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Mitroshina EV, Vedunova MV. The Role of Oxygen Homeostasis and the HIF-1 Factor in the Development of Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4581. [PMID: 38731800 PMCID: PMC11083463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular underpinnings of neurodegeneration processes is a pressing challenge for medicine and neurobiology. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) represent the most prevalent forms of neurodegeneration. To date, a substantial body of experimental evidence has strongly implicated hypoxia in the pathogenesis of numerous neurological disorders, including AD, PD, and other age-related neurodegenerative conditions. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a transcription factor that triggers a cell survival program in conditions of oxygen deprivation. The involvement of HIF-1α in neurodegenerative processes presents a complex and sometimes contradictory picture. This review aims to elucidate the current understanding of the interplay between hypoxia and the development of AD and PD, assess the involvement of HIF-1 in their pathogenesis, and summarize promising therapeutic approaches centered on modulating the activity of the HIF-1 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Mitroshina
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia;
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Ding Y, Liu Q. Targeting the nucleic acid oxidative damage repair enzyme MTH1: a promising therapeutic option. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1334417. [PMID: 38357002 PMCID: PMC10864502 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1334417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a pivotal role in the development of various diseases, including cancer. Elevated ROS levels cause oxidative stress, resulting in detrimental effects on organisms and enabling tumors to develop adaptive responses. Targeting these enhanced oxidative stress protection mechanisms could offer therapeutic benefits with high specificity, as normal cells exhibit lower dependency on these pathways. MTH1 (mutT homolog 1), a homolog of Escherichia coli's MutT, is crucial in this context. It sanitizes the nucleotide pool, preventing incorporation of oxidized nucleotides, thus safeguarding DNA integrity. This study explores MTH1's potential as a therapeutic target, particularly in cancer treatment, providing insights into its structure, function, and role in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qingquan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Jiangxi, China
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Fan YG, Wu TY, Zhao LX, Jia RJ, Ren H, Hou WJ, Wang ZY. From zinc homeostasis to disease progression: Unveiling the neurodegenerative puzzle. Pharmacol Res 2024; 199:107039. [PMID: 38123108 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is a crucial trace element in the human body, playing a role in various physiological processes such as oxidative stress, neurotransmission, protein synthesis, and DNA repair. The zinc transporters (ZnTs) family members are responsible for exporting intracellular zinc, while Zrt- and Irt-like proteins (ZIPs) are involved in importing extracellular zinc. These processes are essential for maintaining cellular zinc homeostasis. Imbalances in zinc metabolism have been linked to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Disruptions in zinc levels can impact the survival and activity of neurons, thereby contributing to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases through mechanisms like cell apoptosis regulation, protein phase separation, ferroptosis, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Therefore, conducting a systematic review of the regulatory network of zinc and investigating the relationship between zinc dysmetabolism and neurodegenerative diseases can enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases. Additionally, it may offer new insights and approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Gang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Ting-Yao Wu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Rong-Jun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Hang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Wen-Jia Hou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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Liu G, Yang C, Wang X, Chen X, Wang Y, Le W. Oxygen metabolism abnormality and Alzheimer's disease: An update. Redox Biol 2023; 68:102955. [PMID: 37956598 PMCID: PMC10665957 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen metabolism abnormality plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) via several mechanisms, including hypoxia, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Hypoxia condition usually results from living in a high-altitude habitat, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and chronic obstructive sleep apnea. Chronic hypoxia has been identified as a significant risk factor for AD, showing an aggravation of various pathological components of AD, such as amyloid β-protein (Aβ) metabolism, tau phosphorylation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. It is known that hypoxia and excessive hyperoxia can both result in oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction can increase Aβ and tau phosphorylation, and Aβ and tau proteins can lead to redox imbalance, thus forming a vicious cycle and exacerbating AD pathology. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a non-invasive intervention known for its capacity to significantly enhance cerebral oxygenation levels, which can significantly attenuate Aβ aggregation, tau phosphorylation, and neuroinflammation. However, further investigation is imperative to determine the optimal oxygen pressure, duration of exposure, and frequency of HBOT sessions. In this review, we explore the prospects of oxygen metabolism in AD, with the aim of enhancing our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms in AD. Current research aimed at attenuating abnormalities in oxygen metabolism holds promise for providing novel therapeutic approaches for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangdong Liu
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Cui Yang
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Yanjiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Weidong Le
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China.
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Shen H, Yang J, Chen X, Gao Y, He B. Role of hypoxia-inducible factor in postoperative delirium of aged patients: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35441. [PMID: 37773821 PMCID: PMC10545271 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative delirium is common, especially in older patients. Delirium is associated with prolonged hospitalization, an increased risk of postoperative complications, and significant mortality. The mechanism of postoperative delirium is not yet clear. Cerebral desaturation occurred during the maintenance period of general anesthesia and was one of the independent risk factors for postoperative delirium, especially in the elderly. Hypoxia stimulates the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), which controls the hypoxic response. HIF-1 may have a protective role in regulating neuron apoptosis in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia brain damage and may promote the repair and rebuilding process in the brain that was damaged by hypoxia and ischemia. HIF-1 has a neuroprotective effect during cerebral hypoxia and controls the hypoxic response by regulating multiple pathways, such as glucose metabolism, angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, and cell survival. On the other hand, anesthetics have been reported to inhibit HIF activity in older patients. So, we speculate that HIF plays an important role in the pathophysiology of postoperative delirium in the elderly. The activity of HIF is reduced by anesthetics, leading to the inhibition of brain protection in a hypoxic state. This review summarizes the possible mechanism of HIF participating in postoperative delirium in elderly patients and provides ideas for finding targets to prevent or treat postoperative delirium in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianyin Yang
- Department of ICU, Chengdu Xinjin District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Baoming He
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Yang YY, Ren YT, Jia MY, Bai CY, Liang XT, Gao HL, Zhong ML, Wang T, Guo C. The human islet amyloid polypeptide reduces hippocampal tauopathy and behavioral impairments in P301S mice without inducing neurotoxicity or seeding amyloid aggregation. Exp Neurol 2023; 362:114346. [PMID: 36750170 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that human islet amyloid polypeptide (h-IAPP) accumulates in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and may interact with Aβ or microtubule associated protein tau to associate with the neurodegenerative process. Increasing evidence indicates a potential protective effect of h-IAPP against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in AD mouse models. However, a direct therapeutic effect of h-IAPP supplementation on tauopathy has not been established. Here, we found that long-term h-IAPP treatment attenuated tau hyperphosphorylation levels and induced neuroinflammation and oxidative damage, prevented synaptic loss and neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus, and alleviated behavioral deficits in P301S transgenic mice (a mouse model of tauopathy). Restoration of insulin sensitization, glucose/energy metabolism, and activated BDNF signaling also contributed to the underlying mechanisms. These findings suggest that seemly h-IAPP has promise for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders with tauopathy, such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China; Liaoning Cheng Da Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenyang 110179, China
| | - Yan-Tao Ren
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Meng-Yu Jia
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China; Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Chen-Yang Bai
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China; Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Xiu-Ting Liang
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China; Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Hui-Ling Gao
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Man-Li Zhong
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Chuang Guo
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China; Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China.
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Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by CY-09 Helps to Restore Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in 3×Tg-AD Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030722. [PMID: 36978970 PMCID: PMC10045645 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The reduction of the cerebral glucose metabolism is closely related to the activation of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this paper, 18F-flurodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography was used to trace cerebral glucose metabolism in vivo, along with Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays to examine the expression and distribution of associated proteins. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were carried out to detect insulin resistance, and the Morris water maze was used to test the spatial learning and memory ability of the mice. The results show increased NLRP3 inflammasome activation, elevated insulin resistance, and decreased glucose metabolism in 3×Tg-AD mice. Inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation using CY-09, a specific inhibitor for NLRP3, may restore cerebral glucose metabolism by increasing the expression and distribution of glucose transporters and enzymes and attenuating insulin resistance in AD mice. Moreover, CY-09 helps to improve AD pathology and relieve cognitive impairment in these mice. Although CY-09 has no significant effect on ferroptosis, it can effectively reduce fatty acid synthesis and lipid peroxidation. These findings provide new evidence for NLRP3 inflammasome as a therapeutic target for AD, suggesting that CY-09 may be a potential drug for the treatment of this disease.
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Altunina N, Bondarchuk O. EFFECTS OF ALPHA-LIPOIC ACID ON GLYCEMIC STATUS IN 2 TYPE DIABETES PATIENTS WITH СHRONIC CORONARY SYNDROME. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2023; 75:3074-3079. [PMID: 36723330 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202212131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: To study the possibilities of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) to control the parameters of carbohydrate metabolism. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: We examined 80 people with type 2 DM and coronary heart disease who suffered non-Q-myocardial infarction (non-Q-MI). All patients at the time of inclusion in the study received oral hypoglycemic agents, ACE inhibitor, β-blocker, statin and antiplatelet agent. 600 mg of ALA per day for 4 months was added to this treatment. After checking the patients for compliance with the criteria, they were divided into the main and experimental groups. The dosage of alpha-lipoic acid was determined for each of the groups. The results of the treatment were analyzed by determining the mean and standard deviations. RESULTS Results: At the end of the observation period, a significant decrease in the level of fasting glucose (FG) by 11.6% was found, which corresponded to the average size of the clinical effect. The values of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and the insulin resistance index HOMA (HOMA-IR) showed only a tendency to decrease on the background of treatment. The effect of ALA on postprandial glycemia (PPG) and insulin levels was not detected in this study. CONCLUSION Conclusions: An additional 4-month dose of ALA in addition to baseline therapy showed a moderate effect on the decrease in FG concentration in the absence of significant dynamics in other parameters of glycemic control in the examined patients.
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Khan H, Singh TG, Dahiya RS, Abdel-Daim MM. α-Lipoic Acid, an Organosulfur Biomolecule a Novel Therapeutic Agent for Neurodegenerative Disorders: An Mechanistic Perspective. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1853-1864. [PMID: 35445914 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03598-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipoic acid (α-LA) (1,2-dithiolane3-pentanoic acid (C8H14O2S2) is also called thioctic acid with an oxidized (disulfide, LA) and a reduced (di-thiol: dihydro-lipoic acid, DHLA) form of LA. α-LA is a potent anti-oxidative agent that has a significant potential to treat neurodegenerative disorders. α-LA is both hydrophilic and hydrophobic in nature. It is widely distributed in plants and animals in cellular membranes and in the cytosol, which is responsible for LA's action in both the cytosol and plasma membrane. A systematic literature review of Bentham, Scopus, PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases was carried out to understand the Nature and mechanistic interventions of the α-Lipoic acid for central nervous system diseases. Moreover, α-LA readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, which is a significant factor for CNS activities. The mechanisms of α-LA reduction are highly tissue-specific. α-LA produces its neuroprotective effect by inhibiting reactive oxygen species formation and neuronal damage, modulating protein levels, and promoting neurotransmitters and anti-oxidant levels. Hence, the execution of α-LA as a therapeutic ingredient in the therapy of neurodegenerative disorders is promising. Finally, based on evidence, it can be concluded that α-LA can prevent diseases related to the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401, Punjab, India
| | | | | | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, 21442, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
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α-Lipoic Acid Strengthens the Antioxidant Barrier and Reduces Oxidative, Nitrosative, and Glycative Damage, as well as Inhibits Inflammation and Apoptosis in the Hypothalamus but Not in the Cerebral Cortex of Insulin-Resistant Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7450514. [PMID: 35391928 PMCID: PMC8983239 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7450514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The research determined the role of α-lipoic acid (ALA) in reducing the brain manifestations of insulin resistance. The mechanism of ALA action is mainly based on its ability to “scavenge” oxygen free radicals and stimulate biosynthesis of reduced glutathione (GSH), considered the most critical brain antioxidant. Although the protective effect of ALA is widely documented in various diseases, there are still no studies assessing the influence of ALA on brain metabolism in the context of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The experiment was conducted on male Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet for ten weeks with intragastric administration of ALA for four weeks. We are the first to demonstrate that ALA improves the function of enzymatic and nonenzymatic brain antioxidant systems, but the protective effects of ALA were mainly observed in the hypothalamus of insulin-resistant rats. Indeed, ALA caused a significant increase in superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities, as well as GSH concentration and redox potential ([GSH]2/[GSSG]) in the hypothalamus of HFD-fed rats. A consequence of antioxidant barrier enhancement by ALA is the reduction of oxidation, glycation, and nitration of brain proteins, lipids, and DNA. The protective effects of ALA result from hypothalamic activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 and inhibition of NF-κB. In the hypothalamus of insulin-resistant rats, we demonstrated reduced levels of oxidation (AOPP) and glycation (AGE) protein products, 4-hydroxynoneal, 8-isoprostanes, and 3-nitrotyrosine and, in the cerebral cortex, lower levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and peroxynitrite. In addition, we demonstrated that ALA decreases levels of proinflammatory TNF-α but also increases the synthesis of anti-inflammatory IL-10 in the hypothalamus of insulin-resistant rats. ALA also prevents neuronal apoptosis, confirming its multidirectional effects within the brain. Interestingly, we have shown no correlation between brain and serum/plasma oxidative stress biomarkers, indicating the different nature of redox imbalance at the central and systemic levels. To summarize, ALA improves antioxidant balance and diminishes oxidative/glycative stress, protein nitrosative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis, mainly in the hypothalamus of insulin-resistant rats. Further studies are needed to determine the molecular mechanism of ALA action within the brain.
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The Use of Bioactive Compounds in Hyperglycemia- and Amyloid Fibrils-Induced Toxicity in Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer’s Disease. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020235. [PMID: 35213966 PMCID: PMC8879577 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It has become increasingly apparent that defective insulin signaling may increase the risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), influence neurodegeneration through promotion of amyloid formation or by increasing inflammatory responses to intraneuronal β-amyloid. Recent work has demonstrated that hyperglycemia is linked to cognitive decline, with elevated levels of glucose causing oxidative stress in vulnerable tissues such as the brain. The ability of β-amyloid peptide to form β-sheet-rich aggregates and induce apoptosis has made amyloid fibrils a leading target for the development of novel pharmacotherapies used in managing and treatment of neuropathological conditions such as AD-related cognitive decline. Additionally, deposits of β-sheets folded amylin, a glucose homeostasis regulator, are also present in diabetic patients. Thus, therapeutic compounds capable of reducing intracellular protein aggregation in models of neurodegenerative disorders may prove useful in ameliorating type 2 diabetes mellitus symptoms. Furthermore, both diabetes and neurodegenerative conditions, such as AD, are characterized by chronic inflammatory responses accompanied by the presence of dysregulated inflammatory biomarkers. This review presents current evidence describing the role of various small bioactive molecules known to ameliorate amyloidosis and subsequent effects in prevention and development of diabetes and AD. It also highlights the potential efficacy of peptide–drug conjugates capable of targeting intracellular targets.
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Jakaria M, Belaidi AA, Bush AI, Ayton S. Ferroptosis as a mechanism of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2021; 159:804-825. [PMID: 34553778 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia, with complex pathophysiology that is not fully understood. While β-amyloid plaque and neurofibrillary tangles define the pathology of the disease, the mechanism of neurodegeneration is uncertain. Ferroptosis is an iron-mediated programmed cell death mechanism characterised by phospholipid peroxidation that has been observed in clinical AD samples. This review will outline the growing molecular and clinical evidence implicating ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of AD, with implications for disease-modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jakaria
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Abdel Ali Belaidi
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Scott Ayton
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Enhanced BDNF Actions Following Acute Hypoxia Facilitate HIF-1α-Dependent Upregulation of Cav3-T-Type Ca 2+ Channels in Rat Cardiomyocytes. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11070470. [PMID: 34202148 PMCID: PMC8307968 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11070470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has recently been recognized as a cardiovascular regulator particularly in the diseased condition, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, and hypertension. Here, we investigate the role of BDNF on the T-type Ca2+ channel, Cav3.1 and Cav3.2, in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes exposed to normoxia (21% O2) and acute hypoxia (1% O2) in vitro for up to 3 h. The exposure of cardiomyocytes to hypoxia (1 h, 3 h) caused a significant upregulation of the mRNAs for hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (Hif1α), Cav3.1, Cav3.2 and Bdnf, but not tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB). The upregulation of Cav3.1 and Cav3.2 caused by hypoxia was completely halted by small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting Hif1a (Hif1a-siRNA) or Bdnf (Bdnf-siRNA). Immunocytochemical staining data revealed a distinct upregulation of Cav3.1- and Cav3.2-proteins caused by hypoxia in cardiomyocytes, which was markedly suppressed by Bdnf-siRNA. These results unveiled a novel regulatory action of BDNF on the T-type Ca2+ channels expression through the HIF-1α-dependent pathway in cardiomyocytes.
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Du D, Zhang Y, Zhu C, Chen H, Sun J. Metabolic Regulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in Hypothalamus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:650284. [PMID: 33763034 PMCID: PMC7984363 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.650284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The earliest hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) function was to respond to hypoxia or hypoxic conditions as a transcription factor. Recent studies have expanded our understanding of HIF, and a large amount of evidence indicates that HIF has an essential effect on central regulation of metabolism. The central nervous system's response to glucose, inflammation, and hormones' main influence on systemic metabolism are all regulated by HIF to varying degrees. In the hypothalamus, HIF mostly plays a role in inhibiting energy uptake and promoting energy expenditure, which depends not only on the single effect of HIF or a single part of the hypothalamus. In this paper, we summarize the recent progress in the central regulation of metabolism, describe in detail the role of HIF in various functions of the hypothalamus and related molecular mechanisms, and reveal that HIF is deeply involved in hypothalamic-mediated metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yugang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Canjun Zhu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jia Sun, ; Hong Chen, ; Canjun Zhu,
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jia Sun, ; Hong Chen, ; Canjun Zhu,
| | - Jia Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jia Sun, ; Hong Chen, ; Canjun Zhu,
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