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Castañeyra-Perdomo A, Gonzalez-Mora JL, Carmona-Calero EM, Makris N, Carrasco-Juan JL. A Narrative Review on the Clinical Relevance of Imaging the Circumventricular Brain Organs and Performing Their Anatomical and Histopathological Examination in Acute and Postacute COVID-19. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2024; 45:151-156. [PMID: 38739896 DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Autopsy followed by histopathological examination is foundational in clinical and forensic medicine for discovering and understanding pathological changes in disease, their underlying processes, and cause of death. Imaging technology has become increasingly important for advancing clinical research and practice, given its noninvasive, in vivo and ex vivo applicability. Medical and forensic autopsy can benefit greatly from advances in imaging technology that lead toward minimally invasive, whole-brain virtual autopsy. Brain autopsy followed by histopathological examination is still the hallmark for understanding disease and a fundamental modus operandi in forensic pathology and forensic medicine, despite the fact that its practice has become progressively less frequent in medical settings. This situation is especially relevant with respect to new diseases such as COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, for which our neuroanatomical knowledge is sparse. In this narrative review, we show that ad hoc clinical autopsies and histopathological analyses combined with neuroimaging of the principal circumventricular organs are critical to gaining insight into the reconstruction of the pathophysiological mechanisms and the explanation of cause of death (ie, atrium mortis) related to the cardiovascular effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in forensic and clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Castañeyra-Perdomo
- From the Universidad de La Laguna, Área de Anatomía y Fisiología, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, San Cristobal de la Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Gonzalez-Mora
- From the Universidad de La Laguna, Área de Anatomía y Fisiología, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, San Cristobal de la Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Emilia Maria Carmona-Calero
- From the Universidad de La Laguna, Área de Anatomía y Fisiología, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, San Cristobal de la Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Nikos Makris
- Center for Morphometric Analysis, Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jose Luis Carrasco-Juan
- Universidad de La Laguna, Área de Histología, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, San Cristobal de la Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Fava E, Colistra D, Fragale M, Cenzato M. A novel method of neurophysiological brainstem mapping in neurosurgery. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 405:110096. [PMID: 38428822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brainstem mapping with electrical stimulation allows functional identification of neural structures during resection of deep lesions. Single pulses or train of pulses are delivered to map cranial nerves and corticospinal tracts, respectively. NEW METHOD We introduce a hybrid stimulation technique for mapping the brainstem. The stimulus consists of an electrical single pulse followed by a short train of 3-5 pulses at 500 Hz, at an interval of 60-75 ms. The responses to this stimulation pattern are recorded from appropriate cranial and limb muscles. RESULTS Both the single pulse and the short train elicit electromyographic responses when motor fibers or motor nuclei of the cranial nerves are stimulated. Responses to the train but not to the preceding single pulse indicate activation of the descending motor tracts, in the mesencephalon and the pons. Conversely, in the medulla, limb responses to stimulation of the corticospinal tracts are elicited by a single pulse. Identification of the extra and intra-axial courses of the trigeminal motor and sensory fibers is possible by recording responses from the masseter and the tongue muscles. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) To date, either a pulse or a train is delivered during brainstem mapping, switching from one to the other modality according to the expected target structure. This procedure can be time-consuming and may even lead to false negative responses to the stimulation, eventually leading to inaccurate neurosurgical procedures. CONCLUSIONS The novel hybrid pulse-train technique enhances the advantage of brainstem mapping procedure, minimizing pitfalls and improving patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Fava
- Department of Neurosurgery, Great Metropolitan Hospital of Niguarda, University of Milano, Italy.
| | - Davide Colistra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Great Metropolitan Hospital of Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Fragale
- Department of Neurosurgery, Great Metropolitan Hospital of Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Cenzato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Great Metropolitan Hospital of Niguarda, Milano, Italy
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3
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Ogut E, Kaya P, Karakas O, Yildiz E, Sozge I. Investigations into the anatomical location, physiological function, clinical implications, and significance of the nucleus of Perlia. Acta Neurol Belg 2024:10.1007/s13760-024-02533-w. [PMID: 38583111 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-024-02533-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The article discusses the investigations into the nucleus of Perlia (NP), a spindle-shaped nucleus located in the dorsal aspect of the oculomotor complex. However, there is still debate over its exact location and function, with conflicting findings in nonhuman primates. Therefore, the current study aimed the describe the location, function, clinical and surgical implications of NP. METHODS A systematic review was conducted to identify studies related to the following MeSH terms: "perlia nucleus" OR "nucleus of "perlia" OR "convergence nucleus" OR "nucleus of convergence" OR "Perlia's nucleus". The search was conducted until September 2022. RESULTS The location of the NP has been consistently reported in various studies, with most describing it as situated ventral to the Edinger-Westphal nucleus (EW) and dorsomedial to the oculomotor complex. The incidence of the NP in humans has been reported to range from 9 to 40%. In primates, it was observed to be absent in 77% of midbrains, while well developed in 9%. It is also noted that the NP is not a single nucleus, but rather a group of nuclei that are interconnected and involved in the coordination of eye movements that contain parasympathetic neurons. CONCLUSIONS The study of the NP holds clinical implications for understanding the neural mechanisms underlying the irregularities in the pupillary light reflex, such as anisocoria or abnormal responses to light, diagnosis, and treatment of neurological disorders like Horner's syndrome, and management of eye movement disorders including one-and-a-half syndrome, vertical gaze palsy, skew deviation and ptosis. The current study also highlighted the limitations of previous studies, including variations in the reported prevalence of the NP, limitations of the histological techniques, and inconsistent findings across human and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eren Ogut
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34700, Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Pamirhan Kaya
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Faculty Student, Bahçeşehir University, 34734, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ozge Karakas
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Faculty Student, Bahçeşehir University, 34734, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Edanur Yildiz
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Faculty Student, Bahçeşehir University, 34734, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ilgin Sozge
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Faculty Student, Bahçeşehir University, 34734, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Mohammadi MS, Planty-Bonjour A, Poupon F, Uszynski I, Poupon C, Destrieux C, Andersson F. ProbaStem, a pipeline towards the first high-resolution probabilistic atlas of the whole human brainstem. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:115-132. [PMID: 37924354 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02726-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The brainstem plays an essential role in many vital functions, such as autonomic control, consciousness and sleep, motricity, somatic afferent function, and cognition. Its involvement in several neurological diseases and the definition of brainstem targets for deep brain stimulation (DBS) explain the need for brainstem atlases describing its structural organization and connectivity from several modalities, from histology to ultrahigh field ex vivo MRI. Nonetheless, these atlases are often limited to a subpart of the brainstem or only include a single subject, the brainstem variability being considered low. This paper proposes a pipeline to create a high-resolution multisubject probabilistic atlas of the whole human brainstem based on four ultrahigh field ex vivo MRI datasets. The variability of the brainstem structures appears higher than usually considered, both for the volume and position of the central gray matter structures of the brainstem. This justifies the creation of atlases that capture the anatomical variability across subjects. The one we present here only included four specimens, but can easily be incremented due to its highly flexible design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexia Planty-Bonjour
- UMR 1253, Inserm, iBrain, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Fabrice Poupon
- CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Paris-Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ivy Uszynski
- CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Paris-Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Cyril Poupon
- CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Paris-Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christophe Destrieux
- UMR 1253, Inserm, iBrain, Université de Tours, Tours, France.
- CHRU de Tours, Tours, France.
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Xie Y, Zhang L, Guo S, Peng R, Gong H, Yang M. Changes in respiratory structure and function after traumatic cervical spinal cord injury: observations from spinal cord and brain. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1251833. [PMID: 37869136 PMCID: PMC10587692 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1251833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory difficulties and mortality following severe cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) result primarily from malfunctions of respiratory pathways and the paralyzed diaphragm. Nonetheless, individuals with CSCI can experience partial recovery of respiratory function through respiratory neuroplasticity. For decades, researchers have revealed the potential mechanism of respiratory nerve plasticity after CSCI, and have made progress in tissue healing and functional recovery. While most existing studies on respiratory plasticity after spinal cord injuries have focused on the cervical spinal cord, there is a paucity of research on respiratory-related brain structures following such injuries. Given the interconnectedness of the spinal cord and the brain, traumatic changes to the former can also impact the latter. Consequently, are there other potential therapeutic targets to consider? This review introduces the anatomy and physiology of typical respiratory centers, explores alterations in respiratory function following spinal cord injuries, and delves into the structural foundations of modified respiratory function in patients with CSCI. Additionally, we propose that magnetic resonance neuroimaging holds promise in the study of respiratory function post-CSCI. By studying respiratory plasticity in the brain and spinal cord after CSCI, we hope to guide future clinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Xie
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Guo
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Run Peng
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiming Gong
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mingliang Yang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
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Bates S, Dumoulin SO, Folkers PJM, Formisano E, Goebel R, Haghnejad A, Helmich RC, Klomp D, van der Kolk AG, Li Y, Nederveen A, Norris DG, Petridou N, Roell S, Scheenen TWJ, Schoonheim MM, Voogt I, Webb A. A vision of 14 T MR for fundamental and clinical science. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 36:211-225. [PMID: 37036574 PMCID: PMC10088620 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-023-01081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We outline our vision for a 14 Tesla MR system. This comprises a novel whole-body magnet design utilizing high temperature superconductor; a console and associated electronic equipment; an optimized radiofrequency coil setup for proton measurement in the brain, which also has a local shim capability; and a high-performance gradient set. RESEARCH FIELDS The 14 Tesla system can be considered a 'mesocope': a device capable of measuring on biologically relevant scales. In neuroscience the increased spatial resolution will anatomically resolve all layers of the cortex, cerebellum, subcortical structures, and inner nuclei. Spectroscopic imaging will simultaneously measure excitatory and inhibitory activity, characterizing the excitation/inhibition balance of neural circuits. In medical research (including brain disorders) we will visualize fine-grained patterns of structural abnormalities and relate these changes to functional and molecular changes. The significantly increased spectral resolution will make it possible to detect (dynamic changes in) individual metabolites associated with pathological pathways including molecular interactions and dynamic disease processes. CONCLUSIONS The 14 Tesla system will offer new perspectives in neuroscience and fundamental research. We anticipate that this initiative will usher in a new era of ultra-high-field MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Bates
- Tesla Engineering Ltd., Water Lane, Storrington, West Sussex, RH20 3EA, UK
| | - Serge O Dumoulin
- Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Computational Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Elia Formisano
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre (MBIC), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Goebel
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre (MBIC), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rick C Helmich
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Center of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement Disorders, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Klomp
- Radiology Department, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anja G van der Kolk
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yi Li
- Independent Researcher, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Aart Nederveen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David G Norris
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Zollverein, Kokereiallee 7, Building C84, 45141, Essen, Germany.
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology (CNPH), Faculty Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Natalia Petridou
- Radiology Department, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Roell
- Neoscan Solutions GmbH, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Str. 6, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tom W J Scheenen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Menno M Schoonheim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Location VUmc, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingmar Voogt
- Wavetronica, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Webb
- Department of Radiology, C.J. Gorter MRI Centre, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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7
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You Y, Park JS. A Novel Human Brainstem Map Based on True-Color Sectioned Images. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e76. [PMID: 36918030 PMCID: PMC10010912 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing atlases for the human brainstem were generated from magnetic resonance images or traditional histologically stained slides, but both are insufficient for the identification of detailed brainstem structures at uniform intervals. METHODS A total of 319 sectioned images of the brainstem were selected from whole-body axial sectioned images, then coronal and sagittal sectioned images were reconstructed from the horizontal images. The fine and detailed structures were annotated in PowerPoint slides, then the volume model was produced and some white matter fibers were traced using MRIcroGL. RESULTS In this study, a novel brainstem atlas based on sectioned images was generated that shows the true color and shape, as well as the accurate location of the nuclei and tracts; it reveals the striking contrast between gray and white matter, as well as fine structures. In total, 212 structures, including nuclei and tracts, were annotated in axial, coronal, and sagittal plane views of sectioned images (48-bit true color; 0.2 mm intervals, 0.06 mm × 0.06 mm pixel size). To verify the accuracy of the annotations, a volume model of the brainstem was constructed for independent observations of the three planes. CONCLUSION In this paper, we describe several interesting structures included in the atlas. By depicting the fine structures of the human brainstem in detail, this atlas allows comprehensive understanding of the complicated topographies of the brainstem. As such, it will be of value for neuroanatomy education and research, in addition to enriching the literature on the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian You
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University School of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Jin Seo Park
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University School of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea.
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Kikuchi H, Jitsuishi T, Hirono S, Yamaguchi A, Iwadate Y. 2D and 3D structures of the whole-brain, directly visible from 100-micron slice 7TMRI images. INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSURGERY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2023.101755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
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9
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Rushmore RJ, Sunderland K, Carrington H, Chen J, Halle M, Lasso A, Papadimitriou G, Prunier N, Rizzoni E, Vessey B, Wilson-Braun P, Rathi Y, Kubicki M, Bouix S, Yeterian E, Makris N. Anatomically curated segmentation of human subcortical structures in high resolution magnetic resonance imaging: An open science approach. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:894606. [PMID: 36249866 PMCID: PMC9562126 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.894606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based brain segmentation has recently been revolutionized by deep learning methods. These methods use large numbers of annotated segmentations to train algorithms that have the potential to perform brain segmentations reliably and quickly. However, training data for these algorithms are frequently obtained from automated brain segmentation systems, which may contain inaccurate neuroanatomy. Thus, the neuroimaging community would benefit from an open source database of high quality, neuroanatomically curated and manually edited MRI brain images, as well as the publicly available tools and detailed procedures for generating these curated data. Manual segmentation approaches are regarded as the gold standard for brain segmentation and parcellation. These approaches underpin the construction of neuroanatomically accurate human brain atlases. In addition, neuroanatomically precise definitions of MRI-based regions of interest (ROIs) derived from manual brain segmentation are essential for accuracy in structural connectivity studies and in surgical planning for procedures such as deep brain stimulation. However, manual segmentation procedures are time and labor intensive, and not practical in studies utilizing very large datasets, large cohorts, or multimodal imaging. Automated segmentation methods were developed to overcome these issues, and provide high data throughput, increased reliability, and multimodal imaging capability. These methods utilize manually labeled brain atlases to automatically parcellate the brain into different ROIs, but do not have the anatomical accuracy of skilled manual segmentation approaches. In the present study, we developed a custom software module for manual editing of brain structures in the freely available 3D Slicer software platform that employs principles and tools based on pioneering work from the Center for Morphometric Analysis (CMA) at Massachusetts General Hospital. We used these novel 3D Slicer segmentation tools and techniques in conjunction with well-established neuroanatomical definitions of subcortical brain structures to manually segment 50 high resolution T1w MRI brains from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) Young Adult database. The structural definitions used herein are associated with specific neuroanatomical ontologies to systematically interrelate histological and MRI-based morphometric definitions. The resulting brain datasets are publicly available and will provide the basis for a larger database of anatomically curated brains as an open science resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Jarrett Rushmore
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neurology, Center for Morphometric Analysis, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kyle Sunderland
- School of Computing, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Holly Carrington
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Justine Chen
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michael Halle
- Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andras Lasso
- School of Computing, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - G. Papadimitriou
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neurology, Center for Morphometric Analysis, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - N. Prunier
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Rizzoni
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brynn Vessey
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Peter Wilson-Braun
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neurology, Center for Morphometric Analysis, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yogesh Rathi
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neurology, Center for Morphometric Analysis, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neurology, Center for Morphometric Analysis, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Edward Yeterian
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neurology, Center for Morphometric Analysis, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychology, Colby College, Waterville, ME, United States
| | - Nikos Makris
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neurology, Center for Morphometric Analysis, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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Sitek KR, Calabrese E, Johnson GA, Ghosh SS, Chandrasekaran B. Structural Connectivity of Human Inferior Colliculus Subdivisions Using in vivo and post mortem Diffusion MRI Tractography. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:751595. [PMID: 35392412 PMCID: PMC8981148 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.751595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Inferior colliculus (IC) is an obligatory station along the ascending auditory pathway that also has a high degree of top-down convergence via efferent pathways, making it a major computational hub. Animal models have attributed critical roles for the IC in in mediating auditory plasticity, egocentric selection, and noise exclusion. IC contains multiple functionally distinct subdivisions. These include a central nucleus that predominantly receives ascending inputs and external and dorsal nuclei that receive more heterogeneous inputs, including descending and multisensory connections. Subdivisions of human IC have been challenging to identify and quantify using standard brain imaging techniques such as MRI, and the connectivity of each of these subnuclei has not been identified in the human brain. In this study, we estimated the connectivity of human IC subdivisions with diffusion MRI (dMRI) tractography, using both anatomical-based seed analysis as well as unsupervised k-means clustering. We demonstrate sensitivity of tractography to overall IC connections in both high resolution post mortem and in vivo datasets. k-Means clustering of the IC streamlines in both the post mortem and in vivo datasets generally segregated streamlines based on their terminus beyond IC, such as brainstem, thalamus, or contralateral IC. Using fine-grained anatomical segmentations of the major IC subdivisions, the post mortem dataset exhibited unique connectivity patterns from each subdivision, including commissural connections through dorsal IC and lateral lemniscal connections to central and external IC. The subdivisions were less distinct in the context of in vivo connectivity, although lateral lemniscal connections were again highest to central and external IC. Overall, the unsupervised and anatomically driven methods provide converging evidence for distinct connectivity profiles for each of the IC subdivisions in both post mortem and in vivo datasets, suggesting that dMRI tractography with high quality data is sensitive to neural pathways involved in auditory processing as well as top-down control of incoming auditory information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R. Sitek
- SoundBrain Lab, Brain and Auditory Sciences Research Initiative, Department of Communication and Science Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Kevin R. Sitek,
| | - Evan Calabrese
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - G. Allan Johnson
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Satrajit S. Ghosh
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bharath Chandrasekaran
- SoundBrain Lab, Brain and Auditory Sciences Research Initiative, Department of Communication and Science Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Bharath Chandrasekaran,
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Coulombe V, Saikali S, Goetz L, Takech MA, Philippe É, Parent A, Parent M. A Topographic Atlas of the Human Brainstem in the Ponto-Mesencephalic Junction Plane. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:627656. [PMID: 34483849 PMCID: PMC8414831 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.627656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brainstem harbors neuronal aggregates that ensure the maintenance of several vital functions. It also acts as a major relay structure for the neuronal information that travels between the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum and the spinal cord. As such, this relatively small portion of the human brain houses a multitude of ascending and descending fibers that course among numerous nuclei whose exact boundaries are still uncertain. Such a large number of nuclei and fiber tracts confined to a relatively small and compact brain region imposes upon the brainstem a highly complex cytoarchitectonic organization that still needs to be deciphered. The present work provides a topographic atlas of the human brainstem composed of 45 anatomical plates, each containing a pair of adjacent sections stained with Cresyl Violet and Luxol Fast Blue to help delineating brainstem nuclei and fiber tracts, respectively. The plates, which cover the entire midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata, are composed of equally-spaced sections referenced and aligned parallel to the ponto-mesencephalic junction rather than the fastigium or the obex. This topographic landmark is particularly suitable for neurosurgical interventions aiming at specific nuclei of the mesencephalic tegmentum. In complement, we provide 8 anatomical plates containing adjacent sections stained for choline acetyltransferase and Luxol Fast Blue, taken through the midbrain and the pons. This open access atlas of the human brainstem is intended to assist neuroanatomists, neurosurgeons and neuropathologists in their work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan Saikali
- Hôpital De L'Enfant-Jésus, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Laurent Goetz
- Hôpital Fondation Rothschild, Neurochirurgie pédiatrique - Unité Parkinson, Paris, France
| | - Mohamad A Takech
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Éric Philippe
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - André Parent
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Parent
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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12
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Bocchetta M, Malpetti M, Todd EG, Rowe JB, Rohrer JD. Looking beneath the surface: the importance of subcortical structures in frontotemporal dementia. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab158. [PMID: 34458729 PMCID: PMC8390477 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Whilst initial anatomical studies of frontotemporal dementia focussed on cortical involvement, the relevance of subcortical structures to the pathophysiology of frontotemporal dementia has been increasingly recognized over recent years. Key structures affected include the caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens, and globus pallidus within the basal ganglia, the hippocampus and amygdala within the medial temporal lobe, the basal forebrain, and the diencephalon structures of the thalamus, hypothalamus and habenula. At the most posterior aspect of the brain, focal involvement of brainstem and cerebellum has recently also been shown in certain subtypes of frontotemporal dementia. Many of the neuroimaging studies on subcortical structures in frontotemporal dementia have been performed in clinically defined sporadic cases. However, investigations of genetically- and pathologically-confirmed forms of frontotemporal dementia are increasingly common and provide molecular specificity to the changes observed. Furthermore, detailed analyses of sub-nuclei and subregions within each subcortical structure are being added to the literature, allowing refinement of the patterns of subcortical involvement. This review focuses on the existing literature on structural imaging and neuropathological studies of subcortical anatomy across the spectrum of frontotemporal dementia, along with investigations of brain–behaviour correlates that examine the cognitive sequelae of specific subcortical involvement: it aims to ‘look beneath the surface’ and summarize the patterns of subcortical involvement have been described in frontotemporal dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bocchetta
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maura Malpetti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily G Todd
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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13
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Guo Z, Long L, Qiu W, Lu T, Zhang L, Shu Y, Zhang K, Fang L, Chen S. The Distributional Characteristics of Multiple Sclerosis Lesions on Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping and Their Correlation With Clinical Severity. Front Neurol 2021; 12:647519. [PMID: 34305779 PMCID: PMC8299522 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.647519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients have a wide spectrum of severity and responses to therapy; the personalization of treatment relies on sensitive and specific biomarkers. Previous studies have suggested that susceptibility contrast in demyelinated plaques is associated with iron-related pathology in multiple sclerosis which may indicate clinical severity. The aims of this study were to characterize the spatial distribution of MS lesions with different iron patterns by using quantitative susceptibility mapping and to explore neuroradiological findings that correlate with poor clinical outcome. Methods: Twenty-six patients with relapsing-remitting MS [14 men, 12 women; mean age, 29 ± 8 (standard deviation) years; age range, 21-52 years] were included in this study. Differences in lesion number, T2 volume, and susceptibility were compared among lesions subcategorized by location and by the presence or absence of a hyperintense rim on quantitative susceptibility mapping. Associations between these imaging features and clinical outcomes including Expanded Disability Status Scale scores and annual relapse rates were investigated. Results: A total of 811 unifocal MS lesions were included, and their QSM patterns were nodular hyperintensity with no rim (rim-, 540, 67%) or with a hyperintense rim on the edge (rim+, 172, 21%) and nodular isointensity (99, 12%). Rim+ lesions had significantly larger volume (115 ± 142 vs. 166 ± 185 mm3, p < 0.001) and lower susceptibility (4 ± 15 vs. 8 ± 16 ppb, p < 0.05) than rim- lesions. More rim+ lesions were found in periventricular areas [median, 45%; interquartile range (IQR), 36%], whereas a larger proportion of rim- lesions were distributed in juxtacortical (median, 32%; IQR, 21%) and deep white matter (median, 38%; IQR, 22%) areas. The annual relapse rate was positively correlated with the proportion of periventricular rim+ lesions (p < 0.001, r = 0.65) and the proportion of subtentorial rim+ lesions (p < 0.05, r = 0.40). Additionally, a significant association was found between the burden of periventricular rim+ lesions (β = 0.64, p < 0.001) and the burden of subtentorial rim- lesions (β = 0.36, p < 0.05). Conclusions: A high number or lesion burden of periventricular rim+ lesions or subtentorial lesions is associated with frequent clinical relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoxin Guo
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Long
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqing Shu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Fang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoqiong Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Lechanoine F, Jacquesson T, Beaujoin J, Serres B, Mohammadi M, Planty-Bonjour A, Andersson F, Poupon F, Poupon C, Destrieux C. WIKIBrainStem: An online atlas to manually segment the human brainstem at the mesoscopic scale from ultrahigh field MRI. Neuroimage 2021; 236:118080. [PMID: 33882348 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The brainstem is one of the most densely packed areas of the central nervous system in terms of gray, but also white, matter structures and, therefore, is a highly functional hub. It has mainly been studied by the means of histological techniques, which requires several hundreds of slices with a loss of the 3D coherence of the whole specimen. Access to the inner structure of the brainstem is possible using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), but this method has a limited spatial resolution and contrast in vivo. Here, we scanned an ex vivo specimen using an ultra-high field (11.7T) preclinical MRI scanner providing data at a mesoscopic scale for anatomical T2-weighted (100 µm and 185 µm isotropic) and diffusion-weighted imaging (300 µm isotropic). We then proposed a hierarchical segmentation of the inner gray matter of the brainstem and defined a set of rules for each segmented anatomical class. These rules were gathered in a freely accessible web-based application, WIKIBrainStem (https://fibratlas.univ-tours.fr/brainstems/index.html), for 99 structures, from which 13 were subdivided into 29 substructures. This segmentation is, to date, the most detailed one developed from ex vivo MRI of the brainstem. This should be regarded as a tool that will be complemented by future results of alternative methods, such as Optical Coherence Tomography, Polarized Light Imaging or histology… This is a mandatory step prior to segmenting multiple specimens, which will be used to create a probabilistic automated segmentation method of ex vivo, but also in vivo, brainstem and may be used for targeting anatomical structures of interest in managing some degenerative or psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Lechanoine
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Timothée Jacquesson
- CREATIS Laboratory CNRS UMR5220, Inserm U1206, INSA-Lyon, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | | | - Barthélemy Serres
- ILIAD3, Université de Tours, Tours, France; LIFAT, EA6300, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | | | - Alexia Planty-Bonjour
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | | | | | - Cyril Poupon
- BAOBAB, Paris-Saclay University, CNRS, CEA, France
| | - Christophe Destrieux
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Tours, France.
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15
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Geisler M, Rizzoni E, Makris N, Pasternak O, Rathi Y, Bouix S, Herbsleb M, Bär KJ, Weiss T, Kikinis Z. Microstructural alterations in medial forebrain bundle are associated with interindividual pain sensitivity. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 42:1130-1137. [PMID: 33170528 PMCID: PMC7856635 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The perception of pain to noxious stimuli, also known as pain sensitivity, varies among individuals. The comprised brain structures and their white matter pathways are complex and elusive. Here, we aimed to investigate whether variation of microstructure of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB), a tract connecting the basal forebrain with the brain stem, is associated with interindividual pain sensitivity. We assessed interindividual pain sensitivity as a rating of pain intensity to heat stimuli (45, 47, and 48.9°C) in 38 healthy men (age: 27.05 ± 5.7 years). We also reconstructed the MFB using multitensor tractography from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) and calculated free‐water corrected dMRI measures of fractional anisotropy (FAt), radial diffusivity (RDt), and axial diffusivity (ADt). Lower ratings of interindividual pain intensity correlated with higher FAt and lower RDt of the MFB. As changes in FAt and RDt may reflect abnormalities in myelination, the results might be interpreted as that a lower pain rating is associated with higher degree of myelination of the MFB and could represent an inhibitory pathway of pain. Our results suggest that alteration of microstructure in the MFB contributes to the interindividual variation of pain perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Geisler
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Rizzoni
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nikolaos Makris
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yogesh Rathi
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marco Herbsleb
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Karl-Jürgen Bär
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Weiss
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Zora Kikinis
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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