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King BH, Gunathunga PB. Gustation in insects: taste qualities and types of evidence used to show taste function of specific body parts. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2023; 23:11. [PMID: 37014302 PMCID: PMC10072106 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iead018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The insect equivalent of taste buds are gustatory sensilla, which have been found on mouthparts, pharynxes, antennae, legs, wings, and ovipositors. Most gustatory sensilla are uniporous, but not all apparently uniporous sensilla are gustatory. Among sensilla containing more than one neuron, a tubular body on one dendrite is also indicative of a taste sensillum, with the tubular body adding tactile function. But not all taste sensilla are also tactile. Additional morphological criteria are often used to recognize if a sensillum is gustatory. Further confirmation of such criteria by electrophysiological or behavioral evidence is needed. The five canonical taste qualities to which insects respond are sweet, bitter, sour, salty, and umami. But not all tastants that insects respond to easily fit in these taste qualities. Categories of insect tastants can be based not only on human taste perception, but also on whether the response is deterrent or appetitive and on chemical structure. Other compounds that at least some insects taste include, but are not limited to: water, fatty acids, metals, carbonation, RNA, ATP, pungent tastes as in horseradish, bacterial lipopolysaccharides, and contact pheromones. We propose that, for insects, taste be defined not only as a response to nonvolatiles but also be restricted to responses that are, or are thought to be, mediated by a sensillum. This restriction is useful because some of the receptor proteins in gustatory sensilla are also found elsewhere.
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Trebels B, Dippel S, Anders J, Ernst C, Goetz B, Keyser T, Rexer KH, Wimmer EA, Schachtner J. Anatomic and neurochemical analysis of the palpal olfactory system in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, HERBST. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1097462. [PMID: 36998268 PMCID: PMC10043995 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1097462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The paired antennal lobes were long considered the sole primary processing centers of the olfactory pathway in holometabolous insects receiving input from the olfactory sensory neurons of the antennae and mouthparts. In hemimetabolous insects, however, olfactory cues of the antennae and palps are processed separately. For the holometabolous red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, we could show that primary processing of the palpal and antennal olfactory input also occurs separately and at distinct neuronal centers. While the antennal olfactory sensory neurons project into the antennal lobes, those of the palps project into the paired glomerular lobes and the unpaired gnathal olfactory center. Here we provide an extended analysis of the palpal olfactory pathway by combining scanning electron micrographs with confocal imaging of immunohistochemical staining and reporter expression identifying chemosensory and odorant receptor-expressing neurons in the palpal sensilla. In addition, we extended the anatomical characterization of the gnathal olfactory center by 3D reconstructions and investigated the distribution of several neuromediators. The similarities in the neuromediator repertoire between antennal lobes, glomerular lobes, and gnathal olfactory center underline the role of the latter two as additional primary olfactory processing centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Trebels
- Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Joachim Schachtner Björn Trebels Ernst A. Wimmer
| | - Stefan Dippel
- Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Janet Anders
- Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Clara Ernst
- Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Goetz
- Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tim Keyser
- Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Karl Heinz Rexer
- Biodiversity of Plants, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ernst A. Wimmer
- Department of Developmental Biology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Joachim Schachtner Björn Trebels Ernst A. Wimmer
| | - Joachim Schachtner
- Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Clausthal University of Technology, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
- *Correspondence: Joachim Schachtner Björn Trebels Ernst A. Wimmer
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Yu JX, Xiang Q, Qu JB, Hui YM, Lin T, Zeng XN, Liu JL. Octopaminergic neurons function in appetitive but not aversive olfactory learning and memory in Bactrocera dorsalis. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:1747-1760. [PMID: 35189034 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The biogenic amine octopamine (OA, invertebrate counterpart of noradrenaline) plays critical roles in the regulation of olfactory behavior. Historically, OA has been thought to mediate appetitive but not aversive learning in honeybees, fruit flies (Drosophila), and crickets. However, this viewpoint has recently been challenged because OA activity through a β-adrenergic-like receptor drives both appetitive and aversive learning. Here, we explored the roles of OA neurons in olfactory learning and memory retrieval in Bactrocera dorsalis. We trained flies to associate an orange odor with a sucrose reward or to associate methyl eugenol, a male lure, with N,N-diethyl-3-methyl benzoyl amide (DEET) punishment. We then treated flies with OA receptor antagonists before appetitive or aversive conditioning and a memory retention test. Injection of OA receptor antagonist mianserin or epinastine into the abdomen of flies led to impaired of appetitive learning and memory retention with a sucrose reward, while aversive learning and memory retention with DEET punishment remained intact. Our results suggest that the OA signaling participates in appetitive but not aversive learning and memory retrieval in B. dorsalis through OA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xin Yu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Bao Qu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Min Hui
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Biological Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xin-Nian Zeng
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Li Liu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Insect Behavior Regulation, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Xu L, Jiang HB, Tang KY, Yan Y, Schetelig MF, Wang JJ. CRISPR-mediated mutagenesis of the odorant receptor co-receptor (Orco) gene disrupts olfaction-mediated behaviors in Bactrocera dorsalis. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:1275-1286. [PMID: 34986270 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Olfaction plays an essential role in insect behavior such as host location, foraging, mating, and oviposition. The odorant receptor co-receptor (Orco) is an obligatory odorant receptor and indispensable in odor perception. Here, we characterized the Orco gene from the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), a notorious agriculture pest. The olfactory deficiency mutants were generated by editing the BdorOrco gene using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Electroantennograms (EAG) and olfactory preference assays confirmed that BdorOrco-/- mutant flies had reduced perception of methyl eugenol, β-caryophyllene, and ethyl acetate. Oviposition bioassays showed that the eggs laid by BdorOrco-/- females mediated by benzothiazole and 1-octen-3-ol were significantly decreased. In addition, BdorOrco-/- mutant flies took a significantly longer time to locate the food source compared with wild type (WT) flies. Altogether, our data indicated that Orco is essential for multiple physiological processes in B. dorsalis, and it expands our understanding of the function of insect Orco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong-Bo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai-Yue Tang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Yan
- Department of Insect Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marc F Schetelig
- Department of Insect Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Trebels B, Dippel S, Goetz B, Graebner M, Hofmann C, Hofmann F, Schmid FR, Uhl M, Vuong MP, Weber V, Schachtner J. Metamorphic development of the olfactory system in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum, HERBST). BMC Biol 2021; 19:155. [PMID: 34330268 PMCID: PMC8323255 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insects depend on their olfactory sense as a vital system. Olfactory cues are processed by a rather complex system and translated into various types of behavior. In holometabolous insects like the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, the nervous system typically undergoes considerable remodeling during metamorphosis. This process includes the integration of new neurons, as well as remodeling and elimination of larval neurons. RESULTS We find that the sensory neurons of the larval antennae are reused in the adult antennae. Further, the larval antennal lobe gets transformed into its adult version. The beetle's larval antennal lobe is already glomerularly structured, but its glomeruli dissolve in the last larval stage. However, the axons of the olfactory sensory neurons remain within the antennal lobe volume. The glomeruli of the adult antennal lobe then form from mid-metamorphosis independently of the presence of a functional OR/Orco complex but mature dependent on the latter during a postmetamorphic phase. CONCLUSIONS We provide insights into the metamorphic development of the red flour beetle's olfactory system and compared it to data on Drosophila melanogaster, Manduca sexta, and Apis mellifera. The comparison revealed that some aspects, such as the formation of the antennal lobe's adult glomeruli at mid-metamorphosis, are common, while others like the development of sensory appendages or the role of Orco seemingly differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Trebels
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Dippel
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Goetz
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Maria Graebner
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Hofmann
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Hofmann
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Freya-Rebecca Schmid
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Mara Uhl
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Minh-Phung Vuong
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Weber
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Schachtner
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Clausthal University of Technology, Adolph-Roemer-Str. 2a, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
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Ono H, Hee AKW, Jiang H. Recent Advancements in Studies on Chemosensory Mechanisms Underlying Detection of Semiochemicals in Dacini Fruit Flies of Economic Importance (Diptera: Tephritidae). INSECTS 2021; 12:106. [PMID: 33530622 PMCID: PMC7911962 DOI: 10.3390/insects12020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dacini fruit flies mainly contain two genera, Bactrocera and Zeugodacus, and include many important pests of fruits and vegetables. Their life cycle is affected by various environmental cues. Among them, multiple characteristic semiochemicals have remarkable effects on their reproductive and host-finding behaviors. Notably, floral fragrances released from so-called fruit fly orchids strongly attract males of several Dacini fruit fly species. Focusing on the strong attraction of male flies to particular chemicals, natural and synthetic lures have been used for pest management. Thus, the perception of semiochemicals is important to understand environmental adaptation in Dacini fruit flies. Since next-generation sequencers are available, a large number of chemosensory-related genes have been identified in Dacini fruit flies, as well as other insects. Furthermore, recent studies have succeeded in the functional analyses of olfactory receptors in response to semiochemicals. Thus, characterization of molecular components required for chemoreception is under way. However, the mechanisms underlying chemoreception remain largely unknown. This paper reviews recent findings on peripheral mechanisms in the perception of odors in Dacini fruit flies, describing related studies in other dipteran species, mainly the model insect Drosophilamelanogaster. Based on the review, important themes for future research have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Ono
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Alvin Kah-Wei Hee
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia;
| | - Hongbo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China;
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
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Tasnin MS, Silva R, Merkel K, Clarke AR. Response of Male Queensland Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) to Host Fruit Odors. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:1888-1893. [PMID: 32409822 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The surveillance and management of Dacini fruit fly pests are commonly split by fly gender: male trapping focuses on the dacine 'male-lures', whereas female trapping focuses on lures based on host-fruit volatiles. Although the males of several Dacini species have been reported to be attracted to host fruit volatiles, the option of using host-fruit traps for males has, to date, been ignored. Males of the cue-lure responsive fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) have been recorded as responding to host-fruit volatile blends, but it is not known how frequently this happens, if it is age-dependent, or the strength of the response relative to cue-lure throughout the year. Here, we conducted an olfactometer experiment to test the lifetime (weeks 1-15) response of B. tryoni males to the odor of tomato, a known host of this fly, and compare catches of wild males to tomato-based traps and cue-lure traps in the field. Bactrocera tryoni males started to respond to tomato odor as they sexually matured (2 to 3 wk olds) and thereafter showed consistent olfactory response until advanced age (15 wk). In the field, wild males were captured by tomato-based traps throughout the year at a level not significantly different from cue-lure traps. The reason for the consistent B. tryoni male response to host fruit odor at this stage is not known, but it certainly occurs at a level greater than can be continued to be ignored for both basic and applied research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Shahrima Tasnin
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rehan Silva
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Katharina Merkel
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anthony R Clarke
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Characterization of the olfactory system of the giant honey bee, Apis dorsata. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 379:131-145. [PMID: 31410628 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Apis dorsata is an open-nesting, undomesticated, giant honey bee found in southern Asia. We characterized a number of aspects of olfactory system of Apis dorsata and compared it with the well-characterized, western honeybee, Apis mellifera, a domesticated, cavity-nesting species. A. dorsata differs from A. mellifera in nesting behavior, foraging activity, and defense mechanisms. Hence, there can be different demands on its olfactory system. We elucidated the glomerular organization of A. dorsata by creating a digital atlas for the antennal lobe and visualized the antennal lobe tracts and localized their innervations. We showed that the neurites of Kenyon cells with cell bodies located in a neighborhood in calyx retain their relative neighborhoods in the pedunculus and the vertical lobe forming a columnar organization in the mushroom body. The vertical lobe and the calyx of the mushroom body were found to be innervated by extrinsic neurons with cell bodies in the lateral protocerebrum. We found that the species was amenable to olfactory conditioning and showed good learning and memory retention at 24 h after training. It was also amenable to massed and spaced conditioning and could distinguish trained odor from an untrained novel odor. We found that all the above mentioned features in A. dorsata are very similar to those in A. mellifera. We thereby establish A. dorsata as a good model system, strikingly similar to A. mellifera despite the differences in their nesting and foraging behavior.
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Ortega Insaurralde I, Minoli S, Toloza AC, Picollo MI, Barrozo RB. The Sensory Machinery of the Head Louse Pediculus humanus capitis: From the Antennae to the Brain. Front Physiol 2019; 10:434. [PMID: 31057423 PMCID: PMC6482248 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect antennae are sophisticated sensory organs, usually covered with sensory structures responsible for the detection of relevant signals of different modalities coming from the environment. Despite the relevance of the head louse Pediculus humanus capitis as a human parasite, the role of its antennal sensory system in the highly dependent relation established with their hosts has been barely studied. In this work, we present a functional description of the antennae of these hematophagous insects by applying different approaches, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), anterograde antennal fluorescent backfills, and behavioral experiments with intact or differentially antennectomized lice. Results constitute a first approach to identify and describe the head louse antennal sensilla and to determine the role of the antenna in host recognition. SEM images allowed us to identify a total of 35-40 sensilla belonging to seven different morphological types that according to their external architecture are candidates to bear mechano-, thermo-, hygro-, or chemo-receptor functions. The anterograde backfills revealed a direct neural pathway to the ipsilateral antennal lobe, which includes 8-10 glomerular-like diffuse structures. In the two-choice behavioral experiments, intact lice chose scalp chemicals and warm surfaces (i.e., 32°C) and avoided wet substrates. Behavioral preferences disappeared after ablation of the different flagellomeres of their antenna, allowing us to discuss about the location and function of the different identified sensilla. This is the first study that integrates morphological and behavioral aspects of the sensory machinery of head lice involved in host perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Ortega Insaurralde
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (CIPEIN), CONICET- CITEDEF, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Minoli
- Laboratorio Fisiología de Insectos, Departamento Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (DBBE), Facultad Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA, CONICET-UBA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariel Ceferino Toloza
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (CIPEIN), CONICET- CITEDEF, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Inés Picollo
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (CIPEIN), CONICET- CITEDEF, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina B Barrozo
- Laboratorio Fisiología de Insectos, Departamento Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (DBBE), Facultad Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA, CONICET-UBA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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