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Kunčická D, Krajčovič B, Stuchlík A, Brožka H. Neuroscientist's Behavioral Toolbox for Studying Episodic-Like Memory. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0073-24.2024. [PMID: 39214694 PMCID: PMC11366770 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0073-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Episodic memory, the ability to recall specific events and experiences, is a cornerstone of human cognition with profound clinical implications. While animal studies have provided valuable insights into the neuronal underpinnings of episodic memory, research has largely relied on a limited subset of tasks that model only some aspects of episodic memory. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of rodent episodic-like memory tasks that expand the methodological repertoire and diversify the approaches used in episodic-like memory research. These tasks assess various aspects of human episodic memory, such as integrated what-where-when or what-where memory, source memory, free recall, temporal binding, and threshold retrieval dynamics. We review each task's general principle and consider whether alternative non-episodic mechanisms can account for the observed behavior. While our list of tasks is not exhaustive, we hope it will guide researchers in selecting models that align with their specific research objectives, leading to novel advancements and a more comprehensive understanding of mechanisms underlying specific aspects of episodic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Kunčická
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 142 20, Czechia
| | - Branislav Krajčovič
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 150 06, Czechia
| | - Aleš Stuchlík
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 142 20, Czechia
| | - Hana Brožka
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 142 20, Czechia
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Loprinzi PD, Rigdon B, Javadi AH, Kelemen W. EXPRESS: Effects of Acute Exercise Intensity on Source Episodic Memory and Metamemory Accuracy. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2021; 75:2232-2243. [PMID: 34911407 DOI: 10.1177/17470218211069856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prior research suggests that behavioral (e.g., exercise) and psychological factors (e.g., metamemory; monitoring and control of one's memory processes) may influence memory function. However, there is conflicting results on the optimal intensity of acute exercise to enhance memory and whether acute exercise can also enhance metamemory. Further, very limited research has evaluated whether acute exercise can influence source episodic memory. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether there is an intensity-specific effect of acute aerobic exercise on source episodic memory and metamemory accuracy. Thirty young adults participated in a three condition (Control/Moderate/Vigorous-Intensity Exercise), within-subject counterbalanced experimental study. After each intervention, participants completed source episodic memory and metamemory tasks. Results demonstrated that acute exercise, relative to control, was effective in enhancing source episodic memory, but not metamemory accuracy. Vigorous-intensity acute exercise was the most optimal intensity to enhance source episodic memory. Overall, our findings suggest that there is an intensity-specific effect of acute exercise on source episodic memory. Further, when exercise-related improvements in memory occur, young adults may be unaware of these memory benefits from exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Loprinzi
- Associate Professor, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA 8083
| | - Brandon Rigdon
- Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA 8083
| | - Amir-Homayoun Javadi
- Senior Lecturer in Cognitive Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom; Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2240
| | - William Kelemen
- Professor and Chair, Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA 7174
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Roe JM, Vidal-Piñeiro D, Sneve MH, Kompus K, Greve DN, Walhovd KB, Fjell AM, Westerhausen R. Age-Related Differences in Functional Asymmetry During Memory Retrieval Revisited: No Evidence for Contralateral Overactivation or Compensation. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:1129-1147. [PMID: 31408102 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain asymmetry is inherent to cognitive processing and seems to reflect processing efficiency. Lower frontal asymmetry is often observed in older adults during memory retrieval, yet it is unclear whether lower asymmetry implies an age-related increase in contralateral recruitment, whether less asymmetry reflects compensation, is limited to frontal regions, or predicts neurocognitive stability or decline. We assessed age-related differences in asymmetry across the entire cerebral cortex, using functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 89 young and 76 older adults during successful retrieval, and surface-based methods allowing direct homotopic comparison of activity between cortical hemispheres . An extensive left-asymmetric network facilitated retrieval in both young and older adults, whereas diverse frontal and parietal regions exhibited lower asymmetry in older adults. However, lower asymmetry was not associated with age-related increases in contralateral recruitment but primarily reflected either less deactivation in contralateral regions reliably signaling retrieval failure in the young or lower recruitment of the dominant hemisphere-suggesting that functional deficits may drive lower asymmetry in older brains, not compensatory activity. Lower asymmetry predicted neither current memory performance nor the extent of memory change across the preceding ~ 8 years in older adults. Together, these findings are inconsistent with a compensation account for lower asymmetry during retrieval and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Roe
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Didac Vidal-Piñeiro
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Markus H Sneve
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristiina Kompus
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Douglas N Greve
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/ Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine B Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders M Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - René Westerhausen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
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Nie A, Ke C, Guo B, Li M, Xiao Y. Collaborative memory for categorized lists: ongoing and lasting effects are sensitive to episodic memory tasks. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01684-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cansino S, Torres-Trejo F, Estrada-Manilla C, Pérez-Loyda M, Ramírez-Barajas L, Hernández-Ladrón-deGuevara M, Nava-Chaparro A, Ruiz-Velasco S. Predictors of Working Memory Maintenance and Decline in Older Adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 89:104074. [PMID: 32416462 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aging process is associated with the gradual decline of several cognitive functions, and working memory is particularly affected. Although the majority of older adults experience a deterioration of their working memory, some individuals maintain their working memory in older age, and some suffer an extreme deterioration of their working memory. The purpose of the present study was to identify, among a total of 120 potential predictors, those that significantly contributed to these two extreme outcomes in working memory. A sample of 588 healthy adults was examined with the n-back task in the spatial and verbal domains using a 2-back level of difficulty. Individuals were classified as working memory maintainers or decliners if their discrimination level in the two domains was superior to the 80th percentile or inferior to the 20th percentile, respectively. Logistic regression identified eight and six significant predictors of working memory maintenance and decline, respectively. High vocabulary scores and smoking more were significant predictors of working memory maintenance; however, in the opposite direction, these same variables predicted working memory decline. Several consumption habits that influenced cerebrovascular function were found in both models. Psychological traits and everyday activities were present in both models. We identified specific predictors that contribute to extremely high or low working memory performance in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Cansino
- Laboratory of NeuroCognition, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
| | - Frine Torres-Trejo
- Laboratory of NeuroCognition, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Cinthya Estrada-Manilla
- Laboratory of NeuroCognition, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Miguel Pérez-Loyda
- Laboratory of NeuroCognition, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Liuba Ramírez-Barajas
- Laboratory of NeuroCognition, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Aidé Nava-Chaparro
- Laboratory of NeuroCognition, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Silvia Ruiz-Velasco
- Department o Probability and Statistics, Applied Mathematics and Systems Research Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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