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Bateman JR, Ferguson MA, Anderson CA, Arciniegas DB, Gilboa A, Berman BD, Fox MD. Network Localization of Spontaneous Confabulation. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 36:45-52. [PMID: 37415502 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20220160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spontaneous confabulation is a symptom in which false memories are conveyed by the patient as true. The purpose of the study was to identify the neuroanatomical substrate of this complex symptom and evaluate the relationship to related symptoms, such as delusions and amnesia. METHODS Twenty-five lesion locations associated with spontaneous confabulation were identified in a systematic literature search. The network of brain regions functionally connected to each lesion location was identified with a large connectome database (N=1,000) and compared with networks derived from lesions associated with nonspecific (i.e., variable) symptoms (N=135), delusions (N=32), or amnesia (N=53). RESULTS Lesions associated with spontaneous confabulation occurred in multiple brain locations, but they were all part of a single functionally connected brain network. Specifically, 100% of lesions were connected to the mammillary bodies (familywise error rate [FWE]-corrected p<0.05). This connectivity was specific for lesions associated with confabulation compared with lesions associated with nonspecific symptoms or delusions (FWE-corrected p<0.05). Lesions associated with confabulation were more connected to the orbitofrontal cortex than those associated with amnesia (FWE-corrected p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Spontaneous confabulation maps to a common functionally connected brain network that partially overlaps, but is distinct from, networks associated with delusions or amnesia. These findings lend new insight into the neuroanatomical bases of spontaneous confabulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Bateman
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C., and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salisbury VA Medical Center, Salisbury, N.C. (Bateman); Department of Neurology and Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (Ferguson, Fox); Behavioral Neurology Section, Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (Anderson, Arciniegas); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (Arciniegas); Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest Health Sciences and Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto (Gilboa); Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va. (Berman)
| | - Michael A Ferguson
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C., and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salisbury VA Medical Center, Salisbury, N.C. (Bateman); Department of Neurology and Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (Ferguson, Fox); Behavioral Neurology Section, Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (Anderson, Arciniegas); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (Arciniegas); Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest Health Sciences and Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto (Gilboa); Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va. (Berman)
| | - C Alan Anderson
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C., and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salisbury VA Medical Center, Salisbury, N.C. (Bateman); Department of Neurology and Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (Ferguson, Fox); Behavioral Neurology Section, Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (Anderson, Arciniegas); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (Arciniegas); Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest Health Sciences and Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto (Gilboa); Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va. (Berman)
| | - David B Arciniegas
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C., and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salisbury VA Medical Center, Salisbury, N.C. (Bateman); Department of Neurology and Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (Ferguson, Fox); Behavioral Neurology Section, Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (Anderson, Arciniegas); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (Arciniegas); Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest Health Sciences and Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto (Gilboa); Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va. (Berman)
| | - Asaf Gilboa
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C., and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salisbury VA Medical Center, Salisbury, N.C. (Bateman); Department of Neurology and Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (Ferguson, Fox); Behavioral Neurology Section, Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (Anderson, Arciniegas); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (Arciniegas); Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest Health Sciences and Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto (Gilboa); Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va. (Berman)
| | - Brian D Berman
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C., and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salisbury VA Medical Center, Salisbury, N.C. (Bateman); Department of Neurology and Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (Ferguson, Fox); Behavioral Neurology Section, Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (Anderson, Arciniegas); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (Arciniegas); Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest Health Sciences and Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto (Gilboa); Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va. (Berman)
| | - Michael D Fox
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C., and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salisbury VA Medical Center, Salisbury, N.C. (Bateman); Department of Neurology and Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston (Ferguson, Fox); Behavioral Neurology Section, Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (Anderson, Arciniegas); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (Arciniegas); Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest Health Sciences and Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto (Gilboa); Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va. (Berman)
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2
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Francis C, MacCallum F, Pierce S. Interventions for confabulation: A systematic literature review. Clin Neuropsychol 2022; 36:1997-2020. [PMID: 34289780 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2021.1948612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Confabulations are false memories which are expressedwithout the intention to deceive and arise following brain damage or psychological dysfunction. Confabulations can become a barrier to effective neuropsychological rehabilitation and consequently, intervention is required.The current review aimed to provide a detailed evaluative account of existing interventions for confabulation and their relative effectiveness. METHOD The search process found 11 studies conducive with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A methodological quality assessment was then carried out and the majority of included studies demonstrated poor methodological quality. RESULTS Ten types of interventions were identified and the majority of theseled to a reduction or elimination of confabulations. CONCLUSION Since methodological quality of many included studies was deemed unsatisfactory, further large-scale experimental research and standardised measures are necessary to adequately compare the relative effectiveness of these interventions. Further research and clinical implications are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Francis
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Fiona MacCallum
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Siân Pierce
- Royal Leamington Spa Rehabilitation Hospital, South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, Warwick, UK
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3
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Dalla Barba G, Nogier B, Rogan C, Kalafat M, Gagliardi G, Houot M, La Corte V. Episodic memory false recognition for familiar information in Alzheimer's disease. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2021; 43:579-598. [PMID: 34713758 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2021.1975655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) suffer from various types of memory distortions. We showed that confabulations are plausible memories, mainly reflecting the recall of repeated personal events mistakenly considered by confabulating patients as specific and unique events. The aim of this study is to see whether the notion that over-learned information interferes in episodic memory recall, as it does in confabulation, can be extended to another type of memory distortion, namely false recognition (i.e., a claim to recognize something that was not encountered previously). If this is the case, it should be expected that in an episodic recognition memory task AD patients produce more false recognition for well known non-studied, non to-be-remembered material than for unknown non-studied, non to-be-remembered material. In order to verify this prediction, AD patients and normal controls (NC) were administered two experiments. In Experiment 1, we presented pictures, of which half were supposed to be well known and the other half unknown monuments. For each picture, participants were asked to say whether or not the monument was known or not to them. Immediately following this semantic encoding task, participants were administered an episodic recognition memory task in which, in the same way as in the previous phase, among the non-studied items, half were supposed to be well known and the other half unknown. In Experiment 2 the same procedure was used employing well known and unknown symbols. It was predicted that AD patients make more false recognitions for non-studied well-known items than for non-studied unknown items. The results show that this is actually the case, suggesting that confusion between "uniqueness," i.e., specific unique events, and "multiplicity," i.e., repeated events, is also involved in false recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Dalla Barba
- INSERM, Paris, France.,Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, France.,Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Barbara Nogier
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Inserm U975, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, France
| | - Christina Rogan
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, France
| | - Michel Kalafat
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, France
| | - Geoffroy Gagliardi
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, France
| | - Marion Houot
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, France
| | - Valentina La Corte
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, France.,Institut de Psychologie, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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4
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Chapman S, Cosentino S, Igwe KC, Abdurahman A, Elkind MSV, Brickman AM, Charlton R, Cocchini G. Mnemonic monitoring in anosognosia for memory loss. Neuropsychology 2020; 34:675-685. [PMID: 32852998 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anosognosia, or unawareness, for memory loss has been proposed to underlie cognitive functions such as memory and executive function. However, there is an inconsistent association between these constructs. Recent studies have shown that compromise ongoing self-monitoring of one's memory associates with anosognosia for memory loss. Yet to date it is unclear which memory monitoring mechanisms are impaired in these patients. In this study, we examined the extent to which temporal monitoring or orbitofrontal reality filtering (e.g., ability to monitor the temporal relevance of a memory) and source monitoring (e.g., the ability to distinguish which memories stem from internal as opposed to external sources) are associated with awareness of memory deficits. METHOD A total of 35 patients (M = 69 years; M = 14 years of education) with memory difficulties following a stroke were recruited from outpatient clinics. Patients were assessed with measures of self-awareness of memory difficulties, cognitive abilities and 2 experimental paradigms assessing source and temporal monitoring. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Results showed that patients unaware of their memory difficulties were more likely to externalize the source of their memories. Specifically, those unaware of their deficits were more likely to assign an external source to memories that were internally produced (e.g., imagined). No differences were observed in relation to temporal monitoring between patients aware and unaware of their deficits. This study informs current theoretical models of self-awareness of memory loss. Future studies should attempt to replicate these findings and explore different memory monitoring mechanisms in relation to anosognosia for memory loss. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Chapman
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths University of London
| | - Stephanie Cosentino
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section of the Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University
| | - Kay C Igwe
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section of the Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University
| | | | - Mitchell S V Elkind
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University
| | - Adam M Brickman
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section of the Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University
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5
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Barba GD, Brazzarola M, Marangoni S, Alderighi M. Confabulation affecting Temporal Consciousness significantly more than Knowing Consciousness. Neuropsychologia 2020; 140:107367. [PMID: 32007509 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Confabulation, defined as the production of statements and actions that are unintentionally incongruous to the patient's history, background, present and future situation, is a rather infrequent memory disorder, which usually affects patients with significant memory impairment, but may be also observed in patients with normal memory and learning abilities. Confabulation may be selective affecting some cognitive, memory domains while relatively sparing others. In particular, it may affect more Temporal Consciousness, i.e. a specific form of consciousness that allows individuals to remember their personal past, to be oriented in their present world and to predict their personal future, than Knowing Consciousness, i.e. a specific form of consciousness allowing individuals to be aware of past, present and future impersonal knowledge and information. In this study we evaluated confabulations in TC and KC in a group of confabulatory amnesics of various aetiologies. Based on previous studies, it was predicted that confabulations affect significantly more TC than KC. It was also predicted that "Habits Confabulations", i.e. habits and repeated personal events mistaken as specific, unique past and future personal episodes, is the more frequently observed type of confabulation. The results confirmed these predictions and are discussed within the framework of the Memory, Consciousness and Temporality Theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Dalla Barba
- INSERM, Paris, France; Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris6, Paris, France; Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita, Università Degli Studi di Trieste, Italy; Centro Medico di Foniatria, Unità Operativa Complessa di Riabilitazione Neurocognitiva, Padova, Italy.
| | - Marta Brazzarola
- Centro Medico di Foniatria, Unità Operativa Complessa di Riabilitazione Neurocognitiva, Padova, Italy.
| | - Sara Marangoni
- Centro Medico di Foniatria, Unità Operativa Complessa di Riabilitazione Neurocognitiva, Padova, Italy.
| | - Marzia Alderighi
- Centro Medico di Foniatria, Unità Operativa Complessa di Riabilitazione Neurocognitiva, Padova, Italy.
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6
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McLachlan E, Rai S, Al-Shihabi A, Huntley J, Burgess N, Howard R, Reeves S. Neuroimaging correlates of false memory in 'Alzheimer's disease: A preliminary systematic review. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2020; 296:111021. [PMID: 31887712 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.111021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterised by episodic memory impairment, but people also experience memory distortions, including false memories, which can impact on safety and reduce functioning. Understanding the neural networks that underpin false memories could help to predict the need for intervention and guide development of cognitive strategies to reduce memory errors. However, there is a relative absence of research into how the neuropathology of AD contributes to false memory generation. This paper systematically reviews the methodology and outcomes of studies investigating the neuroimaging correlates of false memory in AD. Four studies using structural imaging and three studies using functional imaging were identified. Studies were heterogenous in methodology and received mostly 'weak' quality assessment ratings. Combined, and consistent with neuroimaging findings in non-AD populations, results from identified studies provide preliminary support for the hypothesis that medial temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex dysfunction may lead to generation of false memories in AD. However, the small number of studies and significant heterogeneity within them means further study is necessary to assess replicability of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma McLachlan
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Rd, London, United Kingdom, W1T 7NF.
| | - Salina Rai
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Rd, London, United Kingdom, W1T 7NF
| | - Ahmed Al-Shihabi
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Rd, London, United Kingdom, W1T 7NF
| | - Jonathan Huntley
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Rd, London, United Kingdom, W1T 7NF
| | - Neil Burgess
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Alexandra House, 17-19 Queen Square, Bloomsbury, London, United Kingdom, WC1N 3AZ
| | - Robert Howard
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Rd, London, United Kingdom, W1T 7NF
| | - Suzanne Reeves
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Rd, London, United Kingdom, W1T 7NF
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El Haj M, M. J. Janssen S, Gallouj K, Lenoble Q. Autobiographical Memory Increases Pupil Dilation. Transl Neurosci 2019; 10:280-287. [PMID: 31915538 PMCID: PMC6943370 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2019-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pupil activity has been widely considered as a "summed index" of physiological activities during cognitive processing. METHODOLOGY We investigated pupil dilation during retrieval of autobiographical memory and compared pupil diameter with a control condition in which participants had to count aloud. We also measured pupil diameters retrieval of free (i.e., first memory that comes to mind), positive, and negative memories (memories associated, respectively, with the words "happy" and "sad"). RESULTS Analyses demonstrated larger pupil diameters during the free, positive, and negative autobiographical memory retrieval than during the control task. Analyses also demonstrated no significant differences in pupil diameters across the three autobiographical memory conditions. CONCLUSION These outcomes demonstrate that, compared with counting, autobiographical retrieval results in a larger pupil size. However, the emotional valence of memories yields non-significant effect on pupil diameters. Our findings demonstrate how autobiographical memory retrieval yields pupil dilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), F-44000Nantes, France
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | | | - Karim Gallouj
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
| | - Quentin Lenoble
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000Lille, France
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this paper, I review three 'anomalies' or disorders in autobiographical memory: neurological retrograde amnesia (RA), spontaneous confabulation, and psychogenic amnesia. METHODS Existing theories are reviewed, their limitations considered, some of my own empirical findings briefly described, and possible interpretations proposed and interspersed with illustrative case-reports. RESULTS In RA, there may be an important retrieval component to the deficit, and factors at encoding may give rise to the relative preservation of early memories (and the reminiscence bump) which manifests as a temporal gradient. Spontaneous confabulation appears to be associated with a damaged 'filter' in orbitofrontal and ventromedial frontal regions. Consistent with this, an empirical study has shown that both the initial severity of confabulation and its subsequent decline are associated with changes in the executive function (especially in cognitive estimate errors) and inversely with the quantity of accurate autobiographical memories retrieved. Psychogenic amnesia can be 'global' or 'situation-specific'. The former is associated with a precipitating stress, depressed mood, and (often) a past history of a transient neurological amnesia. In these circumstances, frontal control mechanisms can inhibit retrieval of autobiographical memories, and even the sense of 'self' (identity), while compromised medial temporal function prevents subsequent retrieval of what occurred during a 'fugue'. An empirical investigation of psychogenic amnesia and some recent imaging studies have provided findings consistent with this view. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these various observations point to the importance of frontal 'control' systems (in interaction with medial temporal/hippocampal systems) in the retrieval and, more particularly, the disrupted retrieval of 'old' memories.
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9
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Dalla Barba G, Brazzarola M, Barbera C, Marangoni S, Causin F, Bartolomeo P, Thiebaut de Schotten M. Different patterns of confabulation in left visuo-spatial neglect. Exp Brain Res 2018; 236:2037-2046. [PMID: 29744565 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5281-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Confabulating patients produce statements and actions that are unintentionally incongruous to their history, background, present and future situation. Here we present the very unusual case of a patient with right hemisphere damage and signs of left visual neglect, who, when presented with visual stimuli, confabulated both for consciously undetected and for consciously detected left-sided details. Advanced anatomical investigation suggested a disconnection between the parietal and the temporal lobes in the right hemisphere. A disconnection between the ventral cortical visual stream and the dorsal fronto-parietal networks in the right hemisphere may contribute to confabulatory behaviour by restricting processing of left-sided stimuli to pre-conscious stages in the ventral visual stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Dalla Barba
- INSERM, Paris, France.,Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Centro Medico di Foniatria, Unità Operativa Complessa di Riabilitazione Neurocognitiva, Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Brazzarola
- Centro Medico di Foniatria, Unità Operativa Complessa di Riabilitazione Neurocognitiva, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudia Barbera
- Centro Medico di Foniatria, Unità Operativa Complessa di Riabilitazione Neurocognitiva, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Marangoni
- Centro Medico di Foniatria, Unità Operativa Complessa di Riabilitazione Neurocognitiva, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Causin
- Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Unità Operativa Complessa di Neuroradiologia, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Bartolomeo
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, CS 21414, 75646, Paris Cedex 13, France.
| | - Michel Thiebaut de Schotten
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, CS 21414, 75646, Paris Cedex 13, France.,Brain Connectivity Behaviour group, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France.,Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives-UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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10
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Dalla Barba G, Brazzarola M, Marangoni S, La Corte V. Screening for confabulations with the confabulation screen. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2018; 30:116-129. [PMID: 29688124 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2018.1464475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work is to devise and validate a sensitive and specific test for confabulatory impairment. We conceived a screening test for confabulation, the Confabulation Screen (CS), a brief test using 10 questions of episodic memory (EM), where confabulators most frequently confabulate. It was postulated that the CS would predict confabulations not only in EM, but also in the other subordinate structures of personal temporality, namely the present and the future. Thirty confabulating amnesic patients of various aetiologies and 97 normal controls entered the study. Participants were administered the CS and the Confabulation Battery (Dalla Barba, G., & Decaix, C. (2009). "Do you remeber what you did on March 13 1985?" A case study of confabulatory hypermnesia. Cortex, 45(5), 566-574). Confabulations in the CS positively and significantly correlated with confabulations in personal temporality domains of the CB, namely EM, orientation in time and place and episodic plans. Conversely, as expected, they did not correlate with confabulations in impersonal temporality domains of the CB. Consistent with results of previous studies, the most frequently observed type of confabulation in the CS was Habits Confabulation. The CS had high construct validity and good discriminative validity in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Cut-off scores for clinical and research purposes are proposed. The CS provides efficient and valid screening for confabulatory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Dalla Barba
- INSERM, Paris, France.,Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, France.,Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Centro Medico di Foniatria, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Valentina La Corte
- Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, France.,Laboratoire Mémoire et Cognition INSERM UMR 894 Institut de Psychologie, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, INSERM UMR 894, Memory and Cognition Laboratory, Paris, France
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Allen AP, Doyle C, Commins S, Roche RA. Autobiographical memory, the ageing brain and mechanisms of psychological interventions. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 42:100-111. [PMID: 29246541 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the impact of healthy cognitive ageing and dementia on autobiographical memory (AM) may help deepen our theoretical understanding of memory and underlying neural changes. The distinction between episodic and semantic autobiographical memory is particularly informative in this regard. Psychological interventions, particularly those involving reminiscence or music, have led to differential effects on episodic and semantic autobiographical memory. We propose that executive function is a key mediator of psychological therapies on autobiographical memory. We also highlight that interventions that alleviate stress and improve mood, including in major depression, can enhance autobiographical memory. Future research employing more longitudinal approaches and examining moderating factors such as gender and education level will deepen our understanding of changes in AM in later life, enhance our theoretical understanding of the neuroscience of AM and ageing, and help to develop better targeted interventions for preserving AM in older adults.
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Dalla Barba G, Guerin B, Brazzarola M, Marangoni S, Barbera C, La Corte V. The confabulation battery: Instructions and international data from normal participants. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2018; 29:1625-1636. [DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2018.1436446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Dalla Barba
- INSERM, Paris, France
- Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, France
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Italy
| | - Barbara Guerin
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Inserm U975, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Valentina La Corte
- Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d’Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, France
- Institut of Psychology, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, INSERM UMR 894, Memory and Cognition Laboratory, Paris, France
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A longitudinal study of confabulation. Cortex 2017; 87:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mechanisms of Memory Consolidation and Transformation. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE OF MEMORY CONSOLIDATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45066-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Spitzer D, White SJ, Mandy W, Burgess PW. Confabulation in children with autism. Cortex 2016; 87:80-95. [PMID: 27837906 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Some children with high-functioning autistic spectrum conditions (ASC) have been noted clinically to produce accounts and responses akin to confabulations in neurological patients. Neurological confabulation is typically associated with abnormalities of the frontal lobes and related structures, and some forms have been linked to poor performance on source monitoring and executive function tasks. ASC has also been linked to atypical development of the frontal lobes, and impaired performance on source monitoring and executive tasks. But confabulation in autism has not to our knowledge previously been examined experimentally. So we investigated whether patterns of confabulation in autism might share similarities with neurologically-based confabulation. Tests of confabulation elicitation, source monitoring (reality monitoring, plus temporal and task context memory) and executive function were administered to four adolescents with ASC who had previously been noted to confabulate spontaneously in everyday life. Scores were compared to a typically developing (TD) and an ASC control group. One confabulating participant was significantly impaired at reality monitoring, and one was significantly worse at a task context test, relative to both the ASC and TD controls. Three of the confabulators showed impairment on measures of executive function (Brixton test; Cognitive Estimates test; Hayling Test B errors) relative to both control groups. Three were significantly poorer than the TD controls on two others (Hayling A and B times), but the ASC control group was also significantly slower at this test than the TD controls. Compared to TD controls, two of the four confabulating participants produced an abnormal number of confabulations during a confabulation elicitation questionnaire, where the ASC controls and TD controls did not differ from each other. These results raise the possibility that in at least some cases, confabulation in autism may be less related to social factors than it is to impaired source memory or poor executive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Spitzer
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, UCL (University College London), London, UK
| | - Sarah J White
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, UCL (University College London), London, UK
| | - Will Mandy
- UCL Research Department of Clinical, Education & Health Psychology, UCL (University College London), London, UK
| | - Paul W Burgess
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, UCL (University College London), London, UK.
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La Corte V, Serra M, George N, Pradat-Diehl P, Dalla Barba G. Different patterns of recollection impairment in confabulation reveal different disorders of consciousness: A multiple case study. Conscious Cogn 2016; 42:396-406. [PMID: 27173848 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Recollection is used to refer to the active process of setting up retrieval cues, evaluating the outcome, and systematically working toward a representation of a past experience that we find acceptable. In this study we report on three patients showing different patterns of confabulation affecting recollection and consciousness differentially. All patients confabulated in the episodic past domain. However, whereas in one patient confabulation affected only recollection of events concerning his personal past, present and future, in another patient confabulation also affected recollection of impersonal knowledge. The third patient showed an intermediate pattern of confabulation, which affected selectively the retrieval of past information, both personal and impersonal. We suggest that our results are in favor of a fractionation of processes involved in recollection underling different disorders of consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina La Corte
- Institute of Psychology, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, France; Inserm UMR 894, Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Memory and Cognition Laboratory, Paris, France; Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France; Departement de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
| | - Mara Serra
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France; Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Italy
| | - Nathalie George
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Pradat-Diehl
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital de La Pitié-La Salpêtrière, Service de médecine physique et de réadaptation, Paris, France
| | - Gianfranco Dalla Barba
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France; Departement de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Italy; Inserm, Paris, France
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Dalla Barba G, Barbera C, Brazzarola M, Marangoni S. Recovery from confabulation after normotensive hydrocephalus shunting. Cortex 2016; 75:82-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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