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Lee HK, Tong SX. Impaired inhibitory control when processing real but not cartoon emotional faces in autistic children: Evidence from an event-related potential study. Autism Res 2024. [PMID: 38840481 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Impaired socioemotional functioning characterizes autistic children, but does weak inhibition control underlie their socioemotional difficulty? This study addressed this question by examining whether and, if so, how inhibition control is affected by face realism and emotional valence in school-age autistic and neurotypical children. Fifty-two autistic and 52 age-matched neurotypical controls aged 10-12 years completed real and cartoon emotional face Go/Nogo tasks while event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. The analyses of inhibition-emotion components (i.e., N2, P3, and LPP) and a face-specific N170 revealed that autistic children elicited greater N2 while inhibiting Nogo trials and greater P3/LPP and late LPP for real but not cartoon emotional faces. Moreover, autistic children exhibited a reduced N170 to real face emotions only. Furthermore, correlation results showed that better behavioral inhibition and emotion recognition in autistic children were associated with a reduced N170. These findings suggest that neural mechanisms of inhibitory control in autistic children are less efficient and more disrupted during real face processing, which may affect their age-appropriate socio-emotional development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kyung Lee
- Human Communication, Learning, and Development, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Shelley Xiuli Tong
- Human Communication, Learning, and Development, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Invitto S, Piraino G, Ciccarese V, Carmillo L, Caggiula M, Trianni G, Nicolardi G, Di Nuovo S, Balconi M. Potential Role of OERP as Early Marker of Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:272. [PMID: 30271339 PMCID: PMC6146232 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory impairment is present in up to 90% of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is present in certain cases of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a transient phase between normal aging and dementia. Subjects affected by MCI have a higher risk of developing dementia compared to the general population, and studies have found that olfactory deficits could be an indicator of whether such a conversion might happen. Following these assumptions, aim of this study was to investigate olfactory perception in MCI patients. We recruited 12 MCI subjects (mean age 70 ± 6.7 years) through the Alzheimer Assessment Unit (UVA Unite) of ASL Lecce (Italy), and 12 healthy geriatric volunteers (HS) as the control group (mean age 64 ± 6.0 years), all of whom were first evaluated via a panel of neuropsychological tests. Subjects were asked to perform an olfactory recognition task involving two scents: rose and eucalyptus, administrated in the context of an oddball task during EEG recordings. Olfactory event-related potential (OERP) components N1 and Late Positive Potential (LPC) were then analyzed as measures of the sensorial and perceptive aspects of the olfactory response, respectively. It was determined that, in the MCI group, both the N1 and LPC components were significantly different compared to those of the HS group during the execution of the oddball task. In particular, the N1 amplitude, was reduced, while the LPC amplitude was increased, indicating that a degree of perceptive compensation can occur when sensorial function is impaired. Further, a correlation analysis, involving OERP components and neuropsychological battery scores, indicated that impairment of olfactory perception may share common pathways with impairments of the spatial system and long-term memory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Invitto
- Human Anatomy and Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
- Microelectronics and Microsystems, Unite of National Research Council, Lecce, Italy
- Laboratory of InterDisciplinary Research Applied to Medicine, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giulia Piraino
- Laboratory of InterDisciplinary Research Applied to Medicine, Lecce, Italy
- Istituto Santa Chiara, Lecce, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giorgio Trianni
- Laboratory of InterDisciplinary Research Applied to Medicine, Lecce, Italy
- Neurology Unite, Vito Fazzi Hospital, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nicolardi
- Human Anatomy and Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
- Laboratory of InterDisciplinary Research Applied to Medicine, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Michela Balconi
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
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Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and olfactory perception: An OERP study. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2018; 259:37-44. [PMID: 30006255 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSA) is characterized by snoring associated with repeated apnea and/or obstructive hypopnea. The nasal airways of OSA patients, measured via acoustic rhinometry, could be significantly narrower than healthy subjects and this reduced nasal structure can impair olfactory function. The relationship between nasal structure and olfactory function, assessed via behavioral test results, indicates that there is a high prevalence of nasal airflow problems. Based on these assumptions, the purpose of this study was to carry out an assessment of olfactory perception in OSA patients through the Chemosensory Event-Related Potentials (CSERP), investigating the N1 component and the Late Positive Component (LPC). Twelve OSA patients, non-smokers, were recruited in the Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, scored with the Epworth Sleepiness Scales, after Polygraphic Recording, Apnea Hypopnea Index and Body Mass Index evaluation. The control group consisted of twelve healthy controls, non-smokers, recruited as volunteers. Subjects, during an EEG recording, performed an oddball olfactory recognition task based on two scents: rose and eucalyptus. Main results highlighted differences in N1 and LPC between OSA and controls. OSA patients presented faster N1 latencies and greater amplitude. The same trend was found in LPC, where OSA showed decreased latency and increased amplitude during rose stimulation, in the right inferior frontal cortex. and faster latencies in left centroparietal cortex OERP results can suggest an impairment in endogenous components. This result could be the consequence of the exogenous perceptual difficulty highlighted in N1 component. The increased arousal could also be related to the respiratory activity involved during the olfactory task.
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