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Wang Z, Diedrichsen J, Saltoun K, Steele C, Arnold-Anteraper SR, Yeo BTT, Schmahmann JD, Bzdok D. Structural covariation between cerebellum and neocortex intrinsic structural covariation links cerebellum subregions to the cerebral cortex. J Neurophysiol 2024; 132:849-869. [PMID: 39052236 PMCID: PMC11427046 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00164.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The human cerebellum is increasingly recognized to be involved in nonmotor and higher-order cognitive functions. Yet, its ties with the entire cerebral cortex have not been holistically studied in a whole brain exploration with a unified analytical framework. Here, we characterized dissociable cortical-cerebellar structural covariation patterns based on regional gray matter volume (GMV) across the brain in n = 38,527 UK Biobank participants. Our results invigorate previous observations in that important shares of cortical-cerebellar structural covariation are described as 1) a dissociation between the higher-level cognitive system and lower-level sensorimotor system and 2) an anticorrelation between the visual-attention system and advanced associative networks within the cerebellum. We also discovered a novel pattern of ipsilateral, rather than contralateral, cerebral-cerebellar associations. Furthermore, phenome-wide association assays revealed key phenotypes, including cognitive phenotypes, lifestyle, physical properties, and blood assays, associated with each decomposed covariation pattern, helping to understand their real-world implications. This systems neuroscience view paves the way for future studies to explore the implications of these structural covariations, potentially illuminating new pathways in our understanding of neurological and cognitive disorders.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cerebellum's association with the entire cerebral cortex has not been holistically studied in a unified way. Here, we conjointly characterize the population-level cortical-cerebellar structural covariation patterns leveraging ∼40,000 UK Biobank participants whole brain structural scans and ∼1,000 phenotypes. We revitalize the previous hypothesis of an anticorrelation between the visual-attention system and advanced associative networks within the cerebellum. We also discovered a novel ipsilateral cerebral-cerebellar associations. Phenome-wide association (PheWAS) revealed real-world implications of the structural covariation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Wang
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, School of Computer Science, The Neuro-Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Mila-Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jörn Diedrichsen
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karin Saltoun
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, School of Computer Science, The Neuro-Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Mila-Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christopher Steele
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sheeba Rani Arnold-Anteraper
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UTSW, Dallas, Texas, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - B T Thomas Yeo
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Centre for Translational MR Research, Centre for Sleep & Cognition, N.1 Institute for Health and Institute for Digital Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeremy D Schmahmann
- Ataxia Center, Cognitive Behavioral Neurology Unit, Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Cerebellar Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Danilo Bzdok
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, School of Computer Science, The Neuro-Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Mila-Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Callow DD, Spira AP, Zipunnikov V, Lu H, Wanigatunga SK, Rabinowitz JA, Albert M, Bakker A, Soldan A. Sleep and physical activity measures are associated with resting-state network segregation in non-demented older adults. Neuroimage Clin 2024; 43:103621. [PMID: 38823249 PMCID: PMC11179421 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Greater physical activity and better sleep are associated with reduced risk of cognitive decline and dementia among older adults, but little is known about their combined associations with measures of brain function and neuropathology. This study investigated potential independent and interactive cross-sectional relationships between actigraphy-estimated total volume of physical activity (TVPA) and sleep patterns [i.e., total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE)] with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) measures of large scale network connectivity and positron emission tomography (PET) measures of amyloid-β. Participants were 135 non-demented older adults from the BIOCARD study (116 cognitively normal and 19 with mild cognitive impairment; mean age = 70.0 years). Using multiple linear regression analyses, we assessed the association between TVPA, TST, and SE with connectivity within the default-mode, salience, and fronto-parietal control networks, and with network modularity, a measure of network segregation. Higher TVPA and SE were independently associated with greater network modularity, although the positive relationship of SE with modularity was only present in amyloid-negative individuals. Additionally, higher TVPA was associated with greater connectivity within the default-mode network, while greater SE was related to greater connectivity within the salience network. In contrast, longer TST was associated with lower network modularity, particularly among amyloid-positive individuals, suggesting a relationship between longer sleep duration and greater network disorganization. Physical activity and sleep measures were not associated with amyloid positivity. These data suggest that greater physical activity levels and more efficient sleep may promote more segregated and potentially resilient functional networks and increase functional connectivity within specific large-scale networks and that the relationship between sleep and functional networks connectivity may depend on amyloid status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Callow
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Adam P Spira
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America; Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Vadim Zipunnikov
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Sarah K Wanigatunga
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Jill A Rabinowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ US
| | - Marilyn Albert
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Arnold Bakker
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Anja Soldan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
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3
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Callow DD, Zipunnikov V, Spira AP, Wanigatunga SK, Pettigrew C, Albert M, Soldan A. Actigraphy Estimated Sleep Moderates the Relationship between Physical Activity and Cognition in Older Adults. Ment Health Phys Act 2024; 26:100573. [PMID: 38264712 PMCID: PMC10803079 DOI: 10.1016/j.mhpa.2023.100573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Background and Aims Physical inactivity and poor sleep are common in older adults and may interact to contribute to age- and disease-related cognitive decline. However, prior work regarding the associations among physical activity, and cognition in older adults is primarily limited to subjective questionnaires that are susceptible to inaccuracies and recall bias. Therefore, this study examined whether objectively measured physical activity and sleep characteristics, each estimated using actigraphy, are independently or interactively associated with cognitive performance. Methods The study included 157 older adults free of dementia (136 cognitively unimpaired; 21 MCI; M age = 71.7) from the BIOCARD cohort. Results Using multiple linear regression, cognition was regressed on estimated total volume of physical activity (TVPA), sleep efficiency (SE), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and total sleep time (TST) (adjusted for age, sex, education, diagnosis, vascular risk factors, and Apolipoprotein E (APOE)-e4 genetic status). Models were also run for domain-specific cognitive composite scores. TVPA and SE each were positively associated with a global cognitive composite score. TVPA was positively associated with executive function and language composites, and SE was positively related to executive function, visuospatial, and language composites. Importantly, a TVPA by SE interaction (p = 0.015) suggested that adults with the poorest SE experienced the greatest benefit from physical activity in relation to global cognition. The other sleep metrics were unrelated to cognitive performance. Conclusion These results suggest that TVPA and SE may synergistically benefit cognition in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Callow
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Vadim Zipunnikov
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adam P Spira
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah K Wanigatunga
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Corinne Pettigrew
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Marilyn Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Anja Soldan
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Callow DD, Kommula Y, Stark CEL, Smith JC. Acute cycling exercise and hippocampal subfield function and microstructure in healthy older adults. Hippocampus 2023; 33:1123-1138. [PMID: 37526119 PMCID: PMC10543457 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with deterioration in dentate gyrus (DG) and CA3, both crucial hippocampal subfields for age susceptible memory processes such as mnemonic discrimination (MD). Meanwhile, a single aerobic exercise session alters DG/CA3 function and neural activity in both rats and younger adults and can elicit short-term microstructural alterations in the hippocampus of older adults. However, our understanding of the effects of acute exercise on hippocampal subfield integrity via function and microstructure in older adults is limited. Thus, a within subject-design was employed to determine if 20-min of moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise alters bilateral hippocampal subfield function and microstructure using high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during an MD task (n = 35) and high angular resolution multi-shell diffusion imaging (n = 31), in healthy older adults, compared to seated rest. Following the exercise condition, participants exhibited poorer MD performance, particularly when their perception of effort was higher. Exercise was also related to lower MD-related activity within the DG/CA3 but not CA1 subfield. Finally, after controlling for whole brain gray matter diffusion, exercise was associated with lower neurite density index (NDI) within the DG/CA3. However, exercise-related differences in DG/CA3 activity and NDI were not associated with differences in MD performance. Our results suggest moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise may temporarily inhibit MD performance, and suppress DG/CA3 MD-related activity and NDI, potentially through neuroinflammatory/glial processes. However, additional studies are needed to confirm whether these short-term changes in behavior and hippocampal subfield neurophysiology are beneficial and how they might relate to long-term exercise habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D. Callow
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Yash Kommula
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Craig E. L. Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - J. Carson Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Lan X, Zhu XY, Bai WX, Liu HP, Wang H, Dun WH, Guo CG, Zhang M, Niu X. White matter changes in young and middle-aged males with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: Tract-based spatial statistics analysis. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:3892-3902. [PMID: 37779210 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The supraspinal mechanism plays a key role in developing and maintaining chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS). However, it is not clear how white matter changes in young and middle-aged males with CP/CPPS. In this cross-sectional study, 23 CP/CPPS patients and 22 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Tract-based spatial statistics was applied to investigate the differences in diffusion tensor imaging metrics, including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusion (MD), radial diffusion (RD) and axial diffusion (AD), between CP/CPPS patients and HCs. The study also examined the association between white matter alterations and clinical variables in patients using correlation analysis. Compared with HCs, patients showed decreased FA, MD, RD and AD in the body and genu of the corpus callosum and right anterior corona radiata. In addition, they showed increased FA along with decreased MD, RD and AD in the left posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC-L), left external capsule and left cerebral peduncle. The FA of PLIC-L was negatively correlated with disease duration (r = -.54, corrected p = .017), while MD and RD were positively correlated (r = .45, corrected p = .042; r = .57, corrected p = .017). These results suggest that CP/CPPS is associated with extensive changes in white matter tracts, which are involved in pain processing. In particular, the FA, MD and RD values in the PLIC-L were correlated with the disease duration, indicating that the long-term course of CP/CPPS may have effects on the white matter microstructure of the pain perception pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lan
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin-Yi Zhu
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei-Xian Bai
- Department of Medical Imaging, Xi'an NO.3 Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui-Ping Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- School of Future Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- School of Future Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wang-Huan Dun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen-Guang Guo
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuan Niu
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Antonenko D, Fromm AE, Thams F, Grittner U, Meinzer M, Flöel A. Microstructural and functional plasticity following repeated brain stimulation during cognitive training in older adults. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3184. [PMID: 37268628 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38910-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of repeated behavioral training with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) holds promise to exert beneficial effects on brain function beyond the trained task. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. We performed a monocenter, single-blind randomized, placebo-controlled trial comparing cognitive training to concurrent anodal tDCS (target intervention) with cognitive training to concurrent sham tDCS (control intervention), registered at ClinicalTrial.gov (Identifier NCT03838211). The primary outcome (performance in trained task) and secondary behavioral outcomes (performance on transfer tasks) were reported elsewhere. Here, underlying mechanisms were addressed by pre-specified analyses of multimodal magnetic resonance imaging before and after a three-week executive function training with prefrontal anodal tDCS in 48 older adults. Results demonstrate that training combined with active tDCS modulated prefrontal white matter microstructure which predicted individual transfer task performance gain. Training-plus-tDCS also resulted in microstructural grey matter alterations at the stimulation site, and increased prefrontal functional connectivity. We provide insight into the mechanisms underlying neuromodulatory interventions, suggesting tDCS-induced changes in fiber organization and myelin formation, glia-related and synaptic processes in the target region, and synchronization within targeted functional networks. These findings advance the mechanistic understanding of neural tDCS effects, thereby contributing to more targeted neural network modulation in future experimental and translation tDCS applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Antonenko
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | | | - Friederike Thams
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ulrike Grittner
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Meinzer
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Standort Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Won J, Nielson KA, Smith JC. Large-Scale Network Connectivity and Cognitive Function Changes After Exercise Training in Older Adults with Intact Cognition and Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:399-413. [PMID: 37220620 PMCID: PMC10200248 DOI: 10.3233/adr-220062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite growing evidence regarding the association between exercise training (ET) and functional brain network connectivity, little is known about the effects of ET on large-scale within- and between-network functional connectivity (FC) of core brain networks. Objective We investigated the effects of ET on within- and between-network functional connectivity of the default mode network (DMN), frontoparietal network (FPN), and salience network (SAL) in older adults with intact cognition (CN) and older adults diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The association between ET-induced changes in FC and cognitive performance was examined. Methods 33 older adults (78.0±7.0 years; 16 MCI and 17 CN) participated in this study. Before and after a 12-week walking ET intervention, participants underwent a graded exercise test, Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), a narrative memory test (logical memory; LM), and a resting-state fMRI scan. We examined the within (W) and between (B) network connectivity of the DMN, FPN, and SAL. We used linear regression to examine associations between ET-related changes in network connectivity and cognitive function. Results There were significant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, COWAT, RAVLT, and LM after ET across participants. Significant increases in DMNW and SALW, and DMN-FPNB, DMN-SALB, and FPN-SALB were observed after ET. Greater SALW and FPN-SALB were associated with enhanced LM immediate recall performance after ET in both groups. Conclusion Increased within- and between-network connectivity following ET may subserve improvements in memory performance in older individuals with intact cognition and with MCI due to Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyeon Won
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kristy A. Nielson
- Department of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - J. Carson Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Li W, Li Y, Chen Y, Yue L, Xiao S. Association between physical exercise, executive function, and cerebellar cortex: A cross-sectional study among the elderly in Chinese communities. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:975329. [PMID: 36081892 PMCID: PMC9445432 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.975329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have confirmed that physical exercise may be beneficial for brain health, but there is little data on this among older Chinese. Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between physical exercise and cognitive impairment, and to explore the possible mechanism by which physical exercise prevents cognitive decline. Materials and methods 192 older adults with dementia, 610 older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 2,218 healthy older adults were included in the study. Through standardized questionnaires, we obtained their general demographic information (such as gender, age, education, etc.), disease-related information (hypertension and diabetes) and physical exercise information (such as whether they did physical exercise and the frequency of physical exercise, etc.). The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were used to assess their overall cognitive function, while the Wechsler block diagram was used to assess their executive function. Moreover, 164 healthy, randomly selected older adults also underwent brain MRI scans at the same time, and the target brain regions included hippocampus, gray matter, and cerebellar cortex. Results By using stepwise multiple logistics regression analysis, we found that physical exercise was associated with both MCI (p = 0.001*, OR = 0.689, 95%CI: 0.553–0.859) and dementia (p < 0.001*, OR = 0.501, 95%CI: 0.354–0.709), independent of gender, age, education, and other factors. The results of ROC curve showed that the area under the curve of physical exercise in predicting MCI and dementia was 0.551 (p < 0.001*, 95%CI: 0.525–0.577) and 0.628 (p = 0.001*, 95%CI: 0.585–0.671), respectively. The results of partial correlation analysis showed that physical exercise was associated with left cerebellar cortex (r = 0.163, p = 0.023), right cerebellar cortex (r = 0.175, p = 0.015) and Wechsler block diagram score (r = 0.235, p = 0.011). Moreover, the results of linear regression analysis mediation model showed that physical exercise may affect Wechsler block diagram score through influencing the thickness of right cerebellum cortex, and the latter may play a partial mediation effect (indirect B = 0.001, p = 0.045). Conclusion Physical exercise might be a protective factor for mild cognitive impairment and dementia among the Chinese elderly, and there might be an association among physical exercise, executive function, and the thickness of the cerebellar cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Nephrology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaopian Chen
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yaopian Chen,
| | - Ling Yue
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Ling Yue,
| | - Shifu Xiao
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shifu Xiao,
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9
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Patel R, Mackay CE, Jansen MG, Devenyi GA, O'Donoghue MC, Kivimäki M, Singh-Manoux A, Zsoldos E, Ebmeier KP, Chakravarty MM, Suri S. Inter- and intra-individual variation in brain structural-cognition relationships in aging. Neuroimage 2022; 257:119254. [PMID: 35490915 PMCID: PMC9393406 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The sources of inter- and intra-individual variability in age-related cognitive decline remain poorly understood. We examined the association between 20-year trajectories of cognitive decline and multimodal brain structure and morphology in older age. We used the Whitehall II Study, an extensively characterised cohort with 3T brain magnetic resonance images acquired at older age (mean age = 69.52 ± 4.9) and 5 repeated cognitive performance assessments between mid-life (mean age = 53.2 ±4.9 years) and late-life (mean age = 67.7 ± 4.9). Using non-negative matrix factorization, we identified 10 brain components integrating cortical thickness, surface area, fractional anisotropy, and mean and radial diffusivities. We observed two latent variables describing distinct brain-cognition associations. The first describes variations in 5 structural components associated with low mid-life performance across multiple cognitive domains, decline in reasoning, but maintenance of fluency abilities. The second describes variations in 6 structural components associated with low mid-life performance in fluency and memory, but retention of multiple abilities. Expression of latent variables predicts future cognition 3.2 years later (mean age = 70.87 ± 4.9). This data-driven approach highlights brain-cognition relationships wherein individuals degrees of cognitive decline and maintenance across diverse cognitive functions are both positively and negatively associated with markers of cortical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raihaan Patel
- Computational Brain Anatomy Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Québec, H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Clare E Mackay
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle G Jansen
- Donders Centre for Cognition, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gabriel A Devenyi
- Computational Brain Anatomy Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Québec, H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - M Clare O'Donoghue
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, United Kingdom
| | - Archana Singh-Manoux
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, United Kingdom; Université de Paris, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative diseases, 7501020, Paris, France
| | - Enikő Zsoldos
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU, Oxford, UK
| | - Klaus P Ebmeier
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Computational Brain Anatomy Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Québec, H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Sana Suri
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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10
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Won J, Nielson KA, Smith JC. Subjective Well-Being and Bilateral Anterior Insula Functional Connectivity After Exercise Intervention in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:834816. [PMID: 35620672 PMCID: PMC9128803 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.834816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
While it is well known that exercise training is associated with improvement in subjective well-being among older adults, it is unclear if individuals with cognitive impairment experience the same effects elicited by exercise on subjective well-being. We further explored whether the bilateral anterior insula network may be an underlying neural mechanism for the exercise training-related improvements in subjective well-being. We investigated the effects of exercise training on subjective well-being in older adults (78.4 ± 7.1 years) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 14) and a cognitively normal (CN; n = 14) control group. We specifically assessed the relationship between changes in subjective well-being and changes in functional connectivity (FC) with the bilateral anterior insula from before to after exercise training. Cardiorespiratory fitness, subjective well-being, and resting-state fMRI were measured before and after a 12-week moderate-intensity walking intervention. A seed-based correlation analysis was conducted using the bilateral anterior insula as a priori seed regions of interest. The associations between bilateral anterior insula FC with other brain regions and subjective well-being were computed before and after exercise training, respectively, and the statistical difference between the correlations (before vs after exercise training) was evaluated. There was a significant Group (MCI vs CN) × Time (before vs after exercise training) interaction for subjective well-being, such that while those with MCI demonstrated significantly increased subjective well-being after exercise training, no changes in subjective well-being were observed in CN. Participants with MCI also showed an exercise training-related increase in the bilateral anterior insula FC. While there was no significant correlation between subjective well-being and bilateral anterior insula FC before exercise training, a positive association between subjective well-being and bilateral anterior insula FC was found in the MCI group after exercise training. Our findings indicate that 12 weeks of exercise training may enhance subjective well-being in older adults diagnosed with MCI and, further, suggest that increased bilateral anterior insula FC with other cortical regions may reflect neural network plasticity associated with exercise training-related improvements in subjective well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyeon Won
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Kristy A. Nielson
- Department of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - J. Carson Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
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11
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Callow DD, Purcell JJ, Won J, Smith JC. Neurite dispersion and density mediates the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognition in healthy younger adults. Neuropsychologia 2022; 169:108207. [PMID: 35259402 PMCID: PMC8985444 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with better cognition across the lifespan. However, the neurobiological underpinnings relating fitness and cognition remain unclear, particularly in healthy younger adults. Using a well-established and popular multi-compartment diffusion modeling approach, called Neurite Orientation and Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI), we investigated the relationship between physical fitness (measured via a 2-min walk test), cognition (fluid and crystallized), and gray and white matter microstructure, in a large sample (n = 816) of healthy younger adults (ages 22-35 years) from the human connectome project (HCP). Concurrent with previous literature, we found that fitness was positively associated with both fluid and crystallized cognition. Furthermore, we found that physical fitness was negatively associated with white matter orientation dispersion index (ODIWM) around the cerebellar peduncle and was negatively associated with widespread cortical and subcortical gray matter neurite density index (NDIGM). Lower ODIWM of the cerebral peduncle was associated with better fluid cognitive performance, while lower NDIGM was associated with better crystallized cognition. Finally, we found that while ODIWM partially mediated the relationship between fitness and fluid cognition, NDIGM partially mediated the relationship between fitness and crystallized cognition. This study is the first to explore the relationship between physical fitness and white and gray matter microstructure measures using NODDI. Our findings suggest that in addition to improved cognitive performance, higher physical fitness may be associated with lower white matter tract dispersion and lower neurite density in the cortical and subcortical gray matter of healthy younger adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D. Callow
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Junyeon Won
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - J. Carson Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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12
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Won J, Callow DD, Pena GS, Gogniat MA, Kommula Y, Arnold-Nedimala NA, Jordan LS, Smith JC. Evidence for exercise-related plasticity in functional and structural neural network connectivity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:923-940. [PMID: 34655658 PMCID: PMC8642315 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The number of studies investigating exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF)-related changes in the functional and structural organization of brain networks continues to rise. Functional and structural connectivity are critical biomarkers for brain health and many exercise-related benefits on the brain are better represented by network dynamics. Here, we reviewed the neuroimaging literature to better understand how exercise or CRF may facilitate and maintain the efficiency and integrity of functional and structural aspects of brain networks in both younger and older adults. Converging evidence suggests that increased exercise performance and CRF modulate functional connectivity of the brain in a way that corresponds to behavioral changes such as cognitive and motor performance improvements. Similarly, greater physical activity levels and CRF are associated with better cognitive and motor function, which may be brought about by enhanced structural network integrity. This review will provide a comprehensive understanding of trends in exercise-network studies as well as future directions based on the gaps in knowledge that are currently present in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyeon Won
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Daniel D Callow
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States; Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Gabriel S Pena
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Marissa A Gogniat
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Yash Kommula
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States; Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | | | - Leslie S Jordan
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - J Carson Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States; Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States.
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13
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Izquierdo M, Merchant RA, Morley JE, Anker SD, Aprahamian I, Arai H, Aubertin-Leheudre M, Bernabei R, Cadore EL, Cesari M, Chen LK, de Souto Barreto P, Duque G, Ferrucci L, Fielding RA, García-Hermoso A, Gutiérrez-Robledo LM, Harridge SDR, Kirk B, Kritchevsky S, Landi F, Lazarus N, Martin FC, Marzetti E, Pahor M, Ramírez-Vélez R, Rodriguez-Mañas L, Rolland Y, Ruiz JG, Theou O, Villareal DT, Waters DL, Won Won C, Woo J, Vellas B, Fiatarone Singh M. International Exercise Recommendations in Older Adults (ICFSR): Expert Consensus Guidelines. J Nutr Health Aging 2021; 25:824-853. [PMID: 34409961 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-021-1665-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 125.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The human ageing process is universal, ubiquitous and inevitable. Every physiological function is being continuously diminished. There is a range between two distinct phenotypes of ageing, shaped by patterns of living - experiences and behaviours, and in particular by the presence or absence of physical activity (PA) and structured exercise (i.e., a sedentary lifestyle). Ageing and a sedentary lifestyle are associated with declines in muscle function and cardiorespiratory fitness, resulting in an impaired capacity to perform daily activities and maintain independent functioning. However, in the presence of adequate exercise/PA these changes in muscular and aerobic capacity with age are substantially attenuated. Additionally, both structured exercise and overall PA play important roles as preventive strategies for many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes, osteoporosis, and obesity; improvement of mobility, mental health, and quality of life; and reduction in mortality, among other benefits. Notably, exercise intervention programmes improve the hallmarks of frailty (low body mass, strength, mobility, PA level, energy) and cognition, thus optimising functional capacity during ageing. In these pathological conditions exercise is used as a therapeutic agent and follows the precepts of identifying the cause of a disease and then using an agent in an evidence-based dose to eliminate or moderate the disease. Prescription of PA/structured exercise should therefore be based on the intended outcome (e.g., primary prevention, improvement in fitness or functional status or disease treatment), and individualised, adjusted and controlled like any other medical treatment. In addition, in line with other therapeutic agents, exercise shows a dose-response effect and can be individualised using different modalities, volumes and/or intensities as appropriate to the health state or medical condition. Importantly, exercise therapy is often directed at several physiological systems simultaneously, rather than targeted to a single outcome as is generally the case with pharmacological approaches to disease management. There are diseases for which exercise is an alternative to pharmacological treatment (such as depression), thus contributing to the goal of deprescribing of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMS). There are other conditions where no effective drug therapy is currently available (such as sarcopenia or dementia), where it may serve a primary role in prevention and treatment. Therefore, this consensus statement provides an evidence-based rationale for using exercise and PA for health promotion and disease prevention and treatment in older adults. Exercise prescription is discussed in terms of the specific modalities and doses that have been studied in randomised controlled trials for their effectiveness in attenuating physiological changes of ageing, disease prevention, and/or improvement of older adults with chronic disease and disability. Recommendations are proposed to bridge gaps in the current literature and to optimise the use of exercise/PA both as a preventative medicine and as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Izquierdo
- Mikel Izquierdo, PhD, Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Av. De Barañain s/n 31008 Pamplona (Navarra) Spain, Tel + 34 948 417876
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