
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hua Lin
- Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528437, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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Chen W, He L, Pei H, Li J, Zhao Y, Zong Y, Kan H, He Z, Du R. Neuroprotective effect of total flavonoids in stems and leaves of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. on oxidative stress in HT-22 cells and Caenorhabditis elegans. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:5290-5303. [PMID: 37367832 PMCID: PMC10333086 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. is a common traditional Chinese medicine. However, its aerial part is currently not widely studied and used. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of total flavonoids in aerial stems and leaves of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (GSF) by an in vitro LPS-induced HT-22 cell model and an in vivo Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model. In this study, cell apoptosis was evaluated by CCK-8 and Hoechst 33258 staining in LPS-induced HT-22 cells. Meanwhile, ROS level, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and Ca2+ level were detected by the flow cytometer. In vivo, C. elegans was also investigated the effect of GSF on lifespan, spawning, and paralysis. Moreover, the survival of C. elegans to oxidative stimuli (juglone and H2O2), and the nuclear translocation of DAF-16 and SKN-1 were evaluated. The results showed that GSF could inhibit LPS-induced HT-22 cell apoptosis. Moreover, GSF decreased the levels of ROS, MMP, Ca2+, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the activities of SOD and CAT in HT-22 cells. Furthermore, GSF did not affect the lifespan and laying of eggs of C. elegans N2. However, it delayed paralysis in C. elegans CL4176 in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, GSF increased the survival rate of C. elegans CL2006 after juglone and H2O2 treatment, increased SOD and CAT, and decreased MDA levels. Importantly, GSF promoted the nuclear translocation of DAF-16 and SKN-1 in C. elegans TG356 and LC333, respectively. Taken together, GSF can play a protective role in neuronal cells by inhibiting oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Chen
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Lei He
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hongyan Pei
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jianming Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ying Zong
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hong Kan
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhongmei He
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Rui Du
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education of China, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer of China, Changchun 130118, China
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Othman O, Marshall H, Masterson M, Winlow P, Gibson G, Ding Y, Pardon MC. Thymosin beta 4 prevents systemic lipopolysaccharide-induced plaque load in middle-age APP/PS1 mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109951. [PMID: 36878045 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced by the gut during systemic infections and inflammation is thought to contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Since thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4) effectively reduces LPS-induced inflammation in sepsis, we tested its potential to alleviate the impact of LPS in the brain of the APPswePS1dE9 mouse model of AD (APP/PS1) and wildtype (WT) mice. 12.5-month-old male APP/PS1 mice (n = 30) and their WT littermates (n = 29) were tested for baseline food burrowing performance, spatial working memory and exploratory drive in the spontaneous alternation and open-field tests, prior to being challenged with LPS (100ug/kg, i.v.) or its vehicle phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Tβ4 (5 mg/kg, i.v.) or PBS, was administered immediately following and at 2 and 4 h after the PBS or LPS challenge, and then once daily for 6 days (n = 7-8). LPS-induced sickness was assessed though monitoring of changes in body weight and behaviour over a 7-day period. Brains were collected for the determination of amyloid plaque load and reactive gliosis in the hippocampus and cortex. Treatment with Tβ4 alleviated sickness symptoms to a greater extent in APP/PS1 than in WT mice by limiting LPS-induced weight loss and inhibition of food burrowing behaviour. It prevented LPS-induced amyloid burden in APP/PS1 mice but increased astrocytic and microglial proliferation in the hippocampus of LPS-treated WT mice. These data show that Tβ4 can alleviate the adverse effects of systemic LPS in the brain by preventing exacerbation of amyloid deposition in AD mice and by inducing reactive microgliosis in aging WT mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othman Othman
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley Marshall
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Mitchell Masterson
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Poppy Winlow
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Gibson
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Department of Histopathology, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Yuchun Ding
- School of Computer Sciences, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Wollaton Road, Nottingham NG8 1BB, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Christine Pardon
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.
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Azargoonjahromi A. Dual role of nitric oxide in Alzheimer's Disease. Nitric Oxide 2023; 134-135:23-37. [PMID: 37019299 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), an enzymatic product of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), has been associated with a variety of neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). NO has long been thought to contribute to neurotoxic insults caused by neuroinflammation in AD. This perception shifts as more attention is paid to the early stages before cognitive problems manifest. However, it has revealed a compensatory neuroprotective role for NO that protects synapses by increasing neuronal excitability. NO can positively affect neurons by inducing neuroplasticity, neuroprotection, and myelination, as well as having cytolytic activity to reduce inflammation. NO can also induce long-term potentiation (LTP), a process by which synaptic connections among neurons become more potent. Not to mention that such functions give rise to AD protection. Notably, it is unquestionably necessary to conduct more research to clarify NO pathways in neurodegenerative dementias because doing so could help us better understand their pathophysiology and develop more effective treatment options. All these findings bring us to the prevailing notion that NO can be used either as a therapeutic agent in patients afflicted with AD and other memory impairment disorders or as a contributor to the neurotoxic and aggressive factor in AD. In this review, after presenting a general background on AD and NO, various factors that have a pivotal role in both protecting and exacerbating AD and their correlation with NO will be elucidated. Following this, both the neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects of NO on neurons and glial cells among AD cases will be discussed in detail.
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Decandia D, Gelfo F, Landolfo E, Balsamo F, Petrosini L, Cutuli D. Dietary Protection against Cognitive Impairment, Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease Animal Models of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065921. [PMID: 36982996 PMCID: PMC10051444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a rapidly growing epidemic with a heavy social and economic burden. Evidence suggests that systemic inflammation, dysregulation of the immune response and the resulting neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration play a significant role in AD pathogenesis. Currently, given that there is no fully convincing cure for AD, the interest in lifestyle factors (such as diet), which potentially delay onset and reduce the severity of symptoms, is increasing. This review is aimed at summarizing the effects of dietary supplementation on cognitive decline, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in AD-like animal models with a focus on neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection, which mimics systemic inflammation in animals. The compounds reviewed include curcumin, krill oil, chicoric acid, plasmalogens, lycopene, tryptophan-related dipeptides, hesperetin and selenium peptides. Despite the heterogeneity of these compounds, there is a strong consensus on their counteracting action on LPS-induced cognitive deficits and neuroinflammatory responses in rodents by modulating cell-signaling processes, such as the NF-κB pathway. Overall, dietary interventions could represent an important resource to oppose AD due to their influence in neuroprotection and immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Decandia
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gelfo
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Via Plinio 44, 00193 Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenia Landolfo
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Balsamo
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Via Plinio 44, 00193 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Petrosini
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Debora Cutuli
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Yang Y, Yu Q, Li B, Li S, Yang Z, Yuan F, Liu Z. A single dose of lipopolysaccharide elicits autofluorescence in the mouse brain. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1126273. [PMID: 37020861 PMCID: PMC10067636 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1126273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
One hallmark of aging is autofluorescence (AF) in the brain. However, the underlying mechanism for inducing AF remains unknown. This study aims to determine the cause(s) of this phenomenon. The endogenous expression pattern of AF in mice was examined at differing ages. Intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was performed to induce AF. Copper sulfate was applied to remove AF to allow for further immunofluorescence staining. AF appeared in the mouse brain as early as 3 months of age. In the cortex, AF occurs in the lysosomes of microglia, astrocytes, endothelial cells, and oligodendrocyte lineage cells and its prevalence increases with age. Interestingly, AF never occurs in the pericytes of young or aged brains. LPS administration resulted in a rapid and marked induction of brain AF, similar to the normal aging process. Finally, age-related and induced AF can be eliminated by low concentrations of copper sulfate solution. This pre-treatment is safe for aging and lineage tracing studies. These findings depict that AF in the brain could be associated with the innate immune response against Gram-negative bacteria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhuo Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Qingting Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Bin Li
- Zhoushan Institute for Food and Drug Control, Zhoushan, China
| | - Shijia Li
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Zuisu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Falei Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
- Falei Yuan,
| | - Zhongliang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhoushan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongliang Liu,
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Landolfo E, Cutuli D, Decandia D, Balsamo F, Petrosini L, Gelfo F. Environmental Enrichment Protects against Neurotoxic Effects of Lipopolysaccharide: A Comprehensive Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065404. [PMID: 36982478 PMCID: PMC10049264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a pathophysiological condition associated with damage to the nervous system. Maternal immune activation and early immune activation have adverse effects on the development of the nervous system and cognitive functions. Neuroinflammation during adulthood leads to neurodegenerative diseases. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is used in preclinical research to mimic neurotoxic effects leading to systemic inflammation. Environmental enrichment (EE) has been reported to cause a wide range of beneficial changes in the brain. Based on the above, the purpose of the present review is to describe the effects of exposure to EE paradigms in counteracting LPS-induced neuroinflammation throughout the lifespan. Up to October 2022, a methodical search of studies in the literature, using the PubMed and Scopus databases, was performed, focusing on exposure to LPS, as an inflammatory mediator, and to EE paradigms in preclinical murine models. On the basis of the inclusion criteria, 22 articles were considered and analyzed in the present review. EE exerts sex- and age-dependent neuroprotective and therapeutic effects in animals exposed to the neurotoxic action of LPS. EE’s beneficial effects are present throughout the various ages of life. A healthy lifestyle and stimulating environments are essential to counteract the damages induced by neurotoxic exposure to LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Landolfo
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Debora Cutuli
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Decandia
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Balsamo
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Via Plinio 44, 00193 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Petrosini
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gelfo
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Via Plinio 44, 00193 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Mizobuchi H. Oral route lipopolysaccharide as a potential dementia preventive agent inducing neuroprotective microglia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1110583. [PMID: 36969154 PMCID: PMC10033586 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1110583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In today’s aging society, dementia is an urgent problem to be solved because no treatment or preventive methods have been established. This review focuses on oral administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an outer membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria, as a novel preventive drug for dementia. LPS is also called endotoxin and is well known to induce inflammation when administered systemically. On the other hand, although we humans routinely ingest LPS derived from symbiotic bacteria of edible plants, the effect of oral administration of LPS has hardly been studied. Recently, oral administration of LPS was reported to prevent dementia by inducing neuroprotective microglia. Furthermore, it has been suggested that colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) is involved in the dementia prevention mechanism by oral administration of LPS. Thus, in this review, we summarized the previous studies of oral administration of LPS and discussed the predicted dementia prevention mechanism. In addition, we showed the potential of oral LPS administration as a preventive drug for dementia by highlighting research gaps and future issues for clinical application development.
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Beheshtimanesh Z, Rajaei Z. Neuroprotective effects of sesamol against LPS-induced spatial learning and memory deficits are mediated via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in the rat brain. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2023; 13:213-222. [PMID: 37333469 PMCID: PMC10274310 DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2022.21403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Objective Sesamol is a phenolic lignan extracted from sesame seeds, and it possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is known to produce neuroinflammatory responses and memory impairment. The current study aimed to investigate the protective influence of sesamol against LPS-mediated neuroinflammation and memory impairment. Materials and Methods Sesamol (10 and 50 mg/kg) was injected to Wistar rats for two weeks. Then, animals received LPS injection (1 mg/kg) for five days, while treatment with sesamol was performed 30 min before LPS injection. Spatial learning and memory were assessed by the Morris water maze (MWM), two hours after LPS injection on days 15-19. Biochemical assessments were performed after the end of behavioral experiments. Results LPS-administered rats showed spatial learning and memory deficits, since they spent more time in the MWM to find the hidden platform and less time in the target quadrant. Besides these behavioral changes, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and lipid peroxidation levels were increased, while total thiol level was decreased in the hippocampus and/or cerebral cortex. In addition, sesamol treatment (50 mg/kg) for three weeks decreased the escape latency and increased the time on probe trial. Sesamol also reduced lipid peroxidation and TNF-α level, while enhanced total thiol level in the brain of LPS-exposed rats. Conclusion Supplementation of sesamol attenuated learning and memory impairments in LPS-treated rats via antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in the rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ziba Rajaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Nguyen NM, Cho J, Lee C. Gut Microbiota and Alzheimer's Disease: How to Study and Apply Their Relationship. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044047. [PMID: 36835459 PMCID: PMC9958597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota (GM), the microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract, contribute to the regulation of brain homeostasis through bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain. GM disturbance has been discovered to be related to various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) has emerged as an enticing subject not only to understand AD pathology but also to provide novel therapeutic strategies for AD. In this review, the general concept of the MGBA and its impacts on the development and progression of AD are described. Then, diverse experimental approaches for studying the roles of GM in AD pathogenesis are presented. Finally, the MGBA-based therapeutic strategies for AD are discussed. This review provides concise guidance for those who wish to obtain a conceptual and methodological understanding of the GM and AD relationship with an emphasis on its practical application.
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