1
|
Zhu QQ, Tian S, Zhang L, Ding HY, Gao YX, Tang Y, Yang X, Zhu Y, Qi M. Altered dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation in individuals at high risk for Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:2391-2402. [PMID: 38314647 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The brain's dynamic spontaneous neural activity is significant in supporting cognition; however, how brain dynamics go awry in subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains unclear. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (dALFF) alterations in patients at high risk for Alzheimer's disease and to explore its correlation with clinical cognitive assessment scales, to identify an early imaging sign for these special populations. A total of 152 participants, including 72 SCD patients, 44 MCI patients and 36 healthy controls (HCs), underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and were assessed with various neuropsychological tests. The dALFF was measured using sliding-window analysis. We employed canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to examine the bi-multivariate correlations between neuropsychological scales and altered dALFF among multiple regions in SCD and MCI patients. Compared to those in the HC group, both the MCI and SCD groups showed higher dALFF values in the right opercular inferior frontal gyrus (voxel P < .001, cluster P < .05, correction). Moreover, the CCA models revealed that behavioural tests relevant to inattention correlated with the dALFF of the right middle frontal gyrus and right opercular inferior frontal gyrus, which are involved in frontoparietal networks (R = .43, P = .024). In conclusion, the brain dynamics of neural activity in frontal areas provide insights into the shared neural basis underlying SCD and MCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Qin Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shui Tian
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Ding
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Xin Gao
- Rehabilitation Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Yin Tang
- Department of Medical imaging, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, China
| | - Xi Yang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Qi
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tang X, Guo Z, Chen G, Sun S, Xiao S, Chen P, Tang G, Huang L, Wang Y. A Multimodal Meta-Analytical Evidence of Functional and Structural Brain Abnormalities Across Alzheimer's Disease Spectrum. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102240. [PMID: 38395200 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous neuroimaging studies have reported that Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum have been linked to alterations in intrinsic functional activity and cortical thickness (CT) of some brain areas. However, the findings have been inconsistent and the correlation with the transcriptional profile and neurotransmitter systems remain largely unknown. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis to identify multimodal differences in the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF)/fractional ALFF (fALFF) and CT in patients with AD and preclinical AD compared to healthy controls (HCs), using the Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images software. Transcriptional data were retrieved from the Allen Human Brain Atlas. The atlas-based nuclear imaging-derived neurotransmitter maps were investigated by JuSpace toolbox. RESULTS We included 26 ALFF/fALFF studies comprising 884 patients with AD and 1,020 controls, along with 52 studies comprising 2,046 patients with preclinical AD and 2,336 controls. For CT, we included 11 studies comprising 353 patients with AD and 330 controls. Overall, compared to HCs, patients with AD showed decreased ALFF/fALFF in the bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus (PCC)/precuneus and right angular gyrus, as well as increased ALFF/fALFF in the bilateral parahippocampal gyrus (PHG). Patients with peclinical AD showed decreased ALFF/fALFF in the left precuneus. Additionally, patients with AD displayed decreased CT in the bilateral PHG, left PCC, bilateral orbitofrontal cortex, sensorimotor areas and temporal lobe. Furthermore, gene sets related to brain structural and functional changes in AD and preclincal AD were enriched for G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, ion gated channel activity, and components of biological membrane. Functional and structural alterations in AD and preclinical AD were spatially associated with dopaminergic, serotonergic, and GABAergic neurotransmitter systems. CONCLUSIONS The multimodal meta-analysis demonstrated that patients with AD exhibited convergent functional and structural alterations in the PCC/precuneus and PHG, as well as cortical thinning in the primary sensory and motor areas. Furthermore, patients with preclinical AD showed reduced functional activity in the precuneus. AD and preclinical AD showed genetic modulations/neurotransmitter deficits of brain functional and structural impairments. These findings may provide new insights into the pathophysiology of the AD spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Tang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zixuan Guo
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Guanmao Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shilin Sun
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shu Xiao
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Guixian Tang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Li Huang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen Z, Chen K, Li Y, Geng D, Li X, Liang X, Lu H, Ding S, Xiao Z, Ma X, Zheng L, Ding D, Zhao Q, Yang L. Structural, static, and dynamic functional MRI predictors for conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease: Inter-cohort validation of Shanghai Memory Study and ADNI. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26529. [PMID: 37991144 PMCID: PMC10789213 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a critical prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the mechanism underlying the conversion is not fully explored. Construction and inter-cohort validation of imaging biomarkers for predicting MCI conversion is of great challenge at present, due to lack of longitudinal cohorts and poor reproducibility of various study-specific imaging indices. We proposed a novel framework for inter-cohort MCI conversion prediction, involving comparison of structural, static, and dynamic functional brain features from structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) between MCI converters (MCI_C) and non-converters (MCI_NC), and support vector machine for construction of prediction models. A total of 218 MCI patients with 3-year follow-up outcome were selected from two independent cohorts: Shanghai Memory Study cohort for internal cross-validation, and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort for external validation. In comparison with MCI_NC, MCI_C were mainly characterized by atrophy, regional hyperactivity and inter-network hypo-connectivity, and dynamic alterations characterized by regional and connectional instability, involving medial temporal lobe (MTL), posterior parietal cortex (PPC), and occipital cortex. All imaging-based prediction models achieved an area under the curve (AUC) > 0.7 in both cohorts, with the multi-modality MRI models as the best with excellent performances of AUC > 0.85. Notably, the combination of static and dynamic fMRI resulted in overall better performance as relative to static or dynamic fMRI solely, supporting the contribution of dynamic features. This inter-cohort validation study provides a new insight into the mechanisms of MCI conversion involving brain dynamics, and paves a way for clinical use of structural and functional MRI biomarkers in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Chen
- Department of Radiology, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Academy for Engineering & TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Keliang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yuxin Li
- Department of Radiology, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Functional and Molecular Medical ImagingFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Daoying Geng
- Department of Radiology, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Academy for Engineering & TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Functional and Molecular Medical ImagingFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiantao Li
- Department of Critical Care MedicineHuashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoniu Liang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Huimeng Lu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Saineng Ding
- Department of Neurology, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhenxu Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoxi Ma
- Department of Neurology, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ding Ding
- Department of Neurology, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qianhua Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Center for Neurological DisordersHuashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and MedicineHuashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Liqin Yang
- Department of Radiology, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Functional and Molecular Medical ImagingFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guo JR, Shi JY, Dong QY, Cao YB, Li D, Chen HJ. Altered dynamic spontaneous neural activity in minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Front Neurol 2022; 13:963551. [PMID: 36061995 PMCID: PMC9439282 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.963551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Abnormal regional neural activity has been identified by the analysis of the static amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) in the setting of minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). Brain activity is highly dynamic. This work sought to evaluate the temporal variability of ALFF to reveal MHE-related alterations in the dynamics of spontaneous neural activity. Methods A total of 29 healthy controls and 49 patients with cirrhosis [including 20 patients with MHE and 29 patients without MHE (NHE)] who underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score (PHES) examination were enrolled in this investigation. Utilizing a sliding-window approach, we calculated the dynamic ALFF (dALFF) variability to reflect the temporal dynamics of regional neural activity. An analysis of the correlation between dALFF variability and PHES was performed, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to determine the potential of the dALFF variability index in identifying MHE was completed. Results The dALFF variability in the bilateral precuneus/posterior cingulate gyrus and left middle frontal gyrus progressively decreased from NHE to MHE group. In cirrhotic patients, the value of dALFF variability in the bilateral precuneus/posterior cingulate gyrus was positively correlated with their neurocognitive performance (r = 0.383 and P = 0.007). The index of dALFF variability in the bilateral precuneus/posterior cingulate gyrus could be used to distinguish NHE and MHE patients, with moderate power (area under the ROC curve = 0.712 and P = 0.012). Conclusion Our findings highlight the existence of aberrant dynamic brain function in MHE, which could underlie the neural basis of cognitive impairments and could be associated with the development of the disease. Analyzing dALFF could facilitate new biomarker identification for MHE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Ru Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jia-Yan Shi
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Yi Dong
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yun-Bin Cao
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Dan Li
| | - Hua-Jun Chen
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hua-Jun Chen
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhong X, Chen B, Hou L, Wang Q, Liu M, Yang M, Zhang M, Zhou H, Wu Z, Zhang S, Lin G, Ning Y. Shared and specific dynamics of brain activity and connectivity in amnestic and nonamnestic mild cognitive impairment. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:2053-2065. [PMID: 35975454 PMCID: PMC9627396 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The present study aimed to compare temporal variability in the spontaneous fluctuations of activity and connectivity between amnestic MCI (aMCI) and nonamnestic MCI (naMCI), which enhances the understanding of their different pathophysiologies and provides targets for individualized intervention. METHODS Sixty-five naMCI and 48 aMCI subjects and 75 healthy controls were recruited. A sliding window analysis was used to evaluate the dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (dALFF), dynamic regional homogeneity (dReHo), and dynamic functional connectivity (dFC). The caudal/rostral hippocampus was selected as the seeds for calculating dFC. RESULTS Both aMCI and naMCI exhibited abnormal dALFF, dReHo, and hippocampal dFC compared with healthy controls. Compared with individuals with naMCI, those with aMCI exhibited (1) higher dALFF variability in the right putamen, left Rolandic operculum, and right middle cingulum, (2) lower dReHo variability in the right superior parietal lobule, and (3) lower dFC variability between the hippocampus and other regions (left superior occipital gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior cerebellum, precuneus, and right superior frontal gyrus). Additionally, variability in dALFF, dReHo, and hippocampal dFC exhibited different associations with cognitive scores in aMCI and naMCI patients, respectively. Finally, dReHo variability in the right superior parietal lobule and dFC variability between the right caudal hippocampus and left inferior cerebellum exhibited partially mediated effects on the different memory scores between people with aMCI and naMCI. CONCLUSION The aMCI and naMCI patients exhibited shared and specific patterns of dynamic brain activity and connectivity. The dReHo of the superior parietal lobule and dFC of the hippocampus-cerebellum contributed to the memory heterogeneity of MCI subtypes. Analyzing the temporal variability in the spontaneous fluctuations of brain activity and connectivity provided a new perspective for exploring the different pathophysiological mechanisms in MCI subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Zhong
- Center for Geriatric NeuroscienceThe Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Memory ClinicGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Ben Chen
- Center for Geriatric NeuroscienceThe Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Memory ClinicGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Le Hou
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Qiang Wang
- Center for Geriatric NeuroscienceThe Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Memory ClinicGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina,Department of Geriatric PsychiatryThe Second People's Hospital of Dali Bai Autonomous PrefectureDaliYunnan ProvinceChina
| | - Meiling Liu
- Center for Geriatric NeuroscienceThe Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Memory ClinicGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Mingfeng Yang
- Center for Geriatric NeuroscienceThe Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Memory ClinicGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Min Zhang
- Center for Geriatric NeuroscienceThe Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Memory ClinicGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Huarong Zhou
- Center for Geriatric NeuroscienceThe Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Memory ClinicGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Zhangying Wu
- Center for Geriatric NeuroscienceThe Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Memory ClinicGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Si Zhang
- Center for Geriatric NeuroscienceThe Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Memory ClinicGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Gaohong Lin
- Center for Geriatric NeuroscienceThe Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Memory ClinicGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Yuping Ning
- Center for Geriatric NeuroscienceThe Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Memory ClinicGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental DisordersGuangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang L, Feng Q, Ge X, Chen F, Yu B, Chen B, Liao Z, Lin B, Lv Y, Ding Z. Textural features reflecting local activity of the hippocampus improve the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment: A radiomics study based on functional magnetic resonance imaging. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:970245. [PMID: 36003964 PMCID: PMC9393721 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.970245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Textural features of the hippocampus in structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) images can serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), while exhibiting a relatively poor discriminant performance in detecting early AD, such as amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). In contrast to sMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can identify brain functional abnormalities in the early stages of cerebral disorders. However, whether the textural features reflecting local functional activity in the hippocampus can improve the diagnostic performance for AD and aMCI remains unclear. In this study, we combined the textural features of the amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) in the slow-5 frequency band and structural images in the hippocampus to investigate their diagnostic performance for AD and aMCI using multimodal radiomics technique. Methods Totally, 84 AD, 50 aMCI, and 44 normal controls (NCs) were included in the current study. After feature extraction and feature selection, the radiomics models incorporating sMRI images, ALFF values and their combinations in the bilateral hippocampus were established for the diagnosis of AD and aMCI. The effectiveness of these models was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The radiomics models were further validated using the external data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. Results The results of ROC analysis showed that the radiomics models based on structural images in the hippocampus had a better diagnostic performance for AD compared with the models using ALFF, while the ALFF-based model exhibited better discriminant performance for aMCI than the models with structural images. The radiomics models based on the combinations of structural images and ALFF were found to exhibit the highest accuracy for distinguishing AD from NCs and aMCI from NCs. Conclusion In this study, we found that the textural features reflecting local functional activity could improve the diagnostic performance of traditional structural models for both AD and aMCI. These findings may deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of AD, contributing to the early diagnosis of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuhong Ge
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fenyang Chen
- The Fourth School of Medical, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yu
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengluan Liao
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Geriatric VIP No. 3, Department of Clinical Psychology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biying Lin
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yating Lv
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yating Lv,
| | - Zhongxiang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhongxiang Ding,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lourenço RB, Campos BM, Rizzi L, de Souza MS, Forlenza OV, Talib LL, Joaquim HPG, Cendes F, Balthazar MLF. Functional connectome analysis in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Comparing AD continuum and Suspected Non-Alzheimer Pathology. Brain Connect 2022; 12:774-783. [PMID: 35412854 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2021.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research in brain resting-state functional connectivity (FC) analysis in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has conflicting results. This work intends to find differences in resting-state FC of MCI subjects due to Alzheimer´s disease continuum (MCI-AD) or suspected non-Alzheimer pathology (MCI-SNAP). METHODS 92 subjects over 55 years old were enrolled. MCI and controls were grouped using clinical dementia rating and neuropsychological data. CSF biomarkers were collected from MCI subjects, resulting in 32 MCI-AD, 25 MCI-SNAP, and 35 controls. A ROI-to-ROI analysis was carried out looking at inter and intranetwork interactions selecting the following networks: default mode (DMN), salience (SN), visuospatial (VN), and executive. Pearson correlation coefficients, converted to Z-scores were compared by T-tests with alpha set to 0.05, FDR corrected. RESULTS Groups were similar in age, education and demographic measures, there were no differences in neuropsychological data between the MCI groups. The ROI-to-ROI analysis MCI-AD versus MCI-SNAP showed no differences. MCI-AD versus controls showed decreased FC between ROIs of the SN and between ROIs from SN and VN. MCI-SNAP versus controls showed increased FC between a ROI of DMN and VN. DISCUSSION SN, DMN, and VN are multimodal networks with high value/high cost and may be more vulnerable to AD pathogenic processes. SN and VN were affected in the MCI-AD group, with maintained anticorrelation between DMN and VN. This may indicate subthreshold DMN dysfunction. The result in MCI-SNAP, although discrete, reflects a rearrangement of brain FC, as DMN and VN are expected to be anticorrelated. More research is necessary to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Brandes Lourenço
- State University of Campinas Faculty of Medical Sciences, 67791, Neurology, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz - Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, 13083-970;
| | - Brunno Machado Campos
- State University of Campinas Faculty of Medical Sciences, 67791, Neurology, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Liara Rizzi
- State University of Campinas Faculty of Medical Sciences, 67791, Neurology, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Milene Sakzenian de Souza
- State University of Campinas Faculty of Medical Sciences, 67791, Neurology, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Orestes Vicente Forlenza
- University of São Paulo Study Centre of the Institute of Psychiatry, 363307, LIM-27, Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Leda Leme Talib
- University of São Paulo Study Centre of the Institute of Psychiatry, 363307, LIM-27, Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | | | - Fernando Cendes
- State University of Campinas Faculty of Medical Sciences, 67791, Neurology, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim YK. Recent Updates on PET Imaging in Neurodegenerative Diseases. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF RADIOLOGY 2022; 83:453-472. [PMID: 36238518 PMCID: PMC9514517 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2022.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
양전자방출단층촬영(PET)을 이용한 단백질병리의 생체영상기술은 퇴행성 치매의 질병 기전을 이해하는데 필요한 정보를 제공할 뿐 아니라, 질병의 조기 발견과 치료법 개발에서 중요한 역할을 수행하고 있다. 베타아밀로이드와 타우 PET 영상은 인체 뇌병리에 기반한 알츠하이머병 연속체에 대한 진단 바이오마커로 확립되어 조기진단과 감별진단을 용이하게 하고, 질병 예후를 예측하고 있다. 또한, 치매치료제 개발에서 예후 및 대리 바이오마커로의 역할이 커지고 있다. 이 종설에서는 치매를 유발하는 알츠하이머병 및 기타 퇴행성 뇌질환에서 베타아밀로이드와 타우 단백질의 뇌축적을 영상화하는 PET의 최근 임상적 적용과 최근 동향을 살펴보고, 잠재적 유용성을 소개하고자 한다.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kyeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Luo Y, Guo Y, Zhong L, Liu Y, Dang C, Wang Y, Zeng J, Zhang W, Peng K, Liu G. Abnormal dynamic brain activity and functional connectivity of primary motor cortex in blepharospasm. Eur J Neurol 2021; 29:1035-1043. [PMID: 34962021 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence indicates that dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (dALFF) or functional connectivity (dFC) can provide complementary information, distinct from static ALFF (sALFF) or FC (sFC), in detecting brain functional abnormalities in brain diseases. We aimed to examine whether dALFF and dFC can offer valuable information for the detection of functional brain abnormalities in patients with blepharospasm. METHODS We collected resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 46 patients each of blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm (HFS), and healthy controls (HCs). We examined inter-group differences in sALFF and dALFF to investigate abnormal regional brain activity in patients with blepharospasm. Based on the dALFF results, we conducted seed-based sFC and dFC analyses to identify static and dynamic connectivity changes in brain networks centered on areas showing abnormal temporal variability of local brain activity in patients with blepharospasm. RESULTS Compared with HCs, patients with blepharospasm displayed different brain functional change patterns characterized by increased sALFF in the left primary motor cortex (PMC) but increased dALFF variance in the right PMC. However, differences were not found between patients with HFS and HCs. Additionally, patients with blepharospasm exhibited decreased dFC strength, but no change in sFC, between right PMC and ipsilateral cerebellum compared with HCs; these findings were replicated when patients with blepharospasm were compared to those with HFS. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight that dALFF and dFC are complementary to sALFF and sFC and can provide valuable information for detecting brain functional abnormalities in blepharospasm. Blepharospasm may be a network disorder involving the cortico-ponto-cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical, Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58, Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaomin Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical, Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58, Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linchang Zhong
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical, Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58, Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Dang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical, Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58, Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical, Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58, Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinsheng Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical, Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58, Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weixi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical, Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58, Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangqiang Peng
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical, Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58, Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong-HongKong, Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rizzi L, Balthazar MLF. Mini-review: The suspected non-Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. Neurosci Lett 2021; 764:136208. [PMID: 34478819 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Suspected non-Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology (SNAP) is a biomarker-based concept that underlying etiology has not been completely understood. Refers to a group of individuals that are negative for amyloid biomarkers and positive for p-Tau and/or neurodegeneration. SNAP causes great research interest because it is not clear if they have a different biological basis from Alzheimer's disease (AD), or are in an early stage of AD itself. The pathological processes behind SNAP need to be clarified. This mini-review aims to summarize the main characteristics of SNAP, besides reporting challenges and promising biomarkers related to the concept.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liara Rizzi
- Department of Neurology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang Y, Wang Z, Du J, Liu J, Xu T, Wang X, Sun M, Wen Y, Li D, Liao H, Zhao Y, Zhao L. Regulatory Effects of Acupuncture on Emotional Disorders in Patients With Menstrual Migraine Without Aura: A Resting-State fMRI Study. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:726505. [PMID: 34671239 PMCID: PMC8521095 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.726505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Menstrual migraine without aura (MMoA) refers to a specific type of migraine that is associated with the female ovarian cycle. It is particularly serious and has brought huge life pressure and mental burden to female patients. Acupuncture has been commonly used to prevent migraines and relieve concomitant emotional disorders; however, the physiological mechanism underlying this intervention remains unclear. This study aimed to use resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) to investigate whether acupuncture can modulate brain function and if the potential influence on brain activity correlates with improving emotional symptoms in MMoA patients. Methods: Overall, 44 patients were randomly divided into a true acupuncture (TA) group and the sham acupuncture (SA) group. Patients underwent rsfMRI before and after 3-month treatment, the amplitude of low-frequency fuctuations (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) in rsfMRI were calculated. Zung self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS), frequency of migraine attacks, visual analog scale, and intensity of the migraine were used for evaluate the clinical effect. The clinical changes of variables were also used to further assess the correlation with brain activity in MMoA patients. Results: After acupuncture treatment, the emotional symptoms of both groups of patients improved, and the clinical symptoms of migraine were alleviated. The major finding of our study was that patients with MMoA showed lower ALFF value in the left anterior cingulate and the value was positively correlated with the decreases in the SAS and SDS scores. In the SA group, common brain regions responded both in ALFF and regional homogeneity values mainly in the insula, and no significant correlations were observed between brain regions and clinical variables. Conclusions: These results indicated that both two acupuncture treatments were helpful in treating migraine and could improve emotion symptoms. TA had a relatively better effect in reducing the frequency of migraine attack than SA. The two therapies have different modulation effects as TA regulates emotional disorders by modulating the frontal-limbic regions, and SA may modulate pain perception through the placebo effect on insula and by indirectly regulating emotional disorders. These findings provided evidence that acupuncture is a complementary and alternative therapy to relieve clinical symptoms in female patients with migraines and could help enhance clinical diagnosis and treatment. Clinical Trial Registration: [http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx], identifier [ChiCTR-IOR-15006648. Registered 23 June 2015].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Zhang
- College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziwen Wang
- College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Clinical Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion in Sichuan province, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiarong Du
- Sichuan Province Building Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jixin Liu
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingsheng Sun
- College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Wen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dehua Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Huaqiang Liao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Chengdu Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Clinical Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion in Sichuan province, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wei Q, Cao S, Ji Y, Zhang J, Chen C, Wang X, Tian Y, Qiu B, Wang K. Altered Functional Connectivity Patterns of Parietal Subregions Contribute to Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients with White Matter Hyperintensities. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:659-669. [PMID: 34569947 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are considered as one of the core neuroimaging findings of cerebral small vessel disease and independently associated with cognitive deficit. The parietal lobe is a heterogeneous area containing many subregions and play an important role in the processes of neurocognition. OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between parietal subregions alterations and cognitive impairments in WHMs. METHODS Resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) analyses of parietal subregions were performed in 104 right-handed WMHs patients divided into mild (n = 39), moderate (n = 37), and severe WMHs (n = 28) groups according to the Fazekas scale and 36 healthy controls. Parietal subregions were defined using tractographic Human Brainnetome Atlas and included five subregions for superior parietal lobe, six subregions for inferior parietal lobe (IPL), and three subregions for precuneus. All participants underwent a neuropsychological test battery to evaluate emotional and general cognitive functions. RESULTS Differences existed between the rs-FC strength of IPL_R_6_2 with the left anterior cingulate gyrus, IPL_R_6_3 with the right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, and the IPL_R_6_5 with the left anterior cingulate gyrus. The connectivity strength between IPL_R_6_3 and the left anterior cingulate gyrus were correlated with AVLT-immediate and AVLT-recognition test in WMHs. CONCLUSION We explored the roles of parietal subregions in WMHs using rs-FC. The functional connectivity of parietal subregions with the cortex regions showed significant differences between the patients with WMHs and healthy controls which may be associated with cognitive deficits in WMHs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, China
| | - Shanshan Cao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Ji
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Yanghua Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The College of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, China
| | - Bensheng Qiu
- Hefei National Lab for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and the Centers for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The College of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cao S, Zhang J, Chen C, Wang X, Ji Y, Nie J, Tian Y, Qiu B, Wei Q, Wang K. Decline in executive function in patients with white matter hyperintensities from the static and dynamic perspectives of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:2793-2803. [PMID: 34510531 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairments are characteristics of patients with white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), and hypoperfusion is currently a relatively recognized mechanism of WMHs. Brain activity is closely coupled to the regulation of local blood flow. This study aimed to investigate the abnormal local brain activity of patients with WMHs from the viewpoint of the static amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (sALFF) and dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (dALFF). Seventy-four patients with WMHs and 35 healthy controls (HCs) were included. Based on the Fazekas scale, patients with WMHs were further divided into a mild WMH group (n = 33, Fazekas score 1-2) and moderate-severe WMH group (n = 41, Fazekas score 3-6). The sALFF and dALFF values were calculated separately and neuropsychological tests including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), Trail Making Test (TMT), and Boston Naming Test (BNT) were completed by all participants. Patients with WMHs showed increased sALFF and dALFF values in the bilateral thalamus and decreased performance in the MoCA test, AVLT-immediate, AVLT-delay, AVLT-recognition, TMT-A, and BNT. The dALFF values in the bilateral thalamus was correlated with the MoCA in HCs. The sALFF values in the bilateral thalamus correlated with TMT-B in patients with WMHs. Patients with WMHs showed abnormal brain activity and decreased functional stability of the bilateral thalamus, which may be a potential mechanism of decreased executive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Cao
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Ji
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Jiajia Nie
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Yanghua Tian
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China.,The College of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, China
| | - Bensheng Qiu
- Hefei National Lab for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and the Centers for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China.,The College of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|