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Shu H, Zhang P, Gu L. Alpha-synuclein in peripheral body fluid as a biomarker for Parkinson's disease. Acta Neurol Belg 2024; 124:831-842. [PMID: 38170418 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-023-02452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whether alpha-synuclein in peripheral body fluids can be used for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains in controversy. This study evaluates diagnostic potential of alpha-synuclein for PD in various peripheral body fluids using a meta-analysis approach. METHODS Studies published before October 2022 were searched in Web of Science and PubMed databases. The results were computed using the STATA 12.0 statistical software. RESULTS In plasma, PD patients exhibited elevated alpha-synuclein levels relative to healthy controls (HCs) [standard mean difference (SMD) = 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.42 to 1.15] with a sensitivity of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.64-0.89) and a specificity of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.90-0.98). Higher plasma alpha-synuclein levels were correlated with longer disease durations, higher Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor scores, and higher Hoehn and Yahr stages in PD patients. Plasma neural-derived exosomal alpha-synuclein levels (SMD = 1.82, 95% CI = 0.30 to 3.35), ratio of plasma neural-derived exosomal alpha-synuclein to total alpha-synuclein (SMD = 1.26, 95% CI = 0.19 to 2.33), and erythrocytic alpha-synuclein levels were also increased in PD patients (SMD = 6.57, 95% CI = 3.55 to 9.58). In serum, there was no significant difference in alpha-synuclein levels between PD patients and HCs (SMD = 0.54, 95% CI = - 0.27 to 1.34). In saliva, reduced alpha-synuclein levels were observed in PD patients (SMD = - 0.85, 95% CI = - 1.67 to - 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Alpha-synuclein levels in plasma, plasma neural-derived exosome, erythrocyte, and saliva may serve as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Shu
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210031, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Operational Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, 300041, China
| | - Lihua Gu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, No. 6 Jizhao Road, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E, Santos-García D, Martínez-Valbuena I, Agúndez JAG. Alpha-Synuclein in Peripheral Tissues as a Possible Marker for Neurological Diseases and Other Medical Conditions. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1263. [PMID: 37627328 PMCID: PMC10452242 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The possible usefulness of alpha-synuclein (aSyn) determinations in peripheral tissues (blood cells, salivary gland biopsies, olfactory mucosa, digestive tract, skin) and in biological fluids, except for cerebrospinal fluid (serum, plasma, saliva, feces, urine), as a marker of several diseases, has been the subject of numerous publications. This narrative review summarizes data from studies trying to determine the role of total, oligomeric, and phosphorylated aSyn determinations as a marker of various diseases, especially PD and other alpha-synucleinopathies. In summary, the results of studies addressing the determinations of aSyn in its different forms in peripheral tissues (especially in platelets, skin, and digestive tract, but also salivary glands and olfactory mucosa), in combination with other potential biomarkers, could be a useful tool to discriminate PD from controls and from other causes of parkinsonisms, including synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena García-Martín
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (J.A.G.A.)
| | - Diego Santos-García
- Department of Neurology, CHUAC—Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Iván Martínez-Valbuena
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada;
| | - José A. G. Agúndez
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (J.A.G.A.)
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Garg P, Maass F, Sundaram SM, Mollenhauer B, Mahajani S, van Riesen C, Kügler S, Bähr M. The relevance of synuclein autoantibodies as a biomarker for Parkinson's disease. Mol Cell Neurosci 2022; 121:103746. [PMID: 35660088 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2022.103746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have investigated if the levels of α-synuclein autoantibodies (α-syn AAb) differ in serum of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and healthy subjects. Reproducible differences in their levels could serve as a biomarker for PD. The results of previous studies however remain inconclusive. With the largest sample size examined so far, we aimed to validate serum α-syn AAb levels as a biomarker for PD and investigated the presence of AAbs against other synucleins. We performed ELISA and immunoblots to determine synuclein AAb levels in the serum of 295 subjects comprising 157 PD patients from two independent cohorts, 46 healthy subjects, and 92 patients with other neurodegenerative disorders. Although serum α- and β-syn AAb levels were significantly reduced in patients with PD and other neurodegenerative disorders as compared to controls, the AAb levels displayed high inter-and intra-cohort variability. Furthermore, α-syn AAb levels showed no correlation to clinical parameters like age, disease duration, disease severity, and gender, that might also be directed against beta- and gamma-syn. In conclusion, serum synuclein AAb levels do allow the separation of PD from healthy subjects but not from other neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, synuclein AAbs cannot be regarded as a reliable biomarker for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pretty Garg
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Fabian Maass
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sivaraj M Sundaram
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Sameehan Mahajani
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Neuropathology, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Christoph van Riesen
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kügler
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Beatino MF, De Luca C, Campese N, Belli E, Piccarducci R, Giampietri L, Martini C, Perugi G, Siciliano G, Ceravolo R, Vergallo A, Hampel H, Baldacci F. α-synuclein as an emerging pathophysiological biomarker of Alzheimer's disease. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2022; 22:411-425. [PMID: 35443850 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2022.2068952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION α-syn aggregates represent the pathological hallmark of synucleinopathies as well as a frequent copathology (almost 1/3 of cases) in AD. Recent research indicates a potential role of α-syn species, measured in CSF with conventional analytical techniques, in the differential diagnosis between AD and synucleinopathies (such as DLB). Pioneering studies report the detection of α-syn in blood, however, conclusive investigations are controversial. Ultrasensitive seed amplification techniques, enabling the selective quantification of α-syn seeds, may represent an effective solution to identify the α-syn component in AD and facilitate a biomarker-guided stratification. AREAS COVERED We performed a PubMed-based review of the latest findings on α-syn-related biomarkers for AD, focusing on bodily fluids. A dissertation on the role of ultrasensitive seed amplification assays, detecting α-syn seeds from different biological samples, was conducted. EXPERT OPINION α-syn may contribute to progressive AD neurodegeneration through cross-seeding especially with tau protein. Ultrasensitive seed amplification techniques may support a biomarker-drug co-development pathway and may be a pathophysiological candidate biomarker for the evolving ATX(N) system to classify AD and the spectrum of primary NDDs. This would contribute to a precise approach to AD, aimed at implementing disease-modifying treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ciro De Luca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicole Campese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Belli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Linda Giampietri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giulio Perugi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Vergallo
- GRC N° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Sorbonne University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard De l'Hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Harald Hampel
- GRC N° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Sorbonne University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard De l'Hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Filippo Baldacci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,GRC N° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Sorbonne University, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard De l'Hôpital, Paris, France
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Manzine PR, Vatanabe IP, Grigoli MM, Pedroso RV, de Almeida MPOMEP, de Oliveira DDSMS, Crispim Nascimento CM, Peron R, de Souza Orlandi F, Cominetti MR. Potential Protein Blood-Based Biomarkers in Different Types of Dementia: A Therapeutic Overview. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1170-1186. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220408124809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Biomarkers capable of identifying and distinguishing types of dementia such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), Lewy body dementia (LBD), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) have been become increasingly relentless. Studies of possible biomarker proteins in the blood that can help formulate new diagnostic proposals and therapeutic visions of different types of dementia are needed. However, due to several limitations of these biomarkers, especially in discerning dementia, their clinical applications are still undetermined. Thus, the updating of biomarker blood proteins that can help in the diagnosis and discrimination of these main dementia conditions is essential to enable new pharmacological and clinical management strategies, with specificities for each type of dementia. To review the literature concerning protein blood-based AD and non-AD biomarkers as new pharmacological targets and/or therapeutic strategies. Recent findings for protein-based AD, PDD, LBD, and FTD biomarkers are focused on in this review. Protein biomarkers were classified according to the pathophysiology of the dementia types. The diagnosis and distinction of dementia through protein biomarkers is still a challenge. The lack of exclusive biomarkers for each type of dementia highlights the need for further studies in this field. Only after this, blood biomarkers may have a valid use in clinical practice as they are promising to help in diagnosis and in the differentiation of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Regina Manzine
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil. Highway Washington Luis, Km 235. Monjolinho
| | - Izabela Pereira Vatanabe
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil. Highway Washington Luis, Km 235. Monjolinho
| | - Marina Mantellatto Grigoli
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil. Highway Washington Luis, Km 235. Monjolinho
| | - Renata Valle Pedroso
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil. Highway Washington Luis, Km 235. Monjolinho
| | | | | | | | - Rafaela Peron
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil. Highway Washington Luis, Km 235. Monjolinho
| | - Fabiana de Souza Orlandi
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil. Highway Washington Luis, Km 235. Monjolinho
| | - Márcia Regina Cominetti
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil. Highway Washington Luis, Km 235. Monjolinho
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Lv S, Zhou X, Li Y, Zhang S, Wang Y, Jia S, Niu X, Wang L, Peng D. The Association Between Plasma α-Synuclein (α-syn) Protein, Urinary Alzheimer-Associated Neuronal Thread Protein (AD7c-NTP), and Apolipoprotein Epsilon 4 (ApoE ε4) Alleles and Cognitive Decline in 60 Patients with Alzheimer's Disease Compared with 28 Age-Matched Normal Individuals. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e932998. [PMID: 34312362 PMCID: PMC8325392 DOI: 10.12659/msm.932998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence has shown that α-synuclein (α-syn) pathology is involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study aimed to investigate the association between the levels of plasma α-syn protein, urinary Alzheimer-associated neuronal thread protein (AD7c-NTP), apolipoprotein epsilon 4 (ApoE ɛ4) alleles and cognitive decline in 60 AD patients compared with 28 age-matched normal controls (NCs) at a single center. Material/Methods All participants underwent α-syn, apolipoprotein E (ApoE), AD7c-NTP, cholesterol (CHO), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides (TGs) analyses, neuropsychological scale assessments and neuroimaging analysis. Moreover, urine and peripheral blood samples were collected from all participants. The levels of plasma α-syn and AD7c-NTP were assayed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Other test results were obtained from China-Japan Friendship Hospital. Results We found that plasma α-syn levels were significantly different between AD patients and NCs (p=0.045). α-Syn levels were also associated with AD7c-NTP (r=0.231, p=0.03) but not ApoE ɛ4 (Z=−0.147, p=0.883) levels. Neither α-syn [CHO (p=0.432), HDL (p=0.484), LDL (p=0.733) or TGs (p=0.253)] nor AD7c-NTP [CHO (p=0.867), HDL (p=0.13), LDL (p=0.57) or TGs (p=0.678)] had a relationship with lipids. Conclusions This study showed that the levels of plasma α-syn protein and urinary AD7c-NTP were significantly increased in AD patients compared with NCs, but not with ApoE alleles or serum lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Lv
- Department of Neurology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China (mainland).,Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland).,Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Cardiovascular, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Shujuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China (mainland).,Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Shuhong Jia
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoqian Niu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China (mainland).,Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China (mainland).,Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Dantao Peng
- Department of Neurology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China (mainland).,Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland).,Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (mainland)
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