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Shah DK, Pereira S, Lodygensky GA. Long-Term Neurologic Consequences following Fetal Growth Restriction: The Impact on Brain Reserve. Dev Neurosci 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38740013 DOI: 10.1159/000539266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal growth restriction (FGR) corresponds to the fetus's inability to achieve an adequate weight gain based on genetic potential and gestational age. It is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. SUMMARY In this review, we address the challenges of diagnosis and classification of FGR. We review how chronic fetal hypoxia impacts brain development. We describe recent advances on placental and fetal brain imaging using magnetic resonance imaging and how they offer new noninvasive means to study growth restriction in humans. We go on to review the impact of FGR on brain integrity in the neonatal period, later childhood, and adulthood and review available therapies. KEY MESSAGES FGR consequences are not limited to the perinatal period. We hypothesize that impaired brain reserve, as defined by structure and size, may predict some concerning epidemiological data of impaired cognitive outcomes and dementia with aging in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyen K Shah
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Neonatal Intensive Care, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Susana Pereira
- Obstetrics and Maternity Care, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Gregory A Lodygensky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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2
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Lu L, Shi Y, Wei B, Li W, Yu X, Zhao Y, Yu D, Sun M. YTHDF3 modulates the Cbln1 level by recruiting BTG2 and is implicated in the impaired cognition of prenatal hypoxia offspring. iScience 2024; 27:108703. [PMID: 38205248 PMCID: PMC10776956 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The "Fetal Origins of Adult Disease (FOAD)" hypothesis holds that adverse factors during pregnancy can increase the risk of chronic diseases in offspring. Here, we investigated the effects of prenatal hypoxia (PH) on brain structure and function in adult offspring and explored the role of the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) pathway. The results suggest that abnormal cognition in PH offspring may be related to the dysregulation of the m6A pathway, specifically increased levels of YTHDF3 in the hippocampus. YTHDF3 interacts with BTG2 and is involved in the decay of Cbln1 mRNA, leading to the down-regulation of Cbln1 expression. Deficiency of Cbln1 may contribute to abnormal synaptic function, which in turn causes cognitive impairment in PH offspring. This study provides a scientific clues for understanding the mechanisms of impaired cognition in PH offspring and provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of cognitive impairment in offspring exposed to PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likui Lu
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yajun Shi
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weisheng Li
- Department of Gynaecology, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongyi Yu
- Center for Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Genetic, Medicine of Shandong Health Commission, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Miao Sun
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu, China
- Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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3
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Fischer M, Lövdén M, Nilsson T, Seblova D. Very Early-Life Risk Factors for Developing Dementia: Evidence From Full Population Registers. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2023; 78:2131-2140. [PMID: 37756487 PMCID: PMC10699746 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbad142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Very early-life conditions are recognized as critical for healthy brain development. This study assesses early-life risk factors for developing dementia. In the absence of historical medical birth records, we leverage an alternative full population approach using demographic characteristics obtained from administrative data to derive proxy indicators for birth complications and unfavorable birth outcomes. We use proxy variables to investigate the impact of early-life risk factors on dementia risk. METHODS We use administrative individual-level data for full cohorts born 1932-1950 in Sweden with multigenerational linkages. Records on hospitalization and mortality are used to identify dementia cases. We derive 3 birth risk factors based on demographic characteristics: advanced maternal age, narrow sibling spacing, and twin births, and apply survival analysis to evaluate long-term effects on dementia risk. We control for confounding using multiple indicators for socio-economic status (SES), including parental surnames, and by implementing a sibling design. As comparison exposure, we add low education from the 1970 Census. RESULTS The presence of at least 1 birth risk factor increases dementia risk (HR = 1.059; 95% CI: 1.034, 1.085). The occurrence of twin births poses a particularly heightened risk (HR = 1.166; 95% CI: 1.084, 1.255). DISCUSSION Improvements to the very early-life environment hold significant potential to mitigate dementia risk. A comparison to the influence of low education on dementia (the largest known modifiable risk factor) suggests that demographic birth characteristics are of relevant effect sizes. Our findings underscore the relevance of providing assistance for births experiencing complications and adverse health outcomes to reduce dementia cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fischer
- Department of Clinical Sciences/Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Skåne County, Sweden
- RWI—Leibniz Institute for Economic Research, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Lövdén
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Västra Götaland County, Sweden
| | - Therese Nilsson
- Department of Economics, Lund University, Lund, Skåne County, Sweden
- Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN), Stockholm, Stockholm County, Sweden
| | - Dominika Seblova
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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4
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Sudwarts A, Thinakaran G. Alzheimer's genes in microglia: a risk worth investigating. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:90. [PMID: 37986179 PMCID: PMC10662636 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00679-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite expressing many key risk genes, the role of microglia in late-onset Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology is somewhat ambiguous, with various phenotypes reported to be either harmful or protective. Herein, we review some key findings from clinical and animal model investigations, discussing the role of microglial genetics in mediating perturbations from homeostasis. We note that impairment to protective phenotypes may include prolonged or insufficient microglial activation, resulting in dysregulated metabolomic (notably lipid-related) processes, compounded by age-related inflexibility in dynamic responses. Insufficiencies of mouse genetics and aggressive transgenic modelling imply severe limitations in applying current methodologies for aetiological investigations. Despite the shortcomings, widely used amyloidosis and tauopathy models of the disease have proven invaluable in dissecting microglial functional responses to AD pathophysiology. Some recent advances have brought modelling tools closer to human genetics, increasing the validity of both aetiological and translational endeavours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Sudwarts
- Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | - Gopal Thinakaran
- Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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5
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Islam M, Behura SK. Role of caveolin-1 in metabolic programming of fetal brain. iScience 2023; 26:107710. [PMID: 37720105 PMCID: PMC10500482 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice lacking caveolin-1 (Cav1), a key protein of plasma membrane, exhibit brain aging at an early adult stage. Here, integrative analyses of metabolomics, transcriptomics, epigenetics, and single-cell data were performed to test the hypothesis that metabolic deregulation of fetal brain due to the ablation of Cav1 is linked to brain aging in these mice. The results of this study show that lack of Cav1 caused deregulation in the lipid and amino acid metabolism in the fetal brain, and genes associated with these deregulated metabolites were significantly altered in the brain upon aging. Moreover, ablation of Cav1 deregulated several metabolic genes in specific cell types of the fetal brain and impacted DNA methylation of those genes in coordination with mouse epigenetic clock. The findings of this study suggest that the aging program of brain is confounded by metabolic abnormalities in the fetal stage due to the absence of Cav1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliha Islam
- Division of Animal Sciences, 920 East Campus Drive, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Susanta K. Behura
- Division of Animal Sciences, 920 East Campus Drive, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- MU Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Interdisciplinary Reproduction and Health Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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6
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Mitroshina EV, Krivonosov MI, Pakhomov AM, Yarullina LE, Gavrish MS, Mishchenko TA, Yarkov RS, Vedunova MV. Unravelling the Collective Calcium Dynamics of Physiologically Aged Astrocytes under a Hypoxic State In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12286. [PMID: 37569663 PMCID: PMC10419080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes serve many functions in the brain related to maintaining nerve tissue homeostasis and regulating neuronal function, including synaptic transmission. It is assumed that astrocytes are crucial players in determining the physiological or pathological outcome of the brain aging process and the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, studies on the peculiarities of astrocyte physiology and interastrocytic signaling during aging are of utmost importance. Calcium waves are one of the main mechanisms of signal transmission between astrocytes, and in the present study we investigated the features of calcium dynamics in primary cultures of murine cortical astrocytes in physiological aging and hypoxia modeling in vitro. Specifically, we focused on the assessment of calcium network dynamics and the restructuring of the functional network architecture in primary astrocytic cultures. Calcium imaging was performed on days 21 ("young" astrocyte group) and 150 ("old" astrocyte group) of cultures' development in vitro. While the number of active cells and frequency of calcium events were decreased, we observed a reduced degree of correlation in calcium dynamics between neighboring cells, which was accompanied by a reduced number of functionally connected cells with fewer and slower signaling events. At the same time, an increase in the mRNA expression of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 and connexin 43 was observed in "old" astrocytic cultures, which can be considered as a compensatory response of cells with a decreased level of intercellular communication. A hypoxic episode aggravates the depression of the connectivity of calcium dynamics of "young" astrocytes rather than that of "old" ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Mitroshina
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.V.M.); (A.M.P.); (L.E.Y.); (M.S.G.); (T.A.M.); (R.S.Y.)
| | - Mikhail I. Krivonosov
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.V.M.); (A.M.P.); (L.E.Y.); (M.S.G.); (T.A.M.); (R.S.Y.)
| | - Alexander M. Pakhomov
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.V.M.); (A.M.P.); (L.E.Y.); (M.S.G.); (T.A.M.); (R.S.Y.)
- Federal Research Center Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP RAS), 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Laysan E. Yarullina
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.V.M.); (A.M.P.); (L.E.Y.); (M.S.G.); (T.A.M.); (R.S.Y.)
| | - Maria S. Gavrish
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.V.M.); (A.M.P.); (L.E.Y.); (M.S.G.); (T.A.M.); (R.S.Y.)
| | - Tatiana A. Mishchenko
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.V.M.); (A.M.P.); (L.E.Y.); (M.S.G.); (T.A.M.); (R.S.Y.)
| | - Roman S. Yarkov
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.V.M.); (A.M.P.); (L.E.Y.); (M.S.G.); (T.A.M.); (R.S.Y.)
| | - Maria V. Vedunova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (E.V.M.); (A.M.P.); (L.E.Y.); (M.S.G.); (T.A.M.); (R.S.Y.)
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7
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Kremsky I, Ma Q, Li B, Dasgupta C, Chen X, Ali S, Angeloni S, Wang C, Zhang L. Fetal hypoxia results in sex- and cell type-specific alterations in neonatal transcription in rat oligodendrocyte precursor cells, microglia, neurons, and oligodendrocytes. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:58. [PMID: 36932456 PMCID: PMC10022003 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal hypoxia causes vital, systemic, developmental malformations in the fetus, particularly in the brain, and increases the risk of diseases in later life. We previously demonstrated that fetal hypoxia exposure increases the susceptibility of the neonatal brain to hypoxic-ischemic insult. Herein, we investigate the effect of fetal hypoxia on programming of cell-specific transcriptomes in the brain of neonatal rats. RESULTS We obtained RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from neurons, microglia, oligodendrocytes, A2B5+ oligodendrocyte precursor cells, and astrocytes from male and female neonatal rats subjected either to fetal hypoxia or control conditions. Substantial transcriptomic responses to fetal hypoxia occurred in neurons, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and A2B5+ cells. Not only were the transcriptomic responses unique to each cell type, but they also occurred with a great deal of sexual dimorphism. We validated differential expression of several genes related to inflammation and cell death by Real-time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Pathway and transcription factor motif analyses suggested that the NF-kappa B (NFκB) signaling pathway was enriched in the neonatal male brain due to fetal hypoxia, and we verified this result by transcription factor assay of NFκB-p65 in whole brain. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals a significant impact of fetal hypoxia on the transcriptomes of neonatal brains in a cell-specific and sex-dependent manner, and provides mechanistic insights that may help explain the development of hypoxic-ischemic sensitive phenotypes in the neonatal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Kremsky
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Center for Genomics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Qingyi Ma
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Chiranjib Dasgupta
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Center for Genomics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Samir Ali
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Shawnee Angeloni
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Charles Wang
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Center for Genomics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA. .,Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
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8
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Anderson G. Depression Pathophysiology: Astrocyte Mitochondrial Melatonergic Pathway as Crucial Hub. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010350. [PMID: 36613794 PMCID: PMC9820523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is widely accepted as having a heterogenous pathophysiology involving a complex mixture of systemic and CNS processes. A developmental etiology coupled to genetic and epigenetic risk factors as well as lifestyle and social process influences add further to the complexity. Consequently, antidepressant treatment is generally regarded as open to improvement, undoubtedly as a consequence of inappropriately targeted pathophysiological processes. This article reviews the diverse array of pathophysiological processes linked to MDD, and integrates these within a perspective that emphasizes alterations in mitochondrial function, both centrally and systemically. It is proposed that the long-standing association of MDD with suppressed serotonin availability is reflective of the role of serotonin as a precursor for the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway. Astrocytes, and the astrocyte mitochondrial melatonergic pathway, are highlighted as crucial hubs in the integration of the wide array of biological underpinnings of MDD, including gut dysbiosis and permeability, as well as developmental and social stressors, which can act to suppress the capacity of mitochondria to upregulate the melatonergic pathway, with consequences for oxidant-induced changes in patterned microRNAs and subsequent patterned gene responses. This is placed within a development context, including how social processes, such as discrimination, can physiologically regulate a susceptibility to MDD. Future research directions and treatment implications are derived from this.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Anderson
- CRC Scotland & London, Eccleston Square, London SW1V 1PX, UK
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9
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Genetically modified mice for research on human diseases: A triumph for Biotechnology or a work in progress? THE EUROBIOTECH JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/ebtj-2022-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Genetically modified mice are engineered as models for human diseases. These mouse models include inbred strains, mutants, gene knockouts, gene knockins, and ‘humanized’ mice. Each mouse model is engineered to mimic a specific disease based on a theory of the genetic basis of that disease. For example, to test the amyloid theory of Alzheimer’s disease, mice with amyloid precursor protein genes are engineered, and to test the tau theory, mice with tau genes are engineered. This paper discusses the importance of mouse models in basic research, drug discovery, and translational research, and examines the question of how to define the “best” mouse model of a disease. The critiques of animal models and the caveats in translating the results from animal models to the treatment of human disease are discussed. Since many diseases are heritable, multigenic, age-related and experience-dependent, resulting from multiple gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, it will be essential to develop mouse models that reflect these genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors from a developmental perspective. Such models would provide further insight into disease emergence, progression and the ability to model two-hit and multi-hit theories of disease. The summary examines the biotechnology for creating genetically modified mice which reflect these factors and how they might be used to discover new treatments for complex human diseases such as cancers, neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases.
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10
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Panayotacopoulou MT, Papageorgiou I, Pagida M, Katsogridaki AE, Chrysanthou-Piterou M, Valous NA, Halama N, Patsouris E, Konstantinidou AE. Microglia Activation in the Midbrain of the Human Neonate: The Effect of Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2022; 81:208-224. [PMID: 35092294 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlab135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia (PHI) is a major risk factor for the development of neuropsychiatric deficits later in life. We previously reported that after prolonged PHI, the dopaminergic neurons of the human neonate showed a dramatic reduction of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the substantia nigra, without important signs of neuronal degeneration despite the significant reduction in their cell size. Since microglia activation could precede neuronal death, we now investigated 2 microglia activation markers, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), and the phagocytosis marker Cd68. The highest Iba1 immunoreactivity was found in neonates with neuropathological lesions of severe/abrupt PHI, while the lowest in subjects with moderate/prolonged or older PHI. Subjects with very severe/prolonged or chronic PHI showed an increased Iba1 expression and very activated microglial morphology. Heavy attachment of microglia on TH neurons and remarkable expression of Cd68 were also observed indicating phagocytosis in this group. Females appear to express more Iba1 than males, suggesting a gender difference in microglia maturation and immune reactivity after PHI insult. PHI-induced microglial "priming" during the sensitive for brain development perinatal/neonatal period, in combination with genetic or other epigenetic factors, could predispose the survivors to neuropsychiatric disorders later in life, possibly through a sexually dimorphic way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Panayotacopoulou
- From the Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (MTP, MP, AEK, MC-P).,University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "Kostas Stefanis", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (MTP, MP, AEK, MC-P, EP)
| | - Ismini Papageorgiou
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Jena, Jena, Germany (IP).,Institute of Radiology, Südharz Hospital Nordhausen, Nordhausen, Germany (IP)
| | - Marianna Pagida
- From the Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (MTP, MP, AEK, MC-P).,University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "Kostas Stefanis", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (MTP, MP, AEK, MC-P, EP)
| | - Alexandra E Katsogridaki
- From the Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (MTP, MP, AEK, MC-P).,University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "Kostas Stefanis", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (MTP, MP, AEK, MC-P, EP)
| | - Margarita Chrysanthou-Piterou
- From the Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (MTP, MP, AEK, MC-P).,University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "Kostas Stefanis", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (MTP, MP, AEK, MC-P, EP)
| | - Nektarios A Valous
- Applied Tumor Immunity Clinical Cooperation Unit, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (NAV)
| | - Niels Halama
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg, Germany (NH).,Division of Translational Immunotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (NH)
| | - Efstratios Patsouris
- University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "Kostas Stefanis", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (MTP, MP, AEK, MC-P, EP).,1st Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (EP, AEK)
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11
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Shen G, Hu S, Zhao Z, Zhang L, Ma Q. C-Type Natriuretic Peptide Ameliorates Vascular Injury and Improves Neurological Outcomes in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168966. [PMID: 34445671 PMCID: PMC8396645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is an important vascular regulator that is present in the brain. Our previous study demonstrated the innate neuroprotectant role of CNP in the neonatal brain after hypoxic-ischemic (HI) insults. In this study, we further explored the role of CNP in cerebrovascular pathology using both in vivo and in vitro models. In a neonatal mouse HI brain injury model, we found that intracerebroventricular administration of recombinant CNP dose-dependently reduces brain infarct size. CNP significantly decreases brain edema and immunoglobulin G (IgG) extravasation into the brain tissue, suggesting a vasculoprotective effect of CNP. Moreover, in primary brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), CNP dose-dependently protects BMEC survival and monolayer integrity against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). The vasculoprotective effect of CNP is mediated by its innate receptors NPR2 and NPR3, in that inhibition of either NPR2 or NPR3 counteracts the protective effect of CNP on IgG leakage after HI insult and BMEC survival under OGD. Of importance, CNP significantly ameliorates brain atrophy and improves neurological deficits after HI insults. Altogether, the present study indicates that recombinant CNP exerts vascular protection in neonatal HI brain injury via its innate receptors, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of neonatal HI brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Shen
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (G.S.); (S.H.); (L.Z.)
| | - Shirley Hu
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (G.S.); (S.H.); (L.Z.)
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | - Lubo Zhang
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (G.S.); (S.H.); (L.Z.)
| | - Qingyi Ma
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (G.S.); (S.H.); (L.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-909-558-4325; Fax: +1-909-558-4029
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