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Prediction of Cognitive Decline by Behavioral Symptoms in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/ijpbs-126596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Neuropsychiatric disorders are described by their neurological, behavioral, and cognitive symptoms. However, behavioral symptoms may often be overlooked due to the current approach in neurology. Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between behavioral symptoms and cognitive functioning in neurological disorders. The second aim was to predict neurocognitive patterns by behavioral symptoms as independent variables. Methods: Behavioral symptoms were collected based on semi-structured neuropsychiatric interviews with 211 patients admitted to the neuropsychiatry department of Ayatollah Kashani hospital in Isfahan by both a neuropsychiatry fellow and an attending neuropsychiatrist. A neuropsychiatry fellow assessed all patients using the neuropsychiatry unit cognitive (NUCog) assessment tool. We used a generalized linear model (GLM) to indicate the effect of behavioral symptoms on the risk of decline in cognitive domains. Due to the use of all available samples, this study had no age limit, and the patients were 15 to 92 years old. Results: The regression coefficient of NUCog subscale scores for behavioral symptoms using GLM revealed that education level had a positive relationship with the scores of attention (P < 0.001), visuoconstruction (P < 0.001), memory (P < 0.001), executive function (P < 0.001), language (P < 0.001), and the total score of NUCog (P < 0.001). Patients with apathy had lower scores on the memory subscale (P = 0.002) and total NUCog (P = 0.021). Similarly, patients with delusion had lower scores on memory (P = 0.006) and executive function (P = 0.026). There was a negative relationship between agitation and attention (P = 0.049), visuoconstruction (P = 0.015), memory (P = 0.018), executive function (P = 0.005), and total score of NUCog (P = 0.007). Sleep disturbances were accompanied by lower memory scores (P = 0.056) and lower mean NUCog scores (P = 0.052). Visual hallucination was associated with declined performance in attention (P = 0.057). Conclusions: Behavioral assessment can help predict cognitive patterns in patients with neurobehavioral syndromes.
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Intertwining Neuropathogenic Impacts of Aberrant Circadian Rhythm and Impaired Neuroregenerative Plasticity in Huntington’s Disease: Neurotherapeutic Significance of Chemogenetics. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmp3040030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormal progressive involuntary movements, cognitive deficits, sleep disturbances, and psychiatric symptoms. The onset and progression of the clinical symptoms have been linked to impaired adult neurogenesis in the brains of subjects with HD, due to the reduced neurogenic potential of neural stem cells (NSCs). Among various pathogenic determinants, an altered clock pathway appears to induce the dysregulation of neurogenesis in neurodegenerative disorders. Notably, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic neurons that express the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the brain play a key role in the regulation of circadian rhythm and neuroplasticity. While an abnormal clock gene pathway has been associated with the inactivation of GABAergic VIP neurons, recent studies suggest the activation of this neuronal population in the brain positively contributes to neuroplasticity. Thus, the activation of GABAergic VIP neurons in the brain might help rectify the irregular circadian rhythm in HD. Chemogenetics refers to the incorporation of genetically engineered receptors or ion channels into a specific cell population followed by its activation using desired chemical ligands. The recent advancement of chemogenetic-based approaches represents a potential scientific tool to rectify the aberrant circadian clock pathways. Considering the facts, the defects in the circadian rhythm can be rectified by the activation of VIP-expressing GABAergic neurons using chemogenetics approaches. Thus, the chemogenetic-based rectification of an abnormal circadian rhythm may facilitate the neurogenic potentials of NSCs to restore the neuroregenerative plasticity in HD. Eventually, the increased neurogenesis in the brain can be expected to mitigate neuronal loss and functional deficits.
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Latoszek E, Wiweger M, Ludwiczak J, Dunin-Horkawicz S, Kuznicki J, Czeredys M. Siah-1-interacting protein regulates mutated huntingtin protein aggregation in Huntington’s disease models. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:34. [PMID: 35305696 PMCID: PMC8934500 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00755-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder whereby mutated huntingtin protein (mHTT) aggregates when polyglutamine repeats in the N-terminal of mHTT exceeds 36 glutamines (Q). However, the mechanism of this pathology is unknown. Siah1-interacting protein (SIP) acts as an adaptor protein in the ubiquitination complex and mediates degradation of other proteins. We hypothesized that mHTT aggregation depends on the dysregulation of SIP activity in this pathway in HD. Results A higher SIP dimer/monomer ratio was observed in the striatum in young YAC128 mice, which overexpress mHTT. We found that SIP interacted with HTT. In a cellular HD model, we found that wildtype SIP increased mHTT ubiquitination, attenuated mHTT protein levels, and decreased HTT aggregation. We predicted mutations that should stabilize SIP dimerization and found that SIP mutant-overexpressing cells formed more stable dimers and had lower activity in facilitating mHTT ubiquitination and preventing exon 1 mHTT aggregation compared with wildtype SIP. Conclusions Our data suggest that an increase in SIP dimerization in HD medium spiny neurons leads to a decrease in SIP function in the degradation of mHTT through a ubiquitin–proteasome pathway and consequently an increase in mHTT aggregation. Therefore, SIP could be considered a potential target for anti-HD therapy during the early stage of HD pathology. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00755-0.
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Rodríguez-Urgellés E, Rodríguez-Navarro I, Ballasch I, Del Toro D, Del Castillo I, Brito V, Alberch J, Giralt A. Postnatal Foxp2 regulates early psychiatric-like phenotypes and associated molecular alterations in the R6/1 transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 173:105854. [PMID: 36029989 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's Disease (HD) is a devastating disorder characterized by a triad of motor, psychiatric and cognitive manifestations. Psychiatric and emotional symptoms appear at early stages of the disease which are consistently described by patients and caregivers among the most disabling. Here, we show for the first time that Foxp2 is strongly associated with some psychiatric-like disturbances in the R6/1 mouse model of HD. First, 4-week-old (juvenile) R6/1 mice behavioral phenotype was characterized by an increased impulsive-like behavior and less aggressive-like behavior. In this line, we identified an early striatal downregulation of Foxp2 protein starting as soon as at postnatal day 15 that could explain such deficiencies. Interestingly, the rescue of striatal Foxp2 levels from postnatal stages completely reverted the impulsivity-phenotype and partially the social impairments concomitant with a rescue of dendritic spine pathology. A mass spectrometry study indicated that the rescue of spine loss was associated with an improvement of several altered proteins related with cytoskeleton dynamics. Finally, we reproduced and mimicked the impulsivity and social deficits in wild type mice by reducing their striatal Foxp2 expression from postnatal stages. Overall, these results imply that early postnatal reduction of Foxp2 might contribute to the appearance of some of the early psychiatric symptoms in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ened Rodríguez-Urgellés
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Irene Rodríguez-Navarro
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Iván Ballasch
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Daniel Del Toro
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Ignacio Del Castillo
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Verónica Brito
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Jordi Alberch
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain; Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Albert Giralt
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain; Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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Therapeutic Strategies in Huntington’s Disease: From Genetic Defect to Gene Therapy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081895. [PMID: 36009443 PMCID: PMC9405755 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the identification of an expanded CAG repeat on exon 1 of the huntingtin gene located on chromosome 1 as the genetic defect causing Huntington’s disease almost 30 years ago, currently approved therapies provide only limited symptomatic relief and do not influence the age of onset or disease progression rate. Research has identified various intricate pathogenic cascades which lead to neuronal degeneration, but therapies interfering with these mechanisms have been marked by many failures and remain to be validated. Exciting new opportunities are opened by the emerging techniques which target the mutant protein DNA and RNA, allowing for “gene editing”. Although some issues relating to “off-target” effects or immune-mediated side effects need to be solved, these strategies, combined with stem cell therapies and more traditional approaches targeting specific pathogenic cascades, such as excitotoxicity and bioavailability of neurotrophic factors, could lead to significant improvement of the outcomes of treated Huntington’s disease patients.
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Molecular Pathophysiological Mechanisms in Huntington's Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061432. [PMID: 35740453 PMCID: PMC9219859 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease is an inherited neurodegenerative disease described 150 years ago by George Huntington. The genetic defect was identified in 1993 to be an expanded CAG repeat on exon 1 of the huntingtin gene located on chromosome 4. In the following almost 30 years, a considerable amount of research, using mainly animal models or in vitro experiments, has tried to unravel the complex molecular cascades through which the transcription of the mutant protein leads to neuronal loss, especially in the medium spiny neurons of the striatum, and identified excitotoxicity, transcriptional dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, impaired proteostasis, altered axonal trafficking and reduced availability of trophic factors to be crucial contributors. This review discusses the pathogenic cascades described in the literature through which mutant huntingtin leads to neuronal demise. However, due to the ubiquitous presence of huntingtin, astrocytes are also dysfunctional, and neuroinflammation may additionally contribute to Huntington’s disease pathology. The quest for therapies to delay the onset and reduce the rate of Huntington’s disease progression is ongoing, but is based on findings from basic research.
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Pham Nguyen TP, Bravo L, Gonzalez-Alegre P, Willis AW. Geographic Barriers Drive Disparities in Specialty Center Access for Older Adults with Huntington's Disease. J Huntingtons Dis 2022; 11:81-89. [PMID: 35253771 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-210489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huntington's Disease Society of America Centers of Excellence (HDSA COEs) are primary hubs for Huntington's disease (HD) research opportunities and accessing new treatments. Data on the extent to which HDSA COEs are accessible to individuals with HD, particularly those older or disabled, are lacking. OBJECTIVE To describe persons with HD in the U.S. Medicare program and characterize this population by proximity to an HDSA COE. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of Medicare beneficiaries ages ≥65 with HD in 2017. We analyzed data on benefit entitlement, demographics, and comorbidities. QGis software and Google Maps Interface were employed to estimate the distance from each patient to the nearest HDSA COE, and the proportion of individuals residing within 100 miles of these COEs at the state level. RESULTS Among 9,056 Medicare beneficiaries with HD, 54.5% were female, 83.0% were white; 48.5% were ≥65 years, but 64.9% originally qualified for Medicare due to disability. Common comorbidities were dementia (32.4%) and depression (35.9%), and these were more common in HD vs. non-HD patients. Overall, 5,144 (57.1%) lived within 100 miles of a COE. Race/ethnicity, sex, age, and poverty markers were not associated with below-average proximity to HDSA COEs. The proportion of patients living within 100 miles of a center varied from < 10% (16 states) to > 90% (7 states). Most underserved states were in the Mountain and West Central divisions. CONCLUSION Older Medicare beneficiaries with HD are frequently disabled and have a distinct comorbidity profile. Geographical, rather than sociodemographic factors, define the HD population with limited access to HDSA COEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Phuong Pham Nguyen
- Center for Pharmacoepidemiology Research and Training, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Neurology Translational Center for Excellence for Neuroepidemiology and Neurological Outcomes Research, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Licia Bravo
- Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Penn Access Summer Scholars Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pedro Gonzalez-Alegre
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular & Molecular Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allison W Willis
- Center for Pharmacoepidemiology Research and Training, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Neurology Translational Center for Excellence for Neuroepidemiology and Neurological Outcomes Research, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Environmental stimulation in Huntington disease patients and animal models. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 171:105725. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Azhar L, Kusumo RW, Marotta G, Lanctôt KL, Herrmann N. Pharmacological Management of Apathy in Dementia. CNS Drugs 2022; 36:143-165. [PMID: 35006557 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-021-00883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Apathy is a highly prevalent symptom of dementia. Despite its association with faster cognitive and functional decline, decreased quality of life and increased mortality, no therapies are currently approved to treat apathy. The objective of this review was to summarize the drugs that have been studied for apathy treatment in patients with dementia (specifically Alzheimer's disease [AD], Huntington's disease [HD] and Parkinson's disease [PD] dementia; dementia with Lewy bodies [DLB]; vascular dementia [VaD]; and frontotemporal dementia [FTD]) based on their putative mechanisms of action. A search for relevant studies was performed using ClinicalTrials.gov and PubMed. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials that were available in English and included at least one drug intervention and an apathy measure scale. A total of 52 studies that included patients with AD (n = 33 studies), PD (n = 5), HD (n = 1), DLB (n = 1), FTD (n = 3), VaD (n = 1), VaD and AD (n = 4), VaD and mixed dementia (n = 1), and AD, VaD and mixed dementia (n = 3) were eligible for inclusion. These studies showed that methylphenidate, olanzapine, cholinesterase inhibitors, choline alphoscerate, citalopram, memantine, and mibampator are the only beneficial drugs in AD-related apathy. For PD-related apathy, only methylphenidate, rotigotine and rivastigmine showed benefits. Regarding FTD- and DLB-related apathy, initial studies with agomelatine and rivastigmine showed benefits, respectively. As for HD- and only-VaD-related apathy, no drugs demonstrated benefits. With regards to mixed populations, memantine, galantamine and gingko biloba showed effects on apathy in the AD plus VaD populations and nimodipine in the VaD plus mixed dementia populations. Of the drugs with positive results, some are already prescribed to patients with dementia to target other symptoms, some have characteristics-such as medical contraindications (e.g., cardiovascular) and adverse effects (e.g., gastrointestinal disturbances)-that limit their clinical use and some require further study. Future studies should investigate apathy as a primary outcome, making use of appropriate sample sizes and study durations to ensure durability of results. There should also be a consensus on using scales with high test/retest and interrater reliabilities to limit the inconsistencies between clinical trials. In conclusion, there are currently no US FDA-approved drugs that target apathy in dementia, so there is an ongoing need for the development of such drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiba Azhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raphael W Kusumo
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Giovanni Marotta
- Geriatric Medicine Division, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Krista L Lanctôt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Understanding the Burdens Associated with Huntington’s Disease in Manifest Patients and Care Partners–Comparing to Parkinson’s Disease and the General Population. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12020161. [PMID: 35203927 PMCID: PMC8869871 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The study provides real-world data on the impact of Huntington’s disease (HD) from the perspective of individuals with HD (IHD) and care partners (HD-CP) and contextualizes these results relative to Parkinson’s disease (PD) and the general population (GP). Methods: Cross-sectional survey of IHD and HD-CP in the US (July 2019–August 2019) conducted using the Rare Patient Voice panel. Data for individuals with Parkinson’s Disease (IPD), the general population (GP), and respective care partners (PD-CP; GP-CP) came from the 2018 US National Health and Wellness Survey. Outcomes included demographics, mental health, clinical characteristics, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Results: IHD had greater comorbid anxiety (IHD = 51.2%, IPD = 28.8%, GP = 2.0%), and HD-CP had greater comorbid anxiety (HD-CP = 52.5%, PD-CP = 28.6%, GP-CP = 19.6%) and depression (HD-CP = 65.0%, PD-CP = 29.9%, GP-CP = 19.6%), relative to other cohorts (p < 0.05). Respective of their GP cohorts, IHD exhibited lower HRQoL (EQ-5D: 0.66 ± 0.21 vs. 0.81 ± 0.17) and greater depression (PHQ-9: 11.59 ± 7.20 vs. 5.85 ± 6.71), whereas HD-CP exhibited greater depression only (PHQ-9: 6.84 ± 6.38 vs. 4.15 ± 5.58) (p < 0.001). No differences were observed between HD/HD-CP and PD/PD-CP cohorts on PHQ-9 or HRQoL. Conclusions: HD has a significant burden on patients and care partners, which is higher than GP. Notably, anxiety and depression were greater among HD vs. PD, despite similar HRQoL.
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Tudor A, Vasile AI, Trifu SC, Cristea MB. Morphological classification and changes in dementia (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:33. [PMID: 34824641 PMCID: PMC8611489 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The progressive functional decline that involves both cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms characteristic to dementia is one of the leading research topics. The risk for dementia is an intertwined mix between aging, genetic risk factors, and environmental influences. APOEε4, which is one of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) alleles, is the major genetic risk factor for late-onset of the most common form of dementia, Alzheimer's. Advances in machine learning have led to the development of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to help diagnose dementia by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in order to detect it in the preclinical stage. The basis of the determinations starts from the morphometry of cerebral atrophies. The present review focused on MRI techniques which are a leading tool in identifying cortical atrophy, white matter dysfunctionalities, cerebral vessel quality (as a factor for cognitive impairment) and metabolic asymmetries. In addition, a brief overview of Alzheimer's disease was presented and recent neuroimaging in the field of dementia with an emphasis on structural MR imaging and more powerful methods such as diffusion tensor imaging, quantitative susceptibility mapping, and magnetic transfer imaging were explored in order to propose a simple systematic approach for the diagnosis and treatment of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tudor
- Department of Psychiatry, ‘Prof. Dr. Alex. Obregia’ Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Antonia Ioana Vasile
- Department of General Medicine, Medical Military Institute, 010919 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Corina Trifu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Bogdan Cristea
- Department of Morphological Sciences, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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Avdoshina V, Yumoto F, Mocchetti I, Letendre SL, Tractenberg RE. Race-Dependent Association of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in TrkB Receptor in People Living with HIV and Depression. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1721-1731. [PMID: 34613587 PMCID: PMC10880801 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00406-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated cognitive disorders (HAND) is characterized by impaired motor and intellectual functions, as well as mood disorders. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor TrkB (or NTRK2) mediate the efficacy of antidepressant drugs. Genomic studies of BDNF/TrkB have implicated common single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the pathology of depression. In the current study, we investigated whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1212171, rs1439050, rs1187352, rs1778933, rs1443445, rs3780645, rs2378672, and rs11140800) in the NTRK2 has a functional impact on depression in HIV-positive subjects. We have utilized the Central Nervous System (CNS) HIV Antiretroviral Therapy Effects Research (CHARTER) cohort. Our methods explored the univariate associations of these SNPs with clinical (current and lifetime) diagnosis of depression via chi-square. The distribution of alleles was significantly different for African-Americans and Caucasians (non-Hispanic) for several SNPs, so our regression analyses included both "statistical controls" for race group and models for each group separately. Finally, we applied a method of simultaneous analysis of associations, estimating the mutually shared information across a system of variables, separately by race group. Our results indicate that there is no significant association between clinical diagnosis of major depression and these SNPs for either race group in any analysis. However, we identified that the SNP associations varied by race group and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Avdoshina
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Futoshi Yumoto
- Collaborative for Research on Outcomes and Metrics, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Resonate, Inc., Reston, VA, USA
| | - Italo Mocchetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Scott L Letendre
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rochelle E Tractenberg
- Collaborative for Research on Outcomes and Metrics, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology; Biostatistics, Bioinformatics & Biomathematics; and Rehabilitation Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Sawant N, Morton H, Kshirsagar S, Reddy AP, Reddy PH. Mitochondrial Abnormalities and Synaptic Damage in Huntington's Disease: a Focus on Defective Mitophagy and Mitochondria-Targeted Therapeutics. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6350-6377. [PMID: 34519969 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02556-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal and pure genetic disease with a progressive loss of medium spiny neurons (MSN). HD is caused by expanded polyglutamine repeats in the exon 1 of HD gene. Clinically, HD is characterized by chorea, seizures, involuntary movements, dystonia, cognitive decline, intellectual impairment, and emotional disturbances. Several years of intense research revealed that multiple cellular changes, including defective axonal transport, protein-protein interactions, defective bioenergetics, calcium dyshomeostasis, NMDAR activation, synaptic damage, mitochondrial abnormalities, and selective loss of medium spiny neurons are implicated in HD. Recent research on mutant huntingtin (mHtt) and mitochondria has found that mHtt interacts with the mitochondrial division protein, dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), enhances GTPase DRP1 enzymatic activity, and causes excessive mitochondrial fragmentation and abnormal distribution, leading to defective axonal transport of mitochondria and selective synaptic degeneration. Recent research also revealed that failure to remove dead and/or dying mitochondria is an early event in the disease progression. Currently, efforts are being made to reduce abnormal protein interactions and enhance synaptic mitophagy as therapeutic strategies for HD. The purpose of this article is to discuss recent research in HD progression. This article also discusses recent developments of cell and mouse models, cellular changes, mitochondrial abnormalities, DNA damage, bioenergetics, oxidative stress, mitophagy, and therapeutics strategies in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sawant
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Hallie Morton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Sudhir Kshirsagar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Arubala P Reddy
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
- Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
- Neurology, Department of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
- Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Public Health and School of Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Neuroscience & Pharmacology3601 4th Street, NeurologyLubbock, TX, 79430, USA.
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Agasse F, Mendez-David I, Christaller W, Carpentier R, Braz BY, David DJ, Saudou F, Humbert S. Chronic Corticosterone Elevation Suppresses Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis by Hyperphosphorylating Huntingtin. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107865. [PMID: 32640230 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to stress is a major risk factor for neuropsychiatric disease, and elevated plasma corticosterone (CORT) correlates with reduced levels of both brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and hippocampal neurogenesis. Precisely how these phenomena are linked, however, remains unclear. Using a cortico-hippocampal network-on-a-chip, we find that the glucocorticoid receptor agonist dexamethasone (DXM) stimulates the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) to phosphorylate huntingtin (HTT) at serines 1181 and 1201 (S1181/1201), which retards BDNF vesicular transport in cortical axons. Parallel studies in mice show that CORT induces phosphorylation of these same residues, reduces BDNF levels, and suppresses neurogenesis. The adverse effects of CORT are reduced in mice bearing an unphosphorylatable mutant HTT (HdhS1181A/S1201A). The protective effect of unphosphorylatable HTT, however, disappears if neurogenesis is blocked. The CDK5-HTT pathway, which regulates BDNF transport in the cortico-hippocampal network, thus provides a missing link between elevated CORT levels and suppressed neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Agasse
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Indira Mendez-David
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), INSERM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Wilhelm Christaller
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Rémi Carpentier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Barbara Y Braz
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Denis J David
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), INSERM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Frédéric Saudou
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sandrine Humbert
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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15
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Adhikari A, Mondal S, Das M, Biswas P, Pal U, Darbar S, Bhattacharya SS, Pal D, Saha‐Dasgupta T, Das AK, Mallick AK, Pal SK. Incorporation of a Biocompatible Nanozyme in Cellular Antioxidant Enzyme Cascade Reverses Huntington's Like Disorder in Preclinical Model. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001736. [PMID: 33326181 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The potentiality of nano-enzymes in therapeutic use has directed contemporary research to develop a substitute for natural enzymes, which are suffering from several disadvantages including low stability, high cost, and difficulty in storage. However, inherent toxicity, inefficiency in the physiological milieu, and incompatibility to function in cellular enzyme networks limit the therapeutic use of nanozymes in living systems. Here, it is shown that citrate functionalized manganese-based biocompatible nanoscale material (C-Mn3 O4 NP) efficiently mimics glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme in the physiological milieu and easily incorporates into the cellular multienzyme cascade for H2 O2 scavenging. A detailed computational study reveals the mechanism of the nanozyme action. The in vivo therapeutic efficacy of C-Mn3 O4 nanozyme is further established in a preclinical animal model of Huntington's disease (HD), a prevalent progressive neurodegenerative disorder, which has no effective medication to date. Management of HD in preclinical animal trial using a biocompatible (non-toxic) nanozyme as a part of the metabolic network may uncover a new paradigm in nanozyme based therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Adhikari
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences Block JD, Sector 3, Salt Lake Kolkata 700106 India
| | - Susmita Mondal
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences Block JD, Sector 3, Salt Lake Kolkata 700106 India
| | - Monojit Das
- Department of Zoology, Uluberia College University of Calcutta Uluberia 711315 India
- Department of Zoology Vidyasagar University Rangamati 721102 India
| | - Pritam Biswas
- Department of Microbiology St. Xavier's College 30, Mother Teresa Sarani Kolkata 700016 India
| | - Uttam Pal
- Technical Research Centre S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences Block JD, Sector 3, Salt Lake Kolkata 700106 India
| | - Soumendra Darbar
- Research & Development Division Dey's Medical Stores (Mfg.) Ltd 62, Bondel Road, Ballygunge Kolkata 700019 India
| | | | - Debasish Pal
- Department of Zoology, Uluberia College University of Calcutta Uluberia 711315 India
| | - Tanusri Saha‐Dasgupta
- Technical Research Centre S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences Block JD, Sector 3, Salt Lake Kolkata 700106 India
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Sciences S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences Block JD, Sector 3, Salt Lake Kolkata 700106 India
| | - Anjan Kumar Das
- Department of Pathology Coochbehar Govt. Medical College and Hospital Silver Jubilee Road Cooch Behar 736101 India
| | - Asim Kumar Mallick
- Department of Pediatric Medicine Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital 138, Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Road, Sealdah Kolkata 700014 India
| | - Samir Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences Block JD, Sector 3, Salt Lake Kolkata 700106 India
- Department of Zoology, Uluberia College University of Calcutta Uluberia 711315 India
- Technical Research Centre S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences Block JD, Sector 3, Salt Lake Kolkata 700106 India
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Butėnaitė A, Strumila R, Lengvenytė A, Pakutkaitė IK, Morkūnienė A, Matulevičienė A, Dlugauskas E, Utkus A. Significant Association Between Huntingtin Gene Mutation and Prevalence of Hopelessness, Depression and Anxiety Symptoms. Acta Med Litu 2021; 28:77-85. [PMID: 34393630 PMCID: PMC8311852 DOI: 10.15388/amed.2020.28.1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY BACKGROUND In Huntington's disease psychiatric symptoms may manifest prior to motor dysfunction. Such symptoms negatively impact people's quality of life and can worsen the course of the primary disease. The aim of the present study was to assess and compare depression, anxiety and hopelessness rates in individuals with and without an abnormal expansion of CAG repeats in the huntingtin (HTT) gene and healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study involved 31 individuals referred for genetic testing for Huntington's disease and a control group of 41. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed using Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results between groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Two-sided Bonferroni corrected p-value was set at ≤0.017. RESULTS Individuals with HTT gene mutation ("gene mutation positive", GMP) (N=20) scored higher on the HADS depression subscale (5.90 ± 4.52 vs 1.36 ± 1.91; p ≤ 0.017) than those without HTT gene mutation ("gene mutation negative", GMN) (N=11). GMP and control groups scored higher than the GMN group on the BHS (5.65 ± 3.91 vs 2.09 ± 1.64 and 5.27 ± 4.11 vs 2.09 ± 1.64, respectively; p ≤ 0.017). No differences in anxiety levels were found. CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms and hopelessness were more prevalent in individuals with HTT gene mutation than in individuals who were tested but had no said mutation. Such results emphasise the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric comorbidities in individuals affected by Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelė Butėnaitė
- Psychiatric Clinic, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Robertas Strumila
- Psychiatric Clinic, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aistė Lengvenytė
- Psychiatric Clinic, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Aušra Morkūnienė
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, LithuaniaDepartment of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aušra Matulevičienė
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, LithuaniaDepartment of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University,
Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Edgaras Dlugauskas
- Psychiatric Clinic, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, LithuaniaVilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Utkus
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, LithuaniaDepartment of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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17
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Ishihara L, Oliveri D, Wild EJ. Neuropsychiatric comorbidities in Huntington's and Parkinson's Disease: A United States claims database analysis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021; 8:126-137. [PMID: 33217173 PMCID: PMC7818185 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Huntington's disease is a rare, genetic, neurodegenerative disease characterized by a triad of cognitive, behavioral, and motor symptoms. The condition gradually results in increasing disability, loss of independence, and ultimately death. Our objective was to use United States claims data (which offer valuable insight into the natural history of disease) to compare the prevalent comorbidities of people with Huntington's disease against matched controls with Parkinson's disease or with no major neurodegenerative diseases (general population controls). We also assess medication use in people with Huntington's disease. METHODS This was a retrospective, observational study using data from the IBM MarketScan® Databases. Cases and controls were matched 1:1, and comorbidities were analyzed in each group during 2017. Medications were also assessed in the Huntington's disease cohort. Eligible cases had ≥ 2 diagnostic codes for Huntington's disease; controls had ≥ 2 codes for Parkinson's disease (with no record of Huntington's disease), or, for general population controls, no record of Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or dementia. RESULTS A total of 587 matched individuals were assessed in each cohort. Depression and anxiety were more common in Huntington's disease versus Parkinson's disease (odds ratios: 1.51 and 1.16, respectively). Other conditions more common in Huntington's disease included dementia, communication/speech problems, dysphagia, and falls. The use of antidepressant (59.9%) and antipsychotic (39.5%) medications was frequent among Huntington's disease cases. INTERPRETATION These data highlight the prevalence of psychiatric, cognitive, communication, swallowing, and mobility problems in people with Huntington's disease, underscoring the need for holistic expert care of these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edward J. Wild
- Huntington’s Disease CentreUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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18
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Sawant N, Reddy PH. Role of Phosphorylated Tau and Glucose Synthase Kinase 3 Beta in Huntington's Disease Progression. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 72:S177-S191. [PMID: 31744007 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of our article is to critically assess the role of phosphorylated tau in Huntington's disease (HD) progression and pathogenesis. HD is a fatal and pure genetic disease, characterized by chorea, seizures, involuntary movements, dystonia, cognitive decline, intellectual impairment, and emotional disturbances. HD is caused by expanded polyglutamine (polyQ or CAG) repeats within the exon 1 of the HD gene. HD has an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance with genetic anticipation. Although the HD gene was discovered 26 years ago, there is no complete understanding of how mutant huntingtin (mHTT) selectively targets medium spiny projection neurons in the basal ganglia of the brain in patients with HD. Several years of intense research revealed that multiple cellular changes are involved in disease process, including transcriptional dysregulation, mitochondrial abnormalities and impaired bioenergetics, defective axonal transport, calcium dyshomeostasis, synaptic damage and caspase, and NMDAR activations. Recent research also revealed that phosphorylated tau and defective GSK-3β signaling are strongly linked to progression of the disease. This article summarizes the recent developments of cellular and pathological changes in disease progression of HD. This article also highlights recent developments in phosphorylated tau and defective GSK-3β signaling and the involvement of calcineurin in HD progression and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sawant
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Cell Biology & Biochemistry Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Pharmacology & Neuroscience Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Neurology Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences Departments, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Garrison Institute on Aging, South West Campus, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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19
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Colpo GD, Rocha NP, Furr Stimming E, Teixeira AL. Gene Expression Profiling in Huntington's Disease: Does Comorbidity with Depressive Symptoms Matter? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8474. [PMID: 33187165 PMCID: PMC7697115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease. Besides the well-characterized motor symptoms, HD is marked by cognitive impairment and behavioral changes. In this study, we analyzed the blood of HD gene carries using RNA-sequencing techniques. We evaluated samples from HD gene carriers with (n = 8) and without clinically meaningful depressive symptoms (n = 8) compared with healthy controls (n = 8). Groups were age- and sex-matched. Preprocessing of data and between-group comparisons were calculated using DESeq2. The Wald test was used to generate p-values and log2 fold changes. We found 60 genes differently expressed in HD and healthy controls, of which 21 were upregulated and 39 downregulated. Within HD group, nineteen genes were differently expressed between patients with and without depression, being 6 upregulated and 13 downregulated. Several of the top differentially expressed genes are involved in nervous system development. Although preliminary, our findings corroborate the emerging view that in addition to neurodegenerative mechanisms, HD has a neurodevelopmental component. Importantly, the emergence of depression in HD might be related to these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Delevati Colpo
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Louis A Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA;
| | - Natalia Pessoa Rocha
- HDSA Center of Excellence at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.P.R.); (E.F.S.)
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Erin Furr Stimming
- HDSA Center of Excellence at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.P.R.); (E.F.S.)
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Antonio Lucio Teixeira
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Louis A Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA;
- HDSA Center of Excellence at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.P.R.); (E.F.S.)
- Instituto de Ensino & Pesquisa, Santa Casa BH, Belo Horizonte 30150-221, Brazil
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20
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Increased intestinal permeability and gut dysbiosis in the R6/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18270. [PMID: 33106549 PMCID: PMC7589489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75229-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive, multifaceted neurodegenerative disease associated with weight loss and gut problems. Under healthy conditions, tight junction (TJ) proteins maintain the intestinal barrier integrity preventing bacterial translocation from the intestinal lumen to the systemic circulation. Reduction of TJs expression in Parkinson's disease patients has been linked with increased intestinal permeability-leaky gut syndrome. The intestine contains microbiota, most dominant phyla being Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes; in pathogenic or disease conditions the balance between these bacteria might be disrupted. The present study investigated whether there is evidence for an increased intestinal permeability and dysbiosis in the R6/2 mouse model of HD. Our data demonstrate that decreased body weight and body length in R6/2 mice is accompanied by a significant decrease in colon length and increased gut permeability compared to wild type littermates, without any significant changes in the protein levels of the tight junction proteins (occludin, zonula occludens). Moreover, we found an altered gut microbiota in R6/2 mice with increased relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and decreased of Firmicutes. Our results indicate an increased intestinal permeability and dysbiosis in R6/2 mice and further studies investigating the clinical relevance of these findings are warranted.
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21
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Neuropsychiatric Symptoms as a Reliable Phenomenology of Cerebellar Ataxia. THE CEREBELLUM 2020; 20:141-150. [PMID: 33000380 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-020-01195-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
While cerebellar ataxia (CA) is a neurodegenerative disease known for motor impairment, changes in mood have also been reported. A full account of neuropsychiatric symptomology in CA may guide improvements in treatment regimes, measure the presence and severity of sub-clinical neuropsychiatric disturbance symptomology in CA, and compare patient versus informant symptom recognition. Neuropsychiatric phenomena were gathered from CA patients with genetic and unknown etiologies and their informants (e.g., spouse or parent). Information was obtained from in-person interviews and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Responses were converted to the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire (NPI-Q) scores by consensus ratings. Patient NPI-Q scores were evaluated for symptom prevalence and severity relative to those obtained from healthy controls. Patient-informant NPI-Q score disagreements were evaluated. In this cohort, 95% of patients presented with at least one neuropsychiatric symptom and 51% of patients with three or more symptoms. The most common symptoms were anxiety, depression, nighttime behaviors (e.g., interrupted sleep), irritability, disinhibition, abnormal appetite, and agitation. The prevalence of these neuropsychiatric symptoms was uniform across patients with genetic versus unknown etiologies. Patient and informant symptom report disagreements reflected that patients noted sleep impairment and depression, while informants noted irritability and agitation. Neuropsychiatric disturbance is highly prevalent in patients with CA and contributes to the phenomenology of CA, regardless of etiology. Clinicians should monitor psychiatric health in their CA patients, considering that supplemental information from informants can help gauge the impact on family members and caregivers.
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22
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Validation of behavioral phenotypes in the BACHD rat model. Behav Brain Res 2020; 393:112783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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23
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Germann UA, Alam JJ. P38α MAPK Signaling-A Robust Therapeutic Target for Rab5-Mediated Neurodegenerative Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5485. [PMID: 32751991 PMCID: PMC7432772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifactorial pathologies, involving one or more aggregated protein(s) and neuroinflammation are common in major neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. This complexity of multiple pathogenic drivers is one potential explanation for the lack of success or, at best, the partial therapeutic effects, respectively, with approaches that have targeted one specific driver, e.g., amyloid-beta, in Alzheimer's disease. Since the endosome-associated protein Rab5 appears to be a convergence point for many, if not all the most prominent pathogenic drivers, it has emerged as a major therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disease. Further, since the alpha isoform of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38α) is a major regulator of Rab5 activity and its effectors, a biology that is distinct from the classical nuclear targets of p38 signaling, brain-penetrant selective p38α kinase inhibitors provide the opportunity for significant therapeutic advances in neurogenerative disease through normalizing dysregulated Rab5 activity. In this review, we provide a brief summary of the role of Rab5 in the cell and its association with neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. We then discuss the connection between Rab5 and p38α and summarize the evidence that through modulating Rab5 activity there are therapeutic opportunities in neurodegenerative diseases for p38α kinase inhibitors.
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24
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Gubert C, Renoir T, Hannan AJ. Why Woody got the blues: The neurobiology of depression in Huntington's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 142:104958. [PMID: 32526274 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an extraordinary disorder that usually strikes when individuals are in the prime of their lives, as was the case for the influential 20th century musician Woody Guthrie. HD demonstrates the exceptionally fine line between life and death in such 'genetic diseases', as the only difference between those who suffer horribly and die slowly of this disease is often just a handful of extra tandem repeats (beyond the normal polymorphic range) in a genome that constitutes over 3 billion paired nucleotides of DNA. Furthermore, HD presents as a complex and heterogenous combination of psychiatric, cognitive and motor symptoms, so can appear as an unholy trinity of 'three disorders in one'. The autosomal dominant nature of the disorder is also extremely challenging for affected families, as a 'flip of a coin' dictates which children inherit the mutation from their affected parent, and the gene-negative family members bear the burden of caring for the other half of the family that is affected. In this review, we will focus on one of the earliest, and most devastating, symptoms associated with HD, depression, which has been reported to affect approximately half of gene-positive HD family members. We will discuss the pathogenesis of HD, and depressive symptoms in particular, including molecular and cellular mechanisms, and potential genetic and environmental modifiers. This expanding understanding of HD pathogenesis may not only lead to novel therapeutic options for HD families, but may also provide insights into depression in the wider population, which has the greatest burden of disease of any disorder and an enormous unmet need for new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gubert
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thibault Renoir
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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25
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Transient knots in intrinsically disordered proteins and neurodegeneration. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 174:79-103. [PMID: 32828471 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We provide a brief overview of the topological features found in structured proteins and of the dynamical processes that involve knots. We then discuss the knotted states that arise in the intrinsically disordered polyglutamine and α-synuclein. We argue that the existence of the knotted conformations stalls degradation by proteases and thus enhances aggregation. This mechanism works if the length of a peptide chain exceeds a threshold, as in the Huntington disease. We also study the cavities that form within the conformations of the disordered proteins. The volume of the cavities varies in time in a way that is different than that of the radius of gyration or the end-to-end distance. In addition, we study the traffic between the conformational basins and identify patterns associated with the deep and shallow knots. The results are obtained by molecular dynamics simulations that use coarse-grained and all-atom models (with and without the explicit solvent).
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Brito V, Giralt A, Masana M, Royes A, Espina M, Sieiro E, Alberch J, Castañé A, Girault JA, Ginés S. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 Dysfunction Contributes to Depressive-like Behaviors in Huntington's Disease by Altering the DARPP-32 Phosphorylation Status in the Nucleus Accumbens. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:196-207. [PMID: 31060804 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is the most common psychiatric condition in Huntington's disease (HD), with rates more than twice those found in the general population. At the present time, there is no established molecular evidence to use as a basis for depression treatment in HD. Indeed, in some patients, classic antidepressant drugs exacerbate chorea or anxiety. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) has been involved in processes associated with anxiety and depression. This study evaluated the involvement of Cdk5 in the development and prevalence of depressive-like behaviors in HD and aimed to validate Cdk5 as a target for depression treatment. METHODS We evaluated the impact of pharmacological inhibition of Cdk5 in depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviors in Hdh+/Q111 knock-in mutant mice by using a battery of behavioral tests. Biochemical and morphological studies were performed to define the molecular mechanisms acting downstream of Cdk5 activation. A double huntingtin/DARPP-32 (dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein 32) knock-in mutant mouse was generated to analyze the role of DARPP-32 in HD depression. RESULTS We found that Hdh+/Q111 mutant mice exhibited depressive-like, but not anxiety-like, behaviors starting at 2 months of age. Cdk5 inhibition by roscovitine infusion prevented depressive-like behavior and reduced DARPP-32 phosphorylation at Thr75 in the nucleus accumbens. Hdh+/Q111 mice heterozygous for DARPP-32 Thr75Ala point mutation were resistant to depressive-like behaviors. We identified β-adducin phosphorylation as a Cdk5 downstream mechanism potentially mediating structural spine plasticity changes in the nucleus accumbens and depressive-like behavior. CONCLUSIONS These results point to Cdk5 in the nucleus accumbens as a critical contributor to depressive-like behaviors in HD mice by altering DARPP-32/β-adducin signaling and disrupting the dendritic spine cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Brito
- Department of Biomedical Science, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Giralt
- Department of Biomedical Science, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Masana
- Department of Biomedical Science, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida Royes
- Department of Biomedical Science, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Espina
- Department of Biomedical Science, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Sieiro
- Department of Biomedical Science, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Alberch
- Department of Biomedical Science, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Castañé
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology, CSIC-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jean-Antoine Girault
- Inserm UMR-S 839, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Institut du Fer a Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Silvia Ginés
- Department of Biomedical Science, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain.
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Tobore TO. Towards a comprehensive understanding of the contributions of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of Huntington's disease. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:1455-1468. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Yu-Taeger L, Stricker-Shaver J, Arnold K, Bambynek-Dziuk P, Novati A, Singer E, Lourhmati A, Fabian C, Magg J, Riess O, Schwab M, Stolzing A, Danielyan L, Nguyen HHP. Intranasal Administration of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorates the Abnormal Dopamine Transmission System and Inflammatory Reaction in the R6/2 Mouse Model of Huntington Disease. Cells 2019; 8:E595. [PMID: 31208073 PMCID: PMC6628278 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrastriatal administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has shown beneficial effects in rodent models of Huntington disease (HD). However, the invasive nature of surgical procedure and its potential to trigger the host immune response may limit its clinical use. Hence, we sought to evaluate the non-invasive intranasal administration (INA) of MSC delivery as an effective alternative route in HD. GFP-expressing MSCs derived from bone marrow were intranasally administered to 4-week-old R6/2 HD transgenic mice. MSCs were detected in the olfactory bulb, midbrain and striatum five days post-delivery. Compared to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated littermates, MSC-treated R6/2 mice showed an increased survival rate and attenuated circadian activity disruption assessed by locomotor activity. MSCs increased the protein expression of DARPP-32 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and downregulated gene expression of inflammatory modulators in the brain 7.5 weeks after INA. While vehicle treated R6/2 mice displayed decreased Iba1 expression and altered microglial morphology in comparison to the wild type littermates, MSCs restored both, Iba1 level and the thickness of microglial processes in the striatum of R6/2 mice. Our results demonstrate significantly ameliorated phenotypes of R6/2 mice after MSCs administration via INA, suggesting this method as an effective delivering route of cells to the brain for HD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Yu-Taeger
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Janice Stricker-Shaver
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Katrin Arnold
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics (IZBI), University of Leipzig, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Patrycja Bambynek-Dziuk
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Arianna Novati
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Singer
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Ali Lourhmati
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Claire Fabian
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics (IZBI), University of Leipzig, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Janine Magg
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, D-70376 Stuttgart, Germany.
- Departments of Biochemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Yerevan State Medical University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Yerevan State Medical University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Alexandra Stolzing
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics (IZBI), University of Leipzig, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany.
- Centre for Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Lusine Danielyan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Departments of Biochemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Yerevan State Medical University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Yerevan State Medical University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Hoa Huu Phuc Nguyen
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Centre for Rare Diseases (ZSE), University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
- Departments of Biochemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Yerevan State Medical University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University of Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany.
- Departments of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Yerevan State Medical University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.
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Spatial memory in Huntington’s disease: A comparative review of human and animal data. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 98:194-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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30
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Zhao Y, Sun X, Qi X. Inhibition of Drp1 hyperactivation reduces neuropathology and behavioral deficits in zQ175 knock-in mouse model of Huntington's disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 507:319-323. [PMID: 30449600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction manifests in the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease (HD), a fatal and inherited neurodegenerative disease. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is the primary component of mitochondrial fission and becomes hyperactivated in various models of HD. We previously reported that inhibition of Drp1 hyperactivation by P110, a rationally designed peptide inhibitor of Drp1-Fis1 interaction, is protective in the HD R6/2 mouse model, which expresses a fragment of mutant Huntingtin (mHtt). In this study, we expand our work to test the effect of P110 treatment in HD knock-in (zQ175 KI) mice that express full-length mtHtt and exhibit progressive disease symptoms, reminiscent of human HD. We find that subcutaneously sustained treatment with P110 reduces movement deficits of mice. Moreover, the treatment attenuates striatal neuronal loss, microglial hyperactivity and white matter disorganization in zQ175 KI mice. These findings provide an additional line of evidence that inhibition of Drp1 hyperactivation is sufficient to reduce HD-associated neuropathology and behavioral deficits. We propose that manipulation of Drp1 hyperactivation might be a useful strategy to develop therapeutics for treating HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhao
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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31
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Zhang H, Zhang C, Vincent J, Zala D, Benstaali C, Sainlos M, Grillo-Bosch D, Daburon S, Coussen F, Cho Y, David DJ, Saudou F, Humeau Y, Choquet D. Modulation of AMPA receptor surface diffusion restores hippocampal plasticity and memory in Huntington's disease models. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4272. [PMID: 30323233 PMCID: PMC6189172 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06675-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity contributes to cognitive impairment in Huntington’s disease (HD). However, the molecular basis of such synaptic plasticity defects is not fully understood. Combining live-cell nanoparticle tracking and super-resolution imaging, we show that AMPAR surface diffusion, a key player in synaptic plasticity, is disturbed in various rodent models of HD. We demonstrate that defects in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)–tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling pathway contribute to the deregulated AMPAR trafficking by reducing the interaction between transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins (TARPs) and the PDZ-domain scaffold protein PSD95. The disturbed AMPAR surface diffusion is rescued by the antidepressant drug tianeptine via the BDNF signaling pathway. Tianeptine also restores the impaired LTP and hippocampus-dependent memory in different HD mouse models. These findings unravel a mechanism underlying hippocampal synaptic and memory dysfunction in HD, and highlight AMPAR surface diffusion as a promising therapeutic target. Cognitive decline in Huntington’s disease (HD) may be due to impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity. In this study the authors show that AMPA receptor surface diffusion, a key player in synaptic plasticity, is deregulated in multiple HD mouse models as a result of impaired BDNF signalling that underlies the memory deficits, and can be pharmacologically rescued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33076, France. .,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5297, Bordeaux, 33076, France. .,Department of Biomedicine, KG Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, N-5009, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33076, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5297, Bordeaux, 33076, France
| | - Jean Vincent
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33076, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5297, Bordeaux, 33076, France
| | - Diana Zala
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR3306, Inserm, U1005, F-91405, Orsay, France.,INSERM U894, Center of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Paris, France, University Paris-Descartes, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Caroline Benstaali
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,INSERM, U1216, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Matthieu Sainlos
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33076, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5297, Bordeaux, 33076, France
| | - Dolors Grillo-Bosch
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33076, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5297, Bordeaux, 33076, France
| | - Sophie Daburon
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33076, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5297, Bordeaux, 33076, France
| | - Françoise Coussen
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33076, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5297, Bordeaux, 33076, France
| | - Yoon Cho
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33000, France
| | - Denis J David
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, CESP, INSERM UMRS1178, Chatenay-Malabry, 92296, France
| | - Frederic Saudou
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, F-38000, Grenoble, France. .,INSERM, U1216, F-38000, Grenoble, France. .,CHU Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Yann Humeau
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33076, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5297, Bordeaux, 33076, France
| | - Daniel Choquet
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33076, France. .,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5297, Bordeaux, 33076, France. .,Bordeaux Imaging Center, CNRS UMS 3420, University of Bordeaux, INSERM US04, 33076, Bordeaux, France.
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Alpaugh M, Galleguillos D, Forero J, Morales LC, Lackey SW, Kar P, Di Pardo A, Holt A, Kerr BJ, Todd KG, Baker GB, Fouad K, Sipione S. Disease-modifying effects of ganglioside GM1 in Huntington's disease models. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 9:1537-1557. [PMID: 28993428 PMCID: PMC5666311 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201707763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor, cognitive and psychiatric problems. Previous studies indicated that levels of brain gangliosides are lower than normal in HD models and that administration of exogenous ganglioside GM1 corrects motor dysfunction in the YAC128 mouse model of HD In this study, we provide evidence that intraventricular administration of GM1 has profound disease-modifying effects across HD mouse models with different genetic background. GM1 administration results in decreased levels of mutant huntingtin, the protein that causes HD, and in a wide array of beneficial effects that include changes in levels of DARPP32, ferritin, Iba1 and GFAP, modulation of dopamine and serotonin metabolism, and restoration of normal levels of glutamate, GABA, L-Ser and D-Ser. Treatment with GM1 slows down neurodegeneration, white matter atrophy and body weight loss in R6/2 mice. Motor functions are significantly improved in R6/2 mice and restored to normal in Q140 mice, including gait abnormalities that are often resistant to treatments. Psychiatric-like and cognitive dysfunctions are also ameliorated by GM1 administration in Q140 and YAC128 mice. The widespread benefits of GM1 administration, at molecular, cellular and behavioural levels, indicate that this ganglioside has strong therapeutic and disease-modifying potential in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Alpaugh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Danny Galleguillos
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Juan Forero
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | | | - Preeti Kar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Alba Di Pardo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andrew Holt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Bradley J Kerr
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kathryn G Todd
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Glen B Baker
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Karim Fouad
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Simonetta Sipione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada .,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Novati A, Yu-Taeger L, Gonzalez Menendez I, Quintanilla Martinez L, Nguyen HP. Sexual behavior and testis morphology in the BACHD rat model. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198338. [PMID: 29883458 PMCID: PMC5993248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huntington disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by a mutation in the huntingtin (HTT) gene, which results in brain neurodegeneration and peripheral pathology affecting different organs including testis. Patients with HD suffer from motor and cognitive impairment, and multiple psychiatric symptoms. Among behavioral abnormalities in HD, sexual disturbances have often been reported, but scarcely investigated in animal models. The BACHD rat model of HD carries the human full-length mutated HTT (mHTT) genomic sequence with 97 CAG-CAA repeats and displays HD-like alterations at neuropathological and behavioral level. OBJECTIVE This study aims to phenotype the BACHD rats' sexual behavior and performance as well as testis morphology because alterations in these aspects have been associated to HD. METHODS Two rat cohorts at the age of 3 and 7 months were subjected to mating tests to assess different parameters of sexual behavior. Histological analyses for testis morphology were performed in different rat cohorts at 1.5, 7 and 12 months of age whereas immunohistochemical analyses were carried out at 7 and 12 months of age to visualize the presence of mHTT in testicular tissue. Furthermore, western blot analyses were used to assess HTT and mHTT expression levels in striatum and testis at three months of age. RESULTS At 3 months, BACHD rats showed a decreased time exploring the female anogenital area (AGA), decreased latency to mount, increased number of intromissions and ejaculations and enhanced hit rate. At 7 months, all sexual parameters were comparable between genotypes with the exception that BACHD rats explored the AGA less than wild type rats. Testis analyses did not reveal any morphological alteration at any of the examined ages, but showed presence of mHTT limited to Sertoli cells in transgenic rats at both 7 and 12 months. BACHD rat HTT and mHTT expression levels in testis were lower than striatum at 3 months of age. CONCLUSIONS The testis phenotype in the BACHD rat model does not mimic the changes observed in human HD testis. The altered sexual behavior in BACHD rats at three months of age could be to a certain extent representative of and share common underlying pathways with some of the sexual disturbances in HD patients. Further investigating the biological causes of the sexual phenotype in BACHD rats may therefore contribute to clarifying the mechanisms at the base of sexual behavior changes in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Novati
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Libo Yu-Taeger
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Irene Gonzalez Menendez
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leticia Quintanilla Martinez
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Huu Phuc Nguyen
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Theed R, Eccles FJR, Simpson J. Understandings of psychological difficulties in people with the Huntington's disease gene and their expectations of psychological therapy. Psychol Psychother 2018; 91:216-231. [PMID: 28972687 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to investigate how people who had tested positive for the Huntington's disease (HD) gene mutation understood and experienced psychological distress and their expectations of psychological therapy. DESIGN A qualitative methodology was adopted involving semi-structured interviews and interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). METHOD A total of nine participants (five women and four men) who had opted to engage in psychological therapy were recruited and interviewed prior to the start of this particular psychological therapeutic intervention. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using IPA whereby themes were analysed within and across transcripts and classified into superordinate themes. RESULTS Three superordinate themes were developed: Attributing psychological distress to HD: 'you're blaming everything on that now'; Changes in attributions of distress over time: 'in the past you'd just get on with it'; and Approaching therapy with an open mind, commitment, and hope: 'a light at the end of the tunnel'. CONCLUSION Understandings of psychological distress in HD included biological and psychological explanations, with both often being accepted simultaneously by the same individual but with biomedical accounts generally dominating. Individual experience seemed to reflect a dynamic process whereby people's understanding and experience of their distress changed over time. Psychological therapy was accepted as a positive alternative to medication, providing people with HD with hope that their psychological well-being could be enhanced. PRACTITIONER POINTS People with the Huntington's disease gene mutation have largely biomedical understandings of their psychological distress. This largely biomedical understanding does not, however, preclude them for being interested in the potential gains resulting from psychological therapy. The mechanisms of psychological therapy should be explained in detail before therapy and explored along with current attributions of distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Theed
- Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, UK
| | | | - Jane Simpson
- Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, UK
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Hatzinger M, Hemmeter U, Hirsbrunner T, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Leyhe T, Mall JF, Mosimann U, Rach N, Trächsel N, Savaskan E. [Not Available]. PRAXIS 2018; 107:127-144. [PMID: 29382263 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a002883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Diese Empfehlungen sollen dazu dienen, Fachpersonen das Wissen über die aktuelle Evidenz von Diagnostik und Therapie der Depression im Alter zur Verfügung zu stellen und damit zur frühzeitigen Erkennung und evidenzbasierten Behandlung beizutragen. Da für einige Behandlungsansätze nur rudimentär kontrollierte Studien vorliegen, wird auch das klinische Expertenwissen in die Beurteilung einbezogen. Im diagnostischen Vorgehen wird die besondere Symptomatik der Depression im Alter beleuchtet, auf die Suizidalität eingegangen und werden die häufig vorkommenden somatischen Komorbiditäten hervorgehoben. Auch Hypothesen zur Pathogenese, wie Neuroendokrinologie, Neurodegeneration und vaskuläre Faktoren, werden erläutert. In der Behandlung gilt heute ein integrierter biopsychosozialer Ansatz mit gezielten psychosozialen Interventionen, spezifischer Psychotherapie und einer antidepressiven Pharmakotherapie bei schweren Depressionen als sinnvoll. Daneben kommen auch chronobiologische oder Neurostimulationsverfahren zum Einsatz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hatzinger
- 1 Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Alterspsychiatrie und Alterspsychotherapie (SGAP)
- 2 Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Biologische Psychiatrie (SGBP)
| | - Ulrich Hemmeter
- 1 Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Alterspsychiatrie und Alterspsychotherapie (SGAP)
| | - Therese Hirsbrunner
- 4 Schweizerischer Berufsverband der Pflegefachfrauen und Pflegefachmänner (SBK)
| | | | - Thomas Leyhe
- 1 Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Alterspsychiatrie und Alterspsychotherapie (SGAP)
| | - Jean-Frédéric Mall
- 1 Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Alterspsychiatrie und Alterspsychotherapie (SGAP)
| | - Urs Mosimann
- 2 Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Biologische Psychiatrie (SGBP)
| | - Nicole Rach
- 5 Schweizerische Fachgesellschaft für Gerontopsychologie (SFGP)
| | - Nathalie Trächsel
- 1 Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Alterspsychiatrie und Alterspsychotherapie (SGAP)
| | - Egemen Savaskan
- 1 Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Alterspsychiatrie und Alterspsychotherapie (SGAP)
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Gardiner SL, van Belzen MJ, Boogaard MW, van Roon-Mom WMC, Rozing MP, van Hemert AM, Smit JH, Beekman ATF, van Grootheest G, Schoevers RA, Oude Voshaar RC, Roos RAC, Comijs HC, Penninx BWJH, van der Mast RC, Aziz NA. Huntingtin gene repeat size variations affect risk of lifetime depression. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:1277. [PMID: 29225330 PMCID: PMC5802693 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder caused by a cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat expansion in the HTT gene. Although HD is frequently complicated by depression, it is still unknown to what extent common HTT CAG repeat size variations in the normal range could affect depression risk in the general population. Using binary logistic regression, we assessed the association between HTT CAG repeat size and depression risk in two well-characterized Dutch cohorts─the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety and the Netherlands Study of Depression in Older Persons─including 2165 depressed and 1058 non-depressed persons. In both cohorts, separately as well as combined, there was a significant non-linear association between the risk of lifetime depression and HTT CAG repeat size in which both relatively short and relatively large alleles were associated with an increased risk of depression (β = -0.292 and β = 0.006 for the linear and the quadratic term, respectively; both P < 0.01 after adjustment for the effects of sex, age, and education level). The odds of lifetime depression were lowest in persons with a HTT CAG repeat size of 21 (odds ratio: 0.71, 95% confidence interval: 0.52 to 0.98) compared to the average odds in the total cohort. In conclusion, lifetime depression risk was higher with both relatively short and relatively large HTT CAG repeat sizes in the normal range. Our study provides important proof-of-principle that repeat polymorphisms can act as hitherto unappreciated but complex genetic modifiers of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Gardiner
- 0000000089452978grid.10419.3dDepartments of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands ,0000000089452978grid.10419.3dDepartments of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martine J. van Belzen
- 0000000089452978grid.10419.3dDepartments of Clinical Genetics, and Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Merel W. Boogaard
- 0000000089452978grid.10419.3dDepartments of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands ,0000000089452978grid.10419.3dDepartments of Clinical Genetics, and Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Willeke M. C. van Roon-Mom
- 0000000089452978grid.10419.3dDepartments of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten P. Rozing
- 0000 0001 0674 042Xgrid.5254.6Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Albert M. van Hemert
- 0000000089452978grid.10419.3dDepartments of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H. Smit
- 0000 0001 0686 3219grid.466632.3Department of Psychiatry, and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aartjan T. F. Beekman
- 0000 0001 0686 3219grid.466632.3Department of Psychiatry, and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard van Grootheest
- 0000 0001 0686 3219grid.466632.3Department of Psychiatry, and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A. Schoevers
- 0000 0000 9558 4598grid.4494.dDepartment of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard C. Oude Voshaar
- 0000 0000 9558 4598grid.4494.dDepartment of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Raymund A. C. Roos
- 0000000089452978grid.10419.3dDepartments of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hannie C. Comijs
- 0000 0001 0686 3219grid.466632.3Department of Psychiatry, and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W. J. H. Penninx
- 0000 0001 0686 3219grid.466632.3Department of Psychiatry, and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roos C. van der Mast
- 0000000089452978grid.10419.3dDepartments of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands ,0000 0001 0790 3681grid.5284.b Department of Psychiatry, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - N. Ahmad Aziz
- 0000000089452978grid.10419.3dDepartments of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands ,0000000121901201grid.83440.3bDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Huntington’s Disease Centre, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
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Romano A, Serviddio G, Calcagnini S, Villani R, Giudetti AM, Cassano T, Gaetani S. Linking lipid peroxidation and neuropsychiatric disorders: focus on 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 111:281-293. [PMID: 28063940 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) is considered to be a strong marker of oxidative stress; the interaction between HNE and cellular proteins leads to the formation of HNE-protein adducts able to alter cellular homeostasis and cause the development of a pathological state. By virtue of its high lipid concentration, oxygen utilization, and the presence of metal ions participating to redox reactions, the brain is highly susceptible to the formation of free radicals and HNE-related compounds. A variety of neuropsychiatric disorders have been associated with elevations of HNE concentration. For example, increased levels of HNE were found in the cortex of bipolar and schizophrenic patients, while HNE plasma concentrations resulted high in patients with major depression. On the same line, high brain concentrations of HNE were found associated with Huntington's inclusions. The incidence of high HNE levels is relevant also in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of patients suffering from Parkinson's disease. Intriguingly, in this case the increase of HNE was associated with an accumulation of iron in the substantia nigra, a brain region highly affected by the pathology. In the present review we recapitulate the findings supporting the role of HNE in the pathogenesis of different neuropsychiatric disorders to highlight the pathogenic mechanisms ascribed to HNE accumulation. The aim of this review is to offer novel perspectives both for the understanding of etiopathogenetic mechanisms that remain still unclear and for the identification of new useful biological markers. We conclude suggesting that targeting HNE-driven cellular processes may represent a new more efficacious therapeutical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Romano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Gaetano Serviddio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Via Luigi Pinto, c/o Ospedali Riuniti, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Silvio Calcagnini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Rosanna Villani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Via Luigi Pinto, c/o Ospedali Riuniti, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Giudetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Centro Ecotekne, sp Lecce-Monteroni 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Tommaso Cassano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Luigi Pinto, c/o Ospedali Riuniti, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Silvana Gaetani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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Large normal-range TBP and ATXN7 CAG repeat lengths are associated with increased lifetime risk of depression. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1143. [PMID: 28585930 PMCID: PMC5534943 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the most prevalent and debilitating psychiatric disorders worldwide. Recently, we showed that both relatively short and relatively long cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeats in the huntingtin gene (HTT) are associated with an increased risk of lifetime depression. However, to what extent the variations in CAG repeat length in the other eight polyglutamine disease-associated genes (PDAGs) are associated with depression is still unknown. We determined the CAG repeat sizes of ATXN1, ATXN2, ATXN3, CACNA1A, ATXN7, TBP, ATN1 and AR in two well-characterized Dutch cohorts-the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety and the Netherlands Study of Depression in Older Persons-including 2165 depressed and 1058 non-depressed individuals-aged 18-93 years. The association between PDAG CAG repeat size and the risk for depression was assessed via binary logistic regression. We found that the odds ratio (OR) for lifetime depression was significantly higher for individuals with >10, compared with subjects with ≤10, CAG repeats in both ATXN7 alleles (OR=1.90, confidence interval (CI) 1.26-2.85). For TBP we found a similar association: A CAG repeat length exceeding the median in both alleles was associated with an increased risk for lifetime depression (OR=1.33, CI 1.00-1.76). In conclusion, we observed that carriers of either ATXN7 or TBP alleles with relatively large CAG repeat sizes in both alleles had a substantially increased risk of lifetime depression. Our findings provide critical evidence for the notion that repeat polymorphisms can act as complex genetic modifiers of depression.
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Carnemolla A, Michelazzi S, Agostoni E. PIN1 Modulates Huntingtin Levels and Aggregate Accumulation: An In vitro Model. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:121. [PMID: 28533744 PMCID: PMC5420564 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a polyglutamine expansion within the N-terminal region of huntingtin protein (HTT). Cellular mechanisms promoting mutant huntingtin (mHTT) clearance are of great interest in HD pathology as they can lower the level of the mutant protein and its toxic aggregated species, thus affecting disease onset and progression. We have previously shown that the prolyl-isomerase PIN1 represents a promising negative regulator of mHTT aggregate accumulation using a genetically precise HD mouse model, namely HdhQ111 mice. Therefore, the current study aims at underpinning the mechanism by which PIN1 affects huntingtin's aggregates. We found that PIN1 overexpression led to a reduction of mHTT aggregates in HEK293 cells, and that this could be linked to a negative regulation of mHTT half-life by PIN1. Furthermore, we show that PIN1 has the ability to stimulate the proteasome presenting evidence of a mechanism regulating this phenomenon. Our findings provide a rationale for future investigation into PIN1 with the potential for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisia Carnemolla
- International School for Advanced Studies, Area of NeuroscienceTrieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Michelazzi
- International School for Advanced Studies, Area of NeuroscienceTrieste, Italy
| | - Elena Agostoni
- International School for Advanced Studies, Area of NeuroscienceTrieste, Italy
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40
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Cognitive Control, Learning, and Clinical Motor Ratings Are Most Highly Associated with Basal Ganglia Brain Volumes in the Premanifest Huntington's Disease Phenotype. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2017; 23:159-170. [PMID: 28205498 PMCID: PMC5803794 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617716001132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Huntington's disease (HD) is a debilitating genetic disorder characterized by motor, cognitive and psychiatric abnormalities associated with neuropathological decline. HD pathology is the result of an extended chain of CAG (cytosine, adenine, guanine) trinucleotide repetitions in the HTT gene. Clinical diagnosis of HD requires the presence of an otherwise unexplained extrapyramidal movement disorder in a participant at risk for HD. Over the past 15 years, evidence has shown that cognitive, psychiatric, and subtle motor dysfunction is evident decades before traditional motor diagnosis. This study examines the relationships among subcortical brain volumes and measures of emerging disease phenotype in prodromal HD, before clinical diagnosis. METHODS The dataset includes 34 cognitive, motor, psychiatric, and functional variables and five subcortical brain volumes from 984 prodromal HD individuals enrolled in the PREDICT HD study. Using cluster analyses, seven distinct clusters encompassing cognitive, motor, psychiatric, and functional domains were identified. Individual cluster scores were then regressed against the subcortical brain volumetric measurements. RESULTS Accounting for site and genetic burden (the interaction of age and CAG repeat length) smaller caudate and putamen volumes were related to clusters reflecting motor symptom severity, cognitive control, and verbal learning. CONCLUSIONS Variable reduction of the HD phenotype using cluster analysis revealed biologically related domains of HD and are suitable for future research with this population. Our cognitive control cluster scores show sensitivity to changes in basal ganglia both within and outside the striatum that may not be captured by examining only motor scores. (JINS, 2017, 23, 159-170).
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41
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Neurochemical correlation between major depressive disorder and neurodegenerative diseases. Life Sci 2016; 158:121-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Meunier C, Merienne N, Jollé C, Déglon N, Pellerin L. Astrocytes are key but indirect contributors to the development of the symptomatology and pathophysiology of Huntington's disease. Glia 2016; 64:1841-56. [PMID: 27442486 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease in which an early and selective vulnerability of striatal Spiny Projection Neurons is observed. However, several studies have highlighted the implication of glial cells, and in particular astrocytes, in the pathophysiological mechanisms of this disease. A better understanding of the respective contributions of neurons and astrocytes in HD is needed and would be important for the development of new therapeutic approaches. Today, no comparable in vivo models expressing the mutant HTT selectively in astrocytes or in neurons are available. In this study, we developed comparable cell-type specific mouse models expressing a fragment of Huntingtin specifically in neurons, astrocytes, or in both cell populations of the adult mouse basal ganglia circuit. This approach allowed us to characterize behavioral alterations occurring as soon as 4 weeks postinjection. Interestingly, less severe but significant behavioral alterations were also observed in the two cell-type specific models. We further showed that astrocytes are less affected by mHTT compared to neurons, in particular concerning mHTT aggregation. Additionally, a more indirect contribution of astrocytes compared to neurons was observed in several pathophysiological mechanisms such as astrogliosis and neuronal dysfunction. Finally, we showed that direct and indirect transcriptional alterations within the glial glutamatergic clearing system are caused by astrocytic and neuronal expression of mHTT, respectively. We anticipate that our study will help to better understand the contributions of astrocytes to HD and guide future therapeutic efforts. GLIA 2016;64:1841-1856.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Meunier
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Merienne
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurotherapies (LCMN), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Research Center (CRN), LCMN, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Jollé
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Déglon
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurotherapies (LCMN), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Research Center (CRN), LCMN, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luc Pellerin
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Scarpa JR, Jiang P, Losic B, Readhead B, Gao VD, Dudley JT, Vitaterna MH, Turek FW, Kasarskis A. Systems Genetic Analyses Highlight a TGFβ-FOXO3 Dependent Striatal Astrocyte Network Conserved across Species and Associated with Stress, Sleep, and Huntington's Disease. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006137. [PMID: 27390852 PMCID: PMC4938493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent systems-based analyses have demonstrated that sleep and stress traits emerge from shared genetic and transcriptional networks, and clinical work has elucidated the emergence of sleep dysfunction and stress susceptibility as early symptoms of Huntington's disease. Understanding the biological bases of these early non-motor symptoms may reveal therapeutic targets that prevent disease onset or slow disease progression, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this complex clinical presentation remain largely unknown. In the present work, we specifically examine the relationship between these psychiatric traits and Huntington's disease (HD) by identifying striatal transcriptional networks shared by HD, stress, and sleep phenotypes. First, we utilize a systems-based approach to examine a large publicly available human transcriptomic dataset for HD (GSE3790 from GEO) in a novel way. We use weighted gene coexpression network analysis and differential connectivity analyses to identify transcriptional networks dysregulated in HD, and we use an unbiased ranking scheme that leverages both gene- and network-level information to identify a novel astrocyte-specific network as most relevant to HD caudate. We validate this result in an independent HD cohort. Next, we computationally predict FOXO3 as a regulator of this network, and use multiple publicly available in vitro and in vivo experimental datasets to validate that this astrocyte HD network is downstream of a signaling pathway important in adult neurogenesis (TGFβ-FOXO3). We also map this HD-relevant caudate subnetwork to striatal transcriptional networks in a large (n = 100) chronically stressed (B6xA/J)F2 mouse population that has been extensively phenotyped (328 stress- and sleep-related measurements), and we show that this striatal astrocyte network is correlated to sleep and stress traits, many of which are known to be altered in HD cohorts. We identify causal regulators of this network through Bayesian network analysis, and we highlight their relevance to motor, mood, and sleep traits through multiple in silico approaches, including an examination of their protein binding partners. Finally, we show that these causal regulators may be therapeutically viable for HD because their downstream network was partially modulated by deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus, a medical intervention thought to confer some therapeutic benefit to HD patients. In conclusion, we show that an astrocyte transcriptional network is primarily associated to HD in the caudate and provide evidence for its relationship to molecular mechanisms of neural stem cell homeostasis. Furthermore, we present a unified systems-based framework for identifying gene networks that are associated with complex non-motor traits that manifest in the earliest phases of HD. By analyzing and integrating multiple independent datasets, we identify a point of molecular convergence between sleep, stress, and HD that reflects their phenotypic comorbidity and reveals a molecular pathway involved in HD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R. Scarpa
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Peng Jiang
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Bojan Losic
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ben Readhead
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Vance D. Gao
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Joel T. Dudley
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Martha H. Vitaterna
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Fred W. Turek
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Andrew Kasarskis
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
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Cheng ML, Chang KH, Wu YR, Chen CM. Metabolic disturbances in plasma as biomarkers for Huntington's disease. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 31:38-44. [PMID: 27133422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD), caused by expanded CAG repeats encoding a polyglutamine tract in the huntingtin protein, presents with a predominant degeneration of neurons in the striatum and cortex. Although a few studies have identified substantial metabolite alterations in plasma, the picture of plasma metabolomics of HD has not been clearly depicted yet. Using a global metabolomics screening for plasma from 15 HD patients and 17 controls, HD patient group was separated from the control group by a panel of metabolites belonging to carnitine, amino acid and phosphatidylcholine species. The quantification of 184 related metabolites (including carnitine, amino acid and phosphatidylcholine species) in 29 HD patients, 9 presymptomatic HD carriers and 44 controls further showed one up-regulated (glycine) and 9 down-regulated metabolites (taurine, serotonin, valine, isoleucine, phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C36:0 and C34:0 and lysophosphatidylcholine acyl C20:3). To understand the biosynthetic alterations of phosphatidylcholine in HD, we examined the expression levels and activities of a panel of key enzymes responsible for phosphatidylcholine metabolism. The results showed down-regulation of PCYT1A and increased activity of phospholipase A2 in HD leukocytes. These metabolic profiles strongly indicate that disturbed metabolism is involved in pathogenesis of HD and provide clue for the development of novel treatment strategies for HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Cheng
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
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Dale M, Maltby J, Shimozaki S, Cramp R, Rickards H. Disease stage, but not sex, predicts depression and psychological distress in Huntington's disease: A European population study. J Psychosom Res 2016; 80:17-22. [PMID: 26721543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression and anxiety significantly affect morbidity in Huntington's disease. Mice. models of Huntington's disease have identified sex differences in mood-like behaviours that vary across disease lifespan, but this interaction has not previously been explored in humans with Huntington's disease. However, among certain medical populations, evidence of sex differences in mood across various disease stages has been found, reflecting trends among the general population that women tend to experience anxiety and depression 1.5 to 2 times more than men. The current study examined whether disease stage and sex, either separately or as an interaction term, predicted anxiety and depression in Huntington's disease. METHODS A cross-sectional study of REGISTRY data involving 453 Huntington's disease participants from 12 European countries was undertaken using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. A series of multiple regression analyses were undertaken to discover to what extent disease stage and sex predicted anxiety, depression, and general distress after controlling for a number of known predictors of mood difficulties. RESULTS Disease stage, but not sex, was found to predict depressive symptoms and general distress. Neither disease stage nor sex predicted anxiety. Furthermore, an interaction term computed for disease stage and sex did not contribute to the models tested. CONCLUSION In terms of considering risks to developing depression and anxiety in the Huntington's disease population, practitioners may need to pay special attention to disease stage progression (but not sex differences) to enable early detection and treatment of depression (but not anxiety).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dale
- College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - John Maltby
- College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom.
| | - Steve Shimozaki
- College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Cramp
- College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh Rickards
- College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
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Jamwal S, Kumar P. Antidepressants for neuroprotection in Huntington's disease: A review. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 769:33-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Depression and clinical progression in spinocerebellar ataxias. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2015; 22:87-92. [PMID: 26644294 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common comorbidity in spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) but its association with ataxia progression is not well understood. OBJECTIVES To study the prevalence and influence of depressive symptoms in SCAs. METHODS We studied 300 participants with SCA 1, 2, 3 and 6 from the Clinical Research Consortium for Spinocerebellar Ataxias (CRC-SCA) and repeatedly measured depressive symptoms by the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) along with other clinical features including ataxia, functional status, and quality of life every 6 months for 2 years. We employed regression models to study the effects of depressive symptoms on clinical progression indexed by Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale Part IV (UHDRS-IV) and EQ5D after adjusting for age, sex and pathological CAG repeats. RESULTS Comorbid depression is common in SCAs (26%). Although the baseline prevalence of depression was similar among different SCA types, suicidal ideation was more frequently reported in SCA3 (65%). Depressive symptoms were associated with SARA scores but did not significantly progress over time within 2 years or deteriorate by increased numbers of pathological CAG repeats. The effects of depression on ataxia progression varied across different SCA types. Nevertheless, depression had consistently negative and significant impact on functional status and quality of life in all SCAs, even after accounting for ataxia progression. CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms are not simply the consequence of motor disability in SCAs. Comorbid depression per se contributes to different health outcomes and deserves more attention when caring patients with SCAs.
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Gómez-Sicilia À, Sikora M, Cieplak M, Carrión-Vázquez M. An Exploration of the Universe of Polyglutamine Structures. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004541. [PMID: 26495838 PMCID: PMC4619799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Deposits of misfolded proteins in the human brain are associated with the development of many neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies show that these proteins have common traits even at the monomer level. Among them, a polyglutamine region that is present in huntingtin is known to exhibit a correlation between the length of the chain and the severity as well as the earliness of the onset of Huntington disease. Here, we apply bias exchange molecular dynamics to generate structures of polyglutamine expansions of several lengths and characterize the resulting independent conformations. We compare the properties of these conformations to those of the standard proteins, as well as to other homopolymeric tracts. We find that, similar to the previously studied polyvaline chains, the set of possible transient folds is much broader than the set of known-to-date folds, although the conformations have different structures. We show that the mechanical stability is not related to any simple geometrical characteristics of the structures. We demonstrate that long polyglutamine expansions result in higher mechanical stability than the shorter ones. They also have a longer life span and are substantially more prone to form knotted structures. The knotted region has an average length of 35 residues, similar to the typical threshold for most polyglutamine-related diseases. Similarly, changes in shape and mechanical stability appear once the total length of the peptide exceeds this threshold of 35 glutamine residues. We suggest that knotted conformers may also harm the cellular machinery and thus lead to disease. Misfolding and aggregation of several proteins are known to be related to neurodegenerative diseases. Among them, polyglutamine expansions are known to be responsible for at least 9 diseases, including Huntington. Nonetheless, the structural properties of these intrinsically disordered proteins are difficult to study using classical techniques because of their rapid fluctuations that result in high conformational polymorphism. Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations to study polyglutamines of different chain lengths, starting with short non-pathogenic ones, and study the independent structures they are able to form. We characterize all structures by their geometrical properties, connectivity, putative mechanical stability and residence time (life span). Similar to the findings of a previous study with polyvalines, only some of the conformers are similar to those found in natural globular proteins. Moreover, we find structures that contain knots in both polyglutamine and polyvaline 60-mers, although the former contains many more knotted conformers than the latter. We suggest that these knotted conformers may impair the cell machinery for degradation and eventually lead to toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Àngel Gómez-Sicilia
- Intituto Cajal/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia),Madrid, Spain
| | - Mateusz Sikora
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Mariano Carrión-Vázquez
- Intituto Cajal/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia),Madrid, Spain
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Ciamei A, Detloff PJ, Morton AJ. Progression of behavioural despair in R6/2 and Hdh knock-in mouse models recapitulates depression in Huntington's disease. Behav Brain Res 2015; 291:140-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Applications of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Studying the Neurodegenerative Diseases. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:382530. [PMID: 26240571 PMCID: PMC4512612 DOI: 10.1155/2015/382530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is the umbrella term for the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons. Incurable neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) show dramatic rising trends particularly in the advanced age groups. However, the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated, and to date there are no biomarkers for early detection or effective treatments for the underlying causes of these diseases. Furthermore, due to species variation and differences between animal models (e.g., mouse transgenic and knockout models) of neurodegenerative diseases, substantial debate focuses on whether animal and cell culture disease models can correctly model the condition in human patients. In 2006, Yamanaka of Kyoto University first demonstrated a novel approach for the preparation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which displayed similar pluripotency potential to embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Currently, iPSCs studies are permeating many sectors of disease research. Patient sample-derived iPSCs can be used to construct patient-specific disease models to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of disease development and to test new therapeutic strategies. Accordingly, the present review will focus on recent progress in iPSC research in the modeling of neurodegenerative disorders and in the development of novel therapeutic options.
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