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Ruckli AK, Hörtenhuber S, Dippel S, Ferrari P, Gebska M, Heinonen M, Helmerichs J, Hubbard C, Spoolder H, Valros A, Winckler C, Leeb C. Access to bedding and outdoor runs for growing-finishing pigs: is it possible to improve welfare without increasing environmental impacts? Animal 2024; 18:101155. [PMID: 38703757 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Providing bedding or access to an outdoor run are husbandry aspects intended to improve pig welfare, which is currently financially supported through animal welfare schemes in several European countries. However, they may significantly affect the environment through changes in feed efficiency and manure management. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to compare farms differing in animal welfare relevant husbandry aspects regarding (1) the welfare of growing-finishing pigs and (2) environmental impact categories such as global warming (GW), acidification (AC), and freshwater (FE) and marine eutrophication (ME), by employing an attributional Life Cycle Assessment. We collected data on 50 farms with growing-finishing pigs in seven European countries. Ten animal-based welfare indicators were aggregated into three pig welfare indices using principal component analysis. Cluster analysis of farms based on husbandry aspects resulted in three clusters: NOBED (31 farms without bedding or outdoor run), BED (11 farms with bedding only) and BEDOUT (eight farms with bedding and outdoor run). Pigs on farms with bedding (BED and BEDOUT) manipulated enrichment more often (P < 0.001), pen fixtures less frequently (P = 0.003) and showed fewer oral stereotypies (P < 0.001) than pigs on NOBED farms. There were fewer pigs with a short(er) tail on farms with than without bedding (P < 0.001). Acidification of BEDOUT and BED farms was significantly higher (compared to NOBED farms P = 0.002) due to higher ammonia emissions related to farmyard manure. Also, BEDOUT farms had higher ME than NOBED farms (P = 0.035). There were no significant differences regarding GW and FE between husbandry clusters, due to the large variability within clusters regarding feed composition and conversion. Therefore, both husbandry aspects associated with improved animal welfare have a significant influence on some environmental impacts, such as acidification and marine eutrophication. Nevertheless, the large variation within clusters suggests that trade-offs may be minimised through e.g. AC and ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Ruckli
- Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria; Centre for Proper Housing of Ruminants and Pigs, Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office, Agroscope, Tänikon, 8356 Ettenhausen, Switzerland
| | - S Hörtenhuber
- Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - S Dippel
- Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Dörnbergstr. 25/27, 29223 Celle, Germany
| | - P Ferrari
- Department of Agricultural Engineering and Economics, Centro Ricerche Produzioni Animali, 42121 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - M Gebska
- Management Institute, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Heinonen
- Department of Production Animal Medicine and Research Centre for Animal Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 57, FI- 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Helmerichs
- Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Dörnbergstr. 25/27, 29223 Celle, Germany
| | - C Hubbard
- Newcastle University, Kings Road, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - H Spoolder
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, De Elst 1, 6708WD Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - A Valros
- Department of Production Animal Medicine and Research Centre for Animal Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 57, FI- 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - C Winckler
- Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - C Leeb
- Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria.
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Trebels B, Dippel S, Anders J, Ernst C, Goetz B, Keyser T, Rexer KH, Wimmer EA, Schachtner J. Anatomic and neurochemical analysis of the palpal olfactory system in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, HERBST. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1097462. [PMID: 36998268 PMCID: PMC10043995 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1097462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The paired antennal lobes were long considered the sole primary processing centers of the olfactory pathway in holometabolous insects receiving input from the olfactory sensory neurons of the antennae and mouthparts. In hemimetabolous insects, however, olfactory cues of the antennae and palps are processed separately. For the holometabolous red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, we could show that primary processing of the palpal and antennal olfactory input also occurs separately and at distinct neuronal centers. While the antennal olfactory sensory neurons project into the antennal lobes, those of the palps project into the paired glomerular lobes and the unpaired gnathal olfactory center. Here we provide an extended analysis of the palpal olfactory pathway by combining scanning electron micrographs with confocal imaging of immunohistochemical staining and reporter expression identifying chemosensory and odorant receptor-expressing neurons in the palpal sensilla. In addition, we extended the anatomical characterization of the gnathal olfactory center by 3D reconstructions and investigated the distribution of several neuromediators. The similarities in the neuromediator repertoire between antennal lobes, glomerular lobes, and gnathal olfactory center underline the role of the latter two as additional primary olfactory processing centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Trebels
- Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Joachim Schachtner Björn Trebels Ernst A. Wimmer
| | - Stefan Dippel
- Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Janet Anders
- Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Clara Ernst
- Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Goetz
- Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tim Keyser
- Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Karl Heinz Rexer
- Biodiversity of Plants, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ernst A. Wimmer
- Department of Developmental Biology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Joachim Schachtner Björn Trebels Ernst A. Wimmer
| | - Joachim Schachtner
- Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Clausthal University of Technology, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
- *Correspondence: Joachim Schachtner Björn Trebels Ernst A. Wimmer
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Hensgen R, Dippel S, Hümmert S, Jahn S, Seyfarth J, Homberg U. Myoinhibitory peptides in the central complex of the locust Schistocerca gregaria and colocalization with locustatachykinin-related peptides. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:2782-2801. [PMID: 35700405 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The central complex in the brain of insects provides a neural network for sensorimotor processing that is essential for spatial navigation and locomotion and plays a role in sleep control. Studies on the neurochemical architecture of the central complex have been performed especially in the fruit fly Drosophila melangoaster and the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. In several insect species, myoinhibitory peptides (MIPs) are involved in circadian control and sleep-wake regulation. To identify neurons that might underlie these functions, we investigated the distribution of MIPs in the central complex of the locust. In silico transcript analysis suggests the presence of eight different MIPs in the desert locust. Through immunolabeling, we identified five systems of central-complex neurons that express MIP-like peptides. Two systems constitute columnar neurons of the protocerebral bridge and the lower division of the central body, while the other three systems are columnar neurons (two systems) and tangential neurons (one system) of the upper division of the central body. The innervation pattern and cell count of two systems of columnar neurons revealed the existence of 18 instead of 16 columns of the protocerebral bridge. Immunostaining of preparations containing intracellularly stained single cells allowed us to further specify subtypes of labeled columnar neurons. Double-label experiments showed that three systems of MIP-immunostained columnar neurons are also locustatachykinin-immunoreactive. No colocalization was found with serotonin immunostaining. The data provide novel insights into the architecture of the locust central complex and suggest that MIPs play a prominent role within the central-complex network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Hensgen
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Dippel
- Department of Biology, Zoology, and Developmental Biology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Sophie Hümmert
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Jahn
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jutta Seyfarth
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Homberg
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
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Eckermann KN, Dippel S, KaramiNejadRanjbar M, Ahmed HM, Curril IM, Wimmer EA. Correction to: Perspective on the combined use of an independent transgenic sexing and a multifactorial reproductive sterility system to avoid resistance development against transgenic Sterile Insect Technique approaches. BMC Genom Data 2022; 23:32. [PMID: 35508971 PMCID: PMC9066778 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-022-01051-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kolja N Eckermann
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Department of Developmental Biology, GZMB, Ernst-Caspari-Haus, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Dippel
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Department of Developmental Biology, GZMB, Ernst-Caspari-Haus, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mohammad KaramiNejadRanjbar
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Department of Developmental Biology, GZMB, Ernst-Caspari-Haus, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hassan M Ahmed
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Department of Developmental Biology, GZMB, Ernst-Caspari-Haus, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ingrid M Curril
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Department of Developmental Biology, GZMB, Ernst-Caspari-Haus, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ernst A Wimmer
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Department of Developmental Biology, GZMB, Ernst-Caspari-Haus, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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Montino A, Balakrishnan K, Dippel S, Trebels B, Neumann P, Wimmer EA. Mutually Exclusive Expression of Closely Related Odorant-Binding Proteins 9A and 9B in the Antenna of the Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1502. [PMID: 34680135 PMCID: PMC8533528 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfaction is crucial for insects to find food sources, mates, and oviposition sites. One of the initial steps in olfaction is facilitated by odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) that translocate hydrophobic odorants through the aqueous olfactory sensilla lymph to the odorant receptor complexes embedded in the dendritic membrane of olfactory sensory neurons. The Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) OBPs encoded by the gene pair TcasOBP9A and TcasOBP9B represent the closest homologs to the well-studied Drosophila melanogaster OBP Lush (DmelOBP76a), which mediates pheromone reception. By an electroantennographic analysis, we can show that these two OBPs are not pheromone-specific but rather enhance the detection of a broad spectrum of organic volatiles. Both OBPs are expressed in the antenna but in a mutually exclusive pattern, despite their homology and gene pair character by chromosomal location. A phylogenetic analysis indicates that this gene pair arose at the base of the Cucujiformia, which dates the gene duplication event to about 200 Mio years ago. Therefore, this gene pair is not the result of a recent gene duplication event and the high sequence conservation in spite of their expression in different sensilla is potentially the result of a common function as co-OBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Montino
- GZMB, Department of Developmental Biology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Ernst-Caspari-Haus, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; (A.M.); (S.D.)
- Goettingen Graduate Center for Neurosciences, Biophysics, and Molecular Biosciences, Georg-August University School of Science, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Karthi Balakrishnan
- Department of Forest Zoology and Forest Conservation, Buesgen-Institute, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Buesgenweg 3, 37077 Goettingen, Germany;
| | - Stefan Dippel
- GZMB, Department of Developmental Biology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Ernst-Caspari-Haus, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; (A.M.); (S.D.)
- Department of Biology—Animal Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Björn Trebels
- Department of Biology—Animal Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Piotr Neumann
- GZMB, Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Institute of Microbiology & Genetics, Ernst-Caspari-Haus, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany;
| | - Ernst A. Wimmer
- GZMB, Department of Developmental Biology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Ernst-Caspari-Haus, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; (A.M.); (S.D.)
- Goettingen Graduate Center for Neurosciences, Biophysics, and Molecular Biosciences, Georg-August University School of Science, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
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Trebels B, Dippel S, Goetz B, Graebner M, Hofmann C, Hofmann F, Schmid FR, Uhl M, Vuong MP, Weber V, Schachtner J. Metamorphic development of the olfactory system in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum, HERBST). BMC Biol 2021; 19:155. [PMID: 34330268 PMCID: PMC8323255 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insects depend on their olfactory sense as a vital system. Olfactory cues are processed by a rather complex system and translated into various types of behavior. In holometabolous insects like the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, the nervous system typically undergoes considerable remodeling during metamorphosis. This process includes the integration of new neurons, as well as remodeling and elimination of larval neurons. RESULTS We find that the sensory neurons of the larval antennae are reused in the adult antennae. Further, the larval antennal lobe gets transformed into its adult version. The beetle's larval antennal lobe is already glomerularly structured, but its glomeruli dissolve in the last larval stage. However, the axons of the olfactory sensory neurons remain within the antennal lobe volume. The glomeruli of the adult antennal lobe then form from mid-metamorphosis independently of the presence of a functional OR/Orco complex but mature dependent on the latter during a postmetamorphic phase. CONCLUSIONS We provide insights into the metamorphic development of the red flour beetle's olfactory system and compared it to data on Drosophila melanogaster, Manduca sexta, and Apis mellifera. The comparison revealed that some aspects, such as the formation of the antennal lobe's adult glomeruli at mid-metamorphosis, are common, while others like the development of sensory appendages or the role of Orco seemingly differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Trebels
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Dippel
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Goetz
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Maria Graebner
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Hofmann
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Hofmann
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Freya-Rebecca Schmid
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Mara Uhl
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Minh-Phung Vuong
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Weber
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Schachtner
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Clausthal University of Technology, Adolph-Roemer-Str. 2a, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
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Homberg U, Hensgen R, Rieber E, Seyfarth J, Kern M, Dippel S, Dircksen H, Spänig L, Kina YP. Orcokinin in the central complex of the locust Schistocerca gregaria: Identification of immunostained neurons and colocalization with other neuroactive substances. J Comp Neurol 2020; 529:1876-1894. [PMID: 33128250 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The central complex is a group of highly interconnected neuropils in the insect brain. It is involved in the control of spatial orientation, based on external compass cues and various internal needs. The functional and neurochemical organization of the central complex has been studied in detail in the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. In addition to classical neurotransmitters, immunocytochemistry has provided evidence for a major contribution of neuropeptides to neural signaling within the central complex. To complement these data, we have identified all orcokinin-immunoreactive neurons in the locust central complex and associated brain areas. About 50 bilateral pairs of neurons innervating all substructures of the central complex exhibit orcokinin immunoreactivity. Among these were about 20 columnar neurons, 33 bilateral pairs of tangential neurons of the central body, and seven pairs of tangential neurons of the protocerebral bridge. In silico transcript analysis suggests the presence of eight different orcokinin-A type peptides in the desert locust. Double label experiments showed that all orcokinin-immunostained tangential neurons of the lateral accessory lobe cluster were also immunoreactive for GABA and the GABA-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase. Two types of tangential neurons of the upper division of the central body were, furthermore, also labeled with an antiserum against Dip-allatostatin I. No colocalization was found with serotonin immunostaining. The data provide additional insights into the neurochemical organization of the locust central complex and suggest that orcokinin-peptides of the orcokinin-A gene act as neuroactive substances at all stages of signal processing in this brain area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Homberg
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology & Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ronja Hensgen
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology & Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Evelyn Rieber
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology & Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany.,Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jutta Seyfarth
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology & Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kern
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology & Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Dippel
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology & Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Lisa Spänig
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology & Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Yelda Pakize Kina
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology & Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
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Trebels B, Dippel S, Schaaf M, Balakrishnan K, Wimmer EA, Schachtner J. Adult neurogenesis in the mushroom bodies of red flour beetles (Tribolium castaneum, HERBST) is influenced by the olfactory environment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1090. [PMID: 31974446 PMCID: PMC6978414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57639-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies showed adult persisting neurogenesis in insects, including the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, while it is absent in honeybees, carpenter ants, and vinegar flies. In our study, we focus on cell proliferation in the adult mushroom bodies of T. castaneum. We reliably labelled the progenies of the adult persisting mushroom body neuroblasts and determined the proliferation rate under several olfactory conditions within the first week after adult eclosion. We found at least two phases of Kenyon cell proliferation in the early adult beetle. Our results suggest that the generation of Kenyon cells during the first three days after adult eclosion is mainly genetically predetermined and a continuation of the developmental processes (nature), whereas from day four on proliferation seems to be mainly dependent on the odour environment (nurture). Considering that the mushroom bodies are linked to learning and memory, neurogenesis in the mushroom bodies is part of the remodelling of neuronal circuits leading to the adaption to the environment and optimization of behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Trebels
- Philipps-University Marburg, Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Dippel
- Philipps-University Marburg, Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Magdalina Schaaf
- Philipps-University Marburg, Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Karthi Balakrishnan
- Department of Forest Zoology and Forest Conservation, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Büsgen-Institute, Büsgenweg 3, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Ernst A Wimmer
- Department of Developmental Biology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, GZMB, Ernst-Caspari-Haus, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Joachim Schachtner
- Philipps-University Marburg, Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
- Clausthal University of Technology, Adolph-Roemer-Str. 2a, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany.
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Herndon N, Shelton J, Gerischer L, Ioannidis P, Ninova M, Dönitz J, Waterhouse RM, Liang C, Damm C, Siemanowski J, Kitzmann P, Ulrich J, Dippel S, Oberhofer G, Hu Y, Schwirz J, Schacht M, Lehmann S, Montino A, Posnien N, Gurska D, Horn T, Seibert J, Vargas Jentzsch IM, Panfilio KA, Li J, Wimmer EA, Stappert D, Roth S, Schröder R, Park Y, Schoppmeier M, Chung HR, Klingler M, Kittelmann S, Friedrich M, Chen R, Altincicek B, Vilcinskas A, Zdobnov E, Griffiths-Jones S, Ronshaugen M, Stanke M, Brown SJ, Bucher G. Enhanced genome assembly and a new official gene set for Tribolium castaneum. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:47. [PMID: 31937263 PMCID: PMC6961396 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum has emerged as an important model organism for the study of gene function in development and physiology, for ecological and evolutionary genomics, for pest control and a plethora of other topics. RNA interference (RNAi), transgenesis and genome editing are well established and the resources for genome-wide RNAi screening have become available in this model. All these techniques depend on a high quality genome assembly and precise gene models. However, the first version of the genome assembly was generated by Sanger sequencing, and with a small set of RNA sequence data limiting annotation quality. Results Here, we present an improved genome assembly (Tcas5.2) and an enhanced genome annotation resulting in a new official gene set (OGS3) for Tribolium castaneum, which significantly increase the quality of the genomic resources. By adding large-distance jumping library DNA sequencing to join scaffolds and fill small gaps, the gaps in the genome assembly were reduced and the N50 increased to 4753kbp. The precision of the gene models was enhanced by the use of a large body of RNA-Seq reads of different life history stages and tissue types, leading to the discovery of 1452 novel gene sequences. We also added new features such as alternative splicing, well defined UTRs and microRNA target predictions. For quality control, 399 gene models were evaluated by manual inspection. The current gene set was submitted to Genbank and accepted as a RefSeq genome by NCBI. Conclusions The new genome assembly (Tcas5.2) and the official gene set (OGS3) provide enhanced genomic resources for genetic work in Tribolium castaneum. The much improved information on transcription start sites supports transgenic and gene editing approaches. Further, novel types of information such as splice variants and microRNA target genes open additional possibilities for analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolae Herndon
- Department of Computer Science, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Jennifer Shelton
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Lizzy Gerischer
- Institut für Mathematik und Informatik, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Panos Ioannidis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Ninova
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jürgen Dönitz
- Department of Evolutionary Developmental Genetics, GZMB, University of Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robert M Waterhouse
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chun Liang
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Carsten Damm
- Institut für Informatik, Fakultät für Mathematik und Informatik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Goldschmidtstr. 7, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Janna Siemanowski
- Department of Evolutionary Developmental Genetics, GZMB, University of Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Kitzmann
- Department of Evolutionary Developmental Genetics, GZMB, University of Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Ulrich
- Department of Evolutionary Developmental Genetics, GZMB, University of Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Dippel
- Göttinger Graduiertenschule fur Neurowissenschaften Biophysik und Molekulare Biowissenschaften, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Georg Oberhofer
- Department of Evolutionary Developmental Genetics, GZMB, University of Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yonggang Hu
- Department of Evolutionary Developmental Genetics, GZMB, University of Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Schwirz
- Department of Evolutionary Developmental Genetics, GZMB, University of Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Magdalena Schacht
- Department of Evolutionary Developmental Genetics, GZMB, University of Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Lehmann
- Department of Evolutionary Developmental Genetics, GZMB, University of Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alice Montino
- Department of Evolutionary Developmental Genetics, GZMB, University of Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nico Posnien
- Department of Developmental Biology, GZMB, University of Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Gurska
- Institute for Zoology: Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thorsten Horn
- Institute for Zoology: Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Seibert
- Institute for Zoology: Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Iris M Vargas Jentzsch
- Institute for Zoology: Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kristen A Panfilio
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Campus, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jianwei Li
- Department Developmental Biology, GZMB, University of Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ernst A Wimmer
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Stappert
- Institute of Zoology: Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Weg 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Siegfried Roth
- Institute of Zoology: Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Weg 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schröder
- Institut für Biowissenschaften, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Yoonseong Park
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Michael Schoppmeier
- Department of Biology, Divison of Developmental Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ho-Ryun Chung
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnenstraße 63-73, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Klingler
- Department of Biology, Division of Developmental Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kittelmann
- Oxford Brookes University, Centre for Functional Genomics, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Markus Friedrich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Boran Altincicek
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES-Phytomedicine), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Evgeny Zdobnov
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sam Griffiths-Jones
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Matthew Ronshaugen
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Mario Stanke
- Institut für Mathematik und Informatik, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Sue J Brown
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
| | - Gregor Bucher
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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Grümpel A, Krieter J, Dippel S. Reducing estimated tail biting risk in German weaner pigs using a management tool. Vet J 2019; 254:105406. [PMID: 31836167 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.105406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The tail biting management tool 'SchwIP' was developed to analyse estimated farm individual risk for tail biting and to support farmers to reduce risk. The risk factors included in SchwIP had been weighted by 61 experts regarding their strength of influence on tail biting. SchwIP was applied on 21 conventional farms throughout Germany that kept weaner pigs in closed barns. All farms were assessed with the SchwIP questionnaire and received farm-individual feedback and advice on how to reduce tail biting risk. There were no control farms with assessment only, because asking questions could raise awareness thus triggering improvements. Each farm was visited three times at 6 monthly intervals. Risk factor data collected on farms were replaced with the corresponding expert weighting, and weightings were then standardised to a range of 0 - 1 across all farms and visits. All standardised risks were summarised per farm and visit. From this, within-farm differences in farm risk sums between visit 1 and 2 (ΔRS12), 2 and 3 (ΔRS23) and 1 and 3 (ΔRS13), and the association between changes in single risk factors with ΔRS, were calculated. Farm risk sums significantly decreased from visit 1 to visit 2 and 3, respectively, but not from visit 2 to visit 3. Change in farm risk sums between visit 1 and 2 was significantly correlated with 59 factors; ΔRS23 with 54 factors; and ΔRS13 with 57 factors. Eighteen factors were significantly associated with all three ΔRS. The management tool SchwIP contributed to a reduction in estimated risk for tail biting in weaners after the first visit. There was no apparent pattern of changes in risk factors on the farms, which underlines the multifactorial nature of tail biting. Further on-farm research on tail biting risk factors and tail lesions is needed to better understand the complex relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grümpel
- Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Dörnbergstraße 25/27, Celle, 29223, Germany
| | - J Krieter
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 6, Kiel, 24098, Germany
| | - S Dippel
- Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Dörnbergstraße 25/27, Celle, 29223, Germany.
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Eckermann KN, Ahmed HMM, KaramiNejadRanjbar M, Dippel S, Ogaugwu CE, Kitzmann P, Isah MD, Wimmer EA. Hyperactive piggyBac transposase improves transformation efficiency in diverse insect species. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 98:16-24. [PMID: 29653176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Even in times of advanced site-specific genome editing tools, the improvement of DNA transposases is still on high demand in the field of transgenesis: especially in emerging model systems where evaluated integrase landing sites have not yet been created and more importantly in non-model organisms such as agricultural pests and disease vectors, in which reliable sequence information and genome annotations are still pending. In fact, random insertional mutagenesis is essential to identify new genomic locations that are not influenced by position effects and thus can serve as future stable transgene integration sites. In this respect, a hyperactive version of the most widely used piggyBac transposase (PBase) has been engineered. The hyperactive version (hyPBase) is currently available with the original insect codon-based coding sequence (ihyPBase) as well as in a mammalian codon-optimized (mhyPBase) version. Both facilitate significantly higher rates of transposition when expressed in mammalian in vitro and in vivo systems compared to the classical PBase at similar protein levels. Here we demonstrate that the usage of helper plasmids encoding the hyPBase - irrespective of the codon-usage - also strikingly increases the rate of successful germline transformation in the Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly) Ceratitis capitata, the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, and the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster. hyPBase-encoding helpers are therefore highly suitable for the generation of transgenic strains of diverse insect orders. Depending on the species, we achieved up to 15-fold higher germline transformation rates compared to PBase and generated hard to obtain transgenic T. castaneum strains that express constructs affecting fitness and viability. Moreover, previously reported high sterility rates supposedly caused by hyPBase (iPB7), encoded by ihyPBase, could not be confirmed by our study. Therefore, we value hyPBase as an effective genetic engineering tool that we highly recommend for insect transgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolja N Eckermann
- Department of Developmental Biology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Göttingen Graduate Center for Neurosciences, Biophysics, and Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; Molecular Cell Dynamics, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hassan M M Ahmed
- Department of Developmental Biology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mohammad KaramiNejadRanjbar
- Department of Developmental Biology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Dippel
- Department of Developmental Biology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian E Ogaugwu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Kitzmann
- Göttingen Graduate Center for Neurosciences, Biophysics, and Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Developmental Genetics, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Musa D Isah
- Department of Developmental Biology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ernst A Wimmer
- Department of Developmental Biology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Göttingen Graduate Center for Neurosciences, Biophysics, and Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
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Vom Brocke AL, Madey DP, Gauly M, Schrader L, Dippel S. Training veterinarians and agricultural advisers on a novel tool for tail biting prevention. Vet Rec Open 2015; 2:e000083. [PMID: 26392897 PMCID: PMC4567155 DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2014-000083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Many health and welfare problems in modern livestock production are multifactorial problems which require innovative solutions, such as novel risk assessment and management tools. However, the best way to distribute such novel - and usually complex - tools to the key applicants still has to be discussed. Materials and methods This paper shares experiences from distributing a novel tail biting prevention tool (‘SchwIP’) to 115 farm advisers and 19 veterinarians in 23 one-day workshops. Participants gave written and oral feedback at the end of the workshops, which was later analysed together with the number of farms they had visited after the workshops. Workshop groups were categorised into groups showing (a) HIGH, (b) INTermediate or (c) LOW levels of antagonism against SchwIP or parts of it during workshop discussions. Results Group types did not significantly differ in their evaluation of knowledge transfer. However, HIGH group members evaluated the on-farm usability of the tool significantly lower in the workshop feedback and tended to visit fewer farms. Conclusions As antagonistic discussion can influence workshop output, future workshop leaders should strive for basic communication training as well as some group leadership experience before setting up and leading workshops.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Vom Brocke
- Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut , Celle , Germany
| | - D P Madey
- Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut , Celle , Germany
| | - M Gauly
- Department of Animal Science , University of Göttingen, Livestock Production Systems Group , Göttingen , Germany ; Faculty of Science and Technology , Free University of Bolzano, Animal Science , Bozen , Italy
| | - L Schrader
- Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut , Celle , Germany
| | - S Dippel
- Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut , Celle , Germany
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Dippel S, Oberhofer G, Kahnt J, Gerischer L, Opitz L, Schachtner J, Stanke M, Schütz S, Wimmer EA, Angeli S. Tissue-specific transcriptomics, chromosomal localization, and phylogeny of chemosensory and odorant binding proteins from the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum reveal subgroup specificities for olfaction or more general functions. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1141. [PMID: 25523483 PMCID: PMC4377858 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemoreception is based on the senses of smell and taste that are crucial for animals to find new food sources, shelter, and mates. The initial step in olfaction involves the translocation of odorants from the periphery through the aqueous lymph of the olfactory sensilla to the odorant receptors most likely by chemosensory proteins (CSPs) or odorant binding proteins (OBPs). Results To better understand the roles of CSPs and OBPs in a coleopteran pest species, the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae), we performed transcriptome analyses of male and female antennae, heads, mouthparts, legs, and bodies, which revealed that all 20 CSPs and 49 of the 50 previously annotated OBPs are transcribed. Only six of the 20 CSP are significantly transcriptionally enriched in the main chemosensory tissues (antenna and/or mouthparts), whereas of the OBPs all eight members of the antenna binding proteins II (ABPII) subgroup, 18 of the 20 classic OBP subgroup, the C + OBP, and only five of the 21 C-OBPs show increased chemosensory tissue expression. By MALDI-TOF-TOF MS protein fingerprinting, we confirmed three CSPs, four ABPIIs, three classic OBPs, and four C-OBPs in the antennae. Conclusions Most of the classic OBPs and all ABPIIs are likely involved in chemoreception. A few are also present in other tissues such as odoriferous glands and testes and may be involved in release or transfer of chemical signals. The majority of the CSPs as well as the C-OBPs are not enriched in antennae or mouthparts, suggesting a more general role in the transport of hydrophobic molecules. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-1141) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ernst A Wimmer
- Department of Developmental Biology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, GZMB, Ernst-Caspari-Haus, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Goettingen 37077, Germany.
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Eckermann KN, Dippel S, KaramiNejadRanjbar M, Ahmed HM, Curril IM, Wimmer EA. Perspective on the combined use of an independent transgenic sexing and a multifactorial reproductive sterility system to avoid resistance development against transgenic Sterile Insect Technique approaches. BMC Genet 2014; 15 Suppl 2:S17. [PMID: 25471733 PMCID: PMC4255789 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-15-s2-s17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is an accepted species-specific genetic control approach that acts as an insect birth control measure, which can be improved by biotechnological engineering to facilitate its use and widen its applicability. First transgenic insects carrying a single killing system have already been released in small scale trials. However, to evade resistance development to such transgenic approaches, completely independent ways of transgenic killing should be established and combined. Perspective Most established transgenic sexing and reproductive sterility systems are based on the binary tTA expression system that can be suppressed by adding tetracycline to the food. However, to create 'redundant killing' an additional independent conditional expression system is required. Here we present a perspective on the use of a second food-controllable binary expression system - the inducible Q system - that could be used in combination with site-specific recombinases to generate independent transgenic killing systems. We propose the combination of an already established transgenic embryonic sexing system to meet the SIT requirement of male-only releases based on the repressible tTA system together with a redundant male-specific reproductive sterility system, which is activated by Q-system controlled site-specific recombination and is based on a spermatogenesis-specifically expressed endonuclease acting on several species-specific target sites leading to chromosome shredding. Conclusion A combination of a completely independent transgenic sexing and a redundant reproductive male sterility system, which do not share any active components and mediate the induced lethality by completely independent processes, would meet the 'redundant killing' criteria for suppression of resistance development and could therefore be employed in large scale long-term suppression programs using biotechnologically enhanced SIT.
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Dreyer D, Vitt H, Dippel S, Goetz B, El Jundi B, Kollmann M, Huetteroth W, Schachtner J. 3D Standard Brain of the Red Flour Beetle Tribolium Castaneum: A Tool to Study Metamorphic Development and Adult Plasticity. Front Syst Neurosci 2010; 4:3. [PMID: 20339482 PMCID: PMC2845059 DOI: 10.3389/neuro.06.003.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum is emerging as a further standard insect model beside Drosophila. Its genome is fully sequenced and it is susceptible for genetic manipulations including RNA-interference. We use this beetle to study adult brain development and plasticity primarily with respect to the olfactory system. In the current study, we provide 3D standard brain atlases of freshly eclosed adult female and male beetles (A0). The atlases include eight paired and three unpaired neuropils including antennal lobes (ALs), optic lobe neuropils, mushroom body calyces and pedunculi, and central complex. For each of the two standard brains, we averaged brain areas of 20 individual brains. Additionally, we characterized eight selected olfactory glomeruli from 10 A0 female and male beetles respectively, which we could unequivocally recognize from individual to individual owing to their size and typical position in the ALs. In summary, comparison of the averaged neuropil volumes revealed no sexual dimorphism in any of the reconstructed neuropils in A0 Tribolium brains. Both, the female and male 3D standard brain are also used for interspecies comparisons, and, importantly, will serve as future volumetric references after genetical manipulation especially regarding metamorphic development and adult plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dreyer
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg Marburg, Germany
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Dippel S, Dolezal M, Brenninkmeyer C, Brinkmann J, March S, Knierim U, Winckler C. Risk factors for lameness in freestall-housed dairy cows across two breeds, farming systems, and countries. J Dairy Sci 2009; 92:5476-86. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Today's digital radiography systems mostly use unsharp maskinglike enhancement algorithms based on splitting input images into two or three frequency channels. This method allows fine detail enhancement as well as processing of global contrast (harmonization). However, structures of medium size are not accessible. In extension of a standard algorithm of such type, we develop and test a new enhancement algorithm based on hierarchically repeated unsharp masking, resulting in a multiscale architecture allowing consistent access to structures of all sizes. Our algorithm decomposes a radiograph by a pyramid-architecture, dividing it into eight or more channels representing structures of different sizes, known as "scales." At each scale, weakly contrasting structures are then enhanced by suitable nonlinear processing. We emphasize two points: first, backward compatibility to the standard algorithm which is used routinely in clinical practice. This allows reuse of current parametrization know-how as well as a smooth transition from current to new processing. Second, our enhancement is noise-resistant in the sense that it prevents unacceptable noise amplification. A prototype implementation of the algorithm is undergoing trials in the clinical routine of radiology departments of major German hospitals. Results strongly indicate the superior performance and high acceptance of the new processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stahl
- Philips Research, Hamburg, Germany
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Dippel S, Batrouni GG, Wolf DE. Collision-induced friction in the motion of a single particle on a bumpy inclined line. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1996; 54:6845-6856. [PMID: 9965912 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.54.6845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Batrouni GG, Dippel S, Samson L. Stochastic model for the motion of a particle on an inclined rough plane and the onset of viscous friction. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1996; 53:6496-6503. [PMID: 9965012 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.53.6496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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