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Verma A, Agadagba SK, Chan LLH. Exploring the synergy of the eye-brain connection: neuromodulation approaches for neurodegenerative disorders through transcorneal electrical stimulation. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2097-2098. [PMID: 38488536 PMCID: PMC11034586 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.392877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antara Verma
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Stephen K. Agadagba
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research Ltd., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Leanne Lai-Hang Chan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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2
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Bader I, Groot C, Tan HS, Milongo JMA, Haan JD, Verberk IMW, Yong K, Orellina J, Campbell S, Wilson D, van Harten AC, Kok PHB, van der Flier WM, Pijnenburg YAL, Barkhof F, van de Giessen E, Teunissen CE, Bouwman FH, Ossenkoppele R. Rationale and design of the BeyeOMARKER study: prospective evaluation of blood- and eye-based biomarkers for early detection of Alzheimer's disease pathology in the eye clinic. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:190. [PMID: 39169442 PMCID: PMC11340081 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01545-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common, complex and multifactorial disease that may require screening across multiple routes of referral to enable early detection and subsequent future implementation of tailored interventions. Blood- and eye-based biomarkers show promise as low-cost, scalable and patient-friendly tools for early AD detection given their ability to provide information on AD pathophysiological changes and manifestations in the retina, respectively. Eye clinics provide an intriguing real-world proof-of-concept setting to evaluate the performance of these potential AD screening tools given the intricate connections between the eye and brain, presumed enrichment for AD pathology in the aging population with eye disorders, and the potential for an accelerated diagnostic pathway for under-recognized patient groups. METHODS The BeyeOMARKER study is a prospective, observational, longitudinal cohort study aiming to include individuals visiting an eye-clinic. Inclusion criteria entail being ≥ 50 years old and having no prior dementia diagnosis. Excluded eye-conditions include traumatic insults, superficial inflammation, and conditions in surrounding structures of the eye that are not engaged in vision. The BeyeOMARKER cohort (n = 700) will undergo blood collection to assess plasma p-tau217 levels and a brief cognitive screening at the eye clinic. All participants will subsequently be invited for annual longitudinal follow-up including remotely administered cognitive screening and questionnaires. The BeyeOMARKER + cohort (n = 150), consisting of 100 plasma p-tau217 positive participants and 50 matched negative controls selected from the BeyeOMARKER cohort, will additionally undergo Aβ-PET and tau-PET, MRI, retinal imaging including hyperspectral imaging (primary), widefield imaging, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-Angiography (secondary), and cognitive and cortical vision assessments. RESULTS We aim to implement the current protocol between April 2024 until March 2027. Primary outcomes include the performance of plasma p-tau217 and hyperspectral retinal imaging to detect AD pathology (using Aβ- and tau-PET visual read as reference standard) and to detect cognitive decline. Initial follow-up is ~ 2 years but may be extended with additional funding. CONCLUSIONS We envision that the BeyeOMARKER study will demonstrate the feasibility of early AD detection based on blood- and eye-based biomarkers in alternative screening settings, and will improve our understanding of the eye-brain connection. TRIAL REGISTRATION The BeyeOMARKER study (Eudamed CIV ID: CIV-NL-23-09-044086; registration date: 19th of March 2024) is approved by the ethical review board of the Amsterdam UMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Bader
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands.
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081 HZ, The Netherlands.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bergman Clinics, Amsterdam, 1101 BM, The Netherlands.
| | - Colin Groot
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - H Stevie Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bergman Clinics, Amsterdam, 1101 BM, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Marie A Milongo
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bergman Clinics, Amsterdam, 1101 BM, The Netherlands
| | - Jurre den Haan
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Inge M W Verberk
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Keir Yong
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Dementia Research Centre, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | | | | | - Argonde C van Harten
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Pauline H B Kok
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bergman Clinics, Amsterdam, 1101 BM, The Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Yolande A L Pijnenburg
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Elsmarieke van de Giessen
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Femke H Bouwman
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Rik Ossenkoppele
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands.
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, 1081 HZ, The Netherlands.
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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3
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Patterson EJ, Bounds AD, Wagner SK, Kadri-Langford R, Taylor R, Daly D. Oculomics: A Crusade Against the Four Horsemen of Chronic Disease. Ophthalmol Ther 2024; 13:1427-1451. [PMID: 38630354 PMCID: PMC11109082 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-024-00942-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic, non-communicable diseases present a major barrier to living a long and healthy life. In many cases, early diagnosis can facilitate prevention, monitoring, and treatment efforts, improving patient outcomes. There is therefore a critical need to make screening techniques as accessible, unintimidating, and cost-effective as possible. The association between ocular biomarkers and systemic health and disease (oculomics) presents an attractive opportunity for detection of systemic diseases, as ophthalmic techniques are often relatively low-cost, fast, and non-invasive. In this review, we highlight the key associations between structural biomarkers in the eye and the four globally leading causes of morbidity and mortality: cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and metabolic disease. We observe that neurodegenerative disease is a particularly promising target for oculomics, with biomarkers detected in multiple ocular structures. Cardiovascular disease biomarkers are present in the choroid, retinal vasculature, and retinal nerve fiber layer, and metabolic disease biomarkers are present in the eyelid, tear fluid, lens, and retinal vasculature. In contrast, only the tear fluid emerged as a promising ocular target for the detection of cancer. The retina is a rich source of oculomics data, the analysis of which has been enhanced by artificial intelligence-based tools. Although not all biomarkers are disease-specific, limiting their current diagnostic utility, future oculomics research will likely benefit from combining data from various structures to improve specificity, as well as active design, development, and optimization of instruments that target specific disease signatures, thus facilitating differential diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Siegfried K Wagner
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Trust, 162 City Road, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | | | - Robin Taylor
- Occuity, The Blade, Abbey Square, Reading, Berkshire, RG1 3BE, UK
| | - Dan Daly
- Occuity, The Blade, Abbey Square, Reading, Berkshire, RG1 3BE, UK
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4
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Prem Senthil M, Kurban C, Thuy Nguyen N, Nguyen AP, Chakraborty R, Delaney C, Clark R, Anand S, Bhardwaj H. Role of noninvasive ocular imaging as a biomarker in peripheral artery disease (PAD): A systematic review. Vasc Med 2024; 29:215-222. [PMID: 38054219 PMCID: PMC11010562 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x231210866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to review the current literature exploring the utility of noninvasive ocular imaging for the diagnosis of peripheral artery disease (PAD). Our search was conducted in early April 2022 and included the databases Medline, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, and others. Five articles were included in the final review. Of the five studies that used ocular imaging in PAD, two studies used retinal color fundus photography, one used optical coherence tomography (OCT), and two used optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to assess the ocular changes in PAD. PAD was associated with both structural and functional changes in the retina. Structural alterations around the optic disc and temporal retinal vascular arcades were seen in color fundus photography of patients with PAD compared to healthy individuals. The presence of retinal hemorrhages, exudates, and microaneurysms in color fundus photography was associated with an increased future risk of PAD, especially the severe form of the disease. The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) was significantly thinner in the nasal quadrant in patients with PAD compared to age-matched healthy individuals in OCT. Similarly, the choroidal thickness in the subfoveal region was significantly thinner in patients with PAD compared to controls. Patients with PAD also had a significant reduction in the retinal and choroidal circulation in OCTA compared to healthy controls. As PAD causes thinning and ischemic changes in retinal vessels, examination of the retinal vessels using retinal imaging techniques can provide useful information about early microvascular damage in PAD. Ocular imaging could potentially serve as a biomarker for PAD. PROSPERO ID: CRD42022310637.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Prem Senthil
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Chroran Kurban
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ngoc Thuy Nguyen
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Anh-Phuong Nguyen
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ranjay Chakraborty
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Christopher Delaney
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Robyn Clark
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Saumya Anand
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Heena Bhardwaj
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Sáez ME, García-Sánchez A, de Rojas I, Alarcón-Martín E, Martínez J, Cano A, García-González P, Puerta R, Olivé C, Capdevila M, García-Gutiérrez F, Castilla-Martí M, Castilla-Martí L, Espinosa A, Alegret M, Ricciardi M, Pytel V, Valero S, Tárraga L, Boada M, Ruiz A, Marquié M. Genome-wide association study and polygenic risk scores of retinal thickness across the cognitive continuum: data from the NORFACE cohort. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:38. [PMID: 38365752 PMCID: PMC10870444 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01398-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have reported a relationship between retinal thickness and dementia. Therefore, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been proposed as an early diagnosis method for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) aimed at identifying genes associated with retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness assessed by OCT and exploring the relationships between the spectrum of cognitive decline (including AD and non-AD cases) and retinal thickness. METHODS RNFL and GCIPL thickness at the macula were determined using two different OCT devices (Triton and Maestro). These determinations were tested for association with common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) using adjusted linear regression models and combined using meta-analysis methods. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for retinal thickness and AD were generated. RESULTS Several genetic loci affecting retinal thickness were identified across the genome in accordance with previous reports. The genetic overlap between retinal thickness and dementia, however, was weak and limited to the GCIPL layer; only those observable with all-type dementia cases were considered. CONCLUSIONS Our study does not support the existence of a genetic link between dementia and retinal thickness.
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Grants
- Intramural Funding ACE alzheimer Center Barcelona
- Intramural Funding ACE alzheimer Center Barcelona
- Intramural Funding ACE alzheimer Center Barcelona
- Intramural Funding ACE alzheimer Center Barcelona
- Intramural Funding ACE alzheimer Center Barcelona
- Intramural Funding ACE alzheimer Center Barcelona
- Intramural Funding ACE alzheimer Center Barcelona
- Intramural Funding ACE alzheimer Center Barcelona
- Intramural Funding ACE alzheimer Center Barcelona
- Intramural Funding ACE alzheimer Center Barcelona
- Intramural Funding ACE alzheimer Center Barcelona
- Intramural Funding ACE alzheimer Center Barcelona
- Intramural Funding ACE alzheimer Center Barcelona
- Intramural Funding ACE alzheimer Center Barcelona
- Intramural Funding ACE alzheimer Center Barcelona
- Intramural Funding ACE alzheimer Center Barcelona
- Intramural Funding ACE alzheimer Center Barcelona
- Intramural Funding ACE alzheimer Center Barcelona
- Intramural Funding ACE alzheimer Center Barcelona
- Intramural Funding ACE alzheimer Center Barcelona
- PI19/00335, PI17/01474, AC17/00100, PI19/01301, PI22/01403, PMP22/00022 Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)
- PI19/00335, PI17/01474, AC17/00100, PI19/01301, PI22/01403, PMP22/00022 Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)
- PI19/00335, PI17/01474, AC17/00100, PI19/01301, PI22/01403, PMP22/00022 Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)
- PI19/00335, PI17/01474, AC17/00100, PI19/01301, PI22/01403, PMP22/00022 Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)
- PI19/00335, PI17/01474, AC17/00100, PI19/01301, PI22/01403, PMP22/00022 Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)
- PI19/00335, PI17/01474, AC17/00100, PI19/01301, PI22/01403, PMP22/00022 Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)
- PI19/00335, PI17/01474, AC17/00100, PI19/01301, PI22/01403, PMP22/00022 Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)
- PI19/00335, PI17/01474, AC17/00100, PI19/01301, PI22/01403, PMP22/00022 Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)
- PI19/00335, PI17/01474, AC17/00100, PI19/01301, PI22/01403, PMP22/00022 Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Sáez
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Andaluz de Estudios Bioinformáticos (CAEBI), Seville, Spain
| | - Ainhoa García-Sánchez
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Itziar de Rojas
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Alarcón-Martín
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Martínez
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amanda Cano
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo García-González
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Puerta
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clàudia Olivé
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Capdevila
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Castilla-Martí
- Clínica Oftalmológica Dr. Castilla, Barcelona, Spain
- Vista Alpina Eye Clinic, Visp, Switzerland
| | - Luis Castilla-Martí
- PhD Programme in Surgery and Morphological Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hôpital ophtalmique Jules-Gonin, Fondation asiles des aveugles, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ana Espinosa
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Alegret
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Ricciardi
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanesa Pytel
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Valero
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluís Tárraga
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain.
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
| | - Marta Marquié
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Chimthanawala NMA, Haria A, Sathaye S. Non-invasive Biomarkers for Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease: a New-Age Perspective. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:212-223. [PMID: 37596437 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03578-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects the elderly population. It gradually leads to memory loss, loss of thinking ability, and an overall cognitive decline. However, exhaustive literature is available to suggest that pathological changes in the brain occur decades before the first clinical symptoms appear. This review provides insight into the non-invasive biomarkers for early detection of AD that have been successfully studied in populations across the globe. These biomarkers have been detected in the blood, saliva, breath, and urine samples. Retinal imaging techniques are also reported. In this study, PubMed and Google scholar were the databases employed using keywords "Alzheimer's disease," "neurodegeneration," "non-invasive biomarkers," "early diagnosis," "blood-based biomarkers," and "preclinical AD," among others. The evaluation of these biomarkers will provide early diagnosis of AD in the preclinical stages due to their positive correlation with brain pathology in AD. Early diagnosis with reliable and timely intervention can effectively manage this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyamat M A Chimthanawala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Akash Haria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sadhana Sathaye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India.
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Suh A, Ong J, Kamran SA, Waisberg E, Paladugu P, Zaman N, Sarker P, Tavakkoli A, Lee AG. Retina Oculomics in Neurodegenerative Disease. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:2708-2721. [PMID: 37855949 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03365-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Ophthalmic biomarkers have long played a critical role in diagnosing and managing ocular diseases. Oculomics has emerged as a field that utilizes ocular imaging biomarkers to provide insights into systemic diseases. Advances in diagnostic and imaging technologies including electroretinography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy, and OCT angiography have revolutionized the ability to understand systemic diseases and even detect them earlier than clinical manifestations for earlier intervention. With the advent of increasingly large ophthalmic imaging datasets, machine learning models can be integrated into these ocular imaging biomarkers to provide further insights and prognostic predictions of neurodegenerative disease. In this manuscript, we review the use of ophthalmic imaging to provide insights into neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer Disease, Parkinson Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Huntington Disease. We discuss recent advances in ophthalmic technology including eye-tracking technology and integration of artificial intelligence techniques to further provide insights into these neurodegenerative diseases. Ultimately, oculomics opens the opportunity to detect and monitor systemic diseases at a higher acuity. Thus, earlier detection of systemic diseases may allow for timely intervention for improving the quality of life in patients with neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Suh
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Joshua Ong
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sharif Amit Kamran
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Ethan Waisberg
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Phani Paladugu
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nasif Zaman
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Prithul Sarker
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Alireza Tavakkoli
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Andrew G Lee
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6560 Fannin St #450, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
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8
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Gaber HA, Aly EM, Mohamed ES, Elfoly M, Rabie MA, Talaat MS, El-Sayed ESM. Linking Cognitive Impairment with Amyloid-β Accumulation in Alzheimer's Disease: Insights from Behavioral Tests and FTIR Spectroscopy. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:1187-1200. [PMID: 38025802 PMCID: PMC10657722 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that progresses over time. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis gives identification of the main metabolic changes that happen during neurodegeneration, by monitoring biochemical and molecular structure alterations that can help in AD diagnosis or treatment approach. Objective The aim of the present work is to assess AD hallmarks in molecular structure of retina and monitor accumulation of amyloid beta42(Aβ42) in brain and retina during disease progression. Methods AD induced in rats by Aluminum Chloride (AlCl3). Retinal molecular structure during disease progression for 2,4,6 and 8 weeks was assessed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the incidence of the disease was confirmed by a behavioural assessment; the Morris Water Maze test. Aβ42 levels in the brain and retina were also measured. Results The results indicated that cognitive impairment starting from 6 weeks of AlCl3 administration. Retinal concentration of Aβ42 was significant increase (p < 0.05) from 2 weeks that precedes the observed increase of Aβ42 in the brain which appeared after 4 weeks of AlCl3 administration. Multivariate principal component analysis discovers that the variance noticed in the infrared spectra due to AD condition and it is time dependent for progression of the disease. Conclusions The accumulation of Aβ42 is a sensitive early biomarker in retina for AD. FTIR analysis of the retina revealed changes in hydrogen bond formation or destruction, alterations in lipid chain length and branching accompanied by depleted lipid content and carbonization, as well as degeneration of the retinal tissue due to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Ahmed Gaber
- Biophysics and Laser Science Unit, Visual Science Department, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman Mohamed Aly
- Biophysics and Laser Science Unit, Visual Science Department, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman Saad Mohamed
- Biophysics and Laser Science Unit, Visual Science Department, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa Elfoly
- Ophthalmology Department, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Adel Rabie
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Pharmacy College, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Salah Talaat
- Biophysics Department, Science College, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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9
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García-Bermúdez MY, Vohra R, Freude K, van Wijngaarden P, Martin K, Thomsen MS, Aldana BI, Kolko M. Potential Retinal Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15834. [PMID: 37958816 PMCID: PMC10649108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a major diagnostic challenge, as early detection is crucial for effective intervention. This review examines the diagnostic challenges facing current AD evaluations and explores the emerging field of retinal alterations as early indicators. Recognizing the potential of the retina as a noninvasive window to the brain, we emphasize the importance of identifying retinal biomarkers in the early stages of AD. However, the examination of AD is not without its challenges, as the similarities shared with other retinal diseases introduce complexity in the search for AD-specific markers. In this review, we address the relevance of using the retina for the early diagnosis of AD and the complex challenges associated with the search for AD-specific retinal biomarkers. We provide a comprehensive overview of the current landscape and highlight avenues for progress in AD diagnosis by retinal examination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rupali Vohra
- Eye Translational Research Unit, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Kristine Freude
- Group of Stem Cell Models and Embryology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Peter van Wijngaarden
- Center for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Keith Martin
- Center for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Maj Schneider Thomsen
- Neurobiology Research and Drug Delivery, Department of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Blanca Irene Aldana
- Neurometabolism Research Group, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Miriam Kolko
- Eye Translational Research Unit, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
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10
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Seo H, Chung WG, Kwon YW, Kim S, Hong YM, Park W, Kim E, Lee J, Lee S, Kim M, Lim K, Jeong I, Song H, Park JU. Smart Contact Lenses as Wearable Ophthalmic Devices for Disease Monitoring and Health Management. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11488-11558. [PMID: 37748126 PMCID: PMC10571045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The eye contains a complex network of physiological information and biomarkers for monitoring disease and managing health, and ocular devices can be used to effectively perform point-of-care diagnosis and disease management. This comprehensive review describes the target biomarkers and various diseases, including ophthalmic diseases, metabolic diseases, and neurological diseases, based on the physiological and anatomical background of the eye. This review also includes the recent technologies utilized in eye-wearable medical devices and the latest trends in wearable ophthalmic devices, specifically smart contact lenses for the purpose of disease management. After introducing other ocular devices such as the retinal prosthesis, we further discuss the current challenges and potential possibilities of smart contact lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunkyu Seo
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Won Gi Chung
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Yong Won Kwon
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Sumin Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Yeon-Mi Hong
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Wonjung Park
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Enji Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Jakyoung Lee
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Moohyun Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Kyeonghee Lim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Inhea Jeong
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Hayoung Song
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Jang-Ung Park
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College
of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center
for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
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11
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Kaštelan S, Braš M, Pjevač N, Bakija I, Tomić Z, Pjevač Keleminić N, Gverović Antunica A. Tear Biomarkers and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13429. [PMID: 37686235 PMCID: PMC10488148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder that represents the most common type of dementia. It poses a significant diagnostic challenge that requires timely recognition and treatment. Currently, there is no effective therapy for AD; however, certain medications may slow down its progression. The discovery of AD biomarkers, namely, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography and cerebrospinal fluid molecules (amyloid-β and tau) has advanced our understanding of this disease and has been crucial for identifying early neuropathologic changes prior to clinical changes and cognitive decline. The close interrelationship between the eye and the brain suggests that tears could be an interesting source of biomarkers for AD; however, studies in this area are limited. The identification of biomarkers in tears will enable the development of cost-effective, non-invasive methods of screening, diagnosis and disease monitoring. In order to use tears as a standard method for early and non-invasive diagnosis of AD, future studies need to be conducted on a larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snježana Kaštelan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Braš
- Centre for Palliative Medicine, Medical Ethics and Communication Skills, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Neda Pjevač
- Department of Medical Statistics, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Bakija
- Department of Integrative Psychiatry, Psychiatry Hospital “Sveti Ivan”, 10090 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zora Tomić
- Health Centre of the Croatian Department of Internal Affairs, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nada Pjevač Keleminić
- Department of Family Medicine, Health Centre Zagreb-Centar, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonela Gverović Antunica
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital Dubrovnik, University of Dubrovnik, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia
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12
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Yeh TC, Cheng HC, Li HY, Chi SC, Yang HY, Yu JY, Niu DM, Wang AG. Ophthalmic characteristics and retinal vasculature changes in Williams syndrome, and its association with systemic diseases. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:2265-2271. [PMID: 36437422 PMCID: PMC10366147 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-02328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aim to characterise the ophthalmic findings and retinal vasculature changes in patients with WS, and to analyse the correlation between ophthalmic manifestations and the associated systemic diseases. METHODS This retrospective case-control study included 27 WS patients and 28 age-matched healthy participants. Stellate pattern of iris, central macular thickness (CMT), foveal width, retinal vessel diameter, superficial vascular density (SVD) of macula and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) were compared between WS patients and healthy participants. RESULTS Twenty-five patients (93%) had the classic stellate iris presentation. Compared with healthy controls, WS patients had decreased CMT, increased foveal width and a lower SVD of macula (all P < 0.001). Significantly decreased mean retinal arterial (117.9 ± 9.9 µm vs. 133.0 ± 6.7 µm in WS and controls, respectively; p < 0.001) and venous (158.9 ± 11.2 µm vs. 174.0 ± 8.0 µm in WS and controls, respectively; p < 0.001) outer diameters, as well as mean arterial wall thickness (11.2 ± 1.3 µm vs. 12.2 ± 0.8 µm in WS and controls, respectively; p < 0.01) were found in WS. Stellate iris grading was significantly associated with CMT, foveal width, retinal vessel diameter (all p < 0.05), and a significant increase in the odds of having hypertension (Odds ratio (OR), 5.63; P < 0.05). The severity of stellate iris in WS seemed to have the trend of increasing risk of having pulmonary stenosis, tricuspid regurgitation and mitral regurgitation. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first in vivo evidence reflecting current knowledge on vessel morphology in WS patients that deficient circumferential growth is the predominant pathophysiologic changes resulting from elastin deficiency. The ophthalmic characteristics may serve as a complementary tool to diagnose and follow-up patients suffering from WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Chu Yeh
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chen Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Program in Molecular Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng Chu Chi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Yang
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital Yuanshan and Suao Branch, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Yah Yu
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dau-Ming Niu
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An-Guor Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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13
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Wolf A, Tripanpitak K, Umeda S, Otake-Matsuura M. Eye-tracking paradigms for the assessment of mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1197567. [PMID: 37546488 PMCID: PMC10399700 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1197567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), representing the 'transitional zone' between normal cognition and dementia, has become a novel topic in clinical research. Although early detection is crucial, it remains logistically challenging at the same time. While traditional pen-and-paper tests require in-depth training to ensure standardized administration and accurate interpretation of findings, significant technological advancements are leading to the development of procedures for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and facilitating the diagnostic process. Some of the diagnostic protocols, however, show significant limitations that hamper their widespread adoption. Concerns about the social and economic implications of the increasing incidence of AD underline the need for reliable, non-invasive, cost-effective, and timely cognitive scoring methodologies. For instance, modern clinical studies report significant oculomotor impairments among patients with MCI, who perform poorly in visual paired-comparison tasks by ascribing less attentional resources to novel stimuli. To accelerate the Global Action Plan on the Public Health Response to Dementia 2017-2025, this work provides an overview of research on saccadic and exploratory eye-movement deficits among older adults with MCI. The review protocol was drafted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Electronic databases were systematically searched to identify peer-reviewed articles published between 2017 and 2022 that examined visual processing in older adults with MCI and reported gaze parameters as potential biomarkers. Moreover, following the contemporary trend for remote healthcare technologies, we reviewed studies that implemented non-commercial eye-tracking instrumentation in order to detect information processing impairments among the MCI population. Based on the gathered literature, eye-tracking-based paradigms may ameliorate the screening limitations of traditional cognitive assessments and contribute to early AD detection. However, in order to translate the findings pertaining to abnormal gaze behavior into clinical applications, it is imperative to conduct longitudinal investigations in both laboratory-based and ecologically valid settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Wolf
- Cognitive Behavioral Assistive Technology (CBAT), Goal-Oriented Technology Group, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kornkanok Tripanpitak
- Cognitive Behavioral Assistive Technology (CBAT), Goal-Oriented Technology Group, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Umeda
- Department of Psychology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mihoko Otake-Matsuura
- Cognitive Behavioral Assistive Technology (CBAT), Goal-Oriented Technology Group, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Latina V, Atlante A, Malerba F, La Regina F, Balzamino BO, Micera A, Pignataro A, Stigliano E, Cavallaro S, Calissano P, Amadoro G. The Cleavage-Specific Tau 12A12mAb Exerts an Anti-Amyloidogenic Action by Modulating the Endocytic and Bioenergetic Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119683. [PMID: 37298634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond deficits in hippocampal-dependent episodic memory, Alzheimer's Disease (AD) features sensory impairment in visual cognition consistent with extensive neuropathology in the retina. 12A12 is a monoclonal cleavage specific antibody (mAb) that in vivo selectively neutralizes the AD-relevant, harmful N-terminal 20-22 kDa tau fragment(s) (i.e., NH2htau) without affecting the full-length normal protein. When systemically injected into the Tg2576 mouse model overexpressing a mutant form of Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP), APPK670/671L linked to early onset familial AD, this conformation-specific tau mAb successfully reduces the NH2htau accumulating both in their brain and retina and, thus, markedly alleviates the phenotype-associated signs. By means of a combined biochemical and metabolic experimental approach, we report that 12A12mAb downregulates the steady state expression levels of APP and Beta-Secretase 1 (BACE-1) and, thus, limits the Amyloid beta (Aβ) production both in the hippocampus and retina from this AD animal model. The local, antibody-mediated anti-amyloidogenic action is paralleled in vivo by coordinated modulation of the endocytic (BIN1, RIN3) and bioenergetic (glycolysis and L-Lactate) pathways. These findings indicate for the first time that similar molecular and metabolic retino-cerebral pathways are modulated in a coordinated fashion in response to 12A12mAb treatment to tackle the neurosensorial Aβ accumulation in AD neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Latina
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Atlante
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Malerba
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico La Regina
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Bijorn Omar Balzamino
- Research Laboratories in Ophthalmology, IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo 6, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Micera
- Research Laboratories in Ophthalmology, IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo 6, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Annabella Pignataro
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Egidio Stigliano
- Area of Pathology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Cavallaro
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Pietro Calissano
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Amadoro
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
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15
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Latina V, De Introna M, Caligiuri C, Loviglio A, Florio R, La Regina F, Pignataro A, Ammassari-Teule M, Calissano P, Amadoro G. Immunotherapy with Cleavage-Specific 12A12mAb Reduces the Tau Cleavage in Visual Cortex and Improves Visuo-Spatial Recognition Memory in Tg2576 AD Mouse Model. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020509. [PMID: 36839831 PMCID: PMC9965010 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau-targeted immunotherapy is a promising approach for treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Beyond cognitive decline, AD features visual deficits consistent with the manifestation of Amyloid β-protein (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in the eyes and higher visual centers, both in animal models and affected subjects. We reported that 12A12-a monoclonal cleavage-specific antibody (mAb) which in vivo neutralizes the neurotoxic, N-terminal 20-22 kDa tau fragment(s)-significantly reduces the retinal accumulation in Tg(HuAPP695Swe)2576 mice of both tau and APP/Aβ pathologies correlated with local inflammation and synaptic deterioration. Here, we report the occurrence of N-terminal tau cleavage in the primary visual cortex (V1 area) and the beneficial effect of 12A12mAb treatment on phenotype-associated visuo-spatial deficits in this AD animal model. We found out that non-invasive administration of 12 A12mAb markedly reduced the pathological accumulation of both truncated tau and Aβ in the V1 area, correlated to significant improvement in visual recognition memory performance along with local increase in two direct readouts of cortical synaptic plasticity, including the dendritic spine density and the expression level of activity-regulated cytoskeleton protein Arc/Arg3.1. Translation of these findings to clinical therapeutic interventions could offer an innovative tau-directed opportunity to delay or halt the visual impairments occurring during AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Latina
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Margherita De Introna
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation (FSL), Centro di Ricerca Europeo sul Cervello (CERC), Via Fosso del Fiorano 64-65, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Caligiuri
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation (FSL), Centro di Ricerca Europeo sul Cervello (CERC), Via Fosso del Fiorano 64-65, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Loviglio
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Florio
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico La Regina
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Annabella Pignataro
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation (FSL), Centro di Ricerca Europeo sul Cervello (CERC), Via Fosso del Fiorano 64-65, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Martine Ammassari-Teule
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation (FSL), Centro di Ricerca Europeo sul Cervello (CERC), Via Fosso del Fiorano 64-65, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Ercole Ramarini 32, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Calissano
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Amadoro
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-49255252
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16
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Mozdbar S, Petersen M, Zhang F, Johnson L, Tolman A, Nyalakonda R, Gutierrez A, O’Bryant S. Application of Structural Retinal Biomarkers to Detect Cognitive Impairment in a Primary Care Setting. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2022; 6:749-755. [PMID: 36721487 PMCID: PMC9837730 DOI: 10.3233/adr-220070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the diagnostic accuracy of advanced neurodiagnostic procedures, the detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains poor in primary care. There is an urgent need for screening tools to aid in the detection of early AD. Objective This study examines the predictive ability of structural retinal biomarkers in detecting cognitive impairment in a primary care setting. Methods Participants were recruited from Alzheimer's Disease in Primary Care (ADPC) study. As part of the ADPC Retinal Biomarker Study (ADPC RBS), visual acuity, an ocular history questionnaire, eye pressure, optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging, and fundus imaging was performed. Results Data were examined on n = 91 participants. The top biomarkers for predicting cognitive impairment included the inferior quadrant of the outer retinal layers, all four quadrants of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, and the inferior quadrant of the macular retinal nerve fiber layer. Conclusion The current data provides strong support for continued investigation into structural retinal biomarkers, particularly the retinal nerve fiber layer, as screening tools for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Mozdbar
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Fort Worth, TX, USA,University of North Texas Health Science Center, North Texas Eye Research Institute, Fort Worth, TX, USA,Anne Burnett Marion School of Medicine at Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA,Correspondence to: Sima Mozdbar, OD, MPH, FAAO, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA. Tel.: +1 817 735 2197; Fax: +1 817 735 7983; E-mail:
| | - Melissa Petersen
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, USA,University of North Texas Health Science Center, Institute for Translational Research, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, USA,University of North Texas Health Science Center, Institute for Translational Research, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Leigh Johnson
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Fort Worth, TX, USA,University of North Texas Health Science Center, Institute for Translational Research, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Alex Tolman
- Anne Burnett Marion School of Medicine at Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Ramyashree Nyalakonda
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Alejandra Gutierrez
- Anne Burnett Marion School of Medicine at Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Sid O’Bryant
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, USA,University of North Texas Health Science Center, Institute for Translational Research, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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